Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

BO CO QUY TRNH QUN L CHT

LNG PHT TRIN PHN MM CMMI
GVHD: TH BCH NGC
SV: NGUYN TH THY

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Mc lc
Li m u.................................................................................................................... 3
Phn 1: Tng quan v CMM/CMMI.............................................................................5
I.

Gii thiu v CMM/CMMI..................................................................................5

II. Gii thiu v ISO? So snh ISO v CMM/CMMI?...........................................10

1. Gii thiu v ISO............................................................................................10
2. So snh ISO vi CMM/CMMI.......................................................................11
Phn II: Cu trc v cc level ca CMMI :.................................................................13
I.

Cu trc ca CMMI :.........................................................................................13

II. Cc level caCMMI :.........................................................................................14

1. Level 1 : khi u (Initial)..............................................................................16
2. Level 2 : Lp (Repeatable)..............................................................................17
3. Level 3 : Xc lp (Defined )..........................................................................20
4. Level 4 : Kim sot (Quantitatively Managed)...............................................22
5. Level 5 : Ti u (Optimizing).........................................................................24
III. Vit Nam p dng CMM/CMMI trong lnh vc phn mm......................................25

Phn III: Tng kt........................................................................................................ 26

Ngun ti liu tham kho..............................................................................................27

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Li M u
Ngy nay trong hon cnh cnh tranh vi quy m ton cu, c th tn ti v
pht trin bn vng c cc doanh nghip cng ngy cng phi quan tm hn
ti cc phng php qun l cht lng. Nng cao cht lng sn phm nhm
mc ch to nim tin vi khch hng. ng thi, doanh nghip phi sn xut
c nhng sn phm p ng c nhu cu cc i tng tiu dng ca mnh.
Yu t hng u tc ng n quyt nh ca khch hng trong vic mua 1 sn
phm chnh l cht lng sn phm. i vi bt k i tng khch hng
no, cht lng u l mi quan tm hng u, n nh hng n quyt nh
ca h.
Vy cht lng l g? V n c nh ngha nh th no?
Cht lng l 1 khi nim rt quen thuc nhng n gy rt nhiu
tranh ci v c din t rt khc nhau.
Theo cc chuyn gia th cht lng c din t rt khc nhau:
Theo gio s ngi M - Juran : cht lng l s ph hp
vi yu cu.
Theo gio s ngi M - Crosby : cht lng l s ph
hp vi cc yu cu hay c tnh nht nh.
Theo gio s ngi Nht Ishikawa : cht lng l s
tha mn nhu cu ca th trng vi chi ph thp nht.
Ngoi ra, cn 1 s nh ngha v cht lng nh sau:
Cht lng l s khng nhng b v s c gng ca mi
ngi trong t chc hiu bit v p ng nhng i hi
ca khch hng.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Cht lng khng ch l s hi lng ca khch hng m

cn lm cho h say m sn phm, a ra nhng ci mi,
sng to.

Cht lng l kh nng c trng cho kh nng tha mn

nhu cu ca khch hng. V vy, sn phm dch v no
khng p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng th n b coi
l km cht lng cho d trnh cng ngh sn xut ra c
hin i th no i chng na.

Cn theo tiu chun ca ISO (t chc tiu chun ha quc t)

9000:2000 th cht lng c nh ngha nh sau: cht lng
l mc ca 1 tp hp c c tnh vn c p ng c cc yu
cu.
Cn cht lng phn mm c nh ngha ra sao?
Cht lng phn mm l 1 nh gi tng th da trn mt s ch
s nh y cc chc nng, tnh chnh xc ca kt qu, tin
cy, d s dng, linh hot, d bo tr, thng nht, vn ton ca
thng tin.
y l 1 s ch tiu ca phn mm c cht lng theo tiu chun
ISO :
Chc nng ca phn mm phi tha mn cc nhu cu ca
khch hng.
D s dng.
tin cy: gm c c kh nng chu li.
Hiu sut: kh nng duy tr hot ng ngay c khi c s
dng cao.

Bo tr.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Phn 1: Tng quan v CMM/CMMI

I.

Gii thiu v CMM/CMMI.

1. Ngun gc ca CMMI:
CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) l phin bn k tip
ca CMM. C CMM v CMMI u c nghin cu bi vin phn
mm (SEI: Software Engineering Institute) M, trng i hc
Carnegie Mellon. CMM c pht trin t nm 1987 n nm 1997.
Nm 2000 CMMI phin bn 1.02 c a ra th trng. Phin bn
CMMI 1.2 ra i vo 8/2006. Hin ti phin bn mi nht l phin bn
CMMI 1.3 ra i vo nm 2010. n 1/2013 ton b sn phm ca
CMMI c chuyn t SEI ti t chc CMMI. 1 t chc mi c
thnh lp ti i hc Carnegie Mellon.
M hnh CMMI c s dng nh 1 cng c nh gi kh nng ca
cc t chc khi h tin hnh 1 d n phn mm theo hp ng. Tuy
CMMI c thit k nh gi qu trnh pht trin phn mm nhng
n v ang c s dng nh 1 m hnh chung cho cc cng ty v
cng ngh thng tin.
2. CMM/CMMI l g?

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Theo vin nghin cu SEI ca M, CMM l mt phng php tip

cn ci tin quy trnh cung cp cho cc t chc vi yu t thit yu
ca qu trnh m hiu qu cui cng l ci thin hiu sut. C th ni,
CMM l 1 b khung nhng chun ra cho 1 tin trnh sn xut phn
mm hiu qu, bao gm vic m t cc nguyn tc, cc thc tin, lch
trnh ... cho 1 d n phn mm.

Nm 2000, m hnh CMMI (Capability Maturity Intergration

Integration) l phin bn mi ca CMM thay th CMM. y l m
hnh c pht trin nhm cung cp nhng tiu chun hng dn,
kinh nghim thc t pht trin, ci tin cc quy trnh ca 1 t chc
phn mm. Hay ni cch khc CMMI l chun qun l quy trnh cht
lng phn mm, l khun kh cho cc quy trnh qun l cht lng
phn mm.
M hnh CMM/CMMI gm 5 levels v 18 KPAs ( vng quy trnh
quan trng Key Process Area):
Level 1: Khi u (initial) : khng c KPAs no
y l im khi u s dng 1 quy trnh mi.
Level 2 :Lp (Repeatable) : c 6 KPAs.
Quy trnh c lp li nhiu ln.
Level 3: Xc lp (Defined) : c 7 KPAs.
Quy trnh c xc lp / xc nhn nh 1 quy trnh doanh
nghip chun.
Level 4 : Kim sot (Quantitatively managed) : c 2 KPAs.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Tin hnh kim sot v o lng quy trnh sn xut phn

mm.
Level 5 : Ti u (Optimizing) : c 3 KPAs.
Kim sot quy trnh bao gm vic nhc k ci tin/ ti
u ha quy trnh.

CMMI a ra cc m hnh khc nhau cho tng mc ch s dng c

c im ring:
CMMI SW (CMMI - Software Engineering): dnh cho
cng ngh phn mm.
CMMI SE/SW (Capability Maturity Model Integration for
Systems Engineering and Software Engineering) : dnh cho
cng ngh h thng v phn mm.
CMMI SE/SW/IPPD (CMMI for Systems Engineering
and Software Engineering, Integrated Product and Process
Development): dnh cho cng ngh h thng v cng ngh
phn mm vi vic pht trin sn phm v quy trnh tch
hp.
3. CMMI c dng lm g?
Cc cng ty, doanh nghip s dng m hnh CMMI h tr vic xc
nh ci tin quy trnh xy dng h thng v pht trin quy trnh
cht lng phn mm v pht trin quy trnh.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Cng ty s dng quy trnh ny pht trin, duy tr cc sn phm v

dch v lm chun cho chnh h chng li cc cng ty khc.
CMMI khng th nhanh chng ph hp vi tt c cc cng ty m cng
khng nh hng n s pht trin ca cng ty . V qu trnh ci
thin d n i hi c nhiu kin thc v ngun lc nn cc cng ty
ln c th c c kt qu tt hn t CMMI.
SEI khng cp giy chng nhn cho bt c CMMI no. SEI ch cp
giy php hot ng v cho php cc nh thm nh hng u tin
hnh nh gi.

4. Li ch ca CMMI:
Li ch chung:
Ci tin nng lc bng cch nng cao kin thc v k nng ca
lc lng lao ng.
Hng ng lc ca c nhn vo vi mc tiu ca t chc.
Gim bt cc cng vic lp li.
Nng lc pht trin phn mm l thuc tnh ca t chc ch
khng phi ca 1 vi c th.
i vi doanh nghip :
C thm nhng quyt nh rt khot r rng trong vic qun
l.
C tm nhn v phm vi trong vng i pht trin phn mm
cng nh cc hot ng m bo sn phm hoc dch v p
ng c nhu cu ca khch hng.
Thc hin y v thun thc vi cch thc lm vic.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Kt hp nhng g c c v thm vo c nhng thc

hnh tt nht.

i vi ngi qun l ( ngi thc hin):

Mi trng lm vic tt.
Vch r vai tr, trch nhim ca tng v tr cng vic.
nh gi ng nng lc.
Lin tc pht trin nhng k nng ct yu.
t c gi tr ln nht thng qua cc quy trnh ca m hnh CMMI
lin quan n ba yu t then cht :

Hiu c cc gii php mi

Khng s dng m hnh ny mt cch my mc, dp khun m
hy lm cho chng ph hp vi mi trng.
i lin vi nhng thay i lu di cc m hnh CMMI c
th to ra s khc bit

5. Tng lai ca CMMI

CMMI c thit k vi kh nng m rng v tn. Vin SEI ang

tin hnh mt quy trnh ti ch thm nhng nguyn tc mi cho b
sn phm CMMI.c cu t chc nh vy s nhm cc gii php ti
u vo thnh cc chm sao. Mi chm sao l mt tp hp ca cc
b phn CMMI, cc b phn ny c s dng to ra cc m hnh,
cc cht liu v cc ti liu c cht lng cao.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Gn y cu trc m hnh CMMI c thay i h tr cho cc

chm sao v vic chia s nhng gii php ti u gia cc chm sao
v cc m hnh thnh vin ca chng.
6. Tiu chun nh gi CMMI( SCAMPI)
Phng php nh gi tiu chun cht lng CMMI ci tin quy
trnh (SCAMPI) cung cp cc phng php nh gi bng cch s
dng cc m hnh CMMI. Cc loi giy php ca SEI kt hp vi
nhau thc hin cc phng php nh gi SCAMPI v o to
nhng ngi nh gi.
C 3 mc SCAMPI l : A, B v C. SCAMPI A xem xt cc mc
k hn v l mc c bn nh gi trong khi mc B v C
xem xt cch tip cn v qu trnh trin khai.

II.

Gii thiu v ISO? So snh ISO v CMM/CMMI?

1. Gii thiu v ISO.
a. ISO l g?
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) l t chc
tiu chun ha quc t, l c quan thit lp tiu chun quc t

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

bao gm cc i din t cc t chc quc gia. T chc c

thnh lp vo nm 1947, t chc ny a ra cc tiu chun
thng mi, sn xut v thng tin trn phm vi ton th gii.
ISO c tr s Geneva (Thu s) v l mt t chc Quc t
chuyn ngnh c cc thnh vin l cc c quan tiu chun
Quc gia ca 111 nc. Tu theo tng nc, mc tham gia
xy dng cc tiu chun ISO c khc nhau
b. 1 s b tiu chun ca ISO.
ISO 9000 H thng qun l cht lng - Nguyn tc c bn v
t vng, bao gm nhng tiu chun c bn v h thng qun l
cht lng ang cha ng nhng ngn ng ct li ca b tiu
chun ISO 9000.
ISO 9001 H thng qun l cht lng - Cc yu cu d kin
cho s dng bt k t chc m thit k, pht trin, sn xut,
lp t hay phc v cho bt k 1 sn phm no hoc cung cp
bt k kiu dch v no. N em li s lng yu cu m cc t
chc cn phi hon thnh nu nh n lm va lng khch hng
thng qua nhng sn phm v dch v hon chnh m lm tha
mn mong ch ca khch.

Mt s phin bn ca ISO 9001:

ISO 9001:1987 : Qun l cht lng - M hnh
m bo cht lng trong thit k trin khai, sn
xut, lp t v dch v k thut.
ISO 9001:1994 : Tiu chun Vit Nam tng
ng: TCVN ISO 9001:1996 Qun l cht lng
Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

- M hnh m bo cht lng trong thit k, trin

khai, sn xut, lp t v dch v k thut.
ISO 9001:2000 : Tiu chun Vit Nam tng
ng: TCVN ISO 9001:2000 Qun l cht lng
- Cc yu cu.
ISO 9001:2008 : Tiu chun Vit Nam tng
ng: TCVN ISO 9001:2008 Qun l cht lng
- Cc yu cu. y l phin bn hin hnh ca ISO
9001
ISO 9004 H thng qun l cht lng - Hng dn ci tin. N em
li cho bn nhiu li khuyn v vic bn c th lm g ni bt h
thng hon thin. Tiu chun ny c tuyn b mt cch c
th rng n s dn ng cho vic thc thi mt cch y .
2. So snh ISO vi CMM/CMMI
ISO l tiu chun quc t v qun l cht lng, cc iu khon yu
cu quy nh nhng im cn phi lm , khng ch ra vic nn lm
th no
CMM/ CMMI l 1 m hnh, cung cp cc hng dn v kinh nghim
c th pht trin, ci tin v nh gi nng lc ca mnh.
CMM/ CMMI khng phi l tiu chun, n ty thuc vo tng t
chc, cch thc thc hin khc nhau rt nhiu.

V nguyn tc, ISO bao gm hu ht cc quy trnh ch cht ca

CMM/CMMI. Tuy nhin ISO dng cho mi ngnh ngh, do vy
khng c th v gn gi vi cng vic c th c lin quan n phn
mm nh CMM/CMMI. ISO cng khng cung cp cc v d v kinh
nghim c th nh CMM/CMMI.
Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

So vi ISO th CMMI c nhiu u vit hn, c bit l v hiu

qu loi b li. CMMI l 1 khung cc chun mc ra cho mt
tin trnh sn xut phn mm hiu qu m nu cc t chc p
dng n s thu li s kh dng v mt chi ph, thi gian, cht
lng sn phm phn mm. i vi cc doanh nghip hin nay,
CMMI chnh l tiu chun nh gi mc chuyn nghip v
cht lng phn mm.

Phn II: Cu trc v cc level ca CMMI :

I.

Cu trc ca CMMI :

Cu trc ca CMMI gm cc thnh phn :

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Maturity Levels (mc trng thnh): L cc lp c cu

t chc vi iu kin l mt chui cc quy tc c nh ra
cn thit lin kt trong quy trnh pht trin phn mm. N
rt quan trng i vi cc t chc, cng ty cn pht trin
nng lc lm vic, khi lng cng vic, cng ngh hoc
cng c trong hot ng. N gip cc d n, cc nhm, cc
cng ty nh hng c vic trnh by hp l trong cc la
chn.
Key process areas KPA ( min quy trnh): mi 1 mc
trng thnh bao gm 1 vi min quy trnh. Min quy trnh
l 1 nhm cc hot ng c lin quan vi nhau khi thc hin
trung hon tt mc tiu.
Goals: Mc tiu ca mt phm vi min quy trnh (KPA) tm
tt tnh trng phi tn ti ca phm vi min quy trnh thc
hin y vi kt qu v qu trnh thc hin di lu. Quy
m ca mc tiu hon thnh l cho bit nng lc ca t
chc thit lp trn cc cp bc ca s thun thc.
Common Features (cc tnh nng chung) : Nhng im c
trng bao gm thc hnh v th ch ha phm vi min quy
trnh KPA. N bao gm 5 dng l Commitment to Perform
(giao ph n thc hin), Ability to Perform (kh nng n
thc hin), Activities performed (cc hot ng thc
hin), Measurement and Analysis (o lng v phn tch),
v Verifying Implementation (thc hin thm tra).
Key Practices: Kha thc hin m t cc yu t ca c s h
tng v thc hin gp phn to nhng hiu qu thc s trong
vic thc hin v th ch ha min quy trnh KPA.
II.

Cc level ca CMMI:

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

CMMI gm 5 levels v 18 KPAs (vng quy trnh quan trng

Key Process Area). Trong , mi level u tun theo 1
chun mc cao hn. Mun t c chun cao hn th
cc chun ca level trc phi tha mn. Mi level u c
c im ch quan trng ca n m cc doanh nghip phi
p ng c.
Level 1 : khi u (Initial) khng c KPAs no.
Level 2 : Lp (Repeatable) c 6 KPAs.
Level 3 : Xc lp (Defined) c 7 KPAS.
Level 4: Kim sot (Quantitatively Managed) c 2
KPAs.
Level 5 : Ti u (Optimizing) c 3 KPAs.
18 KPAs ca CMMI u c 5 thuc tnh (chc nng) chung,
trong c cc quy tc v Key Pratice (kha thc hin) l
nhng hng dn v cc th tc (Procedure), quy tc
( Polities) v hot ng (Activites) ca tng KPA.

Level 5:
Optimizing (ti
u).

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Level 4:
Quantitaviely
(kim sot)
Level 3:
Defined( xc
lp)
Level 2:
Repeatable(l
p)

Level 1:

initial( khi

u)

Cc level trong m hnh CMMI

1 Level 1 : khi u ( initial)

y l bc khi u ca CMMI, qu trnh ny thng hn
n v hn lon. T chc thng khng cung cp mt mi
trng n nh. V vy, mi cng ty hay doanh nghip, c th

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

u c th t c v level ny CMMI cha yu cu bt k

tnh nng no.
c im :
Cc hot ng ca lc lng lao ng c quan
tm hng u nhng c thc hin mt cch hp
tp vi v.
o to qun l nhn lc nh b ch yu da vo
kinh nghim c nhn.

Ngi qun l mong b phn nhn s iu hnh v

kim sot cc hot ng ca lc lng lao ng.

Cc hot ng ca lc lng lao ng khng p

ng ngay m khng cn phn tch nh hng.
Doanh s thng xuyn thay i : nhn vin khng
trung thnh vi t chc.
y l im khi u cho mt quy trnh mi. Nn cc t chc
khng c cc tin hnh cu trc. Quy trnh phn mm c th t
pht trin rt hn n v khng d on trc c. Cht
lng ca phn mm cng khng th bit c. Cc doanh
nghip sn xut ra phn mm hoc dch v thng b vt qu
ngn sch d tho v k hoch ca d n.

2 Level 2 : Lp ( Repeatable)

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

level 2 th ngi qun l phi thit lp c cc nguyn tc

c bn v qun l tt c cc hot ng din ra. H phi c trch
nhim phi qun l i ng ca mnh. Chng gm c :
Requirement Management (Ly yu cu khch
hng, qun l cc yu cu )

Software Project Planning (Lp cc k hoch cho

d n)

Project Monitoring and control (Theo di gim st

v kim sot d n)

Measurement and analysis (o lng v phn tch)

Software Configuration Management (Qun tr cu
hnh sn phm => ng yu cu ca khch hng
khng)
Process and product quality assurance (m bo qu
trnh v cht lng ca sn phm)

Mc 2, s c nhng c im c trng sau :

Goal (mc tiu): cc hot ng v nhng xut ca
mt d n phn mm phi c ln k hoch v vit
ti liu y .
Commitment ( xut/xem xt): d n phi tun th
theo cc qui tc ca t chc khi hoch nh.
Ablility (Kh nng): Vic thc hin lp k hoch cho
d n phn mm phi l bc thc hin t rt sm khi
d n c bt u.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Measument (o lng ): S o lng lun c thc

thi v s dng chng ta lun c th xc nh v kim
sot c tnh trng cc hot ng trong tin trnh thc
hin d n.
Verification (Kim chng ): Cc hot ng khi lp k
hoch d n phi c kim tra li ca cc qun l
cp cao.
t c level 2, mt t chc phi t c tt c cc mc
tiu c th ca level 2. D n ca t chc phi m bo rng
cc yu cu c qun l v cc quy trnh c ln k hoch,
thc hin, nh gi v kim sot.
level ny, tt c cc yu cu, quy trnh, sn phm u c
qun l. Ti mi thi im c xc nh u c th thy c
tnh trng ca d n.
Cc quy trnh qun l d n c thit lp c gi thnh,
k hoch cng nh chc nng. Sn phm phi p ng c
yu cu, quy nh, tiu chun v mc tiu.
Cc KPAs ca n cn ch trng ti cc thnh phn:
Ch i ng
o to
Qun l thnh tch
Phn cng lao ng
Thng tin giao tip
Mi trng lm vic

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

t level 1 tin ti level 2 ta cn c nhng iu kin sau :

Trc ht ta cn phi tha mn cc iu kin level 1. Cn ch ti cc
yu t sau :
Mi trng lm vic:
m bo iu kin lm vic
To hng th trong cng vic
Khng b nh hng, gy mt tp trung bi cc yu t khc

Thng tin:
Xy dng c ch truyn thng tin sut t trn xung v
ngc li nhm gip cc c nhn trong t chc chia s thng
tin, kin thc, kinh nghim, cc k nng giao tip phi hp
v lm vic hiu qu.
Xy dng i ng nhn vin:
Ngay t khu tuyn dng, cn la chn k cng, nh
hng, th ch ha quy trnh tuyn dng.
Qun l thnh tch:
Cn y mnh thnh tch, cng nhn nng lc, thnh tch
bng cch thit lp cc tiu ch khch quan nh gi v
lin tc khuyn khch kh nng lm vic, tp trung pht trin
s nghip, xy dng cc mc tiu tip theo.
Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

o to :
Khng ch o to cc kin thc chuyn mn phc v cho
d n m cn m rng o to cc k nng then cht, cn
thit nh k nng lm vic nhm, k nng qun l nhm
to c hi cho nhn vin pht huy ht kh nng ca mnh v
c c hi hi, pht trin bn thn.

Ch i ng:
Hoch nh chin lc i ng, thu thp kin lc lng
lao ng v cng b cng khai. Ch i ng cn tp
trung vo vic tr lng cho cng nhn vin da vo vai tr,
v tr ca h (Position), Con ngi (Person) thi v tc
phong lm vic v thnh tch (Performance) m h t c,
cng hin cho t chc. a ra c chnh sch lng,
thng, ph cp cc quyn li khc khuyn khch cc c
nhn da trn s ng gp ca h v cp pht trin ca
ton t chc.
3 Level 3 : Xc lp (Defined )
Cc vng tin trnh ch cht mc 3 nhm vo c hai vn
v d n v t chc. Cc tiu chun, quy trnh, th tc
cho 1 d n c thit k ring t cc t chc vi cc quy

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

trnh tiu chun cho ph hp vi 1 d n c th. Quy trnh

phn mm cho cc hot ng qun l cng nh sn xut
c ti liu ha v tch hp vo quy trnh phn mm chun
ca nh sn xut. Level 3 tp trung vo cc yu t sau:
Requirements Development (Pht trin yu cu)
Technical Solution (Gii php k thut)
Product Integration (Tch hp sn phm)
Organizational Process Focus (Tp trung tin trnh
t chc)
Organizational Process Definition (Phn nh tin
trnh t chc)
Organizational Training (T chc o to)
Integrated Project Management (Qun l tch hp
d n)
Risk Management (Qun l ri ro)
Decision Analysis and Resolution (Phn tch quyt
nh v gii php)
t c level 3 th t chc phi nm r v hiu cc quy
trnh c miu t trong cc tiu chun, phng php.
Ngi qun l phi bin i ci tin cc hot ng ang
din ra, ci tin mi trng lm vic.

level 3, t chc phi t c tt c cc mc tiu c th ,

yu cu c th ca c mc 2 v 3.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

KPA ch trng ti cc yu t sau :

Vn ha c th
Cng vic da vo k nng
Pht trin s nghip
Hoch nh nhn s
Phn tch kin thc v k nng
T level 2 n level 3 cc KPA cn thc hin :
Phn tch kin thc v k nng :
Xc nh nhng k nng v kin thc cn thit lm nn
tng cho hot ng nhn s. Lnh vc phn tch ny bao
gm: xc nh quy trnh cn thit duy tr nng lc t
chc, pht trin v duy tr cc k nng v kin thc phc v
cng vic, d bo nhu cu kin thc v k nng trong tng
lai.
Hoch nh ngun nhn lc :
y l lnh vc phi hp hot ng nhn s vi nhu cu
hin ti v trong tng lai c cc cp v ton t chc.
Hoch nh ngun nhn lc c tnh chin lc cng vi quy
trnh theo di cht ch vic tuyn dng v cc hot ng
pht trin k nng s to nn thnh cng trong vic hnh
thnh i ng.
Pht trin s nghip :

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

To iu kin cho mi c nhn pht trin ngh nghip v c

c hi thng tin trong ngh nghip, bao gm: xc nh cc
c hi, theo di s tin b trong cng vic, khuyn khch t
mc tiu cng vic.
Cc hot ng da trn nng lc :
Ngoi cc k nng, kin thc ct li cn c hoch nh nhn
lc, tuyn dng da vo kh nng lm vic, nh gi hiu
qu qua mi cng vic v v tr, xy dng cc ch u i
da trn hiu qu t c m bo cc hot ng ca t
chc u xut pht t mc ch phc v cho pht trin nhn
lc.
Vn ha c th :
To lp cc ch thng tin lin lc thng sut, knh thng
tin hiu qu mi cp trong t chc, phi hp c kinh
nghim, kin thc ca mi ngi h tr ln nhau, thc
y nhn vin tham gia kin
4 Level 4 : Kim sot (Quantitatively Managed)
Thc hin o lng chi tit quy trnh phn mm v cht
lng sn phm. Mc tiu nh lng v cht lng v hiu
sut ca qu trnh c s dng nh l tiu chun trong qu
trnh qun l.
Mc tiu nh lng c da trn nhu cu ca khch hng,
ngi dng, t chc v qu trnh d n. Cht lng v hiu
sut ca d n s c thng k v qun l sut qu trnh
ca d n.
Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Cc vng tin trnh ch yu mc 4 tp trung vo thit lp

hiu bit nh lng ca c qu trnh sn xut phn mm v
cc sn phm phn mm ang c xy dng. l:
Quantitative Project Management (Qun l nh
lng d n)
Organizational Process Performance (T chc
qu trnh hiu sut)

Lc lng lao ng lm vic theo i, nhm v c qun l

mt cch nh lng.
Cc KPA ca level 4 ch trng ti:
Chun ha thnh tch trong t chc
Qun l nng lc t chc
Cng vic da vo cch lm vic theo nhm
Xy dng i ng chuyn nghip
C vn
t c level 4 th phi o lng v chun ha. o lng
hiu qu p ng cng vic, chun ha pht trin cc k
nng, nng lc ct li.
S khc nhau gia level 3 v level 4 l kh nng on trc
vic thc hin ca quy trnh. Ti level 4, vic thc hin ca
quy trnh l c th kim sot bi tiu chun v nh lng k

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

thut v l nh lng c th on trc c. Ti level 3, cc

quy trnh ch on c cht lng.

5 Level 5 : Ti u (Optimizing)
Cc quy trnh mc 5 lin tc c ci tin da trn nhng
kin phn hi t vic s dng quy trnh, th im nhng
tng qun l v cng ngh mi. l:
Causal Analysis and Resolution (Phn tch nguyn
nhn v gii php)
Organizational Innovation and Deployment (T
chc ci tin v trin khai)
Level 5 tp trung vo ci thin lin tc cc thc hin ca qu
trnh trong sut qu trnh pht trin, i mi cng ngh. Qu
trnh pht trin cht lng i tng ca t chc c thip
lp, tip tc duyt li phn nh nhng thay i trong i
tng kinh doanh v s dng nh tiu chun trong qu trnh
pht trin qun l. Ti u qu trnh l nhanh nhn, thch hp
v i mi quyt nh da trn s tham gia ca lc lng lao
ng sp theo gi tr kinh doanh v i tng ca t chc.
Ngoi ra, level 5 cn ch trng vo vic qun l, pht trin
nng lc ca nhn vin. Hun luyn nhn vin tr thnh cc
chuyn gia.

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

Khong cch gia level 4 v level 5 l dng ca s bin i

c trong qu trnh. Ti level 4, cc quy trnh c lin quan ti
1 a ch c bit bi v s bin i ca quy trnh v iu kin
tiu chun c th on c trc kt qu trong sut qu trnh,
c th th tc on c kt qu, kt qu ny c th khng ch
t c vic thit lp i tng. ti level5, cc quy trnh lin
quan n nhiu a ch chia s bi qu trnh v thay i ny
pht trin thc hin qu trnh ginh c thit lp nh lng
cho qu trnh pht trin i tng.

III.

Vit Nam p dng CMM/CMMI trong lnh vc phn mm.

Hin nay, cc cng ty, doanh nghip Vit Nam ua nhau ly
c cc chng nhn ca ISO v CMMI. Bi v h mun ci
tin qu trnh qun l trong vic pht trin phn mm v cn
l i theo nhu cu ca khch hng hoc l qung co. Tt
c cng u nhn thc c vn l ISO v CMMI thc s
s em li li ch di lu cho t chc, cng ty ca h.
V c bn, qun l cht lng phn mm l vn khng
mi, nhng n li l vn cn yu ca cc cng ty phn
mm Vit Nam. Mt s cng ty t chun quc t
CMM/CMMI nng cao nng lc v qun l cht lng phn
mm, song ch gi gn trong vi cng ty gia cng cho nc
ngoi.

V cho n thi im hin nay, c nhiu doanh nghip

phn mm ang p dng m hnh nh gi nng lc sn
xut phn mm CMM/CMMI Vit Nam. y l 1 s cng
ty, doanh nghip t c chng ch ny. V d nh FPT
Software (CMM mc 5), CMC soft t yu cu tiu tiu
chun Vit Nam ISO 9001 : 2008 v CMMI mc 3, PSV
(CMMi mc 5), GCS (CMMI mc 4), . V gn y nht
Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

vo ngy 26/02/2013, Global CyberSoft (Vit Nam) t

chun CMMI Mc 5, phin bn mi nht 1.3. Thng
9/2011, VNPT Hi Phng cng t chun CMMI mc 3.

Phn III: Tng kt

CMM/CMMI l bc pht trin tt yu ca cc t chc, doanh nghip trong thi
i kinh t hin nay, bi v n l vic kt hp quy chun v sng to cho cch hot
ng ca t chc, doanh nghip; n khng cng nhc m linh hot thay i theo thc
t. Do cng a sm CMM/CMMI vo thc t cng tt v thc y s pht trin
Vit Nam. Nhng c 1 iu cn khng nh ch c th thc hin CMM/CMMI khi
l n lc ca ton t chc, v trong cam kt ca lnh o l quyt nh. V vy,
vic hun luyn v CMM/CMMI phi l hun luyn cho ton t chc, khng ch l
hun luyn cho i ng k thut, tuy rng ban u chng ta cn xut pht t pha k
thut. Cc cp lnh o, c quyn lc cn c hc v gc m bo s pht trin
ca t chc.
Qua y, em xin cm n khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin 1 to iu kin cho em c
mi trng thc tp tt. V hn na, em xin cm n c TH BCH NGC
hng dn v gip em trong sut thi gian em thc tp khoa em c th hon
thnh bi bo co ny. Do cn nhiu hn ch v thiu st em mong nhn c nhng
kin ng gp ti ca em c hon chnh hn.

EM XIN CHN THNH CM N!

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Bo co thc tp_Quy trnh qun l cht lng pht trin phn mm CMMI

SV: Nguyn Th Thy

Lp: L11CQCN14_B

Ngun ti liu tham kho

-

Tp ch khoa hc thc tin trong vic khai trin chun CMMI cho cc doanh
nghip gia cng phn mm Vit Nam ca khoa kinh t, i Hc Quc Gia
H Ni.
http://www.dodola.net/gioi-thieu/gioi-thieu-phan-mem/157-tong-quancmmi.html
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/index.cfm
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cmmi/cmmi-maturity-levels.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration

Sinh Vin: Nguyen Thi Thuy Lp: L11CQCN14_B