CHNG 3

THIET KE HE THONG
CONG NGHIEP
(Manufacturing systems
design)

Noi dung
3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an
T&PTCN
3.2. Cau truc cua he thong cong nghiep
3.3. Qui trnh cua he thong cong nghiep
3.4. He thong cac yeu cau
3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suat
3.6. Thiet lap cac chng trnh

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi

d an T&PTCN
Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN (FS) = thiet
ke s khi he thong cong nghiep + thiet ke
s khi he thong quan ly trien khai d an
Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN = Nghien
cu kha thi d an au t va phat trien CN
Nghien cu kha thi d an giong/khac lap
ke hoach kinh doanh:
Giong: eu nham ti muc tieu e xuat
phng an d an (phng an HTCN & phng
an trien khai) HAY phng an kinh doanh kha
thi
Khac: nhieu noi dung ch co trong FS hay ch
co trong KHKD

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi

d an T&PTCN
FS: la qua trnh PHAN TCH & THIET KE cac
KCH BAN (kha thi) cua d an TRC KHI CO
C NGUON VON ho tr cho chu au t va
cac ben co lien quan (chien lc) RA QUYET
NH CO HAY KHONG tiep tuc trien khai d an
Mot khi nhom RQ nay quyet nh tiep tuc
trien khai th LAP KE HOACH KINH DOANH mi
c thc hien. Ke hoach KD se tr thanh cac
hng dan trien khai cu the
oi vi cac d an CO LIEN QUAN EN CGCN
hay CO LIEN QUAN EN CAC VAN E KY
THUAT PHC TAP FS thng BAO GOM luon ke
4
hoach kinh doanh

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi

d an T&PTCN
FS: luon nham ti viec e xuat MOT SO
KCH BAN KHA THI con KHKD nham ti TRIEN
KHAI CU THE KCH BAN TRIEN VONG NHAT
Neu KHKD c xay dng khong i vi FS, mot
GIA THIET a c chap nhan: PHNG AN
D AN LA KHA THI
FS thng do t van oc lap thc hien; KHKD
thng do chu au t (co hay khong co t
van) thc hien vi cac thong tin tai chnh t
ngan hang hay cac quy/chu au t
khac
FS c thc hien 1 lan con KHKD c tiep tuc
5
s dung sau khi d an hoan tat

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi

d an T&PTCN
Thiet ke s khi HTCN: la mot thanh phan
cua FS va co quan he chat che vi thiet ke
s khi he thong QL trien khai DA
Thiet ke s khi HTCN hay Preliminary design la
bc tiep theo cua Thiet ke y niem cua he
thong (conceptual design)
Thiet ke y niem (nghien cu tien kha thi)
c thc hien oi vi cong nghe hay he
thong cong nghe mi
oi vi d an phat trien (he thong hay cong
nghe) ho s xac nh d an a thc hien cac
yeu cau cua thiet ke y niem.
6

Thiet ke cac he thong CN co vai tro ac biet

quan trong: thiet ke y niem a quyet nh
70% chi ph s hu he thong

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d

an T&PTCN

Thiet ke y niem cac he thong CN hay xac

nh d an a xac nh:
Th trng: san xuat giay da xuat khau, tre
em trong la tuoi t s sinh ti 5 tuoi
Loai san pham va cac nhu cau c ban cua
khach hang
VD: da thuoc, sa bot cho tre em
Loai nguyen lieu chnh, VD: da trau bo, sa
ti
Loai cong nghe chnh: CN s che da thuoc; CN
tao bot nhu tng
Phng phap CGCN/MCN: t phat trien/mua t
ngoai
Cau truc c ban cua HTCN: 3 thanh phan c
ban: may moc/CN va ha tang; to chc va 8
nhan s; va quan ly

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d

an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN: xac nh:

Phan tch chc nang (quan he gia cac
chc nang)
Phan bo yeu cau (cho cac chc nang)
Nghien cu anh oi (trade-offs gia cac
yeu cau chc nang)
Tong hp cac giai phap he thong
Thiet ke s khi cac mo hnh KT-CN
Xay dng cau hnh he thong (configuration)
Ra soat thiet ke s khi (anh gia va
tham nh)

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d

an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN-FS: xac nh:

V tr chien lc cua d an
San pham va qui mo he thong cong
nghiep
Th trng va tiep th
Nguyen vat lieu va nguon cung cap
a iem, cong trng va moi trng
au t
Ky thuat va cong nghe
C cau to chc va chi ph quan ly
Nguon nhan lc va chi ph
To chc va chien lc trien khai d an
Tien o thc hien d an
10

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d

an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi HTCN la qua trnh tao

ra thiet ke ve cau hnh (configurations),
thiet ke ve yeu cau va qui mo (Scope
of Work: SOW) cua HTCN thong qua tng
tac qua lai cua nhieu qua trnh thiet
ke-lap ke hoach:
Ky thuat he thong (Systems Engineering)
Quan ly cau hnh (Configuration
management)
Thiet ke yeu cau (Requirement
Engineering)
Hoach nh cong nghe (Technology
planning)
11

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d

an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi HTCN . (tiep)

Thiet ke qui trnh cong nghe (Process
planning/Design)
Thiet lap MIS
Thiet ke nha may (Facility planning/Design)
Lap ke hoach san xuat trung han va dai han
(Production planning)
Lap ke hoach tai chnh (ngan han va dai han)
Thiet ke s khi cung cap au vao cho he
thong quan ly d an

12

3.2. Cau truc cua he

thong cong nghiep

13

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep
System structure specifies the overall structure
of the MS system.
It aims to define the required structure of the
MS system with respect to the process
organization and grouping of MS functions and
the degree of modularization and integration
within the system.

14

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep
Cau truc cua he thong cong
nghiep va cac ac trng cua
cac thanh phan xac nh cau
hnh cua he thong (systems
configurations)
Cau truc cua he thong co
cau truc cay trong o
tang cuoi cung la cac thanh
phan nho nhat vi cac ac
trng, ac iem hay cac yeu
cau ky thuat (specifications)

15

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep

16

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep
HT CONG NGHIEP

HT HA
TANGKTCN

HT TC
-NS

HT QL

Cau hnh he thong cong nghiep

17

Cau truc chung cua he

cong
nghiep
The physicalthong
architecture
(or manufacturing/supply

process) represents the hard elements of the

manufacturing and supply systems, including the
machines, transportation and storage equipment and
the other facilities required to support the
manufacturing and supply process. This also describes
the flow of materials through the system.
The human and organizational architecture represents
the organizational structure and the interactions of the
employees within the manufacturing and supply
system,
including their roles, responsibilities, and tasks.
The information and control architecture represents
the planning and control functions of the
manufacturing and supply system and the processes
involved in decision
making. This also describes the flow of data and
18
information in all its formats, whether paper or
computer based, throughout the system.

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep
HT HA TANG-KTCN

HTang

KTCN

19

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep
HT HA TANG

ien/ga

Cap/thoat ng noi bo,

Nc
ngoai canh

Cau hnh he thong ha tang

20

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep
HE THONG KT-CN

KHO-BAI

NHA XNG

THIET B

Cau hnh he thong KT-CN

21

Cau truc chung cua he

thong cong nghiep

Xac nh cau truc cua HT

cong nghiep:
1. Theo cac cau truc chuan:
v du: MIL-HDBK-881A, 30 JULY
2005
2. Theo cau truc cua nha
cung cap HT: xem tai lieu
mo ta HTCN
3. Theo he thong cong nghe:
xem mon hoc Quan ly va
anh gia cong nghe
4. Theo vong i cua HTCN:
xem xac nh cong viec

22

C cau to chc va
nhan s
G

PGSX

KT-KH

VT

PGTC

Q1

Q2

TT2

TT 1

TT 1

TT 1

TT1

TT 2

TT 2

TT 2

1. C cau
to chc
theo chc
nang

23

C cau to chc va
nhan s
u iem
Nang suat
Phat trien
chuyen mon
ieu kien
cong tac on
nh

Nhc iem
Mau thuan gia
cac bo
QL cap tren b
nhieu ap lc
Giai quyet van
e thieu tnh he
thong
1. C cau to chc
Cngtheo
nhac, kho
chc nang
thay oi
24

C cau to chc va
nhan s
G

PGSX

SP 1

SP 2

PGTC

SP 3

SP 4

TT2

TT 1

TT 1

TT 1

TT1

TT 2

TT 2

TT 2

2. C
cau to
chc
theo
san
pham
25

C cau to chc va
nhan s Nhc iem
u iem
ap ng nhanh
vi thay oi
Mau thuan gia
cac to/nhom c
han che
Hieu biet ay u
ve cac van e
lien quan
Phat trien va m
rong chuyen mon

Chuyen mon chnh

co the giam
Kho thu hut
chuyen gia
Sang kien ch
trong pham vi SP
Thanh vien phai
canh tranh vi
nguon nhan lc

2. C cau to chc theo san

pham

26

C cau to chc va
nhan s

3. C
cau
to
chc
theo
ma
tran
27

C cau to chc va
nhan s
u iem
Ket hp cac u
iem cua 2 mo
hnh trc
Tnh linh hoat toi a
a nang lc
(chuyen mon
rong-hep)

Nhc iem
Mau thuan do 2
xep
Hai he thong khen
thng cho
chuyen mon
t ngi co kinh
nghiem lam viec
trong moi trng
phc tap

3. C cau to chc
theo ma tran
28

C cau to chc va
nhan s
Giam oc
ieu hanh
G d an

BP Thiet
ke

BP to
chc

Xng
SX
Cung
ng

VP Thiet
ke
VP to
chc

VP tai
chnh
Xng
SX

4. C cau to chc
theo d an
29

C cau to chc va
nhan s
u iem
oc lap
Nang suat
Hieu qua
t mau
thuan

Nhc iem
Phat trien
chuyen mon sau
d an b han che
Kho luan chuyen
Hieu dung cua
nguon lc thap

4. C cau to chc
theo d an
30

Cau truc cua he thong

QLSX
He thong quan ly san xuat (manufacturing
management system) c thc hien ba cap:
1. Cap chien lc: hoach nh va kiem soat
chien lc cua cong ty
2. Cap van hanh va trung han: d bao doanh
thu va nhu cau khach hang, hoach nh san
pham va qua trnh san xuat, Hoach nh yeu
cau/nhu cau nguon lc (manufacturing resource
planning)
3. Cap ngan han: He thong trien khai san
xuat (manufacturing execution systems)

31

Cau truc cua he thong

QLSX
Hoach nh va kiem soat chien lc cua cong
ty.
CHIEN LC VAN HANH xac nh nang lc
van hanh chien lc (lau dai) cua doanh
nghiep nh:
Loai san pham/dch vu
Qui mo san xuat
Loai qui trnh san xuat/cong nghe
Loai nha cung cap
Loai nhan lc
He thong bao am chat lng
32

CAP VAN HANH &TRUNG HAN: : d bao doanh thu

va nhu cau khach hang, hoach nh san pham va
qua trnh san xuat; hoach nh yeu cau/nhu cau
nguon lc (manufacturing resource planning)
D bao doanh thu theo thang, quy, nam
D bao nhu cau cua khach hang (san lng)
D bao nang lc san xuat can thiet e ap
ng nhu cau
D bao xu the can oi cung cau
Thiet ke/oi mi san pham va qua trnh san
xua
Hoach nh tong hp: xac nh yeu cau ve
nguon lc (may, nhan cong) nham ap ng nhu
cau
Hoach nh nhu cau vat t (material requirement
planning MRP): xac nh nhu cau vat t cho san xuat
ieu o tong (Master Production scheduling): ieu33
o tien o va cong suat theo thi gian

Cau truc cua he thong

QLSX

CAP NGAN HAN: He thong trien khai san xuat

(manufacturing execution systems):
ieu o san xuat
Kiem soat chat lng
Quan ly bao tr
Quan ly vat t va at hang

34

3.3. Qui trnh cua he thong

cong nghiep
Qui trnh la chuoi cac hoat ong hay
thao tac, c ket noi nhau theo mot
trnh t thc hien nhat nh nham
bien au vao thanh mot san pham
hoan toan xac nh au ra.
Nguon lc la to hp hoan toan xac
nh cua 4M (may, ngi van hanh,
nguyen lieu, phng phap) va I (thong
tin) tham gia vao cac thao tac hay hoat
ong cua qui trnh
35

Qui trnh cua he

thong
may

ngi van hanh

Nha cung
QUI TRNH
cap
au vao
nguyen lieu

Khach hang
au ra

phng phap

36

Qui trnh cua he

thong
LOAI QUI TRNH
1. Qui trnh san xuat
2. Qui trnh ky thuat
3. Qui trnh chat lng
4. Qui trnh quan ly
5. Qui trnh kinh doanh

37

Qui trnh cua he

thong
VAI TRO CUA QUI TRNH

Qui trnh ket noi toan bo hoat ong

va cong tac trong mot n v hay
cong ty
Qui trnh thiet lap, duy tr va kiem
soat s lien thong gia cac hoat
ong khac nhau
Qui trnh duy tr tnh nhat quan trong
thc hien mot nhiem vu/trach nhiem
Cung cap thong tin toan dien e thc
hien nhiem vu mot cach hieu qua
38

Qui trnh cua he

Qui trnhthong
xac nh cac yeu cau/

chat lng van hanh/hoat ong

cua he thong hay cac yeu cau oi
vi giao dien gia cac thanh phan
va gia he thong va moi trng
Hieu qua (Effectiveness)
Hieu suat (Efficiency)
Chat lng (Quality)
ung gi (Timeliness)
Nang suat (Productivity)
An toan (Safety)
Bien ong (Variance)
39

3.4. He thong cac

yeu cau

He thong cac yeu cau cua he thong

cong nghiep (requirements) la tap hp
cac ac tnh, ac iem, nang lc
cua toan bo he thong CN-he thong
con-cac thanh phan-cac qui trnh cau
thanh he thong cong nghiep.
VD: yeu cau oi vi toan bo HTCN
bao gom: chat lng san pham, t
suat li nhuan, toc o tang trng
VD: yeu cau oi vi QTCN: nang lc
san xuat, nang lc cong nghe .

40

3.4. He thong cac

yeu cau

Mo
hnh
he
hong
cac
yeu
cau

41

3.4. He thong cac

yeu cau

He thong cac yeu cau co

the c xac nh qua:
1.Thu thap thong tin th cap
trong tai lieu, bao cao
2.Khao sat cac chnh sach, qui
nh cua cong ty
3. Xac nh cac ky vong, mong
muon cua cac ben co lien
quan en HTCN
4.Phan tch he thong va qui
trnh

42

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke

cong suat
D bao
nhu cau

TK san
pham

TK
QTCN

Xac nh CTKD, CTSX, CTTM

Xac nh chi ph,Xac nh chi
von O&M of HT ph au t

TK HT
VH &TC
Xac nh
a iem
TK nha
may, cty

Lap KH tai
chnh
43

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke

cong suat

D bao nhu cau: xac nh nhu cau dai

han cua th trng ve san lng theo
nam, theo mua trong nam (neu co) va
ve gia mua (theo tng nam trong suot
vong i cua d an) va cac yeu cau
oi vi san pham
Phng phap d bao: nh tnh va nh
lng
D bao nhu cau cua san pham
mi/cua th trng mi thng c
thc hien theo cac phng phap nhanqua da tren mau thu thap c thong
qua nghien cu th trng
Nhu cau cua san pham mi/th trng 44

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke

cong suat

Thiet ke san pham: xac nh nhu cau

va yeu cau ve san pham, nguyen
vat lieu, nhien lieu, cac yeu cau oi
vi qui trnh cong nghe nham bao
am chat lng
Thiet ke san pham trong giai oan FS
xac nh:
Cac yeu cau cua khach hang oi
vi san pham
Cac tieu chuan ky thuat-chat lng
quan trong oi vi san pham
Cac dong san pham chnh
Cac yeu cau ve NVL va nh mc 45
BOM cho moi dong san pham

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke

cong suat

Thiet ke qui trnh cong nghe (QTCN): xac nh

yeu cau ky thuat oi vi trang thiet b, nha
xng, kho bai, cong cu, cung cap nguyen
vat lieu, nhien lieu, nang lng, cap thoat
nc, va x ly nc thai
Nang lc san xuat cua QTCN (process capacity)
c xac nh tai khau san xuat cua QTCN
co cong suat nho nhat (nut that co chai)
Cac phng phap la chon/xac nh cong
suat:
+ Phan tch hoa von
+ Chien lc m rong san xuat trong tng lai
(dai han): capacity lead; average capacity, capacity
lag strategies
+ make or buy (chuoi cung ng)
46
+ chien lc ieu chnh cong suat (adjusting

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke

cong suat

Thiet ke he thong van hanh:

xac nh phng phap to chc
san xuat, yeu cau oi vi trang
thiet b va nhan lc (so lng
va loai nguon lc), HTQL
Xac nh a iem: ieu kien ha
tang, nguon nguyen lieu, th
trng, nguon nhan lc, at
ai
Thiet ke nha may, cty: xac nh
yeu cau (dien tch hnh dang, bo
47
tr) oi vi mat bang nha

Xac nh a iem
Tieu ch la chon a iem
1. Market location
2. Raw material sources (location, quality, quantity,
long-term reliability, cost)
3. Logistics availability - incoming and outbound
(transportation choices, monopolies, public or
dedicated systems)
4. Political and social climate
5. Environmental impact - water effluent, air
emissions, social factors (impacts from construction
and from operation, regulations, regulatory changes)
6. Personnel hazards - explosion potential, toxic
releases
48
7. Tax incentives

Xac nh a iem
Tieu ch la chon a iem
8. Governmental permitting - national and local,
building, sewers, highways, railroads, navigation,
navigable waters, aircraft, environmental
9. Staffing - labor pool, skill level (competition for
qualified resources, availability of alliance contractor
personnel)
10. Site soils, groundwater, and geology (any showstopper issues, risk mitigation)
11. Infrastructure - available services - electrical power,
telephone, water, railroad, highways (quality, quantity,
adequacy for lifetime of asset, maintenance, stability,
public
versus dedicated, contract risks)
49
12. Cost of services energy costs, construction and

3.6. Thiet lap cac

chng
trnh(CTKD): d
Chng trnh
kinh doanh
bao nhu cau va xac nh doanh
thu va chi ph ban hang-tiep th
theo thi gian (nam).
CTKD co the c thiet lap
theo 3 giai oan: giai oan th
nghiem keo dai mot vai nam
trong o san xuat di cong
suat toi a, giai oan san xuat
ai tra vi cong suat toi a
va giai oan m rong san xuat
vi cong suat ln hn toi a
50
Doanh thu nam la tch gia gia

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi
Chng trnh thu
mua nguyen lieu
(CTTM): xac nh nhu cau (so
lng va chat lng) va chi ph
nguyen vat lieu theo thi gian
(nam) ke ca lng ton kho can
thiet cung nh chi ph ton kho
e ap ng nhu cau ve san
pham trong nam
Chng trnh san xuat (CTSX):
xac nh san lng va chi ph
san xuat theo thi gian tnh theo
nam

51

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi

Lap ke hoach tai chnh xac

nh nhu cau ve von hay dong
tien ra va xac nh nguon von
(dong tien vao), cau truc von
va chi ph vay von can thiet e
ap ng nhu cau ve von cua
doanh nghiep va giam thieu chi
ph von
Thiet ke s khi HTCN xac nh
dong tien ra can thiet e duy
tr hoat ong SX-KD sau khi d
an ket thuc

52

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi

Dong tien ra can thiet e duy

tr hoat ong SX-KD sau khi d
an ket thuc bao gom 2 thanh
phan:
1.Chi ph san xuat-kinh doanh
(CPSXKD- total annual cost of
product sold): Chi ph san xuatkinh doanh la toan bo chi ph i
vi viec san xuat ra va ban
cho khach hang mot san
lng thanh pham nhat nh
(CPSXKD) trong 1 nam
2.Von lu ong (Net working
53
capital: VL): la chi ph au t

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi

Chi ph san xuat-kinh doanh

(CPSXKD- total annual cost of
product sold):
CPSXKD = CPSX+CPVH+CPKD
CPSX: chi ph san xuat
CPVH: chi ph van hanh
CPKD:chi ph kinh doanh

54

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi

Chi ph san xuat (CPSX) gom

cac thanh phan:
- Chi ph nguyen lieu
- Chi ph phu lieu
- Chi ph vat t va phu tung thay
the
- Chi ph duy tu, sa cha va
bao tr
- Chi ph lao ong/nhan cong
- Thue thu nhap, bao hiem
cua nhan cong
- Chi ph quan ly san xuat

55

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi
Chi ph san xuat
(CPSX) gom cac

thanh phan: (tiep)

- Chi ph hanh chnh (lng quan
ly, vat tvan phong pham, phuc li xa
hoi, chi ph thue mn mat
bang, phng tien, bao hiem)
Chi ph kinh doanh CPKD):
- Chi ph tiep th va ban hang
(marketing costs): lng, chi ph thue
mn, cac chi ph trc tiep khac
- Chi ph quan ly tiep th va ban
hang: lng, chi ph thue mn, 56

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

khi

Chi ph van hanh CPVH (Operating

cost):
- Khau hao tai san co nh
- Lai vay ngan hang
- Lai thue tai chnh
CPVH cha the tnh c trong
thiet ke s khi HTCN do cha
tnh c gia tr tai san co
nh va von vay
57

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

Von lu ong khi
(VL): c tnh
nh
sau:
Hang muc

Cong suat s
dung (%)

Vong
xoay

Gia tr khi
xay dng
(2007)

Nam san xuat

2008

75

..

100

2020

100

1. Tong ton kho

1.1. Nguyen lieu
ton
1.2. Nguyen lieu A
1.3. Nguyen lieu B
1.4. Van phong
pham
1.5. Phu tung thay

58

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

VL: c tnh khi
nhHang
sau:muc

Vo
ng
xoa
y

Gia tr
khi xay
dng
(2007)

Nam san
xuat
200 . 202
8
.
0

1.7. Thanh pham

ton kho
2. Khoan thu
3. Tien mat
TAI SAN LU
ONG
(tong 1-3)
4. Khoan n

59

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s

VL: c tnh khi
nh sau: (tiep)
1. Xac nh khoang thi gian
ngan nhat phai duy tr hang
muc (tai san lu ong va
n): T
2. Xac nh so vong xoay trong
nam: 365/T
3. Lay gia tr cua cac hang
muc tng ng trong CPSX chia
cho so vong xoay trong nam
va a vao hang muc tai san
lu ong hay n
4. Tong VL la hieu gia tong 60
tai san lu ong va n phai