ISSN 0350-185x, LIX, (2003), p. (1-10) UDK 808.61-24 3. oktobar 2002. MMIIKA MBM (Beorpaa) O HEKHM OCOBEHOCTHMA JIMYHAX 3AMEHHIA Y TIPOWECY AHA®OPH3AUMJE Tlpexmer osor usaaraisa cy Takse Teme Besane 3a npoGes axiadpopH30- ‘Barba sSIHOM 3aMeHUILOM sHjOM Ce ajteKBaTHOM paspatom oGesGehyiy NytHjH, ceecTpannj yauan y cmopeHcKy jesryKy CTBapHOCT, a Kojmua onToBapajyhn TpaMarHukn OnveH Hnax, 110 NpaBHATy, Ocala HCY NOKIARAITH OHAKRY aKEY kakny Te TeMe sacmyxyly. Kayunu uspasu u flojmoau: anapopusonarse 3ameHHiioM, axacpopH30- Bike exUIICOM, MpesIAKATCKH HOMUNaIIHK alTenesteHT atiadope, Besatta/HeBe- santa anapopa, anapopcxo jedan, mopipo10mnxo/ceManrrHsKo KOLPYUpaise 0 OMY ¢ HOMHHAIHHM anTetleeHTOM axacpope. Yak Wy BeIHKHM, HaySHHM TpaMaTHKaMa, TOraBybe 0 3aMeHMTa- Ma OOW4HO je BEOMa OCKYAHO H CBO;M ce Ha KNacKuKalnjy, ome dbreK- cuje m Ha6pajame o6nuKa, Tlojmonu Kao mrro cy pedepenuuja, axadopa, deukea, cynicratynnja, anrenexeHt, Mata cy nocrojat jom jaBHO npe HACTaHKa MO/EpHe NMHTBHCTHKe, Y rpaMaTHKaMa Ce TOTOBO He TOMH- wy“, Koncraronao je, mpe mBaecerax rommua, Msan Kaj (Kaaju 1985, crp. 2). Ymecuocr Te merove Koncraramuje nije, HaxKanocT, HH aH AaHac y NOTHyHOCTH 7e3akTyaTH3OBAHa — y MHOTMM cpeaMHaMa crBapH yraB- HOM H Jlabe cToje ynpawo oHaKO Kako HX je Knaja jou ona carnenao. Ta "aK AKO Ce H JOTOAM fa, y OftroBApajyhiem rpaMaTH4Kom onHcy, Gyze o6ja- UNLEHO KaKO y jesHKy, y KojeM neayje T3B. horor equi npuHuun, aHaHA 3a- MeHHHa (YHKNHOHMINE KAO PevIERAHTHO 3AMEHHBAYKO CPE/ICTBO HaMere- HO TOME Jl 110 HO BH COGOM OHO 0 Hemy HAhOpMuINe HeKa MpeTxONHO HeKasalta HMCHHMA, HTIaK, y TAKBOM OTMCY, 110 TPABHTY, HeMITO BaXKHO H3- ocraje: AeTasHHja OcBpT H Ha SHEEHY 2a aHadopcKa cayxGa Moxe, Ton HexHM ospel\eHAM OKONHOCTHMA, JH4HO} 3aMeHHuM OuTH yeKpahewa. Vsnarame Koje cream cpasynato je, wsMehy ocranor, # Ha To 7a Mpupente naxkrsH ympano Te ,,oupebere oxoocTH™, ca TAKBUM GOKATOp- CKHM cBOjeTBHMA.2 Jyanocaonencas unomor LIX (2003) A axo je Beh 0 Toe pex, ona je cBakako Hajnpupomuje omouern .,oMoTpy 6u10KaTopa" yka3HBambeM Ha OHe KOjM cy yHMBepsamHujer KapaK- Tepa y TOM cMHCTY mTO HM jeMOBAme HUje OTpaHMIeHo camo Ha jenaH je- 3HK WIK CaMO Ha jenny MopomMuy jesnKa. Y taxne ce Ha MpBoM MecTy cBpcrapa Hamle mpenosHapame, y npo- wecy KOMyHHKalHje, OHHX cuyIajeBa Kaya OH ce aHadbopusaunja, 1a 10 we nobe, dusepzeniano ocrpapuna. Tepmutiom dusepzeniana anadopa (,anaphore divergente) cny:xu ce Georges Kleiber 3ato 2a ykaxe Ha beHomeH nocrojeher ,,packopaka® y TIpHMeHH MIpHHUMna anadopu3aunje ona Kay je MocpeyM OHO MeTO- HUMHjOM yCrOB.eHe mnpMpextHe pedepenunje (,,une relation de référence indirecte métonimique“ — Kleiber 1995, crp. 105). Ho raxsor omHOca 101143M, Ha IpHMep, Ona Kay OApehleHy KbHTy, Oupehexor mucua, TOMCHEMO — He 10 HEHOM HacsOBy, Bch nO HeroBOM uMeny: Mexuh je Mamo, ne6o, na 2opreoj donauyu x ca.' Tloxasyje ce, MehyTHM, Hemory- he, ympano onaxo Kako Ha To Kleiber 1 yrozopana, na, y HapeztHoj peve- HUM, Mposly2XHMo Boj HcKas o ,,Jlekuhy“ c oBaKBOM aHadopH3allHoHOM ocrsapenomhy: Mopahemo TA odxeiiu majcitopy ua xopuyere, cae je packyilycan (*Iexuh je Mano, 1eso, na zopregj tioauyu. Mopahemo TA 0d- nefliu majilopy Ha Kopuuerse, cas je packyilycan). Y yuupepsamnuje sactynbene mojape ciaya cBakaKo HM TO a Halle TOMMalbe II pH PO je OHOTA MITO ce HMEHHIIOM caormmTaBa TlocTaje, y On- peherum cxysajesnma, perysayvon dbaxtop Moryhrocta/Hemorybuocr# NONEIMBAHA TO] UMCHHUH yslore anTeHeneHTa axadopcKoj 3ameHuuH. Ta- KO, Ha NpHMep, y Halo] NPOUeHH Tora Ja JM HOME HMeHOBaHO jecre WIM uuje otyh 480 of wyacKor Guha nexu perynanmona Moh o Kojoj je pey. Ha carneqapame Te 4HbeHuue HaBoqM Aparouena ontacka John-a Kimbal- la, wanera y pany Kimball 1973, crp. 263, 0 Tome Kako ce Moxe pehu: John had an umbrella yesterday, but someone else has it now (= Joean je xuwo6pan usao jyye, anu reza cad uma nexo dpyzu), a He Moxe: *John had a cold yesterday, but someone else has it now (= *Josan je na3e6 wnao jyve, anu weea una cad exo Opyeu). Onacka je mponpahena onroBa- pajyhom Hanomeriom sa je Hemoryhuocr avadopcKe npoHommuasusaunje Hen30exkta HocsHeqUua Te OKOMHOCTH a TaKBE NOjaBe Kao Haze6 Ue OCTBA- pyjy cBoje noctojame u3Ban onor Guha Koje ux noceayje (,,have no exis- tence independent of their possessor“). 1 Yo. u panuycxu npumep Francoise Sagant est sur 'étagére de gauche xoju je napeneH y pay Kleiber 1992, erp. 316.(O nex ocoBenocrasa msn aantennima y nponecy attarpopsrsanutie 3 Muoro cy, mehyrum, vemhe sacrynsbene one ,,610Kaze" avabopcKe ynorpe6e 1HuHe 3aMenuue Koje cy cneunpuune camo 3a jenan jesnk HK camo 3a jenny noponuny jesuKa. Heuasxio cam (y pay On the anaphora problem in Slavic xojn 1pe6a aa Gye O6jassen y The International Journal of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics Vol. 44/45) wasia mpwuKe fla ce HOGmWKe OCBPHEM Ha :pa- CTHYHO OVCTYName CpNcKOr jesHka Of MOHalama KapakrepHcTH4HOr 3a PYCKH M MIOJKCKH MPH OTeNOTROpeMYy aHatpope y Kojoj ce ceMaHTHIKH »omcaMKana” npepuKatcka umenuua. [Iperxoguo je Jens Norgird- -Sorensen (Héprop-Cépeucen 2000), koncraryjyhu aa y nomenyra npa je- 3HKa TH4Ha 3aMeHHa O6aBsba TaKBy anahopeKy ciyx6y (yn. Hxoma ona yoce dasno no doaxcHocmu He KoMuCcap, HO ona Ocmaemca uM no npuseanuio, Uwaial sig za wielkiego filozofa i NIM rzeczywiscie byt u cn.), cacBHM HCHpaBHO HartacHO KAKO Ce y CPIICKOM TY HJICHTHIHOM TIpOHOMH- HaIHOM pemlemy HHKaKO He 6H Morya JOJeNHTH TakBa CHHTAKCHaKa éynxnuja na je, unycrpanuje panu, ykasao Ha To na pycka peyennua Jed u enpaMe Ka3anca eMy cmapoim veaoseKom Opyzozo cexa (on u Guia HM) no6uja y cpricKom cBoj upesoyu exsunanenr y peyenunu Jeda my ce yuunuo citiapum, kao “osex uz Hexoe Opyeoe exa (LITO JE OH H BHO). To ykasmpam&se ayrop je MponparHo HanoMeHOM fa cpricKH yonurTe uc- kubyuyje gaMeHnuy ¥3 avadopcKe ynorpeGe Kan ron ,,aHTeHeqeHTOM sBILeTCA HMeHHO! mpemuKat® (crp. 45). Lilo ce, MehyTHM, oBor nocuenmer ayroponor sanaxKara THYe, OHO He orosapa noctojetiem cramy creapu. Cprick, HauMe, HM. MorybHoct# Ja ynorpeGH 3aMenHny Kao aHahopcKy 3aMeHY mmpeyMMKaTcKoj HMeHHIUA, jonyme He 1M4HY, Hero MOKa3HY. Oryza Gu H OHO] pycKoj HajaBH O wenn rauauje onropapana, Kao npeBoaHH cKBHBancHT, peyeruua: Jeda MY ce YuUHUO ciapuM, Kao YOKeK U3 HeKo2 Opyeoe 6exa (on je TO u 6u0). Tlox oxommocruma 0 Kojuma je pes, mana 3amemmma cnojy 3aMemi- Bauky yaKuujy He o6aBya, OFMTNeAHO, OHAKO KAKO TO HHaye YHHH — cama co6oM, seh je o6anma y ompehenom Mophor0mKoM aay — y Qopmu mucrpymenrasa, Taken caosencKM jesHum, Kao pycKi i T1O:bCKH, KojuMa je H Aall JaHac LOCTyNHO OTeNOTBOpeHe NpenUKATCKE MMeHHUe HECTpyMeHTaoM, HeMajy, pasyMe ce, HMKaKBUX TemIKoha OKO Tora 1a M HeHOr CeMaHTHYKO-CHHTAKCHYKOr ,,3aMeHHKa” HCKa%Ky y TOM oGsuxy. ¥ caspemeHoM cranjlapaHOM cpricKoM, MehyTHM, Mop(bos1orH3a- nuja TpequKarcKe MMeHuIe HHCTpyMeHTanoM je W30GHTajeHa, TaKO 7a je aW4Hoj 3aMcHHOH yexpahcna MoryhHocr a ogropapajyhum Mopdono- IIKHM 21MKOM, 7). PopMoM HnCTpyMenTana, cHrHasu3yje CBOjy yaory ana- opexor Kopesara Taxne uMeHuue, WTO, 10 Mom ysepemy, 1 OOjanmana salto je oj, Gall y Cprickom, Ta yulora HewocTyrHa.4 Jyanocaonencas unomor LIX (2003) TIponomunania anahopa He 6upa ysex excnMuMTHa, Hero YecTo u MMILIMUHTHA, Tj. MICHA e111 OM. Kao mTo Beh OnaBHO 3HaMO, Jby NH 4 MHaye Ges ycresaba mpuGeraBajy ,,HyIH3auHjH y MpHAMKaMa Kay Tpe- 6a OcTBapHTH KOX€3Hjy YyHyTap HeKe Aare TeKcTyasHe WeMMHe, NOL- caecuo paza6upajyha aa fie my Ha norogan HaqH yorpojuTH yKOHKO 6y- AY, 1o OnpeheHuM mpaBH.THMa, H30CTABHJIM Y CBOM HCKA3y OHO ITO je MO- ryhe mpeysetH H3 mperxomuor (,t0 create cohesion by leaving out, under definite rules, what can be taken over from the preceding discourse“ Halliday and Hasan 1976, emp. 196). C pyre ctpane, aro ce u cmuxy y TOME LITO ce CBH cay2Ke ,,HYyMHIaMUjOM, jesMUM Ce HNAK YecTO OC eTHO usmeby ceGe pasuxyjy 10 MepH y Kojoj uM je Ta nojasa nocTynHa, Ta- Ko la je M Ty NoTpebHo NompoGHuje ocBeTbaBaTH CTABe CTBAPH Y CBAKOM atom jesuky nojeqHnagno. Bacay je 106po no3HaTo, Ha UpHMep, 1a cy mpeycraBHMIH COBeH- cKe jesuuKe noposmue, y nopehemy ca curmecKHm je3HKoM, H3pa3HTo .HYMM3aTOpcKH™ Hactpojenu (yn. cpncKy perenuuy Mapuja xaoce da je 10] xyituna Hoe wewup c oproBapajyhom exrneckom: Mary says that SHE has bought a new hat). Vimajyhu ympaso Ty oxonnoct mpem o4MMa 7a JW4Ha 3aMeHHa jenHor jesHka noGnja y xpyrome cBoj MpeBosHH eKBHBa- JeHT y BHULY ,,HY:1e“, HeKM ayTOpH, Kao, Ha pumep, Thomas Wasow (Wa- sow 1979, orp. 13) anu Herbert Coats x Zheng-miss Dong (Coats-Dong 1994, erp. 283), mpemiaxy fa ce TepMHH Zponomunanusayuja wpe nC- Kopumhana, Tj. Tako a ,,TOKpuje"* coGom H deHOMcH oBaKBe exHTICe. O Tome kay y CTaHyapaHOM cpricKom Mopa / Moxe / He Moxe emunca Na Haqomectu anadopexy yslory m#4He 3aMeHHe 3Ha ce, Lonyme, NOHe- UNTO, IH JOU! yBeK He H CBe UITO Gu Bamano sHaTH. Beh onasno y ctpyaHuM Kpyropuma nocroju, 1a mpumep, nyHa yny- hhentocr y To ma, aKo ce 2KenM cauysaTH HeyrpamHM Crus u3paxkasama, cy- Gjexar 3asucHe, JOnyHCKe, cunTakcuuKe CTpyktype Mopa GUTH 430- ctaBsben — ym. Mepa je o6ehao da he joj /O/ tio pehu w cx. YKonuKo, MehyTHM, Hije TakaB CTH H3paxKaBarba NocpenH, CTBApH cTOje upyrasHje. Taxo he ce y ympano HaneyleHom npuMepy, MecTo exmHIIce, nojaBHTH sHaHa 3amennua 360r norpeGe 3a HarslamapaweM 4HmeHHIe Ja he moj TO pehu Gam on, Mepa, a He HeKo upyrH (Ko ce, y paxHjum pasrosopHMa, ‘Takohe nomusao, y3 ITepy, kao moryhe ,,pemerse"): ITepa je oGehao da he joj OH io pehu. Horaha ce w 10 na emépaza Syne noceOHO MHTeH3HBHA — HeKO, peu Mo, FOBOPH 0 HeKOj OcoGH Heronyjyhx 3Gor ompefenor nocrynKa Te ocoGe na, a 6H HarnacHo To cBoje HerofoBame, y NosHUHjy anadope He nocTa- Buba IHUHY 3aMeHAMLY, Hero HOHORGeHO HME HOTHIHOF (qoTHIHE), H TO y KOHCTPYKUMjH ¢ H3pa30M Maj ucitu (ia ucita) — yu. Taxo mu je nedaenoO nex oco6enocrasa mrvnnx santenina y nponecy attaopsanutie 5 imepduo Tepa. A cad TAJ HCTH IEPA imepdu da mu nuxada nuwina cauuno Huje pexao wi ca. Heyasio cy y crpy4noj amreparypu youene usnecHe penesanTHe HecaobpasHocTH y CsIOBHCKOM jesHUKOM CBETy Koje ce THUY cBOjcTBa TOr Tor jesHKa (THX H THX jesHka) a, y onpeheHuM caysajesHma aonycTH / ue yonycra (gonyere / He Aonycre) C106 OXY U3GOpa uaMehy ana- opcKn ynorpeGsene AMUHE saMeHHNe H eNMIICe, TAK Ja ce HM Ta Tema HuKaxo uebe yOysybe emer 3a06i1a3iTH pu onucy oxroBapajyhux cpr CKUX jesHIKHX TpHAHKA. 3axpamyjyhu, Haume, ucrpaxupaykom Tpyay Marjorie J. McSha- ne, yoMepeHoM Ha OcBeTsLaBaKe MpoHoMunasHe anadopusaunje y py- CKOM, TOJbCKOM H 4eMIKOM, a 4HjH cy pesyTaTH caommTeHH y pay McShane 1999, crpysna japHocr je yrosopeHa Ha To 11a nocTojH Hecsa~ Tate Meby 1ojeqMHAM MpencraBHUMMa CHOBeHCKe jesHuKe Topomuue y caeqehem: 20x je, nom oapehenum ceMaHTH4KO-CHHTAKCHUKM YCs10- BMMA, PYCKOM H TQJBCKOM, Opel 32MCHMIKOT OGNMKA, H eNMIICA 10- ctymma Kao atepHaTuBHo atadopcxo pemere, NoTIe y YeMKOM, ON THM HCTHM YcnOBHMa, aHadopcKo Kopuunhere enunce He AonasH y 06- sup. Meby upumepuma HasedeHum uaycrpauuje pagu Haase ce u cue- aehu (B. erp. 50 u 79): (1) Mame cayaiino evinyemaa nmuyy, no com (ee) noitman. Matka przypadkiem wypuscita ptaka, ale syn (go) ztapat. Matha ndhodou vypustila ptaka, ale syn ho chytil. (2) Hovemy nodyuxa aeorcum na noay? Hoduunu (ee), noseanyiicma. Dlaczego poduszka lezy na podlodze? Podnies (ja), prosze. Pro€ ten politd® lezi na podlaze? Zvedni ho, prosim. Tipenoy na cpnckn onwx npumepa noraphyje a Taj jesux, Gaur kao uemmn, Ty uoxByayje uojany eaunce: (1) Maja je caywajno ucityciuna tiauyy, anu je HY cun yxeaituo. (2) 3awito taj jactyx aecu ua tody? TModuenu TA, moaum te. Jeatiom pexjy, y oBoj nojezunocra cpricks ce caperana y3 4eunkH, a HACYTPOT PYCKOM 1 TOISCKOM. Yeecno je a onom MecTy TloMeHYTH H 3aKBy4aK 10 Kojer je Noma, HaKOH TeMeHUX TeKcTyaqHux npoyyaBama, Bepa Murpunonuh: »Pasnnxe y araopcKoj ynorpe6u samenmue y CpmicKOM Ht TOssCKOM jesH- Ky Mory ce grosso modo cnectu wa peaatusuo Behe yuemhe npouommna- alugatyije Kao aHacbopusaunoHor TocTyMKa y CplicKoM TeKcTy y opelewy6 Jyanocaonencas unomor LIX (2003) ca nomckam. Hacynpot Tome, Kako je oSenoqauuia Hama aHamHsa, y TOCKOM TeKcTy *u3GeraBa ce’ KopulIheme saMeHHUKe aHaiope, Hajue- mhe y KopucT MaKcHMamHe TeMaTcKe KoMmpecnje (HMmHIUMpaHocT cy- Gjexra, uysra anaopa), am Taxohe, maxa pele, y Kopuct nyve uMeHHaKe pase (nonaBsbame HMeHHIKOr aHTeHeueHTa, IulacMparbe HeTOBOr CHHO- HMMA, XHTIOHHMAa, xHmeponuMa)* (Murpunosnh 2000, crp. 676). Cre mo je nocam peyexio noKasyje ua je doucra He OnxO AHO, MpH jlaBamy NoWaTAKA © CHOBEHCKHM JM4HUM 3aMeHHUaMa, ITO TIPE auuje mudopmmcarn 1 o Moryhoj axrepuauyju samenuuxa/nysrra ana(popa Y CBAKOM Ci1OBEHCKOM jesHKY NOjemMAaIHO, NoroToBy aKo je zaTH rpama~ ‘TH4KA OMIMC aTOra jesHKa HAMeHeH OHMMA KOjM Taj jesHK y4e KAO CTpAHH. Tloctoje, MebyT#M, jou! HekH 2aHuMJbHBM MIpoOueMCKH acteKTH osmaanarsa aHa*bope JMTHOM 3aMeHHIIOM KojH{ TaKoWe 3aBpehyjy H RTE ocepra Hero ITO O6H4HO LOGHjajy y crpysHoj uHTeparypH. imam Ty, mpe cpera, y Buy MoryhM deHoMeH 2a nHcopMaTHaHa MpoaupHocr nponomunasme anahope, y oxpelenom cayuajy, ,2araju unmenmuy 2a ce jean mehycoOHo paziuxyjy u no ToMe pactionaxy J WIM He pacHonaky HEKUM TOceOHUM J1eKCHUKHM WIM rpaMaTH4KHM cpedt- CTBHMa HaMeHSCHOM MpeylynpelMBamsy HactaHka Tor (beHOMeHa. Y epmckom jesuky 10 Taksor ,,3arajuparsa‘ HayseTHO peTKo 10123H, am wnak — jos1a3H. AKO HeKo, Ha MpHMep, y HeKOM apyurray H3jaBH: wllepa je Boru jaeuo da je wezoea hepxa cilluzna, OnM 02 pHCyTHHX Ko- ju uucy ynyhenu y 70 0 wnjoj ce hepku pasrosapa Hukako Hehe MobH pa- ‘2a6parh, Ha OcHoBY H3pasa wezoea, je 1M Ona TTepuna uiK Boxuna, wiK joj je, Moxna, oral Hexo Tpehe, paHHje NOMHEAHO JHE. Y onmienHursveTHaKuM pasMaTpamuMa nojana axadopysamuje CTporo ce BORK patyHa H 0 MojMOBHO-TepMHHOMOIIKOj AHCTHHKIMjH: 6e- sana anadopa (bound anaphor) | neeesana anabopa (unbound anaphor). Ha mponomunamy avadopy Kojoj ce Taio 3Ha aTeueqeHT npuMenyje Ce MpBO TOMeHYTO TepMHHOWOIIKO Peller, a Ha OY KOjoj Ce TO TAIHO He aia — apyro. Ha ntorpedy s1a ce TakBa AMCTHMKIja YBOKH HaBerA cy crpysibaxe npe cuera rpamarwuxa daxta enrmeckor jeanxa, Hbux uMajyhu y Buay, Hoam YoMcku je, cpojespemenio, ckpenyo MepojlasHHMa nakiby Ha cueuehe: samennuxn o6nK his (on he = on’) y peseunun John found his book moxe y npununny ynyhuparn Ha 610 Koje MyIKO THe, yKby- uyjyhu ty 4 uMenosanor John-a (,may refer to any male, including John“ — Chomsky 1975, erp. 104). Ja je, MehyruM, ueTH Taj ucKas Ha KojH ce ocephe Yomcku Guo opmysiical — He Ha eHTueckoM, Beh Ha cprickoM, He GHCMO OWI cYONeHH HH ca KaKBOM HejacHoLOM OKO Tora je mH WIK nnje Gam John y nrawy; jep — na jecte, pevermua Om raacua opaKo: Jovan je namao CBOJY xreuzy, a a unje — oBaxo: Joean je nawao IbE-O nex oco6enocrasa mrvnnx santenina y nponecy attaopsanutie 1 TOBY xrouzy. [pyrum pewama, xopumheme y cprickom Tap, ,2aMeHuue 3a cBaxo mune" (ceojlce6e2) cpauyvato je, y cTBapu, Ha TO Aa oGea6enH ,KOMYHHKaWUjcKy mposuanoct® y cHTyaunjama kay OH Oa saKO Moria da saraju. Hoayme, vax HM yBoRemem Tor cnenuHIHor npoHOMMHaHOr cH- TuTeTa y jesMk noreHuMjanHa onlacHocT on pedepenunjanie Hejactiohe He Mopa GurH Gam y nloTnyHOcTH oTKIOmeHa. 3a pycke MPOHOMHHaTHe 06- alnKe ce6a H céoil, KojM 1lo ynorpeGu oxroBapajy HalMM OOTHINMA ceGe H ceoj, 3uHanga JI, Tonosa (TToniosa 1982, ctp. 15) Harlomume Kako HmTak HH OHH He OBex6ebyjy AOC1e HHO 2XeseHY KOMyHUKaTHBHy jacuohy. oxycupajybu ucKa3 2 sacman nomownuxa y cebe 6 kabuneme, oua o6ja- umbana Ja Ta, Maja rpaMaTHaKH Huje HevcrIpasan, ronopun mpeneraBi- uw pyckora jesuKa ,,sa06usase“, onpenesyjyhu ce, palm ,,ycrpanenns HescHOCTH®, 3a HeMITO Apyrauuja rpaMaTHuKa pemewa — KaKy WIM sacmaa nomowynuxa 6 ETO (@ MOEM) xa6uneme, wna 4 sacmaa nomounuxa Y HETO (V MEHA) @ xa6uneme. Tosopum npeacrasiuun cpucxora jesuxa, Syayhu mumenn Mo- ryhMocTH fa ce Ty Ha WCHTHYAH HayHH HOCAyxe KOHCTPYKUMjOM ¢ H3pa- 30M ce6e, Hemajy Taj opmymaujcKm mpoGnem 11a Koj ynosopana Ton0- a. AsIM ynipauo To UrTo je AocaN carnezano oKasyje a GH y OMeKY Tor enomena — dyHKuHonMcawa ,sameHHye 32 cBaKo nMue — GusI0 nO- ‘TpeSHo, npBo, uTo npeuWsHHje ,,cHUMUTH aKTyeHY CHMKY Craiba CTBA- PH y UesOM cuIOBerCKOM je3HKOM CBETY, 1a KY OHA HOABphH KOH poH- ‘Tauuju ¢ ouroBapajyBum JeKCHuKO-TpaMaTHUKUM aTOCTHMA ApyrHXx je- swaKux ,,nlopogmua‘. Oo mpe cBera crora mITO ce, y HajuOBHje Bpeme, y uHoctpanoj cpy4Hoj mHTepatypH, cBe BMUIe ykasyje H Ha Taj heHomeH KaO Ha jean O BAKHHJUX NOKasaTesGa CMOBCHCKE HeKCHUKO-TpaMaTHAKe camocnojuocra.3 2 PMC je, ys onpensmuy cee, Aara onaKna aeuNMUNja: ,,reHHTHB NOBpATHE 3a- MOHHILe HITH JIHIHE SaMeHHILe CBAKOT JTHILa KOja Ce YOTPeOsbaRA 3a CBAKO TpAMATAHKO JH- ue Guo y jenMHHH HM MHOKHEH Kana cyOjekaT y peTeHHIM TpeGa NOHOBO HspehH y He- KOM om KoCHX maneaux onnoca”, Eby Gu, MebyTuM, TPeGaio AOMyHHTH TOATKOM 1a ce ‘TY He panH HCKBY'IHBO o TpaMATHEKOM, Beh HO TSB. ,,jorHaKOM™ cy6jexry. HasMe, ca- cua je uenpasno peha Fbeny je cao ce6e. Uajana Fhemy je a0 wweca nMasia Gu CacBHM pyro sHaxeme (rj. T0 reeza Gx ce OMHOCHLTO Ha HeKY MYMIIKY, pasroBopy HeMIpHcyTHY oco- 6y, am Koja ce MperxomHO ToMaTEaa, 3 Tako cy, Ha upuMep, cacaHM HenasKo Rose-Marie Déchaine 1 Martina Wiltschko (Déchaine-Wiltschko 2002, erp. 430) 6am Haraache Kako je jenna on ynabuBHx OnIH- Ka POMAHCKHX jesHKa OmMCHA HRBeHNHOM ja Ce TH jesAUH oTyKe HxeITTEOM GOpMOM sume samemate H Ka je ataopcKH omttoc KopeaTHBHOT KapaKTepa, Kal ij (Yi. a= me peseunne: Ja cam CEBE eudena / Mapuja ME je eudena ¢ onrosapajyhum dpanuy- cx: Je ME suis vu | Marie Ma vu).8 Jyanocaonencas unomor LIX (2003) Yxoamxo ce 6am cam cpnicku jesuk NocTaBM y 2IDKY naxie, OHA ce, IpHIMKOM omMca aHabopcKe ynoTpeGe JIHUHUX 3aMeHHIa, O6aBe3HO Mopajy oGesGeauTH H onrosapajyhu ysuau y 2e 3a Taj jesux cnenmHane nojane, Tipsa ce nojasa cBouM Ha 4HmeHMMY ja CpncKH, Koj HHade, Kao ITO 3HaMO, Huje ONpeyesseH 3a HOCEnHHje CHTHANH3OBArse TOjMoBHe JH- crmnknuje ’onpeheroct’/HeompeljeHoct’, umax, y HeKHM TIpHTHKaMa, yerpojasajyhu avadopcxn cHHTaKCHYKH KOHCTHTYeHT, ypaBo TO 44 MHM, THME UNTO Ta, Y 3aBHCHOCTH O/1 OMeHYTe AMCTHHKUMje, OTeNOTBO- pyje y OBaKBOM HI OHAKBOM seKCHuKO-rpamaTHuKOM auKy, Taxo he, Ha Mp¥Mep, y pasroBopy, Hexo Ko je ympaBo HcMpH4ao Kako je Taj H Taj On wera Mpaocuo nosune, JONYHMTH Taj CBOj ,,H3BeUITaj w3jaBOM Koja Tna- cu usm (1) 1 ja cam my HX dao, wm (2) H ja cam my dao JEQHE, cne 32- BHCHO Of Tora Jia mM ce panuno o (1) onpehenum wm 0 (2) 6x10 KojuM HOBHHaMa. Vispas jedax y caojeray axadopcKor pemiersa (2) GHTHO ce passHKy- je 0 Tor HcTOr W3paza ca HYMEPHAKHM 3HAyeHEM, YMpaBO OHAKO Kao ITO ce H CHTNeCKO one, y cily2KOH KakBy MMa Hallie HeHyMepH4KO jedan, pas- mMKyje oy eHruecKor 6pojxHor u3pa3a one (,,the proform one is distinct from the numeral one“ — Déchaine and Wiltschko 2002, crp. 410, nan. 11). Byayhu ga y Toj cBojoj anadopcxoj byuxuuju name jedan, onnocHo enrsecko one, 6a kao H M4HA 3aMeHUua, OTeTOTBOpyje Co6OM axadop- cxy mpo-dopmy (,,in its anaphoric use, one is a pro-NP“ — ucto, crp. 419), namehe ce nuTame Ha Koje sacaa jou Huje Ae@MHWTHBHO ofroBOpeHO: Kako je, ¢ TeopHjcke TagKe Tenuta, HajnpHKnaAMje, He camo TIOjMOB- HO, HETO H TepMHHONOMIKH, WLEHTHUKOBATH TakBa aHadopcKoj 3aMeHH- uM y jesnumMa axtepHatupua cpenctsa uja je Hamexia na, artadbopusyjy- hu, curuaamsyjy yjeauo u 3nayeme Heogpehenocra? Apyra mpo6nem Koju umam y Buny, a KojM ce Taxohe cpricKe ana- dopexe samennue TH4C, jecTe HeMHHORHa KOMILIMKanlHja C CHUM ,,"pe- camkaparsem“ cpojctasa UMeHMHKor alrrenteneHTa ona Kayla je y TOM aH ‘TeuleqeHTy oMMYCHO Hecarnacje H3Mehy crBapHor pola HMeHOBaHOr CTBO- Pa H OHOFa MTO O TO] NojeAMHOCTH MopHhosIOWIKH NOKa3aTesb AaTe HMeHH- ue caommasa‘. MMeanua desojue, Ha mpumep, esremmumdukyje co6om ‘TakBy sIOTHUKY aHOMaHjy, a rpamatuuKy cTBapHocr. On aHadopcKe 3ame- Hue ce, MehyTHM, ONeKYje Ja pou KOjH TpeGa a je HOM caommTeH Gye KOHIpyeHTaH ¢ oyroBapajyhuM nosaTKoM aHTeneseHTa. [uae Koje TY 40 rome xaxBH cpe MpobeMH Mory OHTH CKONIAHH ca rpaMarHSKO-sEKCHTHM naammma oGenexanamba ceMANTHKe pona y jesHHKOM cBeTy y3opHO OGaBeNITanA KxbHTa Corbett 1991.(O nex ocoBenocrasa msn aantennima y nponecy attarpopsrsanutie 9 cal HeMHHOBHO HeKpcasa raacu: Xohe 1M To HeMHHOBHO ,,carsacje Guru, y matom cay4ajy, ocrpapexo ad formam wi ad sensum? Y npunuuny je, aHa ce, Moryhe 4 jeaHo H apyro; a kako ce To KOH- xpeTHo pemiapa? Y cBom naxkise speniom pay CMomscxa 1997, Aneaauga CMombcKa je upso nogceruna: ,,cpricka muursucra A. Bemuh, M. Cresanosub, 2K. Cranojamh cy ucTuuam 2a je 3a HsGop Moslea calaramsa peslepaHTHa 2HC- ‘TaHTHa nosMunja pean Koja crlaa y KoHTpyeHTHe ofHOCE™, a 3aTHM HORA sia jla TY MMlaK HocToju jom jean, Nocax HeyoueH perysarHBHH hakrop, 4 oGjachiia Ha UITa MCA OBHM PeuMa: ,,IpHcyTHOCT KaTeropHje onpelje- HOCTH H Kareropuje HeospeHfeHocTH TaKOHe je pestenaNTHa 3a H3G0p Ce- ManTHaKor (orH™Kor) HIM TpaMarH4Kor caarama” (crp, 452), IIpu tom je, urycrpauje pam, nasena caexeha apa npumepa (crp. 453), 06a upey- sera u3 Texcta Poman 0 Jlondony Munoua HpwsacKor, Koju ersemmuin- ¢uxyjy ura Guna aKo je (1) "Heonpehenocr’ nocpenH, a mira aKo je (2) *onpelenocr’: (1) Humana je myixocia nexoe desojueima kad TA oceeiine y epaitiu- ma iipu yaasy u3 mpaka. (2) Pjetun ce cehao kako je apumao desojueiay u Kako je tioveo a JE tewu. Oxo mro crpysmsanuma mpeoctaje jecre ja miro naxruBHje ocMa- ‘tpajy Kaka je axtyeaun noctynak c pasmarpaiio KourpycH4ujom roBop- HX NpescTaBHHKa CTAHapAHOT CPIICKOF, H TO He CAMO Ola Kay OHM MH Wy, Hero H kag MebycoGHo pasroBapajy, Kako 6H ce caecTpaHHje yourTO y Kojem ce mpapuy slaHac pee, 4 110 KojeM cBe IpHHMMNY, HMXOBO past- je onperesusane 3a Kourpyenuujcko pemere Tuna ad formam, onHocHO ad sensum. UMTHPAHA JIMTEPATYPA Chomsky 1975: Noam Chomsky, Reflections on Language, New York. Coats—Dong 1994: Herbert Coats and Zheng-miss Dong, Ellipsis in Russian, Russian Linguistics, Vol. 18, Ne 3, 281-298. Corbett 1991: Grevill Corbett, Gender, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Déchaine-Wiltschko 2002: Rose Marie Déchaine and Martina Wiltschko, Decompo- sing Pronouns, Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. 33, Ne 3, 409-442. Halliday-Hasan 1976: Michael A. K. Halliday and Ruqaiy Hasan, Cohesion in English, London. Kimball 1973: John P. Kimball, The Grammar of Existence, Papers from the Ninth Re- gional Meeting Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago Illinois, 262-270. Kaajn 1985: Han Kaajn, O daynxyuju u fipupodu samenuya /BuOmnoteKa TyxHocmo- BeHcKor dusiosiora, Howa cepyja, ki». 7/, Beorpaa.10 Iyanocaonencas dusonor LIX (2003) Kleiber 1992: Georges Kleiber, Qui est sur!’étagére de gauche ou faut-il multiplier les référents?, Etudes de linguistique romane et slave, Cracovie, 315-341. Kleiber 1995: Georges Kleiber, Polysémie, transferts de sens et métonymie intégrée, Folia Linguistica XXIX 1-2, 105-132. McShane 1999: Marjorie J. McShane, The Ellipsis of Accusative Direct Objects in Russian, Polish and Czech, Journal of Slavic Linguistics, Bloomington, Indiana University, 45-88, Murpunopah 2000: Bepa Mrrputioanhi, 3amennue rpehier Hua y CpricKHM, HOsCKHM 1M pYCKHM HapaTHBHAM TexcTopHMa, Jyocnocaosencru bunonoe LVI/1-2, Beo- rpaa, 671-686. Héprop-Cépencen 2002: H. Héprop-Cépencen, Pedbepenmmansuas yuna pyccKnx ‘MeCTOHMeHIi (B COMOCTABNEHHH C MECTOHMEHHAIMH HeKOTOPAIX APYTHX CHaB- BHCKEX a3KIKOB, Bonpocio aseikosnanus Ne 2, 35-47. Tlonosa 1982: 3. 1, Honona, [pawnamuyeckaa cmunucmuka pyccxozo aseika, Bopo- Hex, usa, Boponexckoro yxuseponrera, PMC: Pewnux epiicxoxpsailicxoe Kouscesnoz jesuxa, Hou Can, Maraua cpicxa, Cuomscxa 1997: Anenanna Cmomscxa, Mehyonnoc rpaMarasicux H CeMAHTHSKHDX KA- ‘Teropyja Kon MMeHTHe y CpCKOM jesHKy, Hayynu caciuanax caaguciaia y ByKo- ae dane 26/2, Beorpan, 449-455. Wasow 1979: Thomas Wasow, Anaphora in Generative Grammar, Gent-Ant- werp-Brussels. Summary Milka Ivié ON SOME PECULIARITIES DISPLAYED BY PERSONAL PRONOUNS, IN THE ANAPHORIZATION PROCESS The central concern of this article isto bring into sharper focus some problems related to personal pronouns and anaphorization that need to receive their proper share of attention in Sla- vic grammatical descriptions, The topics examined in the article include: (1) the identification of factors preventing the occurrence of the anaphoric pronoun in a given discourse; (2) the answer to the question why Russian and Polish anaphoric pronominal expressions which substitute for the predicatively used noun do not have analogous equivalents in Modern Standard Serbian; (3) the fact that Slavic languages differ with regard to how they treat anaphoric personal pronouns in elation to “null” anaphor; (4) the phenomenon of the so-called bound / unbound anaphor; (5) the necesity to admit that the anaphorically used Serbian word jedan functions as a discrete mar- kker for the "indefiniteness’ category; (6) the need to get still more insights into what governs the gender agreement in cases when the noun’s gender semantics and its morphological gender type are noncongruent.