HC VIN NNG NGHIP VIT NAM

KHOA CNG NGH SINH HC

CARBOHYDRATE PHC HP
GVHD:

PGS. TS. Ng Xun Mnh

Lp:
CNSHCK23
Nhm thc hin: Phm Thanh Tng
Nguyn Th Thy Hng
Th Hin
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NI DUNG
1. NH NGHA

2. PHN LOI
3. MT S CARBOHYDRATE
PHC HP QUAN TRNG

1. nh ngha
Carbohydrate phc hp l loi carbohydrate bao
gm mt cu trc ha hc c to thnh t ba
hoc nhiu ng lin kt vi nhau to thnh
mt chui.
Carbohydrate phc hp thng c tm thy
trong cc loi rau, bnh m v ng cc. V d v
cc thc phm c cha carbohydrate phc hp
bao gm rau bina, khoai lang, bng ci xanh,
u, b xanh, u lng, sa tch kem, ng cc
nguyn ht v cc loi cy h u khc v rau.
Carbohydrate phc hp c gi tr dinh dng cao
hn so vi carbohydrate n gin.
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Phn loi
Carbohydrate phc hp c chia thnh hai loi: oligosaccharides v polysaccharides.
- Oligosaccharides bao gm mt s lng nh cc monosacarit (khng vt qu 10).
-

Polysaccharides thng c to thnh t mt s lng ln (ln hn 10) cc

monosacarit.

Mt s Carbohydrate quan trng

Oligosaccharide
- L carbohydrate c t 2 n 10 gc monosaccharide ni vi nhau bng lin kt
glycosis
- Mt s loi Oligosaccharide ph bin l : Maltose, Lactose v Sucrose.

Maltose
- c pht hin bi nh ha hc ngi Ailen Cornelius O'Sullivan - nm 1872
- Cng thc phn t C12H22O11
- C nhiu trong mm lc mch v ko mch nha
- t tn ti dng t do
- c cu to t 2 phn t D-Glucose
Thy phn Maltose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose

-maltose

-maltose
Phn t Maltose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose

Lactose
- Cng thc phn t C12H22O11
- c pht hin bi bc s ngi Fabrizio Bartoletti
(1576-1630) vo nm 1633
- C nhiu trong sa ng vt (ng sa)
- c cu to t 1 phn t D-Glucose v D-Galactose
- c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip thc phm
v dc phm

Phn t Lactose
http://www.ilri.org/InfoServ/Webpub/fulldocs/ilca_manual4/Milkche
mistry.htm
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Sucrose
- Cng thc phn t C12H22O11
- c t tn nm 1857 bi nh ha hc ngi Anh William
Miller
- C nhiu trong c ci ng, thn cy ma v nhiu loi c
khc (ng ma)
- c cu to t 1 phn t -D-glucopyranose
v -D-fructofuranose
- c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip thc phm

Phn t Sucrose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose

Polysaccharide
- c to thnh t mt s lng ln cc monosaccharide
- Phn ln carbohydrate tn ti dng ny
- Khng c v ngt, khng c kh nng to dung dch tht khi tan trong nc, nu tan
trong nc ch to dung dch keo
- Trong c th sinh vt, Polysaccharide ch yu gi chc nng cu trc hoc d tr
- c phn thnh 2 nhm : Polysaccharide thun v Polysaccharide tp

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Polysaccharide thun
- Ch cha mt loi n v cu to
- Gi vai tr d tr hoc cu trc trong c th sinh vt
- c chi thnh cc loi:
- Tinh bt
- Glycogen
- Dextran
- Cellulose
- Chitin
- Inulin
- Glucane

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Tinh bt
- Do thc vt to ra, c nhiu ht, c, qu
- L ngun nng lng d tr thc vt v l thc n
cho ngi v ng vt
- C 2 thnh phn l Amylose v Amylopectin

Phn t Amylose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylose

Phn t Amylopectin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylopectin

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Glycogen
- Glycogen c pht hin bi Claude
Bernard
- L polysaccharite d tr ng vt, c nhiu trong
gan v c vn
- Glycogen c lin kt vi nhau theo mch thng
bng (1 4) glycoside. Mch nhnh c lin kt
bi (1 6) glycoside

Lin kt trong phn t Glycogen

https://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/gly

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Cellulose
- Cellulose c pht hin vo nm 1838 bi nh ha
hc ngi Php Anselme Payen
- C cu trc dng si, c tm thy trong vch t bo
thc vt
- C t 10.000 n 15.000 n v -D-Glucose ni vi
nhau bng lin kt ( 1-> 4) glycoside
- ng dng a dng trong nhiu lnh vc

Phn t Cellulose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose

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Chitin
- c cu to bi cc n v N-acetylglucosamine ni
vi nhau bng lin kt ( 1-> 4) glycoside
- L polysaccharide c dng si
- Thnh phn trong v cng ca nhiu sinh vt
- Nhiu ng dng trong nng nghip, cng nghip, ysinh hc

Phn t Chitin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin

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Polysaccharide tp
- Cu to t nhiu loi monosaccharide khc nhau, dn
xut ca monosaccharide hoc cc cht khc
- C mc nhiu trong t nhin v thc hin nhiu vai tr
sinh hc quan trng
- c chi thnh cc loi:
- Hemicellulose
- Pentosane
- Pectine
- Peptidoglycan
- Glycoprotein
- Glycolipid
-
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Peptidoglycan
- Cu to nn thnh t bo vi khun
- c to thnh do s ni lun phin Nacetyglucosamine v N-acetylmuramic acid bng lin
kt ( 1-> 4) glycoside. Cc chui cnh nhau c
ni vi nhau bng nhng on peptide ngn to thnh
chui vng chc

Cu to peptidoglycan
http://byosis.tumblr.com/post/79280279995/peptidogly

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Glycoprotein
- C mt hoc nhiu chui oligosaccharide lin kt
cng ha tr vi mt phn t protein
- C nhiu vai tr trong t bo v c th: kt cu phn
t (collagen), min dch (khng nguyn), kch thch
t (hormone), enzyme, th th.

Glycolipid

Glycoprotein th th
http://www.apexbt.com/fusion-glycoprotein-92-106-human-respiratory-syncytial-virus.html

- L lipid gn km vi oligosaccharite trong cc

oligosacchrite nm u a nc
- Hot ng nh cc v tr nhn bit ca cc t bo

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Ti liu tham kho

-

Gio trnh ha sinh i cng, PGS. TS. Ng Xun Mnh, NXB Nng nghip, 2009.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylopectin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose
..

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XIN CHN THNH CM N THY V CC BN

CH LNG NGHE

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