Professional Documents
Culture Documents
.
...
(TELEMETRY): fl fi
fi RTU RTU fi
RTUs. (TELE = distance,
METER + measure).
SCADA;
fi SCADA fl
fl:
Q
(Master Station Computer)
fl (radio, fi,
fi)
RTUs fi
SCADA
SCADA
SCADA
SCADA
SCADA
SCADA
(Industrial Substation Automation)
...
(Energy Management Systems)
fl
RTU
RTU
RTU;
Q
RTU fi
, fl, ,
/, , , , fi
fl (cable) fi
(radio).
RTU fl fi
RTU fi / fi ,
fl fi fl (relays),
fl fl, fi fi
fi fi.
RTU (I)
fl
RTU
RTU
fl
fl,
fi
ASCII,
/, PLC fi
RTU
ROM
SERIAL
PORT
UP
LINE
INTERFACE
RAM
DC
DAC
Pulse Accumulators
Opto Isolators
Overvoltage
protector
Relay Drivers
Current to Voltage
Converters
Signal Conditioners
fl
12V DC fi
110V/220V AC
,
fl
,
RTU (II)
RTUs
RTUs :
Q
(voice ASCII)
(I/Os)
RTUs,
(reports) ''
RTUs
RTUs
SCADA
Q
Mode-C :
RTU RTU ( )
MODE-A RTUs
/. Mode-A
RTU.
:
Q
(
)
RTUs
/ modem.
MODE-A RTU
MODE- RTUs
( /). :
Q
, ,
, .
RTU Internet
Web Embedded Web Server (EWS) .
MODE-C RTUs
Q
fl fl,
fi fi
fl fl fi
.
fi RTUs fi fl (MUX)
fl/
/ fi ,
fi fi fl
RTU fi MUX
RTU fi MUX.
fl fl
fi
fl .
RTUs
RTU fl
modem fi
/
(I/O). /
fi:
Q
fl (Analog Inputs)
(A/I)
fl
(Digital Inputs)
(D/I)
fl
(Pulse Inputs)
(P/I)
(Analog Outputs)
(A/O)
(Digital Outputs)
(D/O)
(Pulse Outputs)
(P/O)
RTUs
Q
fl: To RTU fl
fi fi ,
, fi .
fl fl
fi RTU fl
fl (transducers fi
transmitters) 4-20 mA.
fl: RTU fl fl
fl fl fl fi ,
fl fi . fl
fl : ON fi OFF.
fl: fi fi, fi
RTU. fl
. fl fl fl
(accumulated) RTU
fl RTU. fl fl +5V.
RTUs
Q
: fi fi (setpoint)
fl, fi PLC fi fi 420 mA , RTU
(4-20 mA)
fi / fi fi
RTU.
: RTU fi
fl fl, fl fi fi,
fi fl ,
fl / fl
RTUs.
;
Q
fl
RTUs, PLCs, / .
RTUs
modems,
ASCII ,
MODBUS, PROFIBUS, ..
RS-232
RS-232.
BAUDRATE;
Q
Baudrate fl fl
RTUs
RTUs, fl
modems, fi 1200 baud
(Bell-202 standard)
RTUs RS-232
1.200 and 9.600 baud.
fl fl fi fi fl
(even parity) 7 data bits 1 stop bit.
RTU fl fl fl
fl, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit.
RTUs
ASCII, MODBUS, PROFIBUS.
MMI/SCADA
MMI (Man
Machine Interface) SCADA fl
fl Active X/OLE, TCP/IP, ODBC/SQL,
DDE , fl fi
fi.
MMI
MMI
MMI
MMI
MMI
MMI
MMI
o /
MMI/SCADA (I)
Q
32-bit
Windows 2000 NT (drivers).
(scalable) .
(object-oriented)
(data) (functions).
(driver object)
, PLC,
PLC.
MMI/SCADA
(II)
Q
fi on-line,
, fi
/ ,
, fl fi fl.
fl data concentrators fl
.
fi
(modes A,B,C).
fl fl
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Microsoft,
,
.
fl Dynamic Data
Exchange (DDE). fl
fi
.
OPC (servers)
PLCs, fl, PC-based I/O,
(clients).
PLC
, .
(relay logic).
,
PLCs, .
" "
"Programmable Logic Controller".
" "
,
,
,
, , ,
/
".
(PLC)
Q
, '
(
) .
(CPU)
,
, ,
(RLO)
.
E
,
,
.
(PLC)
Q
:
X
(CPU)
PLC
PLC
PLC
MRES : reset .
STOP :
0.
RUN :
.
RUN-P :
,
.
PLC
Q
SF : , CPU.
BATF : ,
.
DC5V : , DC
+5V.
FRCE : ,
.
RUN : ,
(CPU)
.
STOP : , CPU
reset .
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
PLC
RTUs fi PLCs;
Q
fi RTUs :
fl fi fi
fl.
modems
modems
RTUs PLCs
Q
fl fl
(site), PLC RTU
PLC /fi
fl (setpoints) RTU
RTU (reporting),
(remote commands)
setpoints PLC
TI EINAI TRANSDUCER;
Q
transducer ()
fi fi , :
Q , (rms)
Q / /
Q cos ( )
Q
fl fl fl fi
RS 232, fl fl PC
.
TRANSDUCER
BLOCK TRANSDUCER
TI EINAI ;
fi,
,
fl, fl fl.
fi fi
fl .
fi : fl (Multiplexing)
.
fl fi fl fi
.
fl fl fl RTUs (back to back
Mode-C). RTU fl (master),
(far end slave) RTU.
: fi fl.
TI EINAI TO MODEM;
Q
Modems
ASCII RTUs, /
PLCs (MO-dulated)
(DEM-odulated) ,
.
modems RTUs
PLCs Continuous Transmission
Modems (CTM), 1,200 baud.
T MODEMs (I)
(Passive) modems:
PLCs / fi
RS-232 RTS (Ready To Send, radio press to talk).
PLCs,
MODBUS, fi
fi RTS.
T MODEMs (II)
(ctive buffered) modem:
fi fl
fl fl fi RTS.
fl fi
fl ,
fl fi RTSl.
DATA
CONCENTRATOR;
Q
fl DAC;
/ (PCs)
fl fl
fi RTU and SCADA.
SCADA. DAC
fi (front end) fl
RTUs fi
fi .
DAC
DAC fl fl
fl:
Q
fl modem, fl
(far end) RTUs.
(RS-232), fi ,
.
fi fl fi
RDB.
fi fl
(polling) RTU.
fl fl fi CAP.
fl fi
+12V fl fl DAC.
DAC
single-ended DAC