:

05

2013 / 2012

:
- 1 .
2 ) ( .
- 3 .
4 .
5 PV V P .
6 PV = n RT .

F

S

=P

) (N ) (m2 ) (N/m2 . Pascal

. Pa
1 pascal : .
:
S = 1m2 100 g . S

0,1 10
Mg

= P F M g = 1 Pa
1
S

=. P

100 g 104 m3 100 mL :

V 104
= = h 1 Pa . :
= 104 m = 0,1 mm
S
1
1 bar = 105 pascal

): (Bar
): (Atmosphre

1 atm = 1,013 105 Pa

1 atm = 76 cm Hg

 2 :
.
.

PV = k

) (1-

n
V

= C ' V > V ' C C

n
P =k
)(1
V

k
1 -

) ( C 100 C 0 C
.
) : (Echelle Fahrenheit . . F
32 F . 212 F
) ( Kelvin ) (K .
273 K . 373 K
4 :
.
) ( .
:

PV = k 'T
)(2
k .

- 5
l = 0 0m 0 cm ! 0 km
0 C
. . 0 C
273,15 C

. 0 K
.

. T = 0
) : (
.

.
T .

T = t + 273
273,15 273

t : C .

T : K .

.

.
) (

) (1

PV = k n

)(3

)(2

PV = k ' T

)(4

) (3 PV n
) (3 PV T
PV
PV n T = Cst
nT

: Cst

T n V P
. R
:
PV = n RT

)P (Pa) ; V (m3) ; T (K) ; n (mol

 : R
5

0 C 273 K P = 1 atm = 10 Pa
1 mol V0 = 22,4 L
:

PV 0 1, 013 105 22, 4 103

=R
=
= 8,33 Pa.m 3 .mol 1.K 1
nT
1 273