.

ABSTACT
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Intellectual Capital is represented as the essence of business

organizations due to its essential role in the continuity of such
organizations and specifying its cogitative position in the working
environment.
These organizations face difficulties in measuring thus Intellectual
capital such as difficulty that represents the great need to the information
concerning the elements of intellectual capital and the cost of these
elements and the returnes resulted from this research to deal with the
theoretical frame work concerning the concept of intellectual capital as
well as its importance and the accounting approaches used in measuring it
in addition to the difficulties that accountants may face in using these
approaches.
This research concludes that the conceptual framework lacks a lot
of these related to intellectual capitals. Moreover it is difficult to put a
quantitative a scale for measuring most of the components of this type of
capital, and it is also difficult to fondle the increase of the costs of getting
the appropriate information.
It is also concluded that the measures used at the present time is
rather controversial among the accounts due to the incommutability of the
knowledge assets and liabilities.

) (Intellectual Capital
.

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.

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:
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) (Stewart, 1997

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) (Human Capital

(Structural

) Capital

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) (Lynn, 1999
) (Human Capital )(Relational Capital
) (Organizational Capital

.
.

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Source: Bernadette Lynn, Intellectual Capital, key to value added Saccess

in the next Millennium, Financial & Management Accounting
Committee, International Federation of Accountants, 1999.P13.

]
...[

.
:

) (Stewart, 1997

)(Stewart,op cit

) (Sveiby, 1997 ) (Edvinsson,1999

) (Knowledge Economy ) (25

. ) (Stewart

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)(Stewart, 1997
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.

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(Steven& Bradley ,1995) .

) (Lynn, 1999

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)) (Kelley, 1998

( Kelly1998)....

) (Quantify ) (Malone, 1997

) (Lev, 1997
.

) (ICM Croup, 1998

) 2001

) Assets

(Bahra,
(Intellectual

(Knowledge-Based

) Economy

) (Skyrme, 1997

:
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. ) (Stewart, 1997

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:

:
-1 .

-2 .

-1 :

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) (ABC
.

) (Stewart, 1997

- ):(Market-to-Book Value

) (Stewart

- ):(Economic Value Added-EVA

) (Stewart, 1997

) (EVA

) (Surrogate Measure

):(Human Resource Costing & Accounting-HRCA

) (Malhotra, 2003

(Capilized Salary Expenditures).

):(Calculated Intangible Value ) (Stewart, 1997

(Stewart, 1997) .
-

):(Knowledge Capital Earning

) (Lev, 1999

) (Expected Earnings

):(Value Added Intellectual Coefficient-VAIC

) (Pulic,

) (Human Capital

(2003

) (Capital Employed

)Malhotra, ).(Structural Capital

-2 :

 )
( )

) (Wmdata

(www.yahoo.com).

1997 :
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(Skyrme).

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-
.

-
.

1. Niamh Brennan and Brenda Connel., 2000 " intellectual capital:

current issues and policy implications", journal of intellectual
capital, vol.1. No. 1, pp.206-240.
2. Richard Petty, James Guthrie., 2000 "intellectual capital literature
review measurement reporting and management", journal of
intellectual capital, vol. 1. No. 1,pp. 555-176.
3. Davis Klila, Lynne Hall., 2000 "using intellectual assets as a success
strategy", journal of intellectual capital, vol.1. No.2, pp. 47-53.
4. Nir Kossovsky, 2002," fair value of intellectual property" an
potions- based valuation of nearly 8000 intellectual property assets,
vol. 3. No.1, pp. 63-70.
5. Suzane Harrison and Partrick H., 2000, " profiting from intellectual
capital learning from leading companies", journal of intellectual
capital.
6. Stewart, thamas A., 1997 Intellectual Capital, the New Wealth of
organization, Currency & Doubleday, New Yourk, P.201.
7. Denny, Edward & Ford, Jaon, 1997, preparing Organizations to
manage the future,Financial& Management Accounting
Committee, International Federation of Accountants, New York, P3.
8. CMA, Bernadette Lynn, 1999, Intellectual Capital, key to value
added Success in the next Millennium, Financial & Management
Accounting Committee, International Federation of
Accountants,..P13.
9. Edvisson & M.Malone, 1997, Intellectual Capital, Realizing your
Companys the value by Finding Its. Hidden Brain power, New
York, N.Y, Harper Collins Publishers, Inc,P15.
10.Sveiby, K.E, 1997, The New Organizational Wealth Management
and Measuring Knowledge Based Assets. San Francisco CA,
Berrett-Kohler Publishers Inc., P.65.
11.Steven Albert & Keith Bradley, 1995, Intellectual Capital, ,
Business Performance Group LTD, Feb., P85.
12.Kelly,R.E., 1998, How to be a star work 9 break through
strategies you need to success, N.Y.,Times Business.
13.Malone, M., 1997, New metrics for a new age, Forbes Magazine,
April, P.7.
14.Lev, B., 1997, The old rules no longer apply, Forbes Magazine,
April, P.10.

15.ICM Group, 1998, Inc. What are companies currently

measuring?, http://www.icmgroup.com/presentpubLES
MEASUREMENT, P.10.
16.Bahra, Nicholas, 2001, Competitive Knowledge Management,
Palgrave, New York, P.10.
17.Skyrme, D. 1997, Measuring the Value of Knowledge: Metrics for
the Knowledge Based Business, Business Intelligence, London,
P.12.
18.Malhotra, Yogesh, 2003, Measuring Knowledge Assets of a
Nation Knowledge systems for Development, UN. New York 4-5Sptember, P.16.
19.www.yahoo.com, measuring intangible assets and intellectual
capital- an emerging standard, pp.1-9