1.WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance-20050316-A-1.0

Product name
WCDMA RNP
Product version
V100R001
Confidentiality level
For internal use only
Total 69 pages
WCDMA Power Control Algorithm

Analysis and Parameter Configuration
Guidance
Prepared by
URNP-SANA
Date
Reviewed by
Date
Reviewed by
Date
Approved by
Date
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved
2003-12-04
WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Parameter Configuration Guidance
Confidential
Revision Record
Date
2003-12-15
Revision version
0.01
2005-03-16- 1.00
2004-07-09
Description
Author
Initial transmittal
Jin Yu
Revision based on review comments
Jin Yu
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Table of Contents
1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 8
2 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle and Protocol ............................................ 8
2.1
Basic Principle of Power Control ........................................................................................ 8
2.1.1
Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels .............................................. 8
2.1.2
Open Loop Power Control ............................................................................................ 9
2.1.3
Fast Power Control ....................................................................................................... 9
2.1.4
Outer Loop Power Control ......................................................................................... 10
2.1.5
Slow Power Control .................................................................................................... 13
2.2
Protocol Analysis of Power Control Process ................................................................... 13
2.2.1
Open Loop Power Control of PRACH ........................................................................ 13
2.2.1.1
PRACH Preamble Initial Value Setting .................................................................. 13
2.2.1.2
PRACH Power Control Sequence .......................................................................... 14
2.2.2
Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH............................................................. 14
2.2.3
Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH .......................... 14
2.2.3.1
Basic process of uplink power control .................................................................... 14
2.2.3.2
Processing in case of out-of- sync .......................................................................... 15
2.2.3.3
Generation methods of downlink TPC command during RL initialization ......... 15
2.2.3.4
Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for power control...................................................... 16
2.2.3.5
Power increment calculation of uplink DPCCH channel ..................................... 17
2.2.3.6
Transmit Power of Control Channel and Data Channel ...................................... 18
2.2.3.7
Power Control in Compressed Mode ..................................................................... 20
2.2.4
Power Control of Downlink Private Channel DPCH ................................................... 24
2.2.4.1
Basic process of downlink power control ............................................................... 24
2.2.4.2
Calculation of the power of the current timeslot ................................................... 25
2.2.4.3
Downlink Power Balance ......................................................................................... 26
2.2.4.4
Power Control in Compressed Mode ..................................................................... 27
2.2.5
Power Configuration of Other Channels .................................................................... 29
2.2.5.1
Channels with power configured at the beginning of cell setup ......................... 29
2.2.5.2
Channels with power configured during common channel configuration ......... 30
2.2.6
Synchronization and Out-of-sync Processes ............................................................. 30
2.2.6.1
Initial synchronization and out-of-sync process of the downlink ........................ 30
2.2.6.2
Uplink initial synchronization and out-of-sync process ........................................ 32
2.2.6.3
Parameters involved in synchronization and out-of-sync .................................... 34
3 Power Management Parameters ........................................................................................... 35
3.1
UE Power Management Parameter ................................................................................. 38
3.1.1
Power Offset Pp-m ..................................................................................................... 38
3.1.2
Constant Value ........................................................................................................... 39
3.1.3
PRACH Power Ramp Step ........................................................................................ 39
3.1.4
Preamble Retrans Max............................................................................................... 40
3.1.5
Preamble Threshold ................................................................................................... 40
3.1.6
DPCCH Power Offset (MP) ........................................................................................ 41
3.1.7
PC Preamble (MP) ..................................................................................................... 42
3.1.8
SRB Delay (MP) ......................................................................................................... 43
3.1.9
Gain Factors c and d , Reference TFC ID ......................................................... 43
3.1.10
Power Control Algorithm (MP) .......................................................................... 46
3.1.11
TPC Step Size .................................................................................................. 47
3.1.12
DPC Mode (MP)................................................................................................ 48
3.1.13
Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power (MP) .............................................................. 49
3.2
NodeB Power Management Parameter ........................................................................... 50
3.2.1
DL TPC Pattern 01 Count .......................................................................................... 50
3.2.2
PO1 (MP).................................................................................................................... 50
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3.2.3
PO2 (MP).................................................................................................................... 52
3.2.4
PO3 (MP).................................................................................................................... 52
3.2.5
FDD TPC DL StepSize (OP) ...................................................................................... 53
3.2.6
Limited Power Increase .............................................................................................. 53
3.2.7
Power_Raise_Limit .................................................................................................... 54
3.2.8
DL Power Averaging Window Size ............................................................................ 55
3.2.9
DL Power Balance Switch .......................................................................................... 55
3.2.10
Inner Loop DL PC Status .................................................................................. 56
3.2.11
Initial DL transmission Powers.......................................................................... 56
3.2.12
Maximum Uplink SIR ........................................................................................ 57
3.2.13
Minimum Uplink SIR ......................................................................................... 58
3.2.14
UL SIR Targets ................................................................................................. 59
3.2.15
Maximum DL Tx Power .................................................................................... 60
3.2.16
Minimum DL Tx Power ..................................................................................... 63
3.2.17
Primary CPICH Power ...................................................................................... 63
3.3
Others ............................................................................................................................... 64
3.3.1
Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Period (SirAdjustPeriod) .............................. 64
3.3.2
Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Step (SirAdjustStep) .................................... 64
3.3.3
Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Factor (SirAdjustFactor)............................... 65
3.3.4
Maximum SIR StepUp (MaxSirStepUp) ..................................................................... 65
3.3.5
Maximum SIR StepDown (MaxSirStepDown)............................................................ 65
3.3.6
BLERtarget ................................................................................................................. 66
3.3.7
In-Synchronization Threshold Qin .............................................................................. 66
3.3.8
Out-of-sync Threshold Qout ....................................................................................... 67
4 Appendix: Power Management Parameter Calculation ......................................................... 68
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List of Tables
Table 1
Power control methods adopted for various physical channels................................... 8
Table 2
Initial transmission power mode in the compressed mode ........................................ 22
Table 3
Recovery period power control under the compressed mode ................................... 23
Table 4
Channels with power configured during cell setup .................................................... 29
Table 5
Channels with power configured during common channel configuration .................. 30
Table 6
Power management parameters (modifiable to network planning engineers) .......... 35
Table 7
Power management parameters (modification by network planning engineers is not
recommended)............................................................................................................................ 37
Table 8
Gain factor parameter configuration .......................................................................... 45
Table 9
Initial and maximum target SIR value ........................................................................ 58
Table 10 Configurations of partial OLPC parameters ............................................................... 59
Table 11 Max. & min. downlink transmission power configuration ........................................... 60
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List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
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Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel ......................................................... 10

Fast power control ...................................................................................................... 11
Setting of target SIR ................................................................................................... 11
Outer loop power control process of uplink dedicated channel ................................. 12
PRACH power control sequence ............................................................................... 14
Basic flow of uplink power control .............................................................................. 15
Power control process of downlink dedicated channel .............................................. 25
NodeB radio link set states conversion diagram ........................................................ 33
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Error! Reference source not found.

Key words: WCDMA, power control, parameter configuration
Abstract: This describes WCDMA power control algorithm principle and the relating parameters setting.
List of abbreviations:
Abbreviations
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Full spelling
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Overview
In WCDMA, power control strategies that combine open-loop power control and
closed-loop power control fast power control and slow power control are adopted, which
can well overcome the influences of unfavorable factors such as fast fading on radio channels
to guarantee the transmission quality of radio channels.
This document contains two parts. The first part (Section 2) describes the power control
process principle and the relevant protocols, and the second part (Section 3) summarizes the
configuration methods and configuration values of parameters involved in power control and
briefly describes the meaning of each parameter and algorithms.
This document is suitable for network planning engineers to study, and can be used as
field operation guidance after the parts about algorithms and parameter configuration are
properly deleted.
Analysis on Power Control Management Principle and Protocol

*Note: The content of this section is described in detail in [4].
Basic Principle of Power Control
2.1
2.1.1
Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels

See the following table:
Table 1 Power control methods adopted for various physical channels
Physical
Open loop
Inner loop
Outer loop
channel
power control
power
power
control
control
DPDCH
DPCCH
Slow power
control
No power control
process, power is
specified by upper
layers.
PCCPCH
SCCPCH
PRACH
PDSCH
PCPCH
X
X
AICH
PICH
AP-AICH
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CSICH
CD/CA-ICH
2.1.2
Open Loop Power Control

For an uplink channel, the UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation
path by measuring the downlink channel signals, and then identifies the transmission power
of the uplink channel. This power control method is rather inaccurate, because under the
FDD mode, fast fading of the uplink channel has nothing to do with fast fading of the
downlink channel, but in the range of a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually
more serious than that caused by propagation loss. Therefore, open loop power control is
applied only at the beginning of connection setup, generally in setting the initial power value.
For a downlink channel, the network side sets the initial value of the transmission power
of the downlink channel according to the UE measurement report.
2.1.3
Fast Power Control

Fast power control is a kind of closed-loop power control, which is described
below through the example of fast power control of uplink channel.
After NodeB receives a signal from the UE, it estimates the signal-to-interference
ratio (SIR) of this signal at the receiver end. Then, NodeB compares the
signal-to-interference ratio with the preset target signal-to-interference ratio (SIRtarget).
If the received signal-to-interference ratio is smaller than target signal-to-interference
ratio, NodeB will inform the UE through the downlink dedicated control channel to
increase the transmitting power; on the contrary, if the received signal-to-noise ratio
is greater than target signal-to-interference ratio, NodeB will inform the UE through
downlink dedicated control channel to decrease transmitting power. The whole
control process is equivalent to a negative feedback process, which can make the
signal-to-interference ratio of the received signal fluctuate near the target
signal-to-interference ratio.
The fast power control process of the downlink channel is the same with that of
the uplink channel, but the start points are different. Power control of the uplink
channel is mainly to overcome the near-far effect. A downlink channel does not have
the problem of near-far effect, and downlink channel power control is to overcome
Rayleigh fading and the interferences of adjacent cells.
In the dedicated control channel (DPCCH), each timeslot has its power control
part (TPC). In WCDMA, the frame duration of a physical frame is 10ms, and each
physical frame has 15 timeslots, so the maximum rate of power control is 1.5 KHz
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(the frame format of the downlink dedicated channel is shown is Figure 1.). For a UE
moving at a medium or slow speed, this rate is greater than the Rayleigh fading rate,
so the transmission power can be well adjusted.
Figure 1 Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel

The above-mentioned power control is inner loop power control, which is directly
implemented at the physical layer. From the hardware point of view, it is implemented
by NodeB and UE together, and RNC is not involved.
2.1.4
Outer Loop Power Control

The purpose of inner loop power control of the WCDMA system is to maintain a
certain signal-to-interference ratio of transmission signal power when the signals
reach the receiving end. However, in different multi-path environments, even if the
mean signal-to-interference ratio is kept above a certain threshold, it is likely that the
communication quality requirement (BER or FER or BLER) is not satisfied. So a kind
of outer loop power control mechanism is required to adjust the threshold of inner
loop power control dynamically in order to meet the communication quality
requirement. Through the estimation of signal bit error rate (BER) or block error rate
(BLER), the upper layer of RNC or UE adjusts the target signal-to-interference ratio
(SIRtarget) in fast power control to accomplish the goal of power control. Since this
kind of power control is accomplished through upper layer, it is called outer loop
power control. When the quality of the received signals becomes bad (that is, bit error
rate or block error rate increase), the upper layer will increase the target
signal-to-interference ratio (SIRtarget) to improve the quality of received signals.
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DPCCH
DPCH
Figure 2 Fast power control

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of downlink power control. Inner loop power
control is accomplished between BS and UE. The RNC implements outer loop power
control by setting BS target signal-to-interference ratio. The reason to use outer loop
power control is that signal quality will be different in different environments when the
signal-to-interference
ratio
is
the
same.
For
instance,
under
the
same
signal-to-interference ratio, the faster the UE moves, the worse the signal quality will
be. As shown in Figure 3, generally, when mobile stands are still, the target
signal-to-interference ratio is the lowest.
Figure 3 Setting of target SIR

Note that in soft handover, the signal quality used by RNC as the basis is the
signal quality after the signal combination of each path in macro diversity. Because of
the existence of macro diversity, the final signal quality can be seen only in RNC.
Therefore, it is necessary for RNC to participate in outer loop power control. The
following figure is the schematic diagram of uplink power control, where the principle
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of outer loop power control can be seen. The frequency of outer loop control is 10
to100HZ, and the specific value depends on the data block adopted in the channel
quality estimation.
DPDCH
(Fast power control
1.5kHz)
Figure 4 Outer loop power control process of uplink dedicated channel

Currently, the outer loop power control algorithm adopted in our system is based on
BLER when it is not DXT. The control method is:
Suppose that the mean value of BLER is BLERmean(n+1) over the (n+1)th adjustment
period of outer loop power control, the target SIR value obtained in the (n+1)th cycle will be:
SIRtar (n 1) SIR(n) (
BLERm ean(n 1)
1) stepdown factor
BLERtar
Where, BLERtar is the target BLER value; stepdown is the adjustment step of outer
loop power control (the decrease step of the target signal-to-interference ratio when the error
block is 0); factor is the adjustment factor of the outer loop power control. Those parameters
can be adjusted on the field, and they are configurable algorithm parameters.
In an SIR adjustment conversation, the adjustment amplitude should not be too big. The
increase amplitude should be smaller than or equal to the maximum stepup (MaxSirStepUp)
and the decrease amplitude should be smaller than or equal to maximum stepdown
(MaxSirStepDown). In connection admission, the maximum and minimum target SIR values
will be given, and the actual target SIR value should be within the maximum and minimum
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ranges.
When the actual SIR is higher than the target SIR value without convergence, do
not further decrease the target SIR value; when the actual SIR is lower than the target
SIR value without convergence, do not further increase the target SIR value.
Returning
2.1.5
Slow Power Control

Slow power control is the content in R4, which will not be described in this
document. The following is just an overview.
The typical application of slow power control is network browsing. At this time,
downlink sends large quantity of data packets, while uplink has only a few data such
as ACK. When slow power control is adopted, commands are sent from the network
side at first and are verified at the UE side. When UE is not in the soft handover state,
usually, fast closed loop power control will stop, and the slow power control system
will start. Under this mode, UE sends PCR (Power Control Ratio) on DPCCH at the
interval of TRINT. When UE has not any information, the uplink transportation will be
stopped, and it will be resumed when UE sends PCR. NodeB identifies the downlink
DPCCH/DPDCH transmission power according to PCR reported by UE.
After the uplink transportation is paused, TPC commands of downlink DPCCH
are all in dummy state, and filled with 1. UE sends dummy timeslot composed of
only DPCCH before radio frames composed of DPDCH and DPCCH. The dummy
timeslot is NDS, and the TPC command in dummy timeslot contains only 1s.
2.2
Protocol Analysis of Power Control Process
2.2.1
Open Loop Power Control of PRACH
2.2.1.1
PRACH Preamble Initial Value Setting

The initial value of PRACH power is set through outer loop power control. UE
operation steps are as follows:
1. Read IE Primary CPICH DL TX power and UL interference and Constant
value from system information.
2. Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;
3. Calculate the initial value of PRACH preamble according to the following
formula:
Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL
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interference + Constant Value

The power control of the information part of PRACH has the following
characteristics: the values of c and d are configured by the upper layer. The ratio
between the control part and the data part is the same as for the uplink channel.
PRACH does not involve inner loop power control.
2.2.1.2
PRACH Power Control Sequence

Pp- m
1.5
timeslots
Power Ramp
Step
Preable_Initial_power
12 timeslots
10ms/20ms(15/30 timeslots)
Figure 5 PRACH power control sequence

The figure above is the time sequence diagram for control part of PRACH. The
relation between the data part power and control part power in messages is
described in the previous section.
The parameters in the figure, such as Power Ramp Step and Pp-m are configured
by the RRC layer of UE. The calculation of Preamble_Initial_power value is described
in the previous section.
Returning
2.2.2
Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH

UE calculates the initial power of uplink DPCCH according to the received IE
DPCCH_Power_offset and the measured value of CPICH_RSCP.
DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP
2.2.3
Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH
2.2.3.1
Basic process of uplink power control

The basic flow of uplink inner loop power control is shown in the following figure:
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UE
NodeB
Uplink DPCCH
1. Calculate the signalinterference ratio of the received

signal (SIRest)
Uplink DPDCH
5. Determine the transmit power

of the control channel and data
channel accoridng to the preset
power gain ratio and the
specified max. and min. output
powers.
4. Calculate the increment of

uplink DPCCH according to the
formula
2. Compare SIRest and SIRtarget to

obtain the value of TPC
Command
Downlink DPCCH
3. Calculate the value of

TPC_cmd based on TPC
Command. Available algorithms:
Algorithm1 and Algorithm2
Figure 6 Basic flow of uplink power control

2.2.3.2
Processing in case of out-of- sync

160ms after physical channel setup, UE controls its uplink transmission
according to the estimation results of downlink DPCCH quality:
- If the UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be
worse than the out-of-sync threshold Qout, the UE should switch off its transmitter.
- If the UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be
better than the synchronization threshold Qin, the UE will switch on its transmitter.
After resumption of transmission, the power of DPCCH should be consistent with that
before the UE switches off its transmitter.
2.2.3.3
Generation methods of downlink TPC command during RL initialization

When commanded by higher layers the TPC commands sent on a downlink radio link
from Node Bs that have not yet achieved uplink synchronisation shall follow a pattern as
follows:
If higher layers indicate by "First RLS indicator" that the radio link is part of the first
radio link set sent to the UE and the value 'n' obtained from the parameter "DL TPC pattern
01 count" passed by higher layers is different from 0 then :
- the TPC pattern shall consist of n instances of the pair of TPC commands ("0" ,"1"),
followed by one instance of TPC command "1", where ("0","1") indicates the TPC
commands to be transmitted in 2 consecutive slots,
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- the TPC pattern continuously repeat but shall be forcibly re-started at the beginning of
each frame where CFN mod 4 = 0.
Else
-
The TPC pattern shall consist only of TPC commands "1".
The TPC pattern shall terminate once uplink synchronisation is achieve.
Returning
2.2.3.4
Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for power control
a) Algorithm 1:
If soft handover does not exist and there is only one TPC command, then, when
TPC Command = 0, TPC _cmd = -1; when TPC Command = 1, TPC_cmd =1.
When a UE is in soft handover, there are two steps. The first step: Combine TPC
commands of RLs belonging to the same RLS (Radio Link Set) (The TPC commands
of all RLs in the same RLS are the same). If there are N PLSs, make soft decision for
all the received TPCis (I = 1, 2..N), and obtain the corresponding Wi. Then obtain
the value of TPC_cmd by means of the following formula:
TPC_cmd
W1 , W2 , ......WN
Where, the final value of TPC_cmd is 1 or -1.
is the user-defined function by the user. The protocol has only three limits on
this function, as follows:
1) When the probability that TPC command is 0 and the probability that TPC
command is 1 are the same, the probability that TPC_cmd value is 1 should be
greater than and equal to 1/(2N), while the probability that TPC_cmd value is -1
should be greater than and equal to 1/2;
2) When all TPC commands = 1, TPC_cmd = 1;
3) When all TPC commands = 0, TPC_cmd = -1.
b) Algorithm 2:
Perform a power adjustment every 5 timeslots (Divide each frame equally into 3
segments to obtain 5 timeslots each segment.)
If soft handover does not exist and there is only one TPC command:
1) For the first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0.
2) For the fifth slot of a set, the UE uses hard decisions on each of the 5 received
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TPC commands as follows:

If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 1 then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5th slot;
If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 0 then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5th slot;
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot.
If soft handover exists, there are two steps. The first step: Combine TPC
Commands of RLs belonging to the same RLS (Radio Link Set) (The TPC commands
of all RLs in the same RLS are the same). If there are N PLSs, each timeslot can
obtain TPCi (I = 1, 2..N). Divide each frame equally into 3 segments for each RLS
by means of the previously mentioned method to obtain 5 timeslots each segment,
and then make the decision. Finally, TPC_cmd (obtained from the previous four
timeslots) = 0. In the fifth timeslot, suppose that the decision result of each RLS is
TPC_tempi (i = 1, 2N), for the previous 4 timeslots, all the TPC_tempi values = 0.
TPC_cmd is obtained with the following function:
TPC_cmd5 th slot
TPC_tmp 1 , TPC_tmp 2 , ......TPC_tmp N
Where is defined as:
1
N
1
N
TPC_temp i 0.5,TPC_cmd 1
i1
N
TPC_temp i 0.5, TPC_cmd 1

i1
In other cases, TPC_cmd = 0.

Returning
2.2.3.5
Power increment calculation of uplink DPCCH channel
a) DPCCH preamble
At the beginning of DPCCH setup, the initial value of DPCCH is obtained through
the outer loop power control. The initial value of DPCCH is as follows:
DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP
Where, the value of DPCCH_Power_offset is configured by RNC to UE at the
beginning of RRC connection setup, and the value of CPICH_RSCP is obtained from
the measurement of the pilot signal by UE itself.
At the beginning of the dedicated channel setup, there are only DPCCHs in the
uplink dedicated channel but there is no DPDCH. DPCCH during this time is called
UL DPCCH power control preamble. The specific length of a preamble is 0 to 7
frames. It is set on UE by the RRC protocol and the parameter name is PC Preamble.
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In addition, during this period of time, only the above-mentioned Algorithm 1 can
be adopted for power control.
After the initial value is set, the change of DPCCH power is determined by the
following equation:
DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

Where, the value of TPC is configured by the RRC protocol at the beginning of
link setup, and the name of IE is TPC step size. The value of TPC_cmd has been
obtained in Step 3.
b) Power control after preamble
The change of DPCCH power hereafter is as follows:
DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

However, the algorithm of power control can be Algorithm 1 or Algorithm 2. At
the beginning of link setup, the specific algorithm is given by IE Power Control
Algorithm in RRC protocol.
Returning
2.2.3.6
Transmit Power of Control Channel and Data Channel

The size of the transmission power of the control channel and the data channel
depends on the preset power gain rate and the specified maximum and minimum
output power. When DPCCH power is identified, DPDCH power can be obtained with
power gain rate. The power gain rate is defined as follows:
Aj
d
c
Where, c and d are the gain factors of DPCCH and DPDCH respectively. c
and d can be obtained through two methods: One is that RNC configures directly
UE through RRC protocol (Signalled Gain Factors), and the corresponding IEs are
Gain Factor c and Gain Factor d ; the other method is to obtain c and d
(Computed Gain Factors) of the current TFC with c and d of the reference TFC.
As a service can have multi TFCs, for the second method, as long as c and d of
a certain TFC are known, c and d of other TFCs can be obtained.
For a connection, these two methods can be used in combination. If the upper
layer has configured a gain factor on a certain TFC, adopt Method 1; if the upper
layer has not configured any gain factor on a certain TFC, adopt Method 2. (The IDs
of the reference TFCs are set through IE Reference TFC ID)
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The detailed content of Method 2 is described as follows:

Suppose that the referenced TFC has Lref DPCCH channels. The jth TFC has Lj
DPDCH channels (According to 25.211, for multi-code transmission, the maximum
number of DPDCHs is 6). c,ref and d,ref are the gain factors of the reference TFCs,
and c,j and d,j are the gain factors of the jth TFC. RMi is rate matching parameter of
channel i (Semi-static rate matching attribute). Ni is the number of bits in each block
of the radio frame in the transmission channel.
The definitions of the variables:
Kref RMi
Ni
i
Kj RMi
Ni
i
For the jth TFC, the power gain Aj is:
Aj
dj dref
Lref
Kj
cj cref
Lj
K ref
For multi-code transmission, the more the channels, the smaller the power ratio
of DPDCH and DPCCH. Because DPCCH is transmitted over only one channel, while
the data on DPDCH can be transmitted on multi channels, so the power of a single
DPDCH shall reduce. The greater the Kj is, the higher the bit rate in each
transmission channel is, and the higher the required power of DPDCH is. This is the
only way to ensure that the bit error rate is kept at the original level.
After the transmission power of DPCCH and DPDCH is obtained, compare the
total transmission power of these two channels with the maximum allowed power of
the UE. The maximum allowed power of the UE is the maximum transmission power
supported by the UE itself or the maximum transmission power of the UE configured
by UTRAN, whichever is smaller (refer to IE Maximum allowed UL Tx power in RRC
protocol).
If the calculated total power of DPCCH and DPDCH exceeds the maximum
allowed transmission power of the UE, reduce the total power of DPCCH and DPDCH
to the maximum allowed transmission power of the UE, and keep the power ratio
between DPCCH and DPDCH unchanged at the same time.
In addition, when the calculated total power is smaller than the minimum transmission
power specified in 25.101, reduce the total power below the minimum transmission power or
reduce it only to the specified minimum transmission power, and keep the power ratio
between DPCCH and DPDCH unchanged at the same time. There are two conditions for this
adjustment process: One is that the total power should be smaller than or equal to the
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transmission power of the previous timeslot. The other one is that the adjustment amplitude
of the total power should not be greater than the calculated value.
After the power adjustment, the obtained transmission power should be the actual
transmission power of uplink dedicated channel.
Returning
2.2.3.7
Power Control in Compressed Mode

In the compressed mode, some compressed frames include transmission gaps.
Compared with the description in the previous section, the uplink power control at this
time adopts the power control algorithm parameters and step
TPC
set by the same
UTRAN. However it has some additional characteristics: it enables the

signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) to restore and get close to the target SIR after each
transmission gap.
The service cell (located in the activation concentrated cell) estimates the
received signal-to-interference ratio of the uplink DPCH. For the downlink
non-transmission gap timeslot, the TPC command is generated according to SIR est
and the following rules: If SIRest > SIRcm_target, set the TPC command as 0; If SIRest <
SIRcm_target, set the TPC command as 1. The TPC command is sent once at a
timeslot.
SIRcm_target is the target SIR in the compressed mode and it should satisfy the
following formula:
SIRcm_target = SIRtarget + PILOT + SIR1_coding + SIR2_coding
Where, SIR1_coding and SIR2_coding are obtained from DeltaSIR1,
DeltaSIR2, DeltaSIRafter1 and DeltaSIRafter2 configured by the upper layer
signaling.
- SIR1_coding=DeltaSIR1: The first transmission gap in the transmission gap
mode is located in the current uplink frame;
SIR1_coding=DeltaSIRafter1:
The current frame is located behind the
corresponding radio frame of the first transmission gap in the transmission gap mode;
- SIR2_coding=DeltaSIR2: The second transmission gap in the transmission
gap mode is located in the current uplink frame;
- SIR2_coding=DeltaSIRafter2: The current frame is located behind the
corresponding radio frame of the second transmission gap in the transmission gap
mode;
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- SIR1_coding and SIR2_coding are 0, other cases.
PILOT is defined as follows:

If multiple compressed modes are used simultaneously, carry out the calculation
respectively for each compressed mode, and then accumulate all the SIR1_coding
and SIR2_coding values.
In the compressed mode, the compressed frames may occur in both the uplink
and the downlink. In the uplink compressed frames, both the uplink DPDCH and
DPCCH will be closed.
Since transmission gaps exist in compressed frames, the downlink may lack
TPC commands. In this case, the corresponding TPC_cmd will be set as 0. The
number of pilots of compressed frames and non-compressed frames of the uplink
DPCCH may be different at each timeslot. In order to compensate the change of the
total pilot symbol power, it is necessary to change the transmission power of the
uplink DPCCH. Therefore, at the beginning of each timeslot, UE will calculate the
power adjustment quantity PILOT .
If the number of pilots of the uplink DPCCH at each timeslot is different from that
transmitted in the previous timeslot, PILOT
(dB) is:
PILOT
= 10Log10
(Npilot,prev/Npilot,curr). Where, Npilot, prev is the number of pilots in the previous timeslot and
Npilot, curr is the pilot number at the current timeslot; otherwise, PILOT equals to 0
(including the transmission gap at downlink).
Unless otherwise specified, the UE will adjust the transmission power of the
uplink DPCCH at each timeslot in the compressed mode, and the adjustment step
DPCCH (dB) is:
DPCCH = TPC TPC_cmd +
PILOT.
The transmission power of the uplink DPCCH at the first timeslot after the
transmission gap is adjusted according to the transmission power at the latest
timeslot, and the adjustment step DPCCH (dB) is:
DPCCH = RESUME + PILOT.
Where, the value of RESUME (dB) is determined by the UE according to the
initial transmission power mode (ITP). ITP is a specific parameter of the UE. The
network layer determines ITP according to the compressed mode and informs the UE
about it through signaling. The relations between ITP and RESUME are shown in the
following table.
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Table 2 Initial transmission power mode in the compressed mode

ITP
RESUME
RESUME = TPC X TPC_cmdgap
RESUME =
last
In the uplink transmission gaps, TPC_cmdgap is the TPC command of the uplink
transmission gaps. The calculation method is as follows:
- If the corresponding downlink timeslot of the first uplink transmission timeslot
has sent the TPC command, TPC_cmdgap equals to the TPC_cmd obtained at this
timeslot.
- Otherwise, TPC_cmdgap equals to 0.
If last equals to the value of the last I calculated, i will be substituted according
to the following recursion relation:
i 0.9375 i 1 0.96875TPC _ cmd i TPC k sc

i 1 i
This process is implemented in all timeslots where uplink DPCCH and downlink
TPC commands exist at the same time. It is also implemented in the first timeslot (If
there is downlink command under this timeslot) of the uplink transmission gap.
Where, TPC_cmdi is the power control command deduced at the current timeslot
for the UE. If the previous timeslot is as described in 5.1.2.6 of TS25.214, and an
additional proportion factor is adopted for the current timeslot, K sc =0; otherwise
K sc =1.
i-1 is the i value obtained at the previous timeslot. When the uplink DPCCH is
active, its initial value is 0, and it is reset to zero at the end of the first timeslot after
each uplink and downlink transmission gap. i is reset to zero at the end of the first
timeslot after each uplink transmission gap.
The period from an uplink or downlink transmission gap till the uplink/ downlink
DPCCH resumes transmission is called recovery period. The length of the recovery
period RPL, in units of timeslots, and its value is equal to min {transmission gap
length, 7}. If the next transmission gap starts before RPL timeslots, the recovery
period ends when the next transmission gap starts, and RPL value will decrease
accordingly.
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During the recovery period, there are two modes for the power control algorithms
(RPP). The signaling determines which mode will be adopted. These modes are list in
the following table.
Table 3 Recovery period power control under the compressed mode
Power Control Mode during
Description
Recovery Period
0
The transmission power control algorithm to be used is determined based

on the PCA value, and the adjustment step is TPC.
Power control Algorithm 1 is used for RPL timeslots after each transmission
gap, and the step is RP-TPC.
When RPP is 0, the adjustment step of the entire recovery period remains
unchanged, the normal transmission power control is adopted, and TPC command
processing algorithm is determined by PCA.
When RPP is 1, whatever the PCA value is, algorithm 1 is adopted for power
control of all RPL timeslots after each transmission gap, and the adjustment step is
RP-TPC, instead of TPC. In the recovery period timeslots after the transmission gap
(except the first timeslot after the transmission gap), the change of the uplink DPCCH
transmission power is given by the following formula:
DPCCH = RP-TPC TPC_cmd + PILOT
Where, RP-TPC is called recovery period power control step, in the unit of dB, and
its value is:
- If PCA is 1, RP-TPC = min {2TPCdB};
- If PCA is 2, RP-TPC = 1dB.
After the recovery period, the normal power control is recovered. PCA
determines which algorithm should be used, and the power adjustment step is TPC.
When PCA is 2, the timeslot set for TPC command processing remains aligned
with the frame header of the compressed frames. No matter the RPP value is 0 or 1, if
the transmission gap or the recovery period causes failure of TPC command
processing, the TPC_CMD values of the timeslots which have not completed
commands processing will all be 0.
Under the compressed mode, the setting method of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH
power difference is as follows:
The gain factor of corresponding to a certain TFC in the compressed frame can
be obtained through calculation of the power ratios corresponding to this TFC in the
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normal frame. Suppose that Aj is the power ratio corresponding to the jth TFC in the
normal frame, c,C,j and d,C,j are the gain factors corresponding to this TFC in the
compressed frame. AC,j can be obtained through the following formula:
A C,j
d,j
c,j
15
N pilot,C
N slots,C
N pilot,N
Where, Npilot,C is the number of pilot bits contained in each timeslot in the
compressed frame, Npilot,N is the number of pilot bits contained in each timeslot in the
normal frame and Nslots,C is the number of timeslots contained in the compressed
frame that is used to send data.
The gain factor corresponding to the jth TFC in the compressed frame can be
obtained as follows:
-
If Aj 1, it will result that d,C,j 1.0. Use the maximum value of the quantized
with which c,C,j can satisfy the condition of c,C,j 1/A C,j . Since c,C,j cannot be 0,
if the above-mentioned approximation causes c,C,j to be 0, make c,C,j be equal to
one-fifth of the minimum quantized level (refer to TS 25.213).
-
If Aj 1, it will result that c,C,j 1.0, then take the minimum value of the
quantized with which d,C,j can satisfy the condition of d,C,j A C,j .
Returning
2.2.4
Power Control of Downlink Private Channel DPCH
2.2.4.1
Basic process of downlink power control

The basic flow of the downlink power control is shown in the following diagram,
which involves only inner loop power control. Outer loop power control is
implemented inside the UE, and it is the same as uplink outer loop power control in
theory, but there is no description about it in 25 Series Protocol.
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Note: The power of the upper layer is the sum of powers of all diversities. For
instance, if there are totally two transmission antennae, the transmission power of the
upper layer configuration is the sum of the transmission powers of the two
transmission antennae.
NodeB
UE
4. Determine the transmit power

of the control channel and data
channel according to the preset
power gain ratio and the
specified max. and min. output
powers.
3. Calculate the power of the

current timeslot P(k) according to
TPC Command and the power of
the previous timeslot P(k-1)
Downlink DPCH
(Controlled)
Uplink DPCCH
(Controlling)
1. Calculate the signalinterference ratio of the received

signal (SIREST)
2. Compare SIREST and

SIRTARGET to obtain the value of
TPC Command
Figure 7 Power control process of downlink dedicated channel

2.2.4.2
Calculation of the power of the current timeslot

After estimating the k:th TPC command, UTRAN shall adjust the current
downlink power P(k-1) [dB] to a new power P(k) [dB] according to the following
formula:
Pk Pk 1 PTPC k Pbal k
Where, P (k-1) is the power of the previous timeslot, PTPC (k) is the adjusted value of
inner loop power control and Pbal (k) is the correction value.
The calculation of PTPC (k) is as follows:
If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is 'Not used', then:
if TPCest (k ) 1

PT P C(k ) T P C
T P C if TPCest (k ) 0
If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is 'Used':
TPC
PTPC (k ) 0

TPC
if TPCest (k ) 1 and sum (k ) TPC Power_Raise_Limit

if TPCest (k ) 1 and sum (k ) TPC Power_Raise_Limit
if TPCest (k ) 0
Where,
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k 1
(i)
TPC
i k DL _ Power _ Averaging_ Window_ Size1
Thus the power increase can be controlled to a certain extent.

Where, the values of Power_Raise_Limit and DL_power_averaging_window_size are
set by RNC through NBAP protocol when the cell is set up. They are uniform in the whole
cell. The value of TPC is set through IE FDD TPC DL Step Size. Power_Raise_Limit is
the
upper
limit
of
power
increase
within
the
specified
time.
DL_power_averaging_window_size specifies the number of timeslots during this time.

The calculation of P bal k is described in 8.3.7.2 of 25.433 and the following
section Downlink Power Control Balance
Returning
2.2.4.3
Downlink Power Balance

Downlink power balance (DPB) is mainly to resist the power offset between different
downlink radio links caused by TPC bit errors during soft handover, and the power offset will
be more serious when the downlink uses fast power control. When downlink power balance
is enabled, SRNC can request all NodeBs in the active set to transmit the same power or to
keep a certain deviation between them, so as to ensure the power balance between the
downlink radio links in the active set.
For convenience of description, the adjustment formula of the downlink power control is
repeated below:
Pk Pk 1 PTPC k Pbal k
Where, Pbal (k) [dB] is the correction implemented to balance the power of each
downlink radio link to a common reference power value.
The protocol has the following limits for P bal k:
bal
(1 r )( Pref PP CPICH Pinit )
Pbal
with an accuracy of 0.5 Db
is the sum of all P bal k values in an adjustment period, and P bal k is
the balance correction value at a certain timeslot. The adjustment period length is given by IE
Adjustment Period, in the unit of frame. The value range is 1 to 256 (namely the time is
10ms to 2560ms) and the specific value is set by RNC through NBAP protocol.
- The value of r is given by IE Adjustment Ratio.
- P-CPICH is the transmission power of the main CPICH channel.
- Pinit is the power at the last timeslot of the previous adjustment period.
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- The value of Pref is defined as follows:

-- When the value of IE Power Adjustment Type is Common, there is only one
Pref, and the value of Pref is the value in IE DL Reference Power (Common). NodeB will
adjust the power of all the radio links relative to IE NodeB Communication Context.
-- When the value of IE Power Adjustment Type is Individual, there is an
individual Pref for each radio link. In the messages, different RL IDs correspond to different
DL Reference Powers.
-- When the value of IE Power Adjustment Type is None, all radio links
relative to this UE will stop power adjustment. Within an adjustment period, the adjustment
range should not exceed the value given by IE Max Adjustment Step (maximum DPB
adjustment step), and should be limited by the maximum downlink transmission power.
When downlink power balance is enabled, in the report by the UE of power
measurement of each downlink radio link in the active set, suppose that the power
corresponding to the radio link set with maximum power is Pmax and the power
corresponding to the radio link set with minimum power is Pmin, then the downlink
power balance process will be activated when the following condition is satisfied:
P max P min StartDPBTh

The power balance process will stop when the following condition is satisfied:
P max P min StopDPBTh

Where, StartDPBTh is the threshold that triggers the DPB process, and
StopDPBTh is the threshold that stops the DPB process.
The reference downlink power Pref is obtained through the following formula:
Pr ef
a
a
( P max PCPICH max ) (1
) ( P min PCPICH min )
100
100
Where, PCPICHmax is the PCPICH power corresponding to Pmac, PCPICHmin

is the PCPICH power corresponding to Pmin, and is the maximum power ratio of
the OMC parameter of the RNC maintenance console.
Returning
2.2.4.4
Power Control in Compressed Mode

The purpose of the downlink power control in the compressed mode is to recover
the SIR after the transmission gap to the target SIR.
In the compressed mode, the UE behaves the same as in the normal mode.
In the compressed mode, it is likely that compressed frames occur in either the
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uplink or downlink, or occur in both the uplink and downlink at the same time. In the
transmission gap of the compressed frames, both the downlink DPDCH and DPCCH
stop transmission.
The transmission power of the first timeslot after the DPCCH transmission gap is
equal to the power of that timeslot before that transmission gap.
In the compressed mode, for each timeslot except the downlink transmission gap,
UTRAN will estimate the Kth TPC command according to the following formula and
will adjust the current downlink power P (k-1) to a new power P (k):
P (k) = P (k - 1) + PTPC (k) + PSIR (k) + Pbal (k)
Where, PTPC (k) is the adjustment size of the kth power in the inner loop power
control process, PSIR (k) is the adjustment size caused by the change of the downlink
target SIR, and Pbal (k) [dB] is the correction value obtained according to the downlink
power control process after the radio link power is balanced to a common reference
power. For the power balance and control processes, refer to the description in TS
25.433. An example of Pbal (k) calculation is given in Appendix B.3 in TS25.214.
Since the transmission gap exists in the uplink compressed frame, the uplink is
lack of TPC commands. If no TPC command has been received, set the PTPC (k)
educed by NodeB to 0. Otherwise, the PTPC (k) is calculated by means of the
calculation method for the normal mode, but STEP is used instead of TPC.
For the RPL timeslots after transmission gap, the power control step STEP =
RP-TPC;
in other cases,STEP=TPC. Where,
- RPL is the recovery period length, expressed in timeslot.

- RP-TPCis the recovery period power control step, expressed in dB, equal to
min {3dB, 2TPC}.
The power difference PSIR (k) = Pcurr - Pprev, where, Pcurr is the P of the
current timeslot, and Pprev isthe P of the previous timeslot. The calculation process
of P is as follows:
P = max (P1_compression, ..., Pn_compression) + P1_coding +
P2_coding
Where, n isthe number of TTIs with different lengths in all TrCHs included in
CCTrch. P1_coding and P2_coding are obtained through DeltaSIR1, DeltaSIR2,
DeltaSIRafter1 and DeltaSIRafter2 notified by the upper layer.
- P1_coding=DeltaSIR1, the first transmission gap in the transmission gap
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- P1_coding=DeltaSIRafter1, the current uplink frame is located after the
corresponding radio frame of the first transmission gap in the transmission gap mode;
- P2_coding=DeltaSIR2, the second transmission gap in the transmission gap
- P2_coding=DeltaSIRafter2, the current uplink frame is located after the
corresponding radio frame of the second transmission gap in the transmission gap
mode;
- P1_coding, P2_coding is 0, other cases.
Pi_compression is defined as follows:
-Pi_compression=3dB, the downlink compressed frame with half of the
spreading factors;
-Pi_compression=10log(15*Fi-TGLi)), in the radio frame TTI with the current
length of Fi, the transmission gap formed by means of perforation, and TGLi is the
gap length.
-Pi_compression=0, other cases.
If multiple compressed modes are adopted, calculate the P in each compressed mode,
and accumulate them.
Returning
2.2.5
Power Configuration of Other Channels
2.2.5.1
Channels with power configured at the beginning of cell setup

The following parameters are included in the message CELL SETUP
REQUEST.
Table 4 Channels with power configured during cell setup
Channel
Parameter
Parameter value
Description
Primary CPICH
Primary CPICH power
Enumerated (-10, ..,

50) Granularity 0.1 dB
Primary SCH
Primary SCH Power
Secondary SCH
Secondary
power
Secondary
Power
BCH Power
Enumerated(-35..+15d
B)Step 0.1dB
B)Step 0.1dB
B)Step 0.1dB
The reference point is

the
antenna
connector.
Power offset relative to
P-CPICH
P-CPICH
P-CPICH
Secondary CPICH
Primary CCPCH
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B)Step 0.1dB
2.2.5.2
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P-CPICH
Channels with power configured during common channel configuration

The following parameters can be configured with the message COMMON
TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP REQUEST and the message COMMON
TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST.
Table 5 Channels with power configured during common channel configuration
Channel
Parameter
Power Offset
Information
Parameter value
PO1
PO3
SCCPCH
Max FACH Power
PCH Power
PICH
PICH Power
AICH
AICH Power
CSICH
CSICH Power
AP-AICH
AP-AICH Power
CD/CA-ICH
2.2.6
CD/CA-ICH Power
INTEGER (0...24)Step 0.25

dB, range 0-6 dB
INTEGER (0...24)Step 0.25
dB, range 0-6 dB
Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step
0.1dB
Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step
0.1dB
Enumerated(-10..+5dB)
Integer(-22..+5)Offset in dB
Description
Power offset of TFCI
Power offset of PILOT
P-CPICH
P-CPICH
P-CPICH
P-CPICH
The same type with
AICH
The same type with
AICH
The same type with
AICH
Synchronization and Out-of-sync Processes

Synchronization and out-of-sync are closely related to power control. The quality
information used for outer loop power control and the TPC mode adopted for inner
loop power control are related to the current state of synchronization. Therefore, the
synchronization process will be described here.
2.2.6.1
Initial synchronization and out-of-sync process of the downlink

The UE physical layer will measure the synchronization state of the downlink dedicated
channel at each radio frame, and report to the upper layer by means of the primitives
CPHY-Sync-IND and CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND.
Judgment criterion of synchronization and out-of-sync
The criterion for reporting synchronization sate is defined as two different stages.
The first stage begins with the physical dedicated channel initialization by the
upper layer and ends 160ms after the upper layer deems that the downlink dedicated
channel has been set up. During this stage, out-of-sync will not be reported. If the
following criterion is met, synchronization will be reported in the primitive
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CPHY-Sync-IND.
(1) The UE estimates within the previous 40ms cycle that the DPCCH quality is
better than a threshold Qin. Before the DPCCH quality measured value of 40ms cycle
has been received, the criterion is considered not met.
The second stage begins 160ms after the upper layer deems that the downlink
dedicated channel has been set up. During this stage, synchronization and
out-of-sync will be reported as follows.
If either of the following conditions is met, the UE will report out-of-sync by
means of the primitive CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND:
(1) The DPCCH signal quality at the previous 160ms is smaller than a threshold
Qout.
(2) In the 20 transmission blocks of TrCH recently received adopting non-zero length
CRCs, all CRCs are incorrect. In addition, during the previous 160ms, the CRC checks of all
the transmission blocks adopting non-zero length CRCs are incorrect. In this case, this
condition is considered to be met. If TFCI is not adopted, for the transmission channels not
using boot test (if non-zero length CCRC is not used in any TF of the transmission channels),
this criterion is not used (that is, out-of-sync will not be reported). If transmission blocks with
non-zero length CRCs have not been received within the previous 160ms, the out-of-sync
primitive will not be reported.
Once the UE judges that the out-of-sync criterion is met, it will switch off the
transmitter within 40ms to stop signal transmission. Reason: If the downlink is out of sync,
the uplink timing relation cannot be identified; in this case, if the uplink goes on transmitting
signals, the only result is increase of network interference, and NodeB may fail to receive the
uplink DPCH channel properly.
If both of the following conditions are met at the same time, the UE will report
synchronization by means of the primitive CPHY-Sync-IND:
(1) The DPCCH signal quality at the previous 160ms is greater than a threshold
Qin. Qin is defined in [2].
(2) In a TTI that ends at the current frame, at least one transmission block attached with
non-zero length CRC has received the correct CRC; or not transmission block has been
received, or no transmission block is attached with non-zero length CRC in a TTI of that ends
at the current frame, or at one transmission block attached with non-zero length CRC has
received the correct CRC within the previous 160ms. In these cases, this condition is
considered to be met. If TFCI is not used, this criterion will not apply to transmission
channels not using boot test (If non-zero length CCRC is not used in any TFCI of the
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transmission channels).
Once the UE deems that synchronization criterion is met, it will switch on the
transmitter within 40ms to transmit signals again.
2.2.6.1.1 Downlink synchronization and out-of-sync
In the downlink message RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP received by the UE,
there is a parameter activation time. This parameter is used to notify the RRC layer
of the UE when to set up the downlink dedicated physical channel at Layer 1 of the
UE. After the UE has received RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP, the RRC layer of the
UE will inform Layer 1 of the UE at the time specified by this parameter to set up the
downlink dedicated physical channel. After the downlink dedicated physical channel
setup is initialized by the UE, the UE starts a timer T312. Meanwhile, Layer 1 of the
UE starts the downlink synchronization and reports the synchronization primitive to
the RRC layer of the UE. When the RRC layer of the UE receives N312 successive
synchronization primitives and T312 does not expire, it is considered that downlink is
synchronized; otherwise it is considered that the downlink is not synchronized.
According to the principle of setting up dedicated physical channel specified in
Protocol 25.331, it is considered that the downlink dedicated physical channel has
been set up only when the RRC layer of the UE deems that the downlink has been
synchronized. Then the UE notifies Layer 1 to start a timer, counting 160ms. Within
this period of time, L1 can only report the synchronization primitive and cannot report
the out-of-sync primitive (For the judgment criterion of synchronization during this
time, refer to the following Criterion 1). L1 of the UE can report the synchronization
primitive or the out-of-sync primitive according to the method specified in Protocol
25.214 only 160ms after the dedicated physical channel is set up (Refer to Criterion 2
described above).
After the initial synchronization, the UE will perform synchronization/out-of-sync
judgment according to the criterion provided in Protocol 25.214. Here, the flowing
three timers, T313, N313 and N315 will be used again. When the UE upper layer
detects N313 successive Out of sync indications from L1, it will start T313. During
the timing process, if the UE detects N315 successive in sync indications from L1, it
will stop and clear this timer. Otherwise, the timer will expire, and the upper layer will
deem that the downlink radio link is out of sync.
2.2.6.2
Uplink initial synchronization and out-of-sync process

The uplink synchronization/out-of-sync is judged by NodeB. It is required to
detect the synchronization state of the entire uplink radio link set on each radio frame.
There is only one synchronization state for each radio link set. In NodeB, each radio
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link set can migrates between the three states: initial state, in-sync state and
out-of-sync state, as shown in the following diagram:
Initial
state
RL Restore
RL Failure
In-sync
state
Out-of-sync
state
RL Restore
Figure 8 NodeB radio link set states conversion diagram
No specific judgment criterion is directly given in the protocol, which only

recommends that judgment can be carried out based on DPCCH quality estimation or
CRC check.
After the network side receives the Uu interface signaling message
RRC_CONNECTION_REUQEST from the UE, it will ask NodeB through the Iub
interface signaling to set up a 3.4K dedicated channel and switch on the
receiver/transmitter. When NodeB sends RL Setup Response, the uplink dedicated
channel setup is completed. Then, NodeB switches on the receiver and keeps
searching dedicated channel. At this time, the UE transmitter has not been switched
on yet (because NodeB downlink does not switch on the transmitter until DCH FP is
synchronized). After the UE obtains the downlink synchronization according to the
downlink initial synchronization process described in the previous section, it switches
on the transmitter after a 1024-chip delay. NodeB judges the frame quality based on
the uplink DPCCH every 10 ms, and conducts average value statistics on the frame
quality result in continuous 40ms. If it is greater than the synchronization threshold
Qin, it is considered that In sync occurs once. When N_INSYNC_IND successive in
sync indications are detected, it is considered that the uplink dedicated channel is in
synchronization state. It will reports Radio_Link_Restore to RNC so as to indicate
that the physical layer uplink is in synchronization.
For the in-sync/out-of-sync judgment criterion after synchronization, refer to
2.2.6.1.1. Namely, if the average value of the statistics of the frame quality results
within 160ms from then on (it can be understood as that the window size is 160ms
and the window slides one frame afterward every 10ms) is smaller than the
out-of-sync threshold Qout, it is considered that out of sync occurs once. When the
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UE detects N_OUTSYNC_IND successive out of sync indications, it will switch off

the timer. Otherwise, the timer will expire to report Radio_Link_Failure to RNC to
indicate uplink out-of-sync of the physical layer. After the physical layer receives the
out-of-sync message, it will start another timer to wait for physical layer
synchronization. The judgment process of physical layer synchronization is as follows:
If the UE detects N_INSYNC_IND successive in sync indications, it will report
Radio_Link_Restore to RNC so as to indicate that the physical layer is in
synchronization. Then RNC will stop the timer. If the timer expires, RNC will initiate
the link deletion process.
2.2.6.3
Parameters involved in synchronization and out-of-sync
2.2.6.3.1 Synchronization and out-of-sync thresholds

Qin and Qout are the comparison thresholds set for monitoring synchronization.
Qin and Qout are defined in [7] for monitoring downlink synchronization at the UE side.
The shreshold Qout corresponds to a DPCCH quality level. At this quality level, the
TPC command words sent on the downlink DPCCH cannot be received reliably. The
shreshold Qin corresponds to a DPCCH quality level. At this quality level, the TPC
command sent on the downlink DPCCH can be received much more reliably than at
the Qout level.
2.2.6.3.2 T312, N312, T313, N313 and N315
T312: Timer, started when the UE begins to set up dedicated channel, and stopped after
the UE detects N312 successive synchronization reports;
T313: Timer, started after the UE detects N313 successive out-of-sync reports, and
stopped after the UE detects N315 successive synchronization reports;
N312: Maximum times that RRC layer receives the synchronization reports from Layer
1;
N313: Maximum times that RRC layer receives the out-of-sync reports from Layer 1;
N315: Maximum times that RRC layer receives the synchronization reports from Layer
1 when the Timer T313 is activated.
All the parameters above are sent by UTRAN to the UE through SIB1 of BCH.
2.2.6.3.3 T_RLFAILURE, N_OUTSYNC_IND and N_INSYNC_IND
T_RLFAILURE: Timer, started after NodeB detects N_OUTSYNC_IND successive
out-of-sync indications, and stopped after NodeB receives N_INSYNC_IND successive
in-sync indications.
N_INSYNC_IND: Defines the number of successive in-sync indications received by
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NodeB, after which RL Restore is started;

N_OUTSYNC_IND: Maximum times of the out-of-sync indication reports before the
Timer T_RLFAILURE is started.
The parameters above are delivered to NodeB by means of the signaling message CELL
SETUP REQUEST during NodeB cell setup process.
Power Management Parameters

There are many RRM power management parameters, which exist in multiple IEs of
multiple protocols such as 25.331, 25.423 and 25.433, and involve multiple signaling systems.
For network planning, many parameters should not be modified. In this document, these
parameters are summarized in two tables according to whether modifications are
recommended by the network planning engineers. For parameters not suitable to be adjusted,
the corresponding configuration and operation will not be presented herein.
In following two parameter tables, according to the influence on the uplinks and
downlinks and according to their processing entity (NodeB or the UE), the parameters will be
classified as UE power management parameters and NodeB power management parameters.
Generally, the UE power management parameters are all sent to the UE through the air
interface by UTRAN. After the UE receives these parameters, it can perform uplink power
control according to the commands in these parameters. NodeB power management
parameters are sent to NodeB through the lub interface by the RRM module of the RNC.
According to these parameters, NodeB performs downlink power control.
Table 6 Power management parameters (modifiable to network planning engineers)

No.
Parameter
MML
Whether
commands for To be
modification and confirmed
query
or modified
UE Power Management Parameters
Power offset Power offset of the last Signaling format -3dB, Set through ADD Co
Pp-m
PRACHTFC.
To
access preamble and Service format -2dB
modify
this
message control part. The
parameter, the only
power of the control part is
way is to delete this
the
access
preamble
PRACH first, and
power plus this value.
then re-configure it.
Constant
Set through ADD Yes
It
is
the
correction -23dB
value
PRACHTFC.
To
constant used for the UE
modify
this
to estimate the initial
parameter, the only
transmission power of
way is to delete this
PRACH according to the
PRACH first, and
outer loop power.
then re-configure it
PRACH
The same as above. Yes
the preamble power ramp 2dB
Power Ramp step
before the UE
Step
receives NodeB capture
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Description
Parameter
configuration
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indication
The maximum preamble 20
repeat times of the UE
within a preamble ramp
cycle
Preamble
Retrans Max
DPCCH
Power offset
PC Preamble
Downlink
Power
Balance
Switch
Specifies whether to enable Active

downlink power balance.
Maximum
Uplink SIR
The maximum target

value of the uplink
Minimum
Uplink SIR
The minimum target SIR value

of the uplink
Maximum DL The maximum transmission

Tx Power
power of DPDCH symbol,
expressed in a value relative to
CPICH.
Minimum DL The maximum transmission
Tx Power
power level of DPDCH symbol,
expressed in a value relative to
CPICH.
This parameter is used to

calculate
the
initial
transmission power of the
uplink DPCH.
This parameter defines the
lasting time in sending DPCCH
before sending the DPDCH.
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The same as above. Yes
Refer to DPCCH Power Set through SET Yes

offset
setting
and FRC, and query
Appendix
through LST FRC.
The configuration is 7
frames;
for
detailed
information, refer to PC
Preamble setting
Set through ADD Co

CELLCAC,
and
modify
through
MOD CELLCAC.
NodeB Power Management Parameter
SIR
Modify through SET Yes

CORRMALGOSWIT
CH command, and
query through LST
CORRMALGOSWIT
CH command.
Add 3dB to the
Modify
through Yes
corresponding target SIR MOD
value of the target BLER TYPRABOLPC, and
value of a service as the modification is not
maximum target SIR
supported in B02.
value. Refer to Maximum
Uplink SIR Setting
Minimum
target
SIR The same as above. Yes
value is recommended as
-7.3dB, Refer to Minimum
Uplink SIR Setting
Refer to Maximum DL Tx Query through LST Yes
Power Setting
CELLRLPWR, and
modify
through
MOD CELLRLPWR.
Refer to Minimum DL Tx The same as above. Yes
Power Setting
Others
1
2
3
SIR
Adjust The adjustment period of the 40 means 400ms.
Period
outer loop power control
Query through LST Yes

OLPC/*LST
TYPRAB,
and
modify through SET
OLPC/*MOD
TYPRABOLPC
command.
SIR
The adjustment step of the 0.1dB; for services with The same as above. Yes
AdjustStep
outer loop power control
BLER=0.1%, 0.2%, it is
0.01dB.
MaxSirStepUp The maximum SIR stepup
Refer to Table 10
TYPRAB,
and
modify
through
MOD
TYPRABRLC/*MOD
TYPRABOLPC.
MaxSirStepDo the maximum SIR stepdown
0.2dB
wn
OLPC/*LST
TYPRAB,
and
modify through SET
OLPC/*MOD
TYPRABOLPC.
BLERTarget
BLER target value of service
Refer to Table 10
TYPRAB,
and
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modify
through
MOD
TYPRABRLC/*MOD
TYPRABOLPC.
1. For items of which the Whether to be confirmed or modified column is filled with
Co, it is recommended to confirm the setting by comparing with the default value, but it is
not recommended to modify the concerned parameter according to values other than the
default value.
2. The default RNC version corresponding to the MML commands in the table is
V100R002B02D408, and the symbol * means that the command is supported in B03D004,
but not supported in B02.
Table 7 Power management parameters (modification by network planning engineers is not

recommended)
Serial
No.
1
Parameter
Description
UE power management parameters

c, d, Reference c is the gain value of the control parts Refer to Table 8
TFC ID
of UL DPCCH, PRACH and PCPCH.
2
3
4
5
Parameter configuration
is the gain value of UL DPDCH, PRACH

and PCPCH.
This parameter defines the PRACH 32
Preamble
preamble test threshold. When the ratio of
Threshold
the preamble power received within the
preamble cycle to the interference level is
greater than this threshold, the preamble
can be identified.
This parameter defines the lasting time of The configuration is 7 frames.
SRB Delay
signaling transmission before data is sent. For details, refer to SRB
Delay setting
Power
Control This parameter is used to inform the UE in The configuration is algorithm
what a way to translate the received TPC 1. For details, refer to Power
Algorithm
commands.
Control Algorithm setting
This parameter defines the power control The configuration is 1dB for
TPC Step Size
step when uplink DPCH is performing detail, refer to TPC Step Size
close loop power control.
setting
This parameter defines the mode of The configuration is Single
DPC Mode
downlink power control. When the value is TPC, refer to DPC Mode
single TPC, it means to use power control setting
mode 0, DPC_Mode=0; and when the
value is TPC triple in soft, it means to use
the mode 1, DPC_Mode=1.
Maximum Allowed The maximum allowed transmission The configuration of DCH is
power of UE in a certain cell.
21dBm, and the configuration
UL Tx Power
of PRACH is 23dBm. For
details, refer to Maximum
Allowed UL Tx Power setting
and Appendix
NodeB Power Management Parameters
2
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DL TPC pattern 01 RL initialization, the transmission times of 10

count
downlink TPC commands with the (0,1)
mode when NodeB has not received
uplink synchronization,
PO1
This parameter defines the power offset of According to the field test
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TFCI bit in downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
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result, the configuration is
0dB. For details, refer to PO1
setting
According to the field test
3dB.
According to the field test
3dB.
The configuration is 1dB. For
details, refer to FDD TPC DL
StepSize setting
Used. For details, refer to
Limited
Power
Increase
setting
3dB, refer to
Power_Raise_Limit setting
PO2
This parameter defines the power offset of

TPC bit in downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
PO3
This parameter defines the power offset of

PILOT bit in downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
FDD
TPC
StepSize
Limited
Increase
This parameter can not be exceeded by

the downlink transmission power increase
within
a
certain
cycle
(DL_Power_averaging_window_size,
expressed in timeslot)
DL_Power_averagin Calculate the downlink transmission 30 timeslots, refer to
power increase within the time range Power_Raise_Limit setting
g_window_size
defined by this parameter.
and DL_ Power_ averaging_
window _size setting
Inner Loop DL PC Disable or activate the downlink inner loop Active
power control
Status
DL Downlink power adjustment step

Power Whether the power increase is limited
Power_Raise_Limit
to
Initial
DL
Initial
DL Transmission power of DPDCH to Refer
PCPICH
transmission
Powers
setting
transmission
Powers
It is used to adjust target SIR value of Refer to UL SIR Targets
UL SIR Targets
10
11
inner loop power control.
setting
CPICH It is used to identify the transmission 33dBm,
refer to Primary
power of the Primary CPICH of a cell. The CPICH Power setting
reference point is the antenna connector.
12
Primary
Power
1
2
SIR Adjust Factor

Qin
SIR adjustment factor

Synchronization threshold
Qout
Out-of-sync threshold
Others
1
Tpc1Qin: -1dB
Tpc2Qin: -2dB
Tpc1Qout: -3.5dB
Tpc2Qout: -4dB
Note:
UE Power Management Parameter
3.1
3.1.1
Power Offset Pp-m
1) Parameter expression
Integer (-5..10) B
2) Parameter meaning
The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This value plus the
access preamble power is the power of the control part.
3) Parameter source
COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP REQUEST at the Uu interface, and in the Uu
air interface signaling, the gain factor is contained in the configuration item Power offset
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Information.
4) Parameter setting and adjustment
According to the field test results, the configuration is -3dB for the signaling transmission;
-2dB for service transmission;
5) Influence on network planning
If this parameter is set too small, signaling and services borne over RACH may not be
received by UTRAN normally, and this will influence the uplink coverage. If it is set too big,
there will be greater uplink interference and smaller uplink capacity.
6) Specific power control protocol involved
Returning
3.1.2
Constant Value
Integer (-35..-10), step 1 dB
This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the initial transmission
power of PRACH according to the open loop power.
3) Parameter source
In the PRACH system information list IE at the Uu air interface that contains SIB5 and SIB6.
The default configuration is -23dB.
This parameter is used for the UE to estimate the initial transmission power of PRACH
according to the open loop power; the calculation formula is as follows:
Preamble_Initial_Power = DL_Path_Loss + UL_interference + Constant_Value
Where, Preamble_Initial_Power is the initial transmission power of the UE; DL_Path_Loss is
the downlink path loss, which is in the background record of the UE test equipment;
UL_interference is the uplink interference, which is the value obtained by the UE from the
broadcast channel. It is calculated at the network side and broadcast to the UE, and it is in
the UE test background record; and Constant_Value is the value obtained by the UE from the
broadcasting channel.
If this value is too big, the initial transmission power will be too big, but the access process
will become shorter; if it is too small, the access power will meet the requirements well, but
the preamble will have to ramp for many times, and thus the access process will become
longer.
Returning
3.1.3
PRACH Power Ramp Step
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Integer (1..8), step in 1dB
This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not received the
capture indication from NodeB.
3) Parameter source
In PRACH system information list IE of SIB5 and SIB6 at the Uu air interface.
The default configuration is 2.
If this value is set too big, the access process will become shorter, but there may be more
power waste; if it is set too small, the access process will become longer, but the power will
be saved. This is a value that should be set rationally.
Returning
3.1.4
Preamble Retrans Max
Integer (1..64), step in 1
This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE within a preamble
ramp cycle.
3) Parameter source
The product of this parameter and the above-mentioned PRACH Power Ramp Step
determines the maximum ramp power of the UE within a preamble ramp cycle.
If this parameter is set too small, the preamble power may fail to reach the required value,
and the UE may fail in access.
Returning
3.1.5
Preamble Threshold
Integer (0..72), step of 0.5, corresponding value range: (-36..0).
This parameter defines the PRACH preamble detection threshold. The preamble will not be
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confirmed unless the ratio of the preamble power received within the preamble cycle to the
interference level is greater than this threshold,
3) Parameter source
This parameter determines the random access demodulation quality and the UE access
success rate. It is related to the access distance (access channel coverage radius 2) and
the different NodeB configurations (four-antenna diversity mode, OTSR mode).
If this parameter is too small, it will lead to the judgment error of the random access preamble
signal, false alarms will be increased, and the demodulation quality of the random access
signal will be reduced; but if it is too big, access will becomes more difficult, the capture
probability will be reduced, and the radio resources will be caused idle.
Returning
3.1.6
DPCCH Power Offset (MP)
Integer (-164,..-6), by step of 2 dB.
This parameter is used to calculate the initial transmission power of the uplink DPCH.
3) Parameter source
The uplink DPCH power control message of the Uu interface. It is contained in the Uplink
DPCH Power Control Info configuration item messages.
This parameter is related to PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER
ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE,
TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMMAND,
RRC CONNECTION SETUP and CELL UPDATE CONFIRM.
The formula is given in the protocol 25.331 as follows:
DPCCH_Initial_power=DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP, where, CPICH_RSCP is
obtained through the UE measurement.
Compare this formula with the following formula in the protocol 25.331 used to identify the
PRACH or PCPCH preamble initial transmission power:
Preamble_initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX Power CPICH RSCP+UL Interference +
Constant Value, where, Primary CPICH DL TX Power (SIB5) and UL Interference (SIB 7) are
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broadcast in the system messages.

It can be found that DPCCH_Power_offset is equivalent to Primary CPICH DL TX Power +
UL Interference + Constant Value. The difference is that the Constant Value should be the
target Ec/N0_Target of the DPCCH preamble. As the step of DPCCH_Power_offset is 2dB,
the accuracy requirement of Ec/N0_Traget is not very strict, but because of the requirement
of the uplink synchronization, the configuration can be bigger. The cell Received Total Wide
band Power is contained in the signaling messages RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE,
RADIO LINK SET UP FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE and RADIO LINK
ADDITION FAILURE of the lub interface and informed to CRNC. It can be used to identify
the uplink interference (UL Interference).
For the corresponding calculation table, refer to the Appendix.
If this parameter is set too small, the uplink synchronization failure may occur at the cell
verge at the time of the initial link setup, which will influence the uplink coverage. If it is set
too big, it will impose interference on uplink receiving and influence on the uplink capacity.
Returning
3.1.7
PC Preamble (MP)
Integer (0..7), number of frames.
This parameter defines the lasting time for transmitting DPCCH before DPCCH transmits
DPDCH.
3) Parameter source
The uplink DPCH power control message at the Uu interface. It is contained in Uplink DPCH
Power Control Info configuration item messages.
The configuration is 7 frames. (Presently, the default configuration in RNC is 0, because NEC
UE probably cannot support the configuration of 7. However, the UE of Beijing Institute of
Huawei can support, so whether the configuration is 0 or 7 depends on the actual conditions
of the test site.)
The signaling messages related to PC Preamble include PHYSICAL CHANNEL
RECONFIGURATION,
RADIO
BEARER
ESTABLISHMENT,
RECONFIGURATION,
RADIO
BEARER
RELEASE,
RADIO
TRANSPORT
BEARER
CHANNEL
RECONFIGURATION, HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMMAND, RRC CONNECTION SETUP

and CELL UPDATE CONFIRM.
This parameter is originally used for the uplink and downlink power control convergence to
prevent the UE from using uncontrollable power at the beginning. Subsequently, some
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relevant propositions hold that after the UE starts DPCCH transmission, it will take NodeB
some time to search this uplink signal. This delay depends on the searching accomplishment
and propagation delay. It will be of no use starting the uplink DPDCH transmission process
until this process is completed, as data cannot be received correctly at this moment, and data
may even be lost; or if it is in a confirmation mode, retransmission may cause more serious
data delay.
During the preamble period, only power control algorithm 1 can be used. Because this
parameter is closely related to the initial transmission power of DPCCH, the initial target
signal-to-interference ratio, power control algorithm and the searching energy of NodeB,
appropriate adjustment should be made according to the actual conditions.
Data loss and retransmission delay due to improper configuration of this parameter may
impose influence on the service rate and transmission delay.
Returning
3.1.8
SRB Delay (MP)
Integer (0..7), the frame number
This parameter defines the delay time of signaling transmission after PC preamble.
3) Parameter source
The uplink DPCH power control message at the Uu interface, contained in Uplink DPCH
Power Control Info configuration item messages.
The configuration is 7 frames.
The signaling messages related to SRB Delay include PHYSICAL CHANNEL
RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO BEARER
RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE, TRANSPORT CHANNEL
and CELL UPDATE CONFIRM. The relevant significance is familiar to 2.4 PC Preamble.
Returning
3.1.9
Gain Factors c and d , Reference TFC ID
INTEGER (0.. 15)
INTEGER (0.. 15)
Reference TFC ID INTEGER (0.. 3)
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refers to the gain value of UL DPCCH, PRACH control part and PCPCH control part.
refers to the gain value of UL DPCCH, PRACH data part and PCPCH data part.
Reference TFC ID is the reference TFC ID in the power gain calculation.
3) Parameter source
At the lub interface, gain factor value is contained in the cell TFCS. At the Uu air interface
signaling, gain factor is contained in the cell Power offset Information.
At the lub interface, gain factor and reference TFC ID are contained in the configuration item
TFCS, the relevant signaling messages include: COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL
SETUP REQUEST, RADIOLINK SETUP REQUEST, RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION
PREPARE and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION REQUEST;
The transmission direction of the signaling COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP
REQUEST is CRNCNodeB. Configure the gain factors c and d in the configuration
item PRACH and the subconfiguration item TFCS of the configuration item CPCH
Parameters.
The transmission direction of the signaling message RADIO LINK REQUEST is
CRNCNodeB. It is required at radio link setup. Configure the gain factors c and d in
the subconfiguration item TFCS of the configuration item UL DPCH Information.
The transmission direction of the signaling RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE
is CRNCNodeB. It is required when the radio link is configured and synchronized.
Configure the gain factors c and d in the subconfiguration item TFCS (optional) of the
configuration item UL DPCH Information.
The transmission direction of the signaling RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION REQUEST
is CRNCNodeB. It is required at out-of-sync configuration. Configure the gain factors c
and d in the subconfiguration item TFCS (optional) of the configuration item UL DPCH
Information.
At the Uu air interface signaling, the gain factor and reference TFC ID are contained in the
configuration item Power offset Information.
The gain factor of PRACH is delivered to the UE through the system information signaling,
and it is contained in SIB5 and SIB6.
The gain factor of DPDCH is delivered to the UE through the system information (SIB8,
mandatory) and the signaling messages CELL UPDATE CONFIRM, HANDOVER TO
UTRAN COMMAND, PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER
RECONFIGRATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE, RADIO BEARER SETUP, RRC
CONNECTION SETUP and TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION (optional
except SIB).
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The gain factor of UL DPCH is delivered to the UE through the system information (SIB16,
mandatory) and the signaling messages CELL UPDATE CONFIRM, HANDOVER TO
UTRAN COMMAND, RADIO BEARER RECONFIGRATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE,
RADIO BEARER SETUP, RRC CONNECTION SETUP, TRANSPORT CHANNEL
RECONFIGURATION and SRNS RELOCATION INFO (optional except SIB).
The parameter configuration should follow the methods below:
Each service has the references c , d , Lref and Kref for itself. These values are
1.
based on the field test results. The reference TFC of each service is the field test
value of each service when the maximum transmission format is adopted.
For the individual service, select the reference TFC of this service directly; for the
2.
combined services, identify the service with the dominant rate at first (the service with
the biggest rate in the combined services). The reference TFC of this service is the
reference TFC of the current combined services. If the service is equal to each other,
adopt the reference TFC of the CS domain service. If only signaling is available,
adopt the reference TFC of the signaling.
There are 8 kinds of maximum core network assignment rates of AMR voice
3.
configuration, but there is only one AMR voice of 12.2K in DB at present. Only a
reference TFC of 12.2K is configured in specific implementation; and this reference
TFCshould be used for other maximum core network assignment rates that are not
12.2K.
The implementation of controlled stream service is the same as AMR voice service.
4.
The controllable stream takes 57.6Kbps as the reference TFC for all controllable
stream services.
If DCCC has been done for PS BE service, the TFS information saved in TRCH is the
5.
TFS after DCCC. The actual rate may be smaller than the maximum rate of the
service, so, reference TFC corresponding to the current actual rate will be used in
calculation.
The configuration table is as follows:
Table 8 Gain factor parameter configuration
Service type
CS
12.2K AMR
64K
data
56K
data
32K
data
28.8K
Typical
BLERtar
get (%)
0.7(or 1)
transparent 0.2
transparent 0.2
transparent 0.2
transparent 0.2
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TTI and
number of
blocks
20ms
1 block
20ms
2 blocks
20ms
2 blocks
20ms
1 block
40ms
c,ref:d,ref
Lref
12:15
6:15
173
1974
341502
6:15
177
1974
349398
9:15
188
990
186120
13:15
180
891
160380
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RM
Ni
Kref
185,176,218 152,167,68
72336
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data
57.6K
stream
controlled 1
2 blocks
40ms
4 blocks
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7:15
145
1779
257955
15:11
155
267
41385
7:15
150
2118
317700
3:15
160
12684
2029440
3:15
155
8460
1311300
5:15
145
4758
689910
5:15
140
4230
592200
7:15
150
2118
317700
9:15
155
1062
164610
15:11
155
267
41385
15:12
160
129
20640
PS
8K conversation
64K
stream 1
(unidirectional)
10
384K BE service
256K BE service
10
144K
10
128K
10
64K
10
32K
10
8K
10
Signaling
40ms
1 block
20ms
4 blocks
10ms
12 blocks
20ms
16 blocks
20ms
9 blocks
20ms
8 blocks
20ms
4 blocks
20ms
2 blocks
40ms
1 block
40ms
1 block
*Note: The above is the configuration table in Version B02, and it may be updated afterward. However, it
is unnecessary for the network planning personnel to modify the parameters in this section, as the default
configuration in the current version can be safely used.
The following configuration is adopted for the PARCH channel:
(c,ref:d,ref) = 11:15; transmission format: 1*168
(c,ref:d,ref) = 10:15; transmission format: 1*360
Whether this set of parameters are set properly or not will influence the demodulation
performance of the uplink service, resulting in influence on the uplink capacity and coverage.
At present, the setting and modification commands corresponding to this parameter are
forbidden at RNC maintenance console, and no modification of the parameter is allowed.
Returning
3.1.10 Power Control Algorithm (MP)
Enumerated (algorithm 1, algorithm 2)
This parameter is used to tell the UE in what a way to translate TPC commands that are
received.
3) Parameter source
The uplink DPCH power control information at the Uu interface, it is contained in the
configuration item information Uplink DPCH Power Control Info.
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The configuration is Algorithm 1.
There are Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for the uplink power control algorithm, that is, PCA=1
or PCA=2. The step of PCA=1 includes 1dB and 2dB, but the step of PCA=2 can be 1dB only.
Algorithm 2 is applied to the smaller power control step and the relatively slow power control.
Control once in each 5 timeslots, while algorithm 1 is on the opposite: control once in each 1
timeslot. The signaling messages related to PCA include PHYSICAL CHANNEL
RECONFIGURATION,
RADIO
BEARER
ESTABLISHMENT,
RECONFIGURATION,
RADIO
BEARER
RELEASE,
RADIO
TRANSPORT
BEARER
CHANNEL

According to the link level emulation results of the 12.2K service conducted by Huawei
Research Institute Shanghai, in case PAC=1, when the power control step changes from 1dB
to 2dB, the performances of 7 types of channels (Gaussian, CASE1, CASE2, CASE3,
CASE4, MOVING and BIRTHDEATH) become bad. When the power control algorithm
changes from PCA=1 to PCA=2, the performances of Gaussian, CASE3, CASE4 and
MOVING channels become good, but the performances of CASE1 and CASE2 become
worse than that when PCA=1 and power control step is 2dB; under the BIRTHDEATH
channel, the performance becomes worse than that when PCA=1 and the power control step
is 1dB, and the performance curve cross (at the point where BLER=3%) with that when
PCA=1 and power control step is 2dB. When BLER>3%, the performance is good, and when
BLER<3%, it is bad.
Generally, in order to obtain the optimum power control effect, power control algorithm
configuration can be carried out for different cell properties. If it is in the cell that covers the
freeway, the configuration can be PCA=2.
Different settings of this parameter will influence the uplink demodulation performance, which
will influence the uplink coverage and capacity.
Returning
3.1.11 TPC Step Size
Type range: Integer (1, 2), In dB
This parameter defines the power control step when the uplink DPCH is conducting the close
loop power control.
3) Parameter source
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The uplink DPCH power control message at the Uu interface, it is contained in the
configuration item information Uplink DPCH Power Control Info.
The configuration is 1dB. The signaling messages related to this parameter include:
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO
BEARER RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE, TRANSPORT CHANNEL
It can be seen from the analysis in 2.6 that TPC step size is the best when PCA=1 and the
power control step is 1dB; the power control step is 1dB when PCA=2, so the configuration is
1dB.
Different settings of this parameter will influence the uplink demodulation performance, which
will influence the uplink coverage and capacity.
Returning
3.1.12 DPC Mode (MP)
Type range: Enumerated (single TPC, TPC triple in soft)
This parameter defines the mode of the downlink power control. When the parameter value is
single TPC, use the power control mode 0, and DPC_Mode=0; when the parameter value
is TPC triple in soft, use the power control mode 1, and DPC_Mode=1.
3) Parameter source
The downlink DPCH power control message at the Uu air interface.
The default configuration is Single TPC.
Handover includes soft handover and hard handover. Soft handover is a different
characteristic from GSM. Soft handover includes soft handover and softer handover. Hard
handover includes intra-frequency hard handover, inter-frequency hard handover and
inter-system handover. The signaling messages related to soft handover include: ACTIVE
SET UPDATE, ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE and ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE.
The signaling messages related to intra-frequency hard handover include: PHYSICAL
CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT, RADIO BEARER
RECONFIGURATION,
RADIO
BEARER
RELEASE
and
TRANPORT
CHANNEL
RECONFIGURATION; The signaling messages related to inter-frequency hard handover

include: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER ESTABLISHMENT,
RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION, RADIO BEARER RELEASE and TRANSPORT
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CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION; The signaling messages related to inter-system handover

include: INTER-SYSTEM HANDOVER COMMAND(FROM UTRAN) and HANDOVER TO
UTRAN COMMAND(to UTRAN).
The signaling messages related to DPC_MODE include: RRC CONNECTION SETUP, CELL
UPDATE CONFIRM and some above-mentioned signaling messages related to hard
handover, but not including the signaling messages related to the soft handover active set
update. Therefore, during soft handover, the slow power control is implemented by changing
DPC_MODE through reconfiguration (lots of data show that, it is better to adopt slow power
control in soft handover, because it can reduce the power drift).
DPC_MODE=0 means that a single TPC command is sent in each timeslot;
DPC_MODE=1 means that the same TPC commands are repeated in three timeslots;
Seeing from the link level emulation results of Beijing Institute of Huawei, there are a few
differences between the two control modes in different cases. It is difficult to distinguish the
CASEs of the channel, so the configuration is Signal TPC.
Different configurations of this parameter will influence the downlink demodulation
performance, which will influence the downlink coverage and capacity.
Returning
3.1.13 Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power (MP)
Integer (-50..+33), Step In 1dBm.
The maximum allowed transmission power of the UE in a specified cell.
3) Parameter source
RRC CONNECTION SETUP, RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE, RADIO LIN SETUP
FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO LINK ADDITION FAILURES
The value is related to the uplink coverage requirement of the network planning.
Setting: DCH configuration is 21dBm, PRACH configuration is 23dBm (typical value).
Adjustment: The value of this parameter changes with the specific services. If the capacity of
a cell is limited, this parameter is not a limit factor to this cell, because the fast power control
can regulate in real time the UE transmission power; if the coverage of a cell is limited,
according to the service property of full coverage, there are formulae as follows:
Gd Ga PUE,max / Lmax
Eb
Gp
I0
I total Gd Ga PUE,max / Lmax
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Deduce: Lmax
Gd Ga PUE ,max
Noiserise PN
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Gp
I
) , where, Noiserise total
Eb
PN
I0
where, PUE,max is the maximum transmission power of the UE, Lmax is the maximum path
loss, v is the active factor of the service, Gp is the processing gain of the service, expressed
in: Gp=W/R (W is the signal bandwidth, R is the data rate of the service), Ga is the antenna
gain (the antenna gain herein is the sum of the actual antenna gain and cable loss gain), Gd
is the sum of the diversity gains (including the diversity gains of the multi-path diversity,
receiving antenna diversity and so on), PN is the background noise and Eb/N0 is SIRtarget
value of the service.
For the service that does not require to cover the whole cell, the formula above can also be
used to estimate the transmission power of the UE whose coverage range meets special
requirements; if the UE transmission power has reached the maximum value of its
transmission capability, this formula can be used to estimate its uplink coverage range.
In case coverage is limited, if the value of this parameter is too small, the uplink coverage will
be influenced.
Returning
NodeB Power Management Parameter
3.2
3.2.1
DL TPC Pattern 01 Count
INTEGER (0..30), step of 1
This parameter defines the downlink TPC transmission times (in the RL initialization process)
according to (0,1) mode when NodeB has not received the uplink synchronization.
3) Parameter source
CELL SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Inb interface.
The default setting is 10.
This parameter has not any direct influence on the network planning.
6) the relevant protocol description
Returning
3.2.2
PO1 (MP)
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INTEGER (0..24), step of 0.25dB.

This parameter defines the power offset of the TFCI bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
3) Parameter source
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Inb interface.
This parameter is set to 0dB according to the field test result.
PO1, PO2 and PO3 are contained in the signaling message RADIO LINK SETUP
REQUEST. In fact, when the power control makes DPCCH meet the requirements, the
power control setting makes DPDCH meet the requirement. If the communication quality
requirement is met, reduce the transmission power as small as possible so as to increase the
system capacity to the maximum. This is the optimum condition. Since the number of bits in
these three data fields of TPC, PILOT and TFCI are different, the power offset sizes are
different.
The analysis on PO1, PO2 and PO3 configurations is as follows:
In the downlink close loop power control process, especially in soft handover, the UE
implements the maximum rate combination only on the DPDCH in all the downlink multi-path
components. However, since the DPCCH power control command is sent out from different
NodeBs, the combination cannot be implemented. The UE implements SIR estimation on the
PILOT domain of the downlink DPCCH and produces TPC command according to
DPC_MODE value.
Because of the maximum rate combination of the downlink PILOT and TFCI, the maximum
rate combination is not implemented in the TPC domain, so the processing of the power
offsets of the downlink DPCCH and DPDCH is more complicated than that of the uplink; it is
necessary to allow the TPC power setting higher than other domains. Here is an easy
example: If non-soft handover corresponds to a set of suitable PO1, PO2 and PO3 settings,
when two soft handover branches exist, the setting of the original PO2 should be somewhat
higher than the power for non-soft handover.
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DPCCH
DPDCH
Data1
Ndata1 bits
TPC
NTPC bits
TFCI
NTFCI bits
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DPDCH
DPCCH
Data2
Ndata2 bits
Pilot
Npilot bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

Figure 9: Frame structure for downlink DPCH
Referring to the Pattern format of the uplink DPCCH, SF=256 corresponds to N TPC=2,
NTFCI=2, NPILOT=6. Because PO1, PO2 and PO3 do not exist in the uplink, we think that the
pattern is defined in the protocol based on the sufficient consideration of the power balance
between TFCI, TPC and PILOT.
For the downlink, if the compression mode and blind detection are not considered, the values
can be: PO1=PO2=PO3=0 at the time of non-soft handover. If soft handover is considered,
the values of PO1 and PO3 keep fixed; add a link to PO2, and its value will be increased by
3dB; add another link, the value will be increased by 2dB; and add one more link, the value
will be increased by 1dB.
Whether the settings of this parameter and the following PO2 and PO3 are proper or not will
influence the downlink SIR estimation, power control and decoding performances, which will
influence the downlink capacity and coverage.
Returning
3.2.3
PO2 (MP)
INTEGER (0..24), step of 0.25dB.
This parameter defines the power offset of the TPC bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
3) Parameter source
The configuration is 3dB according to the field test result.
Returning
3.2.4
PO3 (MP)
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Integer (0..24), step of 0.25dB.
This parameter defines the power offset of the PILOT bit in the downlink DPCCH to DPDCH.
3) Parameter source
The configuration is 3dB according to the field test result.
Returning
3.2.5
FDD TPC DL StepSize (OP)
ENUMERATED (0.5,1,1.5,2,), dB
The adjustment step size of the downlink power.
3) Parameter source
The default configuration is 1dB.
The signaling message related to this parameter is RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST.
According to the link level emulation result given by Beijing Institute of Huawei, when the UE
moves at low rate, the power control step size of 1dB is the best; when the UE moves at high
rate, the power control step size of 0.5dB is the best. As specified in the protocol 25.214, the
step size of 1dB must be supported, others are optional. Furthermore, when the downlink
DPCH carries out the power control, the cell appears only in RADIO LINK REQUEST
without signaling support, so the step is 1dB according to the actual conditions.
The setting of this parameter will have influences on the downlink demodulation performance,
which will influence the downlink capacity and coverage.
Returning
3.2.6
Limited Power Increase
ENUMERATED(Used , NotUsed)
Identify the downlink power adjustment step, limit the power increase, and reduce the
interference on the network which is caused by the increasing NodeB transmission power
due to the inccorect TPC commands (bit error or the UE cause) of the uplink transmission.
3) Parameter source
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Used. When the configuration is Used, the following processing functions, otherwise, for all
services, the downlink power adjustments are processed as Not Used.
In the internal mode of RNC, if the service types are Conversational and Streaming, adopt
the not used mode; if the service types are Background and Interactive, adopt the Used
mode. When there is combination, it is Not Used, so as to ensure the communication quality
priority (similar with the priority of transport channel selection by the outer loop power control).
The purpose is to limit the interference on the network by the burst non-realtime service and
to prevent the realtime service communication quality from the bad influences.
The signaling message related to this parameter is RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST. Not
Used means that the downlink power increase is not limited, and Used means that the
downlink power is increasing now.
This
parameter
is
used
together
with
Power_Raise_Limit
and
DL_Power_averaging_window_size.
The configurations of this parameter and the following Power_Raise_Limit and
DL_Power_averaging_window_size can limit the downlink transmission power to rise rapidly
and reduce the downlink interference. If they are set improperly, they will probably influence
the downlink demodulation performance, the downlink coverage and capacity.
Returning
3.2.7
Power_Raise_Limit
INTEGER (0..10), step 1 dB.
The
increment
of
the
downlink
transmission
power
within
certain
cycle
(DL_Power_averaging_window_size, expressed in timeslot) is not allowed to exceed this

parameter.
3) Parameter source
CELL SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Iub interface.
This value is set to 3dB in RADIO NETWORK PLANNING and OPTIMISATION for UMTS.
But it conflicts with the following analysis (The emulation result verification is required).
The signaling message related to this parameter is CELL SETUP REQUEST. The parameter
Power_Raise_Limit and DL_Power_averaging_window_size are related to each other. If
the former is small, so is the latter, and vice versa. Therefore, the selection of
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DL_Power_averaging_window_size is related to step size.

Suppose that Power_Raise_Limit=10dB, if TPC=0.5, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=20;
if TPC=1, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=10; ifTPC=1.5,
DL_Power_averaging_window_size=8; if TPC=2, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=5.
If TPC bit error rate of the TPC command is considered, the above-mentioned value of
DL_Power_averaging_window_size can be added with a certain margin. According to the
uplink out-of-sync criterion, when the TPC bit error rate exceeds 30%, it means Radio Link
Failure. Therefore, after the margin is considered, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=
(1+0.3)
DL_Power_averaging_window_size.
Namely,
if
TPC=0.5,
DL_Power_averaging_window_size=26; if TPC=1, DL_Power_averaging_window_size=13;

TPC
if
TPC=2,
DL_Power_averaging_window_size=7.
Returning
3.2.8
DL Power Averaging Window Size
INTEGER (1..10), step 1 slot
Calculate the downlink transmission power increment within the time specified by this
parameter, so as to identify whether the limit Power_Raise_Limit of the above-mentioned
parameter is exceeded. If the limit is exceeded, even the increase is received, the power
command cannot adjust the power.
3) Parameter source
CELL SETUP REQUEST (CRNC to NodeB) at the Iub interface.
This parameter is set to 30 timeslots in RADIO NETWORK PLANNING and OPTIMISATION
for UMTS. But it conflicts with the analysis in Section 4.6, and the emulation result verification
is required.
5) Additional description
The configurations of the two parameters above can effectively limit the rapid raise of the
downlink transmission power. These two parameters should be considered together with the
cell fading environment.
Returning
3.2.9
DL Power Balance Switch
ENUMERATED (Active, Inactive).
To deactivate or activate the downlink power balance algorithm module.
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3) Parameter source
DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL REQUEST at the Iub interface.
The default setting is Active.
For detailed descriptions of the downlink power balance, refer to
When the UE is in the soft handover state and there is large power difference between each
of the downlink in the active set, this algorithm can improve the receiving performance of the
downlinks.
Returning
3.2.10 Inner Loop DL PC Status
ENUMERATED (Active, Inactive)
To deactivate or activate the downlink inner loop power control.
3) Parameter source
RADIO SETUP REQUEST (SRNC to RNC) at the Iur interface.
The signaling messages related to this parameter include RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
and DL POWER CONTROL REQUEST. The former is mandatory and the latter is optional.
Currently, we do not consider deactivating the downlink inner loop power control.
Returning
3.2.11 Initial DL transmission Powers
Enumerated (-35..+15), step 0.1 dB
The transmission power of DPDCH to PCPICH.
3) Parameter source
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (SRNC to DRNC) at the Iur interface.
The initial downlink transmission power of DPDCH appears in the signaling messages
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST and RADIO LINK ADDITION REQUEST. The former is
mandatory and the latter is optional. In the signaling message RADIO LINK SETUP
REQUEST, the parameters Initial DL TX power and Primary CPICH Ec/N0 are set to
C_ifAlone. This means that Initial DL TX power or Primary CPICH Ec/N0 exists. In fact,
Primary CPICH Ec/N0 is used to identify Initial DL TX power. In the signaling message
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST, the parameters Initial DL TX power and Uplink SIR
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Target must exist or not exist at the same time. If only one exists or does not exist, we think
the radio link setup fails.
Through the formulae
PCPICH L
E
E
PL
( c ) CPICH and
( c )TARGET , where L is path
PN 0
N0
PN 0
N0
loss, the initial downlink transmission power can be obtained:
P ( PC P I C /(
H
Ec
E
) C P I C)H ( c )T A R G E T
N0
N0
When a new radio link is set up, if RACH measurement report is available, configure Primary
CPICH Ec/N0 according to the measurement report. If not available, configure the typical
value -18dB. (
Ec
)TARGET is configured according to the services. In soft handover,
N0
configure the newly-setup radio links with the same method. Note that the value of the
downlink initial transmission power obtained above is an absolute value, not a relative value.
If this parameter is set too low, the downlink synchronization will fail at the cell verge during
the initial link setup, resulting in influences on the downlink coverage. If it is set too high, it will
increase the downlink interference and influence the downlink capacity.
Returning
3.2.12 Maximum Uplink SIR
ENUMERATED (-82..173), step 0.1 dB
Maximum uplink target SIR value
3) Parameter source
The signaling messages: RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE, RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE,
RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY and
RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.
The link level emulation results show that, in case power control is available, the required
Eb/N0 for the worst CASE4 channel environment is about 2.7dB higher than that of the best
Gaussian channel. Therefore, it is necessary to add 3dB to the initial target SIR value
corresponding to the target BLER value of a service as the maximum target SIR value. The
initial value of each service is configured in the following table. And the maximum value can
be obtained through this initial value. For example, the table shows that, for 144K service,
5dB plus 3dB equals to 8dB which is taken as the maximum value.
The maximum target SIR value of the combined service is Max {the maximum target SIR
value of the individual service}, and the minimum target SIR value of the combined service is
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Max {the minimum target SIR value of the individual service}.

Table 9 Initial and maximum target SIR value
Service type
CS
12.2K AMR
64K transparent data
28.8K transparent data
57.6K controlled stream
PS
8K conversation
64K flow (unidirectional)
0 flow (unidirectional)
384K BE service
256K BE service
144K
128K
64K
32K
8K
Signaling
Initial SIRtarget (dB)
Max. SIRtarget (dB)
2
4
4
4
4
3
5
7
7
7
7
6
1.5
3
3
7
4
2.5
2
2
2
2
2
4.5
6
6
10
7
5.5
5
5
2
2
5

If this parameter is set too big, the uplink interference will be probably too great ; if it is set
too small, the SIR of the uplink receiving end may not meet the demodulation requirement,
which will influence the uplink capacity and coverage.
Returning
3.2.13 Minimum Uplink SIR
ENUMERATER (-82..173), step 0.1 dB
The minimum uplink target SIR value
3) Parameter source
RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY and
RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.
In fact, the minimum target SIR value should also be set according to the services. For
example, take the target SIR value corresponding to (the target BLER value) minus 3dB as
the minimum target SIR value. However, to make things simple and to avoid that the target
SIR value cannot be decreased (as SIRtarget requires to reduce the target SIR value, hence
reducing the transmission power due to inappropriate limit), -7.3dB is recommended as the
minimum target SIR value.
If this parameter is set too big, the uplink interference will be probably too big; if it is set too
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small, the SIR of the uplink receiving end may not meet the demodulation requirement, which
will influence the uplink capacity and coverage.
Returning
3.2.14 UL SIR Targets
INTEGER (-82..173), step 0.1 dB 0..10
This parameter is used to adjust the target SIR value of the inner loop power control.
3) Parameter source
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST (SRNC to DRNC) at the Iur interface.
The parameter configuration is closely related to the development of the outer loop power
control algorithm. At present, the configuration is shown in Table 2.
Table 10
Service type
Configurations of partial OLPC parameters
Typical
BELRtarg
et (%)
TTI
& TypicalBER SIRStepUpOnBER InitSIRTar(dB)
number
(%)
of blocks
0.1
0.5
0.1
1.3
0.2
0.1
1.3
0.2
0.1
2.5
0.2
0.1
2.5
57.6K
controlled stream
PS
8K conversation
20ms
1 block
20ms
2 blocks
20ms
2 blocks
20ms
1 block
40ms
2 blocks
40ms
4 blocks
7.3
0.7
1)
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
1.5
64K flow
(unidirectional)
0 flow
(unidirectional)
384K
BE service
256K
BE service
144K
40ms
1 blocks
20ms
4 blocks
0.1
0.4
0.4
128K
10
64K
10
32K
10
8K
10
CS
12.2K AMR
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(or
4
10
10
10
10ms
12 blocks
20ms
16 blocks
20ms
9 blocks
20ms
8 blocks
20ms
4 blocks
20ms
2 blocks
40ms
1 block
Max.
SIRStepUp
of each outer
loop
adjustment
(dB)
0.35
0.2
0.4
1.25
0.1
0.4
4.9
0.1
2.5
0.4
0.1
0.4
7.9
0.1
0.4
8.5
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.4
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Signaling
40ms
1 block
10
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0.1
0.4

The proper setting of this parameter will directly influence the uplink demodulation
performance, and thus influence the uplink coverage and capacity. At present, it is not
allowed to modify it from the RNC maintenance console.
Returning
3.2.15 Maximum DL Tx Power
INTEGER (-350..+150), step 0.1 dB
It defines the maximum transmission power of DPDCH symbol, which is expressed in a
relative value to CPICH.
3) Parameter source
RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO ADDITION FAILURE, RADIO LINK
RECONFIGURATION READY and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.
The service type and service rate should be considered in the parameter configuration. For
an individual service, the configuration value is shown in the following table:
Table 11
Max. & min. downlink transmission power configuration
Service type
CS
12.2K AMR
57.6K controlled stream
PS
8K conversation
64K flow (unidirectional)
0 flow (unidirectional)
384K BE service
256K BE service
144K
128K
64K
32K
8K
Signaling
Max. downlink
transmission power (dB)
Min. downlink
transmission power (dB)
-3
0
0
-2
-2
-1
-18
-15
-15
-17
-17
-16
-8
-2
-2
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-8
-8
-23
-17
-17
-11
-13
-15
-15
-17
-19
-23
-23
There are two cases for the combined service: SRNC is consistent with DRNC, without
crossing the Iur interface; they are not consistent with each other, crossing the Iur interface.
For the latter, take the maximum value of maximum downlink transmission powers in the
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individual service configuration table as the maximum downlink transmission power, and take
the maximum value of minimum downlink transmission powers as the minimum downlink
transmission power.
In case SRNC and DRNC are consistent with each other without crossing the Iur interface,
calculate the maximum and minimum downlink transmission powers through the following
formula:
Pcom b
GRM ,i
GSF ,i
GRM ,com b GSF ,com b
Pi
Where, i is the individual service, comb is the corresponding individual service in the
combined service, GRM and GSF are respectively the rate matching gain (the value of the
number of bits after rate matching divided by the number of bits before rate matching) and
spread spectrum gain. As known from this formula, as long as we know the maximum
transmission power P required for the individual service, we can obtain the maximum
transmission power required for the combined service according to the combined service and
the individual service conditions (calculating the rate matching gain and spread spectrum
gain). At present, Pi is the maximum value of the maximum transmission powers of the
individual services in the combined service. The calculation of the minimum transmission
power is the same as the maximum transmission power, so it will not be described here.
The calculation principle of the maximum and minimum downlink transmission powers are
described as follows:
During the setting process of the maximum downlink transmission power, we should consider
the parameter Primary CPICH Power and the full coverage requirement of the service in
network planning (full coverage of the service). Ensure that the service coverage is no
smaller than the pilot coverage. The service coverage is described as follows.
Suppose that the pilot strength of the UE is CPICH_Ec/No, the pilot power is PCPICH, the
maximum downlink transmission power allocated to the service is Pmax, its target SIR value
is SIRtar, and the corresponding carrier-to-interference ratios are CIR and CIRtar. The
formulae of the pilot strength and the carrier-to-interference ratio of the service are as follows:
CPICH _ Ec / N 0
CIR
Gc PCPICH / L
I own I other PN
Ge Gc P / L
I own I other PN
These two formulae express the pilot strength and the signaling-to-interference ratio of the
signal in a same geographical location, so their path losses L are the same. is the
non-orthogonal factor, Iown is the interference produced by the core NodeB, lother is the
interference produced by other NodeBs, Pn is the background noise, P is the service
downlink transmission power allocated to the service by NodeB, Gc is the same gain owned
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by the DPDCH pilot channels, such as the antenna gain and the transmission diversity gain,
and Ge is the extra gain of the DPDCH channel to the pilot channel, such as macro diversity
gain and so on. We can obtain:
GP
I I
PN
CIR
e own other
CPICH _ Ec / N 0 PCPICH I own I other PN
Convert it into SIR:
G GP
SIR
P e
CPICH _ Ec / N 0
PCPICH
1
1 (1 )
I own
I own I other PN
GP Ge P
PCPICH
1
I own / I other
1 (1 )
I own / I other 1 PN / I other
GP Ge P
PCPICH
1
I /I
1 (1 ) own other
I own / I other 1
Where, Gp is the service processing gain.

When the service coverage (maximum coverage) keeps consistent with the pilot coverage,
namely, the pilot strength equals to the pilot demodulation threshold (namely, at the pilot
coverage verge), suppose that the signal-to-interference ratio of the service signal has
reached its target value, mark
I own
as F:
I other
G GP
SIR
1
P e max
CPICH _ Ec / N 0
PCPICH 1 (1 ) F
F 1
So the maximum transmission power of the service allocated by NodeB is:
Pmax
SIR
F
[1 (1 )
] PCPICH Coef PCPICH
G p GeCPICH _ Ec / N 0
F 1
From the point of view of capacity, for services that do not require full coverage, the
parameters can be set and adjusted according to the actual target SIR value and the actual
traffic statistics index required by the capacity design.
Note that the non-orthogonal factor, diversity gain and Eb/No of each service used in the
above-mentioned estimation require quantities of emulation results to support them, which
cannot be realized at present. Therefore, what is presented is only the ideal guidance, and it
should be perfected and refined afterward by comparing it with the configurations according
to the traffic statistics index and emulation results against. Furthermore, the interference ratio
between the local cell and the adjacent cell is also an important influencing factor. It may be
even several dBs sometimes.
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This parameter and the following minimum downlink transmission power will influence
directly the downlink coverage.
Returning
3.2.16 Minimum DL Tx Power
INTEGER (-350..+150), step 0.1 dB
It defines the minimum rate level of the DPDCH symbol, and it is expressed in the relative
value to CPICH.
3) Parameter source
RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE, RADIO ADDITION FAILURE, RADIO LINK
RECONFIGURATION READY and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE.
The value of this parameter changes with the specific service, and is related to the value of
the parameter Maximum DL Tx Power and the dynamic range of the power. Their relations
are shown in the following formula:
Minimum DL Tx Power=Maximum DL Tx Power - Dynamic Adjustment Range of Power
Control
Where, the value of the dynamic adjustment range of power control can be 15dB.
Returning
3.2.17 Primary CPICH Power
INTEGER (-100..500), step 0.1 dBm
It is used to identify the transmission power of Primary CPICH of a cell. The reference point is
the antenna connector, and its value is related to the downlink coverage requirement of the
network planning.
3) Parameter source
None
For a cell with large coverage, the value of this parameter should be big; on the opposite, it
should be smal. In a certain planned multi-cell environment, this parameter has its own fixed
minimum value. If this parameter is smaller than the fixed minimum value, the coverage hole
may occur when cells in the environment are under heavy load.
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If this parameter is too small, it will influence directly the downlink pilot coverage range; if it is
too big, it will increase the downlink interference; meanwhile, it will reduce the transmission
power that can be allocated to the service and will influence the downlink capacity. In addition,
the configuration of this parameter has direct influences on the distributions of the handover
areas.
Returning
Others
3.3
3.3.1
Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Period (SirAdjustPeriod)
INTEGER (1..100), step 10ms, representing 10~1000ms
This parameter refers to the period during which the outer loop adjusts the target SIR value
once.
3) Parameter source
None
The default setting is 40, namely, 400ms.
The parameter setting is related to the changing rate of the environment. If the environment
changes rapidly, this period will be short.
For the description of the outer loop power control, refer to 2.1.4.
Whether the setting of the outer loop power control adjustment period, the power control
adjustment step and the adjustment factor in the following section are proper or not will
influence the uplink demodulation performance, resulting in influence on the uplink coverage
and capacity.
Returning
3.3.2
Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Step (SirAdjustStep)
INTEGER (0..100), step 0.1dB
The step of the target SIR value adjustment by the outer loop power control according to the
difference between the BLER in the current period and the target BLER.
3) Parameter source
None
The default configuration is 1, namely, 0.1dB.
The setting of this parameter is related to the current service. For the low bit error rate service
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where the BLER is 0.1% or 0.2%, we set it to 0.01dB or to be other small parameters.
Returning
3.3.3
Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Factor (SirAdjustFactor)
INTEGER (1..10), step 1
This parameter is used to correct the adjustment step of the target SIR value of the outer loop
power control.
3) Parameter source
None
The default setting is 1.
Returning
3.3.4
Maximum SIR StepUp (MaxSirStepUp)
The maximum stepup of a target SIR value adjustment in the outer loop power control.
3) Parameter source
None
For the default setting, refer to Table 10.
If this parameter is too great, the UE transmission power will probably be too large, which will
produce strong interference on the uplink. If it is too small, it will probably influence on the
normal outer loop power control process.
Returning
3.3.5
Maximum SIR StepDown (MaxSirStepDown)
The maximum stepdown of a target SIR value adjustment in the outer loop power control.
3) Parameter source
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The default setting is 2, namely, 0.2dB.
If this parameter is set too big, NodeB will fail to receive messages properly. If it is set too
small, it will probably influence the normal outer loop power control process.
Returning
3.3.6
BLERtarget
INTEGER (-63..0), step 0.1
The target BLER value of the outer loop power control.
6) Parameter source
RADIO LINK SETUP and RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE at the Iur interface.
For the default setting, refer to Table 10.
If this parameter is set too good, it will waste the network resources; if it is set too bad, it will
fail to satisfy the service QoS requirements.
Returning
3.3.7
In-Synchronization Threshold Qin
When TPC in the timeslot structure is 1bit, Tpc1Qin: [646..1024], and the value range of the
number of floating points is [-2dB..0dB].
When TPC in the timeslot structure is 2bits, Tpc2Qin: [323..513], and the value range of the
number of floating points is [-5dB..-3dB].
The relation between the parameter value and the dB value of the floating points is: specific
point value =(integer) (10^(dB value of floating point/10)1024), and the value range is:
[575..1289], unit: 1/1024 times.
The uplink dedicated link in-synchronization and out-of-sync threshold, are based on 1024.
3) Parameter source
The synchronization and out-of-sync parameters are the internal parameters of NodeB, and
they require to be adjusted at the NodeB debugging console.
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Tpc1Qin: The default value is 813, and the physical meaning is -1dB.
Tpc2Qin: The default value is 646, and the physical meaning is -2dB.
Apply the default setting of this parameter, and don not modify it.
Description of the Relavant Physical Process
If this parameter is small, the link can change from in-synchronization to out-of-sync more
easily, which can reduce the UE transmission power. If it is big, the threshold will rise, and the
link will change from out-of-sync to in-synchronization more difficultly, which will require
increasing of the UE transmission power.
Returning
3.3.8
Out-of-sync Threshold Qout
When TPC in the timeslot structure is 1bit, Tpc1Qout: [323..513], and the value range of the
number of floating points is [-5dB..-3dB].
When TPC in the timeslot structure is 2bits, Tpc2Qout: [288..457], and the value range of
the number of floating points is [-5.5dB..-3.5dB].
The relations between the parameter value and the dB value of the floating point is: specified
point value = (integer) (10^(dB value of floating point /10)1024), value range: [288..575], unit:
1/1024 times.
The dedicated up link out-of-sync threshold, based on 1024.
3) Parameter source
The synchronization and out-of-sync parameters are the internal parameters of NodeB, and
they require to be adjusted at NodeB debugging console.
Tpc1Qout: The default value is 457, and the meaning of the number of floating points is
-3.5dB.
Tpc2Qout: [575...724], the default value is 407, and the meaning of the number of floating
points is -4dB.
Please use the default setting of this parameter, and don not modify it.
Description of the Relavant Physical Process
If this parameter is small, the link is not likely to get out of sync, and the UE transmission
power will be decreased. If it is big, the link UE is likely to get out of sync, and the UE
transmission power will be increased.
Returning
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Appendix: Power Management Parameter Calculation
Please refer to Attachment 1: Power Management Parameter Calculation.xls
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References:
[1] 25.214
[2] 25.331
[3] 25.433
[4] Topical Analysis Report on Power Control Process by Li Zhiming
[5] Solutions on Power Management Algorithm Parameter Configuration by Fu Yusun
[6] WCDMA RNP System Parameter Setting Guide by Zhou Xinjie
[7] 25.101
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1.WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance-20050316-A-1.0

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WCDMA Power Control Algorithm

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Revision based on review comments

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel ......................................................... 10

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Error! Reference source not found.

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Analysis on Power Control Management Principle and Protocol

Basic Principle of Power Control

Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Open Loop Power Control

Fast Power Control

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Figure 1 Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel

Outer Loop Power Control

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Figure 2 Fast power control

Figure 3 Setting of target SIR

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Figure 4 Outer loop power control process of uplink dedicated channel

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

Slow Power Control

Protocol Analysis of Power Control Process

Open Loop Power Control of PRACH

PRACH Preamble Initial Value Setting

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

interference + Constant Value

PRACH Power Control Sequence

Figure 5 PRACH power control sequence

Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH

Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH

Basic process of uplink power control

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

1. Calculate the signalinterference ratio of the received

5. Determine the transmit power

4. Calculate the increment of

2. Compare SIRest and SIRtarget to

3. Calculate the value of

Figure 6 Basic flow of uplink power control

Processing in case of out-of- sync

Generation methods of downlink TPC command during RL initialization

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

The TPC pattern shall consist only of TPC commands "1".

The TPC pattern shall terminate once uplink synchronisation is achieve.

Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for power control

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

TPC commands as follows:

TPC_temp i 0.5, TPC_cmd 1

In other cases, TPC_cmd = 0.

Power increment calculation of uplink DPCCH channel

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

Transmit Power of Control Channel and Data Channel

WCDMA RNO Power Control Algorithm Analysis and

The detailed content of Method 2 is described as follows:

For the jth TFC, the power gain Aj is: