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Lightning Performance of 275 KV Transmission Lines
Lightning Performance of 275 KV Transmission Lines
Lines
R. Bhattarai1,
R. Rashedin,
S. Venkatesan,
A. Haddad,
H. Griffiths,
N. Harid
High Voltage Energy Systems Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
1
BhattaraiR@Cardiff.ac.uk
I.
INTRODUCTION
ravg
h1 + h2
(1)
r1 h2 + r2 (h1 + h2 ) + r3 h1
(h1 + h2 )
(2)
where,
r1, r2 and r3 are the radii at the top, midsection and base of the
tower respectively, and
h1 and h2 are the tower heights from base to midsection and
midsection to the tower top respectively.
The line is assumed to be located on flat terrain with a
ground flat density of 0.5 flashes per kilometre square per
year (fl/km2/yr). It is also assumed that there is no nearby
object present to cause an induced voltage flashover on the
line.
The phase conductors were twin 175mm2 Lynx type
ACSR conductors with a bundle spacing of 30.48cm and a
single Lynx ACSR conductor was used for earthwire. The
individual conductors have a 19.53mm diameter. The phase
and earth conductors were assumed to have a 7.05m and
6.66m mid-span sag respectively. The Tower structure and
conductor geometry are shown in Fig. 1.
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Eg
2 R02
700
650
600
550
500
0
10
20
Arre ster Cur rent (k A)
30
40
(4)
[V (t ) A]
dt
(5)
750
Discharge Voltage (kV)
Ig =
(6)
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R c = 10 I
0.65
(7)
0.65
for h < 40 m
(8)
6000
TFlash
Sigma-Slp
5000
4000
Overvoltage (kV)
3000
2000
1000
0
-1000
for h > 40 m
(9)
-2000
0
(a)
6000
V. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Statistical flashover analysis of the studied line is carried
out to assess the risk of flashover considering the random
behaviour of lightning. The flashover rate (number of flashes
per 100km per year) is used as the basic parameter in the
sensitivity analysis, and the performance of the line is
analysed with different arrester configurations.
The programs used in this investigation (Sigma-Slp and
TFlash) use slightly different approaches for simulating
random behaviour of lightning. In Sigma-Slp, random
lightning strokes are generated with magnitudes between 1.2
and 161.1kA and with rise times in the range between 1.2 and
4.38 s. A fixed half time of 75 s is assumed. The impulse
shape varies randomly, with a sample size of 2000. In
TFlash, however, the stroke current range can be selected
from 1kA to 300kA, and the range is divided up to 512
current bins. In order to match the two models, as closely as
TFlash
Sigma-Slp
5000
Overvoltage (kV)
10
Time (s)
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
-1000
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Time (s)
(b)
Backflashover
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0 .3 5
0. 2
0 .1 5
0. 1
0 .0 5
0
-0 .0 5
90
1. 2
1
0. 8
0. 6
0. 4
0. 2
0
0. 4
0 .6
0. 8
1. 2
TABLE I
EGM REPORT IN SIGMA-SLP
G F D (fl /k m 2 / yr )
GFD
Med. stroke
current (kA)
Total stroke
To earth
31.5
20000
14054
(R0 = 10 , = 200 m)
0.5
(b)
0 .7
0 .6
BFR (fl/100km/yr)
0 .5
To Phase A2
0 .2
To phase B2
SFFR (fl/100km/yr)
1. 4
1. 6
To phase C2
(a)
298
80
To phase C1
70
60
To phase B1
50
40
To phase A1
30
280
20
L o w C u rr e n t F o o tin g R e sista n ce (o h m )
4840
10
To tower
To shield
wire
BFR (fl/100km/yr)
0. 3
0 .2 5
331
0. 4
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0
-0 .1
0 .5
1 .5
2 .5
3. 5
F r o n t T im e ( s)
(c)
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Table III shows the results obtained with the TFlash model,
which agree with the previous findings. The SFFR obtained
in this case is slightly higher while the BFR lower.
TABLE II
FLASHOVER RATE (SIGMA-SLP MODEL)
DIFFERENT ARRESTER CONFIGURATIONS
Footing
Resistan
ce
()
Shielding Failure Flashover Rate (fl/100km/yr)
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
Backflashover Rate (fl/100km/yr)
10
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
40
0.03
0
0
0
50
0.08
0.01
0
0
60
0.14
0.03
0.01
0
70
0.26
0.07
0.02
0
80
0.35
0.11
0.03
0
Total Flashover Rate (fl/100km/yr)
10
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
20
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
30
0.63
0
0.63
0.63
40
0.67
0
0.63
0.63
50
0.72
0.01
0.63
0.63
60
0.78
0.03
0.65
0.63
70
0.90
0.07
0.66
0.63
80
0.99
0.11
0.67
0.63
mark indicates surge arrester in the phase
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
REFERENCES
[1]
[5]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
[4]
0
0
0
0
0
VI. CONCLUSION
[3]
Footing
Resistan
ce
()
10
20
30
0.01
0
0
0
0.04
0
0
0
0.09
0.02
0
0
0.15
0.03
0
0
0.25
0.05
0.02
0
Total Flashover Rate (fl/100km/yr)
10
0.70
0
0.70
0.70
20
0.70
0
0.70
0.70
30
0.70
0
0.70
0.70
40
0.71
0
0.70
0.70
50
0.74
0
0.70
0.70
60
0.79
0.02
0.70
0.70
70
0.85
0.03
0.70
0.70
80
0.95
0.05
0.72
0.70
mark indicates surge arrester in the phase
[2]
TABLE III
FLASHOVER RATE (TFLASH MODEL)
DIFFERENT ARRESTER CONFIGURATIONS
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
40
50
60
70
80
[6]
[7]
[8]
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