HC VIN NNG NGHIP VIT NAM.

KHOA CNG NGH SINH HC

SEMINAR CHUYN

PHNG PHP G - BANDING

GVHD:TS.NguynHuc
Lp:CNSHCK23
Nhmthchin:NguynThHoa
NguynThHng
NguynThTm
PhmThanhTng

NI DUNG
I:I: M
M U
U

II: TNG QUAN

III: KT LUN

M U

Nhim sc th (NST)

c th loi v s lng,
hnh dng, kch thc.
ng vai tr quan trng
trong di truyn cc loi.
L mt yu t quyt nh s
tin ha hay suy thoi ca
cc loi.

Nhimscth

Ti sao nghin cu NST li quan trng?

Nghin

cu cc bnh lin quan n s

bt thng v s lng v hnh dng
ca NST (t bin NST).
Nghin cu s a dng v s tin ha
Nghin cu nhng thay i trong qu
trnh pht trin ca t bo, sinh vt.
Nghin cu s a bi ha, s hnh
thnh loi, cc con lai
4

TNG QUAN

Nhim sc th (Karyotype)

Karyotypelmthnh nhcattcccnhimsctht mt t
bo.
Karyotypecsdngkimtraxemcs btthngnhim
scthhaykhng(slng,hnhdng).
Hnh nhcanhimscthctorabngcchnhumnhim
scthvimtloithucnhumcbit,chpnh chngthng
quamtknhhinvivspxpchngtheocp.
Karyotypecungcpthngtinvslngnhimscth,cutrc
canhimscthvgiitnhcacth.

Cu trc v chc nng ca NST

NST c cu thnh bi DNA
v protein histon, hin din
trong nhn mi t bo ca c
th v mang thng tin di truyn
cn thit cho s pht trin ca
t bo

S lng NST ca cc loi

Loi

NST (2n)

Ngi

46

Tinh tinh

48

Th

44

Chut nh

40

u vn

14

Lc to

16

Nm men bnh m

17

Nm mc xanh

8
8

Interphase v Metaphase
Interphase:Lccgiaionca
chuktbogmgiaionG1,S
vG2,lcnyNSTkhngquanst
c
Metaphase:Lmtgiaionca
sphnchiatbo,lcnyNST
cunnhiunhtvdphnbit
nht

Tinkgia

Ku

Kgia

Ksau

Kcui

Cc nh khoa hc nhn bit NST bng cch no?

C 3 c im nhn ra
s ging nhau v khc
nhau ca chng:
1. Kch thc: y l cch
d dng nht phn bit
2 NST khc nhau.
2.S band: Kch thc
v v tr ca cc band
Giemsa trn NST to ra s
duy nht mi cp NST.
3. V tr tm ng: Vng
tht eo trn NST.
10

Cc kiu hnh NST

Tm ng chia NST lm 2
nhnh c gi l nhnh ngn
(p) v nhnh di (q)
Ty theo v tr ca tm ng
trn NST m chia thnh ba loi:
NST tm gia (metacentric):
tm ng nm gia, hai nhnh p
v q tng i bng nhau.
NST tm lch (submetacentric):
tm ng nm lch, s khc bit
gia nhnh p v q kh r.
NST tm u (acrocentric):
NST nm mt u ca NST.
Cc NST tm u thng c
mang cc vtinh (sattelite) ni
vi tm ng bng cc cung.

11

S phn bng trn NST

NST

c nhum vi nhiu loi thuc

nhum cho php pht hin cc on trn
NST .
Hu ht cc phng php c th pht
hin 500 band/b n bi.
Cc phng php c phn gii cao c
th pht hin 850 band/b n bi, iu
ny cho php pht hin ra cc mt on
nh .
12

13

14

15

G-Banding
GBandingcthcnhnghalhthngccvchsngti
trnsutchiudicaNST(bangtilvngnhiuT/A)
Trong k thut nhum ny, NST k gia c x l bng
trypsinsaucnhumGiemsa
Gbandingcthcthhinddngbst,chim,ngvt
cvnhngtcsdngithngthcvt

16

G - banding
Cc

vng nhum c mu ti l vng ti

bn mun trong pha S ca chu trnh t
bo v cha nhiu cht nhim sc
Trong khi cc bng sng mu thng
c ti bn sm trong pha S, v c t
cht nhim sc hn.

17

Loi t bo c s dng
G-Banding c lp t vic nui cy 4 loi t bo chnh:
- Cc nguyn bo si thu c t sinh thit da.
- Cc t bo nc i thu c qua vic chc d nc i vo tun
l th 13 - 14 ca thai k.
- Cc t bo ca lp nhung mao mng m (chorionic villi) c
ly t bnh nhau vo tun l th 7-8 ca thai k
- Cc t bo lympho.
Vic la chn loi t bo ph thuc vo yu cu chn on. a s
trng hp vic lp karyotype c thc hin thng qua vic
18
nui cy t bo lympho ca mu ngoi vi.

19

G-banding t mu mu

20

21

22

Mt s d thng trn NST

NST

d thng c th l:
V s lng:
- a bi: 3n, 4n
- Thm hoc mt NST: th 2n-1, chng
tam bi (2n+1)
V cu trc: o on, mt on, lp
on
23

Pht hin cc bt thng NST

24

Mt s dng t bin NST d bi

25

Mt s dng t bin NST d bi

26

Mt s dng t bin NST d bi

27

Mt s dng t bin NST d bi

28
B NST ca bnh nhn Klinefelter

H thng G-banding thng thng

29

H thng G-banding hin i

H thng t ng iu khin vic nhum, ra, khuy lc,

thi gian v nhit m x l mt nhm ln ti 24
slides theo mt quy trnh c ti u ha. H thng ny
gip gii phng thi gian k thut mt cch hp l bng
cch hn ch s dng nhng chai l, b nhum v a
30
nhum s dng theo phng php thng thng.

31

Kt lun
G-banding

l th hin tng i r rng

hnh nh nhim sc th k gia ca
chu k t bo dng pht hin nhng
bt thng trong b nhim sc th.
G-banding cn c s dng trong
nghin cu b NST cc t bo giao
t, nghin cu th h lai, nghin cu
ung th.
32

Ti liu tham kho

1. On-line medical dictionary. G-banding: Banding pattern. 1997. [cited 2004 Feb 6]. Available
from URL: http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?G-banding.
2. On-line medical dictionary. Q-banding. 2000. [cited 2004 Feb 6]. Available from URL:
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=q-banding.
3. On-line medical dictionary. R-banding stain. 2000. [cited 2004 Feb 6]. Available from URL:
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?R-banding+stain.
4. Mitosis: http://www.iupui.edu/%7Ewellsctr/MMIA/htm/animations.htm
5. http://learning.londonmet.ac.uk/HHS/baxc/msp003n/cytogenetics.ppt
6.http://www.cdc.gov/excite/ScienceAmbassador/ambassador_pgm/lessonplans/high_school/Cytoge
netics/Chromosomal%20Karyotypes.ppt

33

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION