Carbohydrate phc tp

1. nh ngha
Carbohydrate phc hp l loi carbohydrate bao gm mt cu trc ha hc c to thnh t ba
hoc nhiu ng lin kt vi nhau to thnh mt chui.
Carbohydrate phc hp thng c tm thy trong cc loi rau, bnh m v ng cc. V d v
cc thc phm c cha carbohydrate phc hp bao gm rau bina, khoai lang, bng ci xanh, u,
b xanh, u lng, sa tch kem, ng cc nguyn ht v cc loi cy h u khc v rau.
Carbohydrate phc hp c gi tr dinh dng cao hn so vi carbohydrate n gin.
2. Phn loi
Carbohydrate phc hp c chia thnh hai loi: oligosaccharides v polysaccharides.
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Oligosaccharides bao gm mt s lng nh cc monosacarit (khng vt qu 10).

Polysaccharides thng c to thnh t mt s lng ln (ln hn 10) cc

monosacarit.

3. Mt s carbohydrate phc hp quan trng

3.1.
Oligosaccharite
L carbohydrate c t 2 n 10 gc monosaccharide ni vi nhau bng lin kt glycosis
Mt s loi Oligosaccharide ph bin l : Maltose, Lactose v Sucrose.
3.1.1. Mailtose
c pht hin bi nh ha hc ngi Ailen - Cornelius O'Sullivan - nm 1872
Cng thc phn t C12H22O11
C nhiu trong mm lc mch v ko mch nha
t tn ti dng t do
c cu to t 2 phn t D-Glucose

-maltose

-maltose

3.1.2. Lactose
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Cng thc phn t C12H22O11

c pht hin bi bc s ngi Fabrizio Bartoletti (1576-1630) vo nm 1633

C nhiu trong sa ng vt (ng sa)

c cu to t 1 phn t D-Glucose v D-Galactose

c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip thc phm v dc phm

3.1.3. Sucrose
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Cng thc phn t C12H22O11

c t tn nm 1857 bi nh ha hc ngi Anh William Miller

C nhiu trong c ci ng, thn cy ma v nhiu loi c khc (ng ma)

c cu to t 1 phn t -D-glucopyranose v -D-fructofuranose

c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip thc phm

Phn t Sucrose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose
3.2.

Polysaccharite

c to thnh t mt s lng ln cc monosaccharide

Phn ln carbohydrate tn ti dng ny

Khng c v ngt, khng c kh nng to dung dch tht khi tan trong nc, nu tan trong
nc ch to dung dch keo

Trong c th sinh vt, Polysaccharide ch yu gi chc nng cu trc hoc d tr

c phn thnh 2 nhm : Polysaccharide thun v Polysaccharide tp

3.2.1. Polysaccharite thun

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Ch cha mt loi n v cu to

Gi vai tr d tr hoc cu trc trong c th sinh vt

a. Tinh bt
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Do thc vt to ra, c nhiu ht, c, qu

L ngun nng lng d tr thc vt v l thc n cho ngi v ng vt

C 2 thnh phn l Amylose v Amylopectin

b. Glycogen
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Glycogen c pht hin bi Claude Bernard

L polysaccharite d tr ng vt, c nhiu trong gan v c vn

Glycogen c lin kt vi nhau theo mch thng bng (1 4) glycoside. Mch nhnh
c lin kt bi (1 6) glycoside

c. Cellulose
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Cellulose c pht hin vo nm 1838 bi nh ha hc ngi Php Anselme Payen

C cu trc dng si, c tm thy trong vch t bo thc vt

C t 10.000 n 15.000 n v -D-Glucose ni vi nhau bng lin kt ( 1-> 4)

glycoside

ng dng a dng trong nhiu lnh vc

d. Chitin
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c cu to bi cc n v N-acetylglucosamine ni vi nhau bng lin kt ( 1-> 4)

glycoside

L polysaccharide c dng si

Thnh phn trong v cng ca nhiu sinh vt

Nhiu ng dng trong nng nghip, cng nghip, y-sinh hc

3.3.2. Polysacchrite tp
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Cu to t nhiu loi monosaccharide khc nhau, dn xut ca monosaccharide hoc cc

cht khc

C mc nhiu trong t nhin v thc hin nhiu vai tr sinh hc quan trng

a. Peptidoglycan
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Cu to nn thnh t bo vi khun

c to thnh do s ni lun phin N-acetyglucosamine v N-acetylmuramic acid bng

lin kt ( 1-> 4) glycoside. Cc chui cnh nhau c ni vi nhau bng nhng on
peptide ngn to thnh chui vng chc

b. Glycoprotein
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C mt hoc nhiu chui oligosaccharide lin kt cng ha tr vi mt phn t protein

C nhiu vai tr trong t bo v c th: kt cu phn t (collagen), min dch (khng

nguyn), kch thch t (hormone), enzyme, th th.

c. Glycolipid

L lipid gn km vi oligosaccharite trong cc oligosacchrite nm u a nc

Hot ng nh cc v tr nhn bit ca cc t bo

Ti liu tham kho

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Gio trnh ha sinh i cng, PGS. TS. Ng Xun Mnh, NXB Nng nghip, 2009.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylopectin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose