My Lai Massacre

On this day in 1968, a platoon of American soldiers brutally kill between 200 and
500 unarmed civilians at My Lai, one of a cluster of small villages located near the
northern coast of South Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, U.S. troops frequently
bombed and shelled the province of Quang Ngai, believing it to be a stronghold for
forces of the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam, or Viet Cong (VC). In
March 1968, a platoon of soldiers called Charlie Company received word that Viet
Cong guerrillas had taken cover in the Quang Ngai village of Son My. Led by
Lieutenant William L. Calley, the platoon entered one of the villages four hamlets,
My Lai 4, on a search-and-destroy mission on the morning of March 16. Instead of
guerrilla fighters, they found unarmed villagers, most of them women, children and
old men. The soldiers had been advised before the attack by army command that all
who were found in My Lai could be considered VC or active VC sympathizers, and
told to destroy the village. Still, they acted with extraordinary brutality, raping and
torturing villagers before killing them and dragging dozens of people, including
young children and babies, into a ditch and executing them with automatic
weapons. The massacre reportedly ended when an Army helicopter pilot, Warrant
Officer Hugh Thompson, landed his aircraft between the soldiers and the retreating
villagers and threatened to open fire if they continued their attacks. The events at
My Lai were covered up by high-ranking army officers until the following March,
when one soldier, Ron Ridenhour, heard of the incident secondhand and wrote
about it in a letter to President Richard Nixon, the Pentagon, the State Department,
the Joint Chiefs of Staff and various congressmen. The letter was largely ignored
until later that year, when investigative journalist Seymour Hersh interviewed Calley
and broke the story. Soon, My Lai was front-page news and an international scandal.
In March 1970, an official U.S. Army inquiry board charged 14 officers, including
Calley and his company commander, Captain Ernest Medina, of crimes relating to
My Lai. Of that number, only Calley was convicted. Found guilty of personally killing
22 people, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Upon appeal, his sentence was
reduced to 20 years, and eventually to 10. Seen by many as a scapegoat, Calley
was paroled in 1974 after serving just one-third of his sentence.