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DOCUMENTARE
Ca sursa de documentare s-a folosit internet-ul .S-a alcatiut o baza de date cu
nave existente cu caracteristici asemanatoare:tip,dimensiuni
principale,deadweight,viteza,an constructie.
Nr
Loa
Lpp
Dwt
147
138
22
11,3
8,89
15
16600
162
153,9
22,9
13,21
9,31
14
18700
164,5
156,5
21
13,35
10,1
15
18900
167,4
160,3
22,9
13,87
9,6
15
19300
161,4
154,2
23,1
13,14
9,02
13
18375
146
138
22,3
12,45
9,27
14
17700
146,8
136
22,8
12,22
14,8
17800
146
136
21,3
11,82
8,89
11
15700
163,5
157
22,9
13,28
9,17
13,5
18600
10
145,8
135,5
22,9
11,35
8,56
12
16700
11
160
152
23,5
14
9,5
15
16700
12
147,4
140
22,5
12,85
9,4
12,6
18500
13
160,1
152,1
23,1
13,25
9,57
14
160,2
152,2
23,5
14
9,52
15
142
134,9
21,9
12,22
9,1
16600
16
146,7
136
22,9
12,22
9,06
17700
17
144
134
22,3
12,53
9,37
14
17400
Dimensiuni
principale
163,9
157,6
22,9
13,18
9,17
14
18600
8,99
12
16300
9,5
13
19200
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
140,2
134,5
21,7
Lungimea maxima
144
134
22,3
Lpp
167,2 maxima
159,7
22
Latimea
142
133,7
21,8
Inaltimea
de
constructie
Pescaj
148,1
146,8
21,8
Deadweight
163,1
156,9
22,9
Viteza
166,3
158,8
23,2
12,2
12,53
13,42
12,2
12,22
12,63
13,67
18700
15
16700
162 m
9,38
14
17400
153,9 m
9,8
1222,9 20200
m
9,09
11,3 16600
m
m
9,38
12 8.9 17600
18700
mtons
12
18700
14,5 knots
Dimensiuni principale
Lungimea maxima
Lpp
Latimea maxima
Inaltimea de constructie
Pescaj
Deadweight
Viteza
163,9 m
157,6m
22,85m
13,18 m
9,2 m
18600 mtons
14 knots
Dimensiuni principale
Lungimea maxima
Lpp
Latimea maxima
Inaltimea de constructie
Pescaj
Deadweight
Viteza
166,3 m
158,8 m
23,2 m
13,67 m
9,5 m
19200 mtons
13 knots
CAPITOLUL II
DESCRIEREA GENERAL A NAVEI
2.1. Tipul i destinaia navei
Nava este de tip vrachier autopropulsat, construcie metalic, destinat s
transporte n magazii mrfuri n vrac, cum ar fi: cereale, produse chimice, cherestea.
Nava dispune de o singur punte, iar compartimentul de maini este amplasat la
pupa.
Capacitatea de transport este de 18300 tdw. Zona de navigaie este
nelimitat. Autonomia navei este de 9800Mm la o vitez de 13,8 Nd.
2.2. Dimensiuni principale
Lungimea maxim: 162,18 m L max 162,18 m
Lungimea ntre perpendiculare: 155,95 m L pp 155,95 m
Limea: 20,74 m B 20, 74 m
nlimea de construcie: 13,09 m D 13, 09 m
Pescajul: 9,64 m d 9, 64 m
2.3. Caracteristici transport
Numr magazii: 5
Capacitate mrfuri vrac: 18750 m3
Capacitate mrfuri generale: 19100 m3
Numr guri de magazii: 5
2.4. Clasa navei
G. L. 100 A5
2.5. Regulile i Conveniile respectate n construcia navei
CAPITOLUL III
DETERMINAREA DIMENSIUNILOR PRINCIPALE
Sa se determine dimensiunile principale dupa prototipul unui vrachier cu
urmatoarele caracteristici:
10
154
L pp , m
LCWL 1,04 L pp , m
158
162
166
155,95
B 0,133 L pp
20,48
21,02
21,54
22,08
20,74
D 0,084 L pp
12,94
13,28
13,6
13,95
13,09
d 0,465 B
9,52
0,185
9,77
0,183
10,02
0,1805
10,26
0,178
9,64
0,1814
FrCWL v g LCWL
CBpp
0,1815
0,179
0,1746
0,175
0,178
0,766
0,771
0,777
0,784
0,77
Cp CBpp CM
0,770
0,775
0,781
0,788
0,781
k L pp B dCBpp , t
23740
25811
28042
30432
24780
M cg Ms M r M c
4258
4518
4776
5045
4385,4
Mm
M c i
Me
gol Mi
772
772
772
900
772
983
1010
1036
1064
995,8
6018
6305
6589
7014
6158,2
w gol
17722
19517
21453
23814
18620
Frpp v
g L pp
pp
100
11
12
0,85D
CB
dn
0,85 D dn 0, 7654
10 dn
0, 7346
1
2
4134 128, 46 4, 26 t
0, 01 100
Rezultatul final: M C 4134 128, 46 4, 26 4258, 20 t
Folosind aceeasi metodologie se determina si pentru celelalte trei nave.
Nava 2 L pp 158 m
L L1 L 2 158 152, 01 5,99 m
B B1 B2 21, 02 20, 2 0,82 m
D D1 D 2 13, 28 12, 75 0,53 m
CB CB CB 0, 771 0, 768 0, 003 m
1
4134 0,85
23,12 t m de lungime nava
152, 01
4134 0,55
112,56 t m de latime nava
20, 20
4134 0,30
97, 27 t m de inaltime nava
12, 75
Pentru modificarea lungimii 5,99 23,12 138, 48 t
Pentru modificarea latimii 0,82 112,56 92,3 t
Pentru modificarea inaltimii 0,53 97, 27 51,55 t
Total 1 K K K K K = + 282,3 t
138
46 t
Pentru diferenta de lungime
3
92,3
23,07 t
Pentru diferenta de latime
4
51,55
25, 77 t
Pentru diferenta de inaltime
2
Total 2 K K K K K = + 94,84 t
Corectia totala va fi: 282,3 94,84 377,14 t
0, 003 0,5
13
Nava 3 L pp 162 m
4134 0,85
23,12 t m de lungime nava
152, 01
4134 0,55
112,56 t m de latime nava
20, 20
4134 0,30
97, 27 t m de inaltime nava
12, 75
Pentru modificarea lungimii 9,99 23,12 230,96 t
Pentru modificarea latimii 1,34 112,56 150,83 t
Pentru modificarea inaltimii 0,85 97, 27 82, 67 t
Total 1 K K K K K = + 464,45 t
230.9
76,96 t
Pentru diferenta de lungime
3
150,83
37,7 t
Pentru diferenta de latime
4
82, 67
41,33 t
Pentru diferenta de inaltime
2
Total 2 K K K K K = + 94,84 t
Corectia va fi: 464, 45 156 620, 45 t
0, 009 0,5
Nava 4 L pp 166 m
4134 0,85
23,12 t m de lungime nava
152, 01
14
4134 0,55
112,56 t m de latime nava
20, 20
4134 0,3
97, 27 t m de inaltime nava
12, 75
Pentru modificarea lungimii 13,99 23,12 323, 45 t
Pentru modificarea latimii 1,88 112,56 211,6 t
Pentru modificarea inaltimii 0,85 97, 27 82, 67 t
Total 1 K K K K K = + 617,7 t
323, 45
107,8 t
Pentru diferenta de lungime
3
211, 6
52,9 t
Pentru diferenta de latime
4
82, 67
41,33 t
Pentru diferenta de inaltime
2
Total 2 K K K K K = + 202 t
617,
7
t
202 t 819 t
Corectia va fi:
0, 016 0,5
4134 819 92 t
0, 01 100
M C 4134 t 819 t 92 t 5054 t
Pentru L pp 154 m
M a i
M a i
2
2 L1 B1 970 970 154 20, 48
M a i
983 t
2
2
L 2 B2
2
2 152, 01 20, 2
1
Pentru L pp 158 m
M a i
M a i
M a i
L B
970 970 158 21, 02
1 1
1010 t
L2 B2
2
2 152, 01 20, 2
Pentru L pp 162 m
M a i
M a i
2
2 L1 B1 970 970 162 21,54
M a i
1036 t
2
2
L2 B2
2
2 152, 01 20, 2
1
Pentru L pp 156 m
M a i
1
M a i
2
M a i
2
L B
970 970 166 22, 08
1 1
1066 t
L2 B2
2
2 152, 01 20, 2
o 0,836 0, 031
, t
23740
25822
28042
30432
21780
, m3
32161
25192
27358
29690
24273
TV
o
Neales , CPMAN
n, rot min
Mm, t
o
Necalc
18,72 10-3 18,66 10-3 18,61 10-3 18,55 10-3 18,69 10-3
0,719
0,715
0,7135
0,712
0,716
7200
7200
7200
8000
7200
135
772
0,719
135
772
0,715
135
772
0,7135
118
906
0,712
135
772
0,716
6202
6575
6942
7323
6152,8
M a i se determina cu relatia:
M a i
M a i
L B
1 1
2
2
L 2 B2
1
Considerand masa unui membru al echipajului, impreuna cu bagajul 120 kg
M c 0,120 39 4, 68 t 5 t
M a i
16
L pp 155,95 m
LCWL 162,18 m
B 20,74 m
D 13,09 m
d 9,64 m
3
3
L pp 100
155,95 100
CB 0,88 0, 7 Frpp 0,1
0,88
0,
7
0,1814
0,1
pp
100
100
CB 0, 77
pp
CP
CB
pp
CM
0, 781
17
M a i
2
M a i
2
L B
970 970 155,95 20, 74
1 1
995,8 t
L 2 B2
2
2 152, 01 20, 2
M m m m Nc
CB
L B d
unde: este volumul real al navei;
L este lungimea navei;
B este latimea navei;
d este pescajul considerat.
24273
CB
0, 775
155,95 20, 74
9, 64
Coeficientul bloc are o influenta semnificativa asupra caracteristicilor de mars ale
navei, asupra stabilitatii, comportarii pe valuri, deplasamentului si volumetriei acesteia.
pentru petroliere, vrachiere:
1, 05 1, 4 0,1814 0, 06 0,856
CB 1, 05 1, 4 Fn 0, 06
1, 05 1, 4 0,1814 0, 06 0, 736
1
3
CB 0, 445 0, 01 Fn
0, 435 0,18141 3 0, 764
pentru nave de transport marfuri uscate cu Fn 0,15 0,30 , formula lui Ayere:
V
7, 098
CB 1, 08 0,536 T 1, 08 0,536
L pp
155,95
CB 0, 775
CB 1, 05 1, 68 Fn 1, 05 1, 68 0,1814 0, 745
formula lui Alexander:
V
7, 098
CB 1, 01 0,5 T 1, 01 0,5
Lpp
155,95
CB 0, 725
19
VT
0,8
Lpp
CB
CWL
LCWL B d
24273
0, 748
162,18 10,
74 9,64
Se adopta: CB = 0,75
Coeficientul suprafetei plutirii
In stadiul preliminar de proiectare se pot folosi unele relatii empirice care
furnizeaza valorile coeficientului d finete al suprafetei plutirii C W, in functie de coeficientul
bloc.
A
C W WL
L B
unde AWL este aria suprafetei plutirii de plina incarcare.
formula lui Galin:
C W 1 2 CB 3 0,833
formula de calcul:
C W 0,82 CB 0, 247 0,82 0, 75 0, 247 0,86
dupa Jeleazkov
20
1
2
CM 1, 012 C B
0, 005
1, 012 0, 751 2 0, 005 0,983
Din diagrama cu variatia coeficientului sectiunii maestre C M in functie de CB
CM 0,985
Adoptam: CM = 0,985
Coeficientul prismatic longitudinal
Coeficientul prismatic longitudinal are o mare influenta asupra rezistentei la
inaintare si se determina cu relatia generala:
C
0, 75
CP
B
0, 761
L A M CM 0,985
In functie de valorile numarului Froude, Fn, literatura de specialitate furnizeaza
urmatoarele expresii de calcul pentru coeficientul prismatic longitudinal:
pentru Fn 0,12 0,3
0, 756
CP 1, 05 1,5 Fn 0, 02 1, 05 1,5 0,1814 0, 02
0, 798
pentru Fn 0,17 0,32 dupa Noghid:
0,32
0,32
CP
0, 751
Fn
0,1814
pentru Fn 0, 255 si CB 0, 615 dupa Noghid:
CP 1, 214 2,32 Fn 0,133
2,3
3
10 Fn
0,
777
pentru nave cu CB 0, 74
CP 1, 214 2,32 Fn 1, 214 2,32 0,1814 0, 793
Adoptam: CP = 0,761
21
CAPITOLUL IV
FORMELE NAVEI
ALEGEREA SCRII DESENULUI :
Pentru o bun precizie, un plan de forme nu trebuie s fie mai scurt dect
1,5 m (2,5 m > L >1.5 m). Scara desenului trebuie s fie aleas conform lungimii navei,
la una din valorile: 1:50, 1:100, 1:150, 1:200. Se recomand pe ct posibil scara 1:100.
4.2. TRASAREA CAROIAJULUI :
22
ld =
hd = ft - nlimea dunetei
4.4. TRASAREA CUPLELOR CUPLELOR CARENEI DE REFERIN N
ORIZONTALUL PLANULUI DE FORME :
Se traseaz in orizontal lungimea L'pv i L'pp
L pv L'pv
'
L
L
L
'
'
, L pp L pp 0,03224
2
2
2
Se mparte L'pv i L'pp in npv i respectiv npp pri egale rezultnd cuplele
carenei de referin pe poriunile profilate i :
L' pv
L ' pv
n pv
; L' pp
L' pp
n pp
23
B
pe fiecare plutire, unde yi este
2
dat pentru fiecare caren de referin i fiecare form a extremitii. Prin unirea
punctelor astfel determinate va rezulta conturul plutirii respective. La intersecia cu
cuplele reale rezult semilimile reale ale plutirilor la cuplele respective. Linia punii
astfel trasat va fi tangent la cercurile de racordare ale etravei i etamboului.
4.5. TRASAREA CUPLELOR REALE N TRANSVERSALUL PLANULUI DE FORME:
Pentru a trasa o cupl oarecare se scot din orizontal pe fiecare plutire semilime
corespunztoare. Aceste semilimi se transpun pe plutirile respective din transversal de
la PD la stnga i la dreapta, unindu-se cu o curba continu. n cazul etravei eliptice i a
pupei cu oglind trapezoidal, se marcheaz i punctele frnturii, msurnd semilimile
din orizontal i nlimile din longitudinal. In aceast zon cupla va avea un punct
unghiular.
4.6. TRASAREA LONGITUDINALELOR I BALANSAREA PLANULUI DE FORME :
Longitudinalele se traseaz lund nlimi la intersecia cu cuplele din transversal
i abscisele de la intersecia cu plutirile in orizontal. Acestea se transpun pe cuplele i
plutirile respective din longitudinal unindu-se cu o linie continu. In zona frnturilor,
longitudinalele vor avea puncte unghiulare.
Balansarea planului de forme este operaia prin care se face corespondena
dimensional intre cele trei proiecii ale planului de forme. Un punct de pe suprafaa
bordajului trebuie s aib aceiai cot n longitudinal i transversal. Punctele care se
balanseaz sunt puncte caracteristice. Transpunerea dimensiunilor de la o proiecie la
alta se recomand a se face prin intermediul unei benzi de hrtie pe care se noteaz cu
creionul dimensiunea respectiva.
Planul de forme a fost realizat cu ajutorul programului TRIBON dupa care a fost
exportat in programul AutoCad sub forma de fisier .DXF unde a fost prelucrat.
24
0.262 0.279
0.291
0.295
0.229
0.303 0.345
0.488
1
0.327
0.86
1.047
1.269
1.357
1.409 1.514
1.747
1
0.584
1.62
2.027
2.458
2.682
2.837 2.977
3.245
2
0.99
2.73
3.242
3.743
4.008
4.169 4.414
4.748
3
2.961
5.46
5.443
6.014
6.335
6.517 6.671
7.111
4
4.807
6.6
7.204
7.844
8.208
8.486 8.722
8.952
5
6.451
7.91
8.458
9.051
9.404
9.67 9.897 10.072
6
7.758
8.88
9.343
9.906
10.17 10.326 10.37
10.37
7
8.638
9.62
9.982 10.323
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
8
8.962
9.94 10.231
10.37
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
9
8.962
9.94 10.231
10.37
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
10
8.962
9.94 10.231
10.37
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
11
8.962
9.94 10.231
10.37
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
12
8.962
9.94 10.231
10.37
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
13
8.962
9.94 10.231
10.37
10.37
10.37 10.37
10.37
14
8.016
9.25
9.698 10.131 10.304 10.358 10.37
10.37
15
6.598
8.03
8.551
9.093
9.416
9.645 9.834
9.997
16
4.646
6.29
6.903
7.611
8.059
8.373 8.605
8.605
17
2.5
4.38
5.02
5.703
6.094
6.37 6.637
6.871
18
0.889
2.39
2.993
3.719
4.129
4.368 4.558
4.723
18 0.483
1.62
2.115
2.766
3.156
3.329 3.424
3.526
19
0.251
1.26
1.675
2.131
2.266
2.289 2.301
2.329
19
0.08
1.17
1.538
1.802
1.764
1.539 1.435
1.414
20
0
0.82
1.26
1.49
1.26
0.74
0
0
25
7
0
0
0.794
2.416
3.673
5.196
7.504
9.167
10.209
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.118
8.963
7.306
4.88
3.648
2.405
1.441
0
8
0
0
1.369
2.814
4.273
5.729
7.954
9.377
10.306
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.225
9.121
7.306
5.027
3.798
2.503
1.485
0
9
0
0.95
2.26
3.7
5.11
6.41
8.37
9.57
10.35
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.29
9.26
7.51
5.19
3.98
2.64
1.54
0
10
0
2.119
3.393
4.727
6.097
7.168
8.783
9.755
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
9.407
7.707
5.379
4.207
2.823
1.646
0
11
0
3.275
4.605
5.796
7
7.874
9.135
9.915
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
9.539
7.889
5.625
4.44
3.058
1.773
0.33
12
0
4.136
5.479
6.631
7.677
8.455
9.444
10.056
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
9.656
8.105
5.906
4.744
3.358
1.953
0.49
13
0
4.742
6.091
7.248
8.881
9.724
10.184
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
9.79
8.336
6.243
5.078
3.691
2.203
0.662
14
0
5.259
6.54
7.694
8.59
9.216
9.956
10.284
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
9.954
8.589
6.661
5.473
4.086
2.542
0.882
LINIA PUNTII
CUPL
A
Extr.
pp
0
1/2
1
1 1/2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18 1/2
19
19 1/2
20
Extr.
Pv
PUNTE
A IN
BORD
x
PD
z
Sageat
a
f
-85.37
-81.87
-77.97
-74.07
-70.17
-66.27
-62.38
-54.58
-46.78
-38.99
-31.19
-23.39
-15.59
-7.80
0.00
7.80
15.60
23.39
31.19
38.99
46.79
54.58
62.38
66.28
70.18
74.07
77.97
2.964
4.362
5.76
6.92
7.92
8.73
9.29
10.01
10.29
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.14
8.99
7.57
6.61
5.53
4.18
2.41
15.34
15.101
14.85
14.64
14.46
14.31
14.18
13.94
13.76
13.58
13.41
13.24
13.15
13.10
13.09
13.12
13.20
13.38
13.72
14.70
14.43
14.79
15.32
15.72
16.11
16.53
16.95
15.49
15.319
15.14
14.99
14.86
17.75
14.65
14.44
14.28
14.10
13.93
13.76
13.67
13.63
13.61
13.64
13.77
13.91
14.24
14.59
14.94
15.25
15.70
16.04
16.39
16.74
17.08
0.15
0.218
0.29
0.348
0.398
3.439
0.467
0.503
0.516
0.522
0.522
0.522
0.522
0.521
0.522
0.522
0.572
0.523
0.522
-0.107
0.509
0.453
0.381
0.323
0.278
0.21
0.122
80.55
0.00
17.23
17.23
26
0(PD)
9.156
8.061
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.249
27
I(B/4)
13.347
11.201
10.041
8.749
6.725
0.709
0.019
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
1.142
8.618
12.822
15.412
II(BOR
D
PLAT)
9.166
4.518
2.291
1.698
1.698
1.698
1.698
1.698
1.982
4.128
10.88
EXTREMITATILE PLUTIRILOR
WL
0
1/
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
PUPA
Xpp
-74.25
Y
0.24
PROV
A
Xpv
76.18
0.482
0.964
1.928
2.892
3.856
4.82
5.784
6.748
7.712
8.676
9.64
10.604
11.568
12.532
-74.25
-74.25
-74.25
-74.25
-74.25
-74.37
-74.76
-75.51
-76.98
-80.16
-83.59
-83.87
-84.15
-84.42
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.94
1.46
1.93
78.46
79.11
79.64
79.35
78.76
78.19
77.75
77.51
77.48
77.67
77.97
78.29
78.59
78.9
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CAPITOLUL V
CALCULE HIDROSTATICE PE PLUTIRI
28
AWL 2 y dx
0
M y 2 x y dx
0
My
AWL
2 L 3
y dx
3 0
I y 2 x 2 y dx
0
AWL z dz
8. Deplasamentul:
=(1+k)V [m3]
[t]
=
= densitatea apei
=volumul real al carenei
29
yb
zB
Vi+1
M yz
V
AWL z x F dz
V
M xz
0
V
M xy
AWL z z dz
V
V
10. Raza metacentric transversal:
I
r0 x
V
11. Raza metacentric longitudinal:
Iy
R0 F
V
Ca metod de integrare s-a folosit metoda
integralei cu suma ariilor trapezelor.
1
b
I a f u du I h
vi vi 1
2
h
Vi
30
WL=
Cupla
Extr. pp
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
Extr.
Pv
Sume
0.00
x
-74.25
-74.07
-70.17
-66.27
-62.38
-54.58
-46.78
-38.99
-31.19
-23.39
-15.59
-7.80
0.00
7.80
15.60
23.39
31.19
38.99
46.79
54.58
62.38
66.28
70.18
74.07
77.97
z=
dx
0.180
3.898
3.898
3.898
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.800
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
3.898
3.898
3.898
-1.791
0.000
y
0.240
0.262
0.327
0.584
0.99
2.961
4.807
6.451
7.758
8.638
8.962
8.962
8.962
8.962
8.962
8.962
8.016
6.598
4.646
2.5
0.889
0.483
0.251
0.08
0.000
s(y)
0.045
1.148
1.776
3.068
15.403
30.284
43.889
55.394
63.920
68.614
69.877
69.877
69.904
69.877
69.877
66.189
56.973
43.835
27.859
13.212
2.674
1.431
0.645
0.000
xy
-17.820
-19.406
-22.946
-38.704
-61.752
-161.608
-224.881
-251.492
-241.957
-202.051
-139.753
-69.877
0.000
69.904
139.780
209.657
250.027
257.243
217.363
136.455
55.455
32.012
17.614
5.926
0.000
s(xy)
-3.35
-82.55
-120.16
-195.79
-870.77
-1506.73
-1857.14
-1923.71
-1730.97
-1332.53
-817.24
-272.41
272.62
817.45
1362.28
1792.08
1977.59
1850.25
1379.36
748.16
170.47
96.72
45.88
0.00
y3
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.20
0.97
25.96
111.08
268.46
466.93
644.52
719.80
719.80
719.80
719.80
719.80
719.80
515.08
287.23
100.29
15.63
0.70
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.00
s(y3)
0.00
0.10
0.46
2.28
104.99
534.24
1479.63
2866.91
4333.00
5318.84
5612.32
5612.32
5614.48
5612.32
5612.32
4814.19
3127.82
1510.75
451.88
63.65
1.59
0.25
0.03
0.00
x2y
1323.14
1437.43
1610.18
2565.07
3851.86
8820.43
10520.39
9804.42
7546.14
4726.19
2179.31
544.83
0.00
545.25
2180.15
4904.72
7798.59
10029.38
10169.33
7447.99
3459.22
2121.65
1236.06
438.94
0.00
s(x2y)
248.45
5939.79
8137.57
12506.59
49402.90
75400.16
79236.28
67641.17
47843.66
26921.09
10620.07
2124.01
2126.47
10624.98
27620.37
49523.86
69502.37
78744.70
68681.12
42521.76
10877.11
6544.16
3264.58
0.00
76.18
845.721
-197.12
31
52674.35
755804.77
WL= 1.00
z= 0.964
Cupla WL= 0.50
x
dx z= 0.482
y
s(y)
Cupla
x
dx
y
s(y)
Extr. pp
-74.25
0.240
Extr.
pp
-74.25
0.240
0
-0
0.5
-74.07
0.180
0.291
0.048
0.5
0.180
0.047
-74.07
0.279
1
-70.17
4.078
1.047
2.624
1
3.898
2.220
-70.17
0.86
1.5
-66.27
3.898
2.027
5.991
1.5
3.898
4.834
-66.27
1.62
2
-62.38
3.898
3.242
10.269
3.898
8.478
-62.38
2.73
32
-54.58
7.797
5.443
33.858
3
7.797
31.929
-54.58
5.46
4
-46.78
7.797
7.204
49.304
7.797
47.016
-46.78
6.6
54
-38.99
7.797
8.458
61.058
5
7.797
56.567
-38.99
7.91
6
-31.19
7.797
9.343
69.397
6
7.797
65.456
-31.19
8.88
7
-23.39
7.797
9.982
75.339
7.797
72.122
-23.39
9.62
87
-15.59
7.797
10.231
78.800
7.797 10.231
76.255
-15.59
9.94
98WL= 2.00
-7.80 z=1.928
7.797
79.771
7.797
77.502
9
-7.80
9.94
10
0.00
7.797
10.231
79.771
Cupla
x
dx
y
s(y)
7.797
77.502
10
0.00
9.94
11 pp
7.80
7.800
10.231
79.802
Extr.
-74.25
0.240
7.800
77.532
11
7.80
9.94
120
15.60
7.797
10.231
79.771
7.797
77.502
12
15.60
9.94
13
23.39
7.797
10.231
79.771
0.5
-74.07
0.180
0.295
0.048
7.797
77.502
13
23.39
9.94
14
31.19
7.797
9.698
77.693
1
-70.17
4.078
1.269
3.189
7.797
74.812
14
31.19
9.25
15
38.99
7.797
8.551
71.144
1.5
-66.27
3.898
2.458
7.264
7.797
67.366
15
38.99
8.03
16
46.79
7.797
6.903
60.247
2
-62.38
3.898
3.743
12.086
7.797
55.827
16
46.79
6.29
17
54.58
7.797
5.02
46.482
3
-54.58
7.797
6.014
38.038
7.797
41.597
17
54.58
4.38
18
62.38
7.797
2.993
31.239
4
-46.78
7.797
7.844
54.025
7.797
26.393
18
62.38
2.39
18.5
66.28
3.898
2.115
9.955
5
-38.99
7.797
9.051
65.865
3.898
7.815
18.5
66.28
1.62
196
70.18
3.898
1.675
7.387
-31.19
7.797
9.906
73.904
3.898
5.613
19
70.18
1.26
19.5
74.07
3.898
1.538
6.262
7
-23.39
7.797
10.323
78.863
3.898
4.736
19.5
74.07
1.17
208
77.97
3.898
1.26
5.453
-15.59
7.797
10.37
80.672
3.898
3.879
20
77.97
0.82
Extr.9Pv
79.11
1.139
0
0.718
-7.80
7.797
10.37
80.855
0.489
0.200
Extr.
78.46
Sume
10 Pv
0.00
7.797
10.370 1095.937
80.855
Sume
11
7.80
7.800
10.37 1036.576
80.886
7.797
80.855
12
15.60
10.37
7.797
80.855
13
23.39
10.37
7.797
79.923
14
31.19
10.131
7.797
74.945
15
38.99
9.093
7.797
65.121
16
46.79
7.611
xy
xy
-17.820
-17.820
-21.554
-20.666
-73.470
-60.348
-134.337
-107.364
-202.223
-170.286
-297.073
-298.001
-337.018
-308.761
-329.735
-308.371
-291.389
-276.949
-233.489
-225.021
-159.542
-155.004
-79.771
-77.502
xy0.000
0.000
79.802
-17.820
77.532
159.573
155.034
239.344
-21.851
232.536
302.490
-89.048
288.517
333.386
-162.901
313.074
322.957
-233.473
294.278
274.002
-328.238
239.069
186.700
-366.958
149.086
140.176
-352.853
107.369
117.543
-308.948
88.421
113.924
-241.465
86.665
98.243
-161.710
63.936
0.000
-80.855
0.000
0.000
80.886
161.741
242.596
315.996
354.518
356.081
32
s(xy)
s(xy)
-- -3.54
-3.46
-193.75
-157.90
-405.02
-326.87
-655.96
-541.14
-1946.51
-1825.62
-2472.00
-2365.46
-2599.34
-2405.89
-2421.45
-2281.87
-2046.24
-1956.93
-1532.23
-1481.53
-932.96
-906.43
-310.99
s(xy)
-302.14
-311.23
302.37
-933.20
906.66
1555.18
-3.57
1510.94
2112.34
-226.12
2031.33
2478.97
-491.05
2345.30
2558.75
-772.53
2367.76
2327.24
-2189.83
2079.25
1796.05
-2710.22
1513.22
637.08
-2806.18
499.83
502.29
-2580.03
381.59
451.13
-2145.79
341.24
413.51
-1571.78
293.52
55.95
-945.64
15.63
147.01
-315.21
-272.28
315.46
945.88
1576.31
2177.67
2614.00
2770.27
y3
y30.01
0.01
- 0.02
0.02
1.15
0.64
8.33
4.25
34.08
20.35
161.26
162.77
373.87
287.50
605.07
494.91
815.57
700.23
994.61
890.28
1070.91
982.11
1070.91
982.11
1070.91
y3
982.11
1070.91
0.01
982.11
1070.91
982.11
1070.91
0.03
982.11
912.11
2.04
791.45
625.25
14.85
517.78
328.94
52.44
248.86
126.51
217.52
84.03
26.81
482.63
13.65
9.46
741.46
4.25
4.70
972.06
2.00
3.64
1100.06
1.60
2.00
1115.16
0.55
0.00
1115.16
0.00
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1039.82
751.83
440.88
s(y3)
s(y3) - - 0.00
0.00
2.37
1.28
18.47
9.53
82.64
47.94
761.50
713.88
2086.19
1755.37
3816.39
3050.22
5538.33
4659.26
7056.97
6200.58
8052.44
7299.49
8349.91
7657.49
8349.91
s(y3)
7657.49
8353.12
7660.44
8349.91
7657.49
8349.91
0.00
7657.49
7730.81
4.22
6914.23
5993.38
32.93
5104.05
3719.88
131.15
2988.75
1775.55
1052.42
1297.76
597.71
2729.51
380.80
70.69
4772.12
34.89
27.60
6680.19
12.18
16.25
8078.19
7.02
10.99
8636.04
4.20
1.14
8694.88
0.13
89099.93
8694.88
78767.66
8698.23
8694.88
8694.88
8401.17
6984.75
4649.81
x2y
s(x2y)
x2y
s(x2y)
1323.14
1323.14
-262.77
1596.53
1530.70
256.84
5155.54
13210.02
4234.73
11236.82
8903.08
27400.25
7115.43
22121.48
12613.86
41936.51
10621.79
34569.85
16213.97
112385.32
16264.62
15766.35 104816.65
124675.31
14444.47
12854.72 119719.35
111579.27
12021.86
9087.86 103178.96
85543.15
8637.50
80540.50
5461.54
56720.82
5263.48
54192.95
2487.90
30990.90
2417.14
29942.87
621.98
12123.85
604.28
11779.02
0.00
2424.77
x2y
s(x2y)
0.00
2355.80
622.45
2427.57
1323.14
604.75
2358.52
2488.86
12129.45
2418.07
11784.45
5599.21
31531.35
1618.48
264.75
5439.96
30634.51
9434.98
58610.79
6248.70
16041.17
8999.13
56290.76
12998.07
87455.22
10796.13
33220.37
12206.12
82668.63
15109.54
109577.50
14563.13
49425.21
13767.78
101259.23
14955.56 126615.65
117208.77
17914.91
13048.87
104544.72
11646.18
103706.88
17167.03
136766.93
9299.82
87126.39
9290.44 120553.37
40805.46
13755.98
7116.08
31994.59
8248.59
34183.56
9635.48
91191.62
6204.91
25962.60
8438.71
32523.55
5648.11
59583.10
6419.57
24605.10
7660.14
31376.67
2521.70
31850.03
4985.17
22227.83
0.00
4362.45
630.43
12288.57
0.00
1218.87
1284889.39
0.00
2457.71
630.91 1155911.61
2460.55
2522.67
12294.25
5675.29
31959.74
9856.23
60549.62
13821.94
92309.37
16659.23
118830.86
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
Extr. Pv
Sume
WL=
Cupla
Extr. pp
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
54.58
62.38
66.28
70.18
74.07
77.97
79.64
7.797
7.797
3.898
3.898
3.898
3.898
1.669
5.703
3.719
2.766
2.131
1.802
1.49
0
3.00
x
-74.25
z=
dx
0.180
4.078
3.898
3.898
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.800
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
2.892
y
0.240
0.229
1.357
2.682
4.008
6.335
8.208
9.404
10.17
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.304
9.416
8.059
-74.07
-70.17
-66.27
-62.38
-54.58
-46.78
-38.99
-31.19
-23.39
-15.59
-7.80
0.00
7.80
15.60
23.39
31.19
38.99
46.79
51.905
36.732
12.639
9.544
7.665
6.416
1.243
1156.684
311.281
231.988
183.322
149.543
133.480
116.177
0.000
2601.71
2117.93
809.44
648.75
551.61
486.58
96.95
374.63
185.49
51.44
21.16
9.68
5.85
3.31
0.00
2441.91
923.64
141.50
60.11
30.27
17.85
2.76
99227.68
s(y)
0.042
3.234
7.872
13.039
40.322
56.696
68.660
76.309
80.075
80.855
80.855
80.855
80.886
80.855
80.855
80.598
76.878
68.126
xy
-17.820
-16.962
-95.223
-177.747
-250.003
-345.758
-383.987
-366.615
-317.182
-242.565
-161.710
-80.855
0.000
80.886
161.741
242.596
321.392
367.111
377.040
s(xy)
-3.13
-228.75
-532.02
-833.68
-2322.57
-2844.91
-2926.22
-2665.78
-2182.17
-1576.06
-945.64
-315.21
315.46
945.88
1576.31
2198.71
2684.13
2901.07
y3
0.01
0.01
2.50
19.29
64.38
254.24
552.98
831.64
1051.87
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1094.00
834.83
523.41
s(y3)
33
16990.35
14471.15
12150.04
10494.17
9887.23
9058.42
0.00
0.00
5.12
42.47
163.09
1242.15
3146.95
5397.97
7342.89
8448.16
8694.88
8694.88
8694.88
8698.23
8694.88
8694.88
8612.40
7519.56
5295.12
x2y
1323.14
1256.38
6682.02
11780.00
15594.19
18871.12
17963.66
14292.48
9892.27
5673.83
2521.70
630.43
0.00
630.91
2522.67
5675.29
10024.54
14312.92
17639.83
131182.89
122652.64
51884.70
44133.58
39723.36
36925.07
7559.25
1432459.62
s(x2y)
232.16
16186.39
35982.46
53352.28
134363.02
143600.42
125750.59
94284.27
60684.45
31950.28
12288.57
2457.71
2460.55
12294.25
31959.74
61205.77
94879.60
124567.82
17
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
Extr. Pv
Sume
WL
CuplaWL=
Cupla
Extr. pp
Extr.
0 pp
0
0.5
0.5
1
1
1.5
1.5
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
18.5
18.5
19
19
19.5
19.5
20
20 Pv
Extr.
Extr.
Pv
Sume
Sume
54.58
62.38
66.28
70.18
74.07
77.97
79.35
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
4.00x
x
-74.37
-74.76
-75.51
-76.98
-74.25
-74.07
-74.07
-70.17
-70.17
-66.27
-66.27
-62.38
-62.38
-54.58
-54.58
-46.78
-46.78
-38.99
-38.99
-31.19
-31.19
-23.39
-23.39
-15.59
-15.59
-7.80
-7.80
0.00
0.00
7.80
7.80
15.60
15.60
23.39
23.39
31.19
31.19
38.99
38.99
46.79
46.79
54.58
54.58
62.38
62.38
66.28
66.28
70.18
70.18
74.07
74.07
77.97
78.19
78.25
77.75
77.51
77.48
7.797
7.797
3.898
3.898
3.898
3.898
1.379
z=
dx z=
dx
0.300
2.910
0.180
0.690
1.440
4.198
4.078
4.588
5.338
3.898
3.898
3.898
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.800
7.800
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
7.797
3.898
3.898
3.898
3.898
3.898
4.117
0.279
3.677
3.437
3.407
6.094
4.129
3.156
2.266
1.764
1.26
0
4.82
5.784
6.784
7.712
y
3.856
y
0.000
0.000
0.240
0.345
0.303
0.488
0.794
1.369
1.514
1.409
1.747
2.416
2.814
2.977
2.837
3.245
3.673
4.273
4.414
4.169
4.748
5.196
5.729
6.671
6.517
7.504
7.954
7.111
8.722
8.486
8.952
9.167
9.377
9.897
10.072
10.209
10.306
9.67
10.37
10.326
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.37
10.358
10.37
9.834
10.225
10.118
9.645
9.997
8.605
8.373
8.605
8.963
9.121
6.637
6.871
7.306
6.37
4.558
4.368
4.723
5.027
4.88
3.424
3.329
3.526
3.648
3.798
2.301
2.289
2.329
2.405
2.503
1.435
1.539
1.414
1.441
1.485
0.74
0
0
55.175
39.854
14.198
10.567
7.854
5.894
0.869
1184.621
s(y)
s(y)
0.052
1.992
0.049
0.168
0.572
3.178
3.362
4.008
6.448
8.153
8.753
13.813
11.867
8.275
9.729
14.405
13.655
15.578
17.286
19.494
43.215
41.659
46.232
53.343
49.511
60.010
58.489
62.622
64.992
67.565
72.586
70.781
74.165
75.537
76.734
79.011
77.954
79.693
80.227
80.605
80.855
80.683
80.855
80.855
80.855
80.855
80.886
80.886
80.855
80.855
80.855
80.808
80.855
78.765
77.982
79.401
79.872
80.290
71.884
70.243
72.520
74.387
75.420
59.421
57.476
60.333
63.425
64.041
43.644
41.862
45.199
47.507
48.080
15.557
15.001
16.077
16.621
17.200
11.158
10.949
12.281
11.797
11.411
7.281
7.461
7.295
7.496
7.773
4.442
0.000
0.103
0.000
1215.738
1201.803
1231.135
1253.845
1271.661
332.623
257.563
209.170
159.017
130.665
98.243
0.000
2766.62
2300.84
909.66
717.60
564.59
446.14
67.74
507.84
226.31
70.39
31.43
11.64
5.49
2.00
0.00
xy
xy0.000
-17.820
-0.000
-25.554
-101.402
-22.443
-36.146
-58.812
-106.240
-122.590
-169.536
-197.464
-98.872
-197.298
-188.019
-215.059
-243.424
-283.189
-275.328
-260.046
-296.161
-324.106
-357.352
-364.097
-355.691
-409.561
-434.121
-388.111
-408.033
-396.992
-418.792
-428.851
-438.675
-385.835
-376.985
-392.657
-397.998
-401.779
-323.420
-322.047
-323.420
-242.565
-242.565
-161.710
-161.710
-80.855
-80.855
0.000
0.000
80.886
80.886
161.741
161.741
242.596
242.596
323.451
323.076
323.451
383.408
376.039
389.763
394.481
398.652
402.585
391.731
402.585
419.334
426.726
362.261
347.687
375.033
398.776
284.323
272.471
294.616
304.410
313.579
226.932
220.636
233.693
241.778
251.720
161.473
160.631
163.438
168.771
175.648
106.295
104.739
106.739
109.998
113.998
34
57.699
0.000
0.000
s(xy)
s(xy)
--3.83
-147.54
-12.47
-42.34
-3.62
-223.00
-237.94
-281.22
-452.49
-384.86
-591.60
-559.15
-658.08
-804.86
-936.79
-921.15
-1248.41
-1106.12
-873.28
-996.37
-2492.80
-2400.45
-2667.64
-2860.20
-3085.56
-3010.15
-2934.34
-3145.71
-3268.55
-3402.60
-3094.89
-3017.35
-3163.44
-3223.47
-3276.51
-2765.03
-2725.18
-2791.62
-2812.45
-2827.19
-2206.49
-2201.14
-2206.49
-1576.06
-1576.06
-945.64
-945.64
-315.21
-315.21
315.46
315.46
945.88
945.88
1576.31
1576.31
2206.73
2205.27
2206.73
2755.69
2725.50
2780.46
2798.85
2815.12
3064.19
2993.15
3088.97
3172.66
3217.74
2981.75
2882.62
3031.54
3189.40
3218.22
2520.71
2417.69
2610.63
2741.37
2777.12
996.44
1029.67
1064.52
1101.77
961.07
757.00
743.09
774.01
800.16
832.94
521.88
535.25
522.68
536.97
556.72
334.64
0.00
8.05
0.00
500.03
-223.22
-641.32
515.55
134.85
y3
y3
0.00
0.01
-0.00
-0.04
0.03
0.12
0.50
2.57
3.47
14.10
22.28
2.80
5.33
26.38
22.83
34.17
49.55
78.02
86.00
107.04
140.28
188.03
72.46
296.87
276.79
359.58
422.55
503.22
663.51
717.40
770.34
824.50
611.10
969.42
1021.76
1064.02
1094.64
904.23
1115.16
1101.02
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1115.16
1111.29
951.02
1035.82
1069.03
897.24
999.10
637.17
587.01
637.17
720.05
758.80
292.36
258.47
324.38
389.98
94.69
105.35
127.04
116.21
83.34
40.14
36.89
43.84
48.55
54.79
12.18
12.63
13.91
15.68
11.99
2.95
3.65
2.83
2.99
3.27
0.41
0.00
0.00
2922.80
1156.71
198.46
83.94
33.38
14.60
1.38
103783.82
s(y3)
s(y3) - 0.01
0.00
0.04
0.36
3.73
7.28
12.23
37.64
43.43
5.73
58.19
124.06
195.49
49.95
76.99
219.04
185.73
275.21
369.99
518.54
1492.63
1361.53
1819.09
2194.21
2694.85
3744.06
3461.40
4198.59
4650.48
5176.12
6365.97
5907.50
6780.09
7151.25
7481.77
8126.71
7817.48
8330.76
8495.52
8614.89
8694.88
8639.78
8694.88
8694.88
8694.88
8694.88
8698.23
8698.23
8694.88
8694.88
8694.88
8679.81
8694.88
8055.00
7830.24
8242.43
8385.58
8515.06
6191.55
5786.32
6378.98
6845.24
7125.80
3623.75
3748.60
4327.42
4478.51
3296.11
1508.92
1332.56
1675.34
1973.39
2015.58
262.80
234.33
290.78
321.12
354.37
101.98
121.73
137.34
110.06
95.28
29.50
30.48
30.13
32.94
36.95
7.89
0.00
0.06
0.00
109349.82
106886.90
114593.00
116951.08
111531.71
18155.21
16066.52
13863.17
11158.99
9678.73
7660.14
0.00
x2y
x2y
0.00
1323.14
-0.00
1892.80
1662.37
2677.35
4356.17
7510.83
7455.10
13856.44
11896.65
6938.07
8602.42
13075.71
12460.79
14252.83
16132.71
18768.05
17173.84
16220.60
18473.35
20216.42
22290.19
19872.02
19413.28
22353.42
23693.91
21182.72
19088.58
18572.08
19591.95
20062.49
20522.09
15041.76
14696.76
15307.73
15515.95
15663.37
10086.81
10044.01
10086.81
5673.83
5673.83
2521.70
2521.70
630.43
630.43
0.00
0.00
630.91
630.91
2522.67
2522.67
5675.29
5675.29
10088.75
10077.08
10088.75
14948.31
14661.02
15196.08
15380.01
15542.66
18834.94
18327.13
18834.94
19618.54
19964.38
19772.92
18977.47
20470.05
21766.00
17735.81
16996.50
18377.85
18988.76
19560.76
15040.40
14623.10
15488.45
16024.35
16683.25
11331.34
12326.10
11272.25
11469.23
11843.50
7873.57
8444.20
7758.35
7906.49
8147.91
4498.81
0.00
0.00
139546.98
133413.41
58332.97
48768.19
40612.71
33793.46
5281.67
1498017.55
s(x2y)
s(x2y)
283.92
10928.26
3136.45
268.70
923.68
15648.26
16844.60
19733.95
31752.16
27006.21
40014.55
37808.39
44544.88
54629.22
63585.15
58956.37
55900.04
63783.33
70844.45
80022.53
144423.29
138918.68
154599.22
165958.51
179269.03
151887.92
148085.93
158960.07
165358.42
172376.06
133057.13
129698.57
136056.40
138702.53
141069.00
97963.73
100387.07
96451.89
99000.61
99812.34
61442.85
61276.00
61442.85
31950.28
31950.28
12288.57
12288.57
2457.71
2457.71
2460.55
2460.55
12294.25
12294.25
31959.74
31959.74
61456.09
61410.58
61456.09
97606.98
96441.46
98572.91
99289.96
99924.04
131703.99
128604.28
132669.92
136441.84
138424.16
150512.71
145431.97
153230.47
161337.61
162685.85
146227.78
140244.52
151448.54
158882.42
161112.36
63880.85
61626.60
66005.43
68240.56
70639.57
51398.53
50470.04
52540.52
54314.44
56539.22
37430.38
38427.36
37474.55
38492.73
39903.85
25225.93
0.00
627.58
0.00
1537022.51
1526905.51
1584930.86
1660367.23
1709254.15
WL=
Cupla
WL=
Extr. pp
Cupla
0
Extr. pp
0.5
0
1
0.5
1.5
1WL=
2
1.5
Cupla
3
2 pp
Extr.
4
3
0
5
4WL=
0.5
6
5
1
WL
13
Cupla
7
6 pp
1.5
Extr.
8
Cupla7
2
0
9
Extr.
8 pp
3
0.5
10
04
9
1
11
0.5
10
5
1.5
12
16
11
2
13
1.5
12
7
3
14
28
13
4
15
39
14
5
16
46
15
10
17
57
16
11
18
68
17
12
18.5
79
18
13
19
8
18.5
14
10
19.5
9
19
15
11
20
10
19.5
16
12 Pv
Extr.
11
20
17
13
Sume
12
Extr.
18
14 Pv
13
Sume
18.5
15
14
19
16
15
19.5
17
16
20
18
17
Extr.
18.5Pv
18
Sume
19
18.5
19.5
19
20
19.5
Extr. Pv
20
Sume
Extr. Pv
Sume
z=
x
dx
10
z=
-80.16
x
dx
-77.97
2.192
-83.59
-74.07
3.898
-77.97
5.622
-70.17
3.898
-74.07
3.898
-66.27
3.898
11-70.17
z=
3.898
-62.38
3.898
-66.27
3.898
x
dx
-54.58
7.797
-62.38
3.898
-83.87
-46.78
7.797
-54.58
7.797
-77.97
5.902
-38.99
7.797
-46.78
7.797
3.898
12-74.07
z=
-31.19
7.797
-38.99
7.797
-70.17
3.898
z=12.53
x
dx
-23.39
7.797
-31.19
7.797
-66.27
5 3.898
-84.15
-15.59
7.797
x
dx
-23.39
7.797
-62.38
3.898
-77.97
6.182
-7.80
7.797
-84.42
-15.59
-54.58
7.797
-74.07
3.898
0.00
7.797
-77.97
6.452
-7.80
-46.78
7.797
-70.17
3.898
7.80
7.800
-74.07
3.898
0.00
-38.99
7.797
-66.27
3.898
15.60
7.797
-70.17
3.898
7.80
7.800
-31.19
7.797
-62.38
3.898
23.39
7.797
-66.27
3.898
15.60
-23.39
7.797
-54.58
7.797
31.19
-62.38
3.898
23.39
-15.59
7.797
-46.78
7.797
38.99
-54.58
7.797
31.19
-7.80
7.797
-38.99
7.797
46.79
-46.78
7.797
38.99
0.00
7.797
-31.19
7.797
54.58
-38.99
7.797
46.79
7.797
7.80
7.800
-23.39
7.797
62.38
-31.19
7.797
54.58
15.60
7.797
-15.59
7.797
66.28
3.898
-23.39
7.797
62.38
23.39
7.797
-7.80
7.797
70.18
3.898
-15.59
7.797
66.28
3.898
31.19
7.797
0.00
7.797
74.07
3.898
-7.80
7.797
70.18
3.898
38.99
7.797
7.80
7.800
0.00
7.797
74.07
3.898
46.79
7.797
15.60
7.797
77.67
3.597
7.80
7.800
77.97
3.898
54.58
7.797
23.39
7.797
15.60
7.797
77.97
3.897
62.38
7.797
31.19
7.797
23.39
7.797
66.28
3.898
38.99
7.797
31.19
7.797
70.18
3.898
46.79
7.797
38.99
7.797
74.07
3.898
54.58
7.797
46.79
7.797
77.97
3.898
62.38
7.797
54.58
7.797
78.29
0.319
66.28
3.898
62.38
7.797
70.18
3.898
66.28
3.898
74.07
3.898
70.18
3.898
77.97
3.898
74.07
3.898
78.59
0.619
77.97
3.898
78.9
0.929
8.676
y
9.64
0.000
y
0.95
0.000
2.26
2.119
3.7
3.393
5.11
10.604
4.727
6.41
6.097
y
8.37
7.168
0.940
9.57
8.783
3.275
10.35
9.755
4.605
11.568
10.37
10.37
5.796
y
10.37
10.37
7
1.460
10.37
y
10.37
7.874
4.136
10.37
1.930
10.37
9.135
5.479
10.37
4.742
10.37
9.915
6.631
10.37
6.091
10.37
7.677
10.37
7.248
10.37
8.455
10.37
8.881
10.37
9.444
10.37
9.724
10.37
10.056
10.29
10.184
10.37
10.37
9.26
10.37
10.37
10.37
7.51
10.37
9.407
10.37
10.37
5.19
10.37
7.707
10.37
10.37
3.98
10.37
5.379
10.37
10.37
2.64
10.37
4.207
10.37
10.37
1.54
10.37
2.823
10.37
10.37
0
10.37
1.646
9.539
10.37
0.000
10.37
0
7.889
10.37
10.37
0.000
5.625
10.37
10.37
4.44
10.37
10.37
3.058
9.656
10.37
1.773
8.105
9.79
0.33
5.906
8.336
0.000
4.744
6.243
3.358
5.078
1.953
3.691
0.49
2.203
0.000
0.662
0.000
s(y)
s(y)
1.041
6.256
5.957
11.616
10.743
17.171
15.826
22.452
21.096
s(y)
57.620
25.853
69.939
62.185
12.438
77.658
72.270
15.358
80.777
78.457
20.272
s(y)
80.855
80.855
24.939
80.855
s(y)
80.855
28.989
17.297
80.855
80.855
66.310
18.740
80.855
21.524
80.855
74.266
23.602
80.886
21.114
80.855
79.081
27.886
80.855
25.998
80.886
80.855
31.441
80.855
31.435
80.855
69.779
80.855
36.261
80.855
76.021
80.543
77.611
80.855
79.631
76.216
80.130
80.855
80.855
65.378
80.855
77.101
80.886
80.855
49.511
80.855
66.719
80.855
80.855
17.872
80.855
51.016
80.855
80.855
12.902
80.855
18.683
80.855
80.855
8.147
80.855
13.701
80.855
80.886
80.855
8.710
77.615
80.855
0.000
80.886
3.208
67.943
80.855
1301.970
80.855
0.000
52.684
80.855
80.855
1340.105
19.617
80.855
80.855
14.614
78.071
80.855
9.416
69.241
78.594
4.099
54.622
70.664
0.053
20.757
56.836
1376.274
15.791
22.065
10.351
17.091
4.761
11.487
0.152
5.584
1406.724
0.307
1446.136
xy
0.000
xy
-74.070
0.000
-167.398
-165.214
-259.636
-251.320
-338.660
-331.703
-399.830
-404.073
xy
-456.826
-447.111
-78.838
-447.704
-479.367
-255.345
-403.495
-456.358
-341.092
-323.420
-404.274
-406.717
xy
-242.565
-323.420
-463.918
-122.859
-161.710
xy
-242.565
-491.149
-322.476
-80.855
-162.931
-161.710
-498.579
-405.830
0.000
-369.724
-80.855
-463.844
-465.311
80.886
-451.160
0.000
-404.274
-508.785
161.741
-508.607
80.886
-323.420
-527.389
242.596
-588.579
161.741
-242.565
-515.444
323.451
-606.544
242.596
-161.710
-470.440
401.187
-555.833
323.451
-80.855
-404.274
433.229
-485.129
404.306
0.000
-323.420
409.911
-404.274
440.106
80.886
-242.565
323.747
-323.420
420.663
161.741
-161.710
263.782
-242.565
335.537
242.596
-80.855
185.262
-161.710
278.827
323.451
0.000
114.072
-80.855
198.104
404.306
80.886
0.000
121.924
446.282
161.741
0.000
80.886
0.000
430.597
242.596
161.741
0.000
350.882
323.451
242.596
294.270
404.306
323.451
214.595
451.756
404.306
131.331
442.387
458.025
25.730
368.410
454.996
0.000
314.418
389.432
235.648
336.555
144.665
259.016
38.206
163.183
35
0.000
51.617
0.000
s(xy)
y3
0.00
s(xy)
y3
-81.18
0.86
0.00
-470.62
11.54
-464.42
9.51
-832.29
50.65
-811.82
39.06
-1166.08
133.43
-1136.31
105.62
-1439.32
263.37
-1434.03
226.65
s(xy)
y3
-3339.67
586.38
-1658.96
368.29
0.83
-3526.31
876.47
-3611.88
677.53
-986.17
35.13
-3318.40 1108.72
-3647.93
928.29
-1162.46
97.65
-2833.88 1115.16
-3355.18
1115.16
-1457.48
194.71
s(xy) 1115.16
y3
-2206.49
-2836.92
1115.16
-1696.87
343.00
3.11
-1576.06 1115.16
s(xy)
y3
-2206.49
1115.16
-1861.42
488.19
-1376.53
70.75
-945.64 1115.16
7.19
-1576.06
1115.16
-3858.45
762.30
-1419.47
164.48
-315.21 1115.16
-1718.34
106.63
-945.64
1115.16
-3752.00
974.72
-1697.85
291.57
315.46 1115.16
-1599.90
225.98
-315.21 1115.16
-3384.36
-1898.51
452.45
945.88 1115.16
-1870.59
380.76
315.46
-2836.92
1115.16
-2019.50
604.42
1576.31 1115.16
-2138.42
700.46
945.88
-2206.49
1115.16
-4065.49
842.30
2206.73 1115.16
-2329.30
919.46
1576.31 1016.89
-1576.06
1115.16
-3843.47
2825.00 1089.55
-4531.53
1056.22
2206.73
-945.64
1115.16
-3410.07
3252.97 1115.16
794.02
-4058.19
1115.16
2837.16
-315.21 1115.16
-2836.92
1115.16
3286.98
423.56
-3467.34
1115.16
3291.94
832.44
315.46 1115.16
-2206.49
2860.17 1115.16
139.80
-2836.92
1115.16
3355.71
457.78
945.88
1115.16
-1576.06
1145.09 1115.16
63.04
-2206.49
1115.16
2948.05
155.63
1576.31
1115.16
-945.64
875.19 1115.16
18.40
-1576.06
1115.16
1197.40
74.46
2206.73
1115.16
-315.21
583.40 1115.16
3.65
-945.64
1115.16
929.54
22.50
2837.16
1115.16
315.46 1115.16
-315.21
1115.16
623.73
4.46
3316.02
867.98
945.88
0.00 1115.16
0.00
315.46
1115.16
237.63
0.00
3418.51
490.98
1576.31 1115.16
-2177.98
945.88
1115.16
0.00
0.00
3046.60
177.98
2206.73 1115.16
1576.31 1115.16
1115.16
-3535.31
1257.40
87.53
2837.16
2206.73
1115.16
991.78
28.60
3337.36
900.31
2837.16
1115.16
674.21
5.57
3485.82
532.43
3361.80
938.31
306.11
0.04
3160.89
206.01
3559.41
579.26
4.10
0.00
1330.83
106.77
3292.00
243.32
-5143.27
1072.08
37.87
1414.95
130.94
741.23
7.45
1160.77
50.28
356.41
0.12
822.87
10.69
11.82
0.00
418.64
0.29
-6233.23
23.98
0.00
-7657.98
s(y3)
s(y3)
0.94
24.17
26.75
121.22
94.68
358.78
281.99
773.38
647.59
s(y3)
3312.75
1159.54
5702.90
4077.14
106.11
7739.25
6260.27
258.79
8669.78
7966.37
569.81
s(y3)
8694.88
8694.88
1047.99
8694.88
s(y3)
8694.88
1619.98
228.32
8694.88
8694.88
4875.02
458.46
8694.88
367.18
8694.88
6771.76
888.83
8698.23
648.26
8694.88
8147.37
1450.10
8694.88
1182.54
8698.23
8694.88
2059.85
8694.88
2107.31
8694.88
5640.06
8694.88
3157.24
8694.88
7248.08
8595.04
7702.21
8694.88
8311.80
7343.10
8465.12
8694.88
8694.88
4746.76
8694.88
7592.71
8698.23
8694.88
2196.27
8694.88
5029.92
8694.88
8694.88
395.34
8694.88
2391.39
8694.88
8694.88
158.74
8694.88
448.45
8694.88
8694.88
42.98
8694.88
188.97
8694.88
8698.23
8694.88
52.54
7731.25
8694.88
0.00
8698.23
8.69
5297.91
8694.88
119743.82
8694.88
0.00
2607.94
8694.88
8694.88
123179.19
517.47
8694.88
8694.88
226.33
7857.30
8694.88
66.60
5585.52
8005.46
10.93
2878.78
5916.26
0.01
609.59
3206.83
126807.47
281.89
729.44
88.32
353.21
14.75
118.84
0.04
21.40
130553.86
0.13
137628.51
x2y
0.00
x2y
5775.06
0.00
12399.18
12881.42
18219.21
18615.24
22444.36
23276.27
24939.81
26779.51
x2y
24933.12
27889.01
6612.13
20944.48
26163.39
19908.75
15730.24
21349.36
25264.71
10086.81
15760.64
28540.14
x2y
5673.83
10086.81
30745.70
10338.58
2521.70
x2y
5673.83
30635.89
25142.78
630.43
13754.60
2521.70
27211.95
30059.79
0.00
28826.66
630.43
21699.53
32651.77
630.91
33417.45
0.00
15760.64
33719.25
2522.67
35689.95
630.91
10086.81
32896.42
5675.29
39007.51
2522.67
5673.83
28132.42
10088.75
37833.80
5675.29
2521.70
22008.11
15641.46
30336.78
10088.75
630.43
15760.64
20268.62
22695.32
15763.07
0.00
10086.81
22373.75
15760.64
20590.38
630.91
5673.83
20195.01
10086.81
22960.65
2522.67
2521.70
17482.71
5673.83
20930.44
5675.29
630.43
13000.76
2521.70
18479.84
10088.75
0.00
8449.69
630.43
13901.95
15763.07
630.91
0.00
9031.29
20879.31
2522.67
0.00
630.91
0.00
23502.87
5675.29
2522.67
0.00
21887.66
10088.75
5675.29
19503.32
15763.07
10088.75
15059.21
21135.40
15763.07
9728.11
24146.37
21428.71
2006.23
22981.07
24834.57
0.00
20838.69
24292.38
16536.57
22305.83
10715.74
18176.44
2978.94
12087.44
0.00
4024.61
0.00
s(x2y)
s(x2y)
6329.46
35421.60
36209.67
59675.24
61386.98
79253.29
81646.54
92351.74
97558.70
s(x2y)
194429.60
106548.93
178853.80
210723.27
78263.12
142976.39
185228.46
88043.08
100647.78
144673.33
104865.65
s(x2y)
61442.85
100766.28
115548.10
31950.28
s(x2y)
61442.85
119632.72
109672.90
12288.57
31950.28
225519.80
107589.82
2457.71
137367.15
12288.57
190681.41
122224.84
2460.55
121313.77
2457.71
146038.46
129357.12
12294.25
134690.31
2460.55
100766.28
129833.94
31959.74
145585.34
12294.25
61442.85
237920.95
61456.09
149763.72
31959.74
31950.28
195472.88
100309.22
265763.03
61456.09
12288.57
147241.49
139995.46
206745.66
100783.30
2457.71
100766.28
166241.30
149920.56
141723.92
2460.55
61442.85
165954.34
100766.28
169783.71
12294.25
31950.28
73433.89
61442.85
171109.43
31959.74
12288.57
59412.28
31950.28
76810.64
61456.09
2457.71
41806.92
12288.57
63112.11
100783.30
2460.55
2457.71
44696.88
142850.29
12294.25
0.00
2460.55
17601.98
173023.91
31959.74
1853402.38
12294.25
0.00
176954.97
61456.09
31959.74
2026674.17
80671.03
100783.30
61456.09
67362.39
143848.68
100783.30
48310.50
176531.00
144992.12
22870.23
183726.34
180357.37
319.99
85404.71
191521.42
2198815.30
72844.38
90819.92
53114.76
78899.95
26690.94
58984.31
921.98
31402.39
2340256.36
1869.43
2507856.10
z
0
0.482
0.964
1.928
2.892
3.856
4.82
5.784
6.748
7.712
8.676
9.64
10.604
11.568
12.532
AW
1691.443
2073.152
2191.875
2313.369
2369.241
2403.606
2431.477
2462.269
2507.690
2543.322
2603.940
2680.211
2752.548
2813.448
2892.272
xF
-0.233
-0.263
0.134
0.324
0.429
0.429
0.411
0.110
-0.178
-0.504
-1.673
-2.638
-3.737
-4.431
-5.295
36
Ix
35116.2
52511.8
59400.0
66151.8
69189.2
71257.9
72899.9
74354.5
76395.3
77967.4
79829.2
82119.5
84538.3
87035.9
91752.3
IyF
1511518
2311680
2569739
2864677
2995600
3053369
3073634
3169832
3320655
3417861
3699518
4034696
4359189
4625273
4934607
z
0
0.482
0.964
1.928
2.892
3.856
4.82
5.784
6.748
7.712
8.676
9.64
10.604
11.568
12.532
AW
1691.443
2073.152
2191.875
2313.369
2369.241
2403.606
2431.477
2462.269
2507.690
2543.322
2603.940
2680.211
2752.548
2813.448
2892.272
xF
-0.233
-0.263
0.134
0.324
0.429
0.429
0.411
0.110
-0.178
-0.504
-1.673
-2.638
-3.737
-4.431
-5.295
0.0
907.3
1935.1
4106.7
6363.7
8664.2
10994.7
13353.5
15749.0
18183.6
20664.6
23211.5
25830.1
28512.9
31263.1
0.0
935.5
1995.4
4234.6
6561.9
8934.1
11337.2
13769.5
16239.6
18750.0
21308.3
23934.6
26634.7
29401.1
32236.9
37
xB
-0.233
-0.249
-0.148
0.053
0.168
0.237
0.276
0.273
0.226
0.150
0.000
-0.237
-0.537
-0.871
-1.223
zB
0.000
0.265
0.512
1.013
1.510
2.006
2.501
2.996
3.494
3.995
4.500
5.012
5.530
6.054
6.582
Ix
35116.2
52511.8
59400.0
66151.8
69189.2
71257.9
72899.9
74354.5
76395.3
77967.4
79829.2
82119.5
84538.3
87035.9
91752.3
IyF
1511518
2311680
2569739
2864677
2995600
3053369
3073634
3169832
3320655
3417861
3699518
4034696
4359189
4625273
4934607
r
57.879
30.695
16.108
10.873
8.224
6.630
5.568
4.851
4.288
3.863
3.538
3.273
3.053
2.935
R
2547.959
1327.935
697.567
470.734
352.412
279.556
237.379
210.848
187.964
179.027
173.823
168.764
162.217
157.841
Coeficienti de finite
WL
0
0.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
z
0
0.482
0.964
1.928
2.892
3.856
4.82
5.784
6.748
7.712
8.676
9.64
10.604
11.568
12.532
AW
1691.443
2073.152
2191.875
2313.369
2369.241
2403.606
2431.477
2462.269
2507.690
2543.322
2603.940
2680.211
2752.548
2813.448
2892.272
AM
CW
0.523
0.641
0.678
0.715
0.733
0.743
0.752
0.761
0.775
0.786
0.805
0.829
0.851
0.870
0.894
0.0
907.3
1935.1
4106.7
6363.7
8664.2
10994.7
13353.5
15749.0
18183.6
20664.6
23211.5
25830.1
28512.9
31263.1
38
CB
-
CM
CPL
CPV
-
0.582
0.621
0.659
0.680
0.695
0.705
0.714
0.722
0.729
0.736
0.744
0.753
0.762
0.771
0.908
0.916
0.921
0.929
0.935
0.938
0.938
0.931
0.927
0.915
0.898
0.885
0.876
0.863
z
0
0.482
0.964
1.928
2.892
3.856
4.82
5.784
6.748
7.712
8.676
9.64
10.604
11.568
12.532
dz
0.48
0.48
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
AW
1691.443
2073.152
2191.875
2313.369
2369.241
2403.606
2431.477
2462.269
2507.690
2543.322
2603.940
2680.211
2752.548
2813.448
2892.272
s(AW)
1882.3
2132.5
2252.6
2341.3
2386.4
2417.5
2446.9
2485.0
2525.5
2573.6
2642.1
2716.4
2783.0
2852.9
V
0.0
907.3
1935.1
4106.7
6363.7
8664.2
10994.7
13353.5
15749.0
18183.6
20664.6
23211.5
25830.1
28512.9
31263.1
39
xF
-0.23308
-0.26268
0.134144
0.323883
0.428692
0.428984
0.411297
0.109532
-0.17803
-0.50432
-1.67283
-2.63808
-3.7371
-4.43103
-5.29548
s(xFAW)
-469.4
-125.3
521.6
882.5
1023.4
1015.6
634.9
-88.4
-864.5
-2819.3
-5713.3
-8678.6
-11376.5
-13891.2
MyOz
0.0
-226.3
-286.6
216.2
1066.9
2053.5
3032.5
3644.5
3559.3
2725.9
8.1
-5499.5
-13865.6
-24832.6
-38223.7
s(zAW)
499.6
1556.1
3286.6
5656.0
8060.1
10494.0
12980.7
15581.8
18268.0
21102.9
24214.5
27512.6
30867.0
34396.0
MxOy
0.0
240.8
990.9
4159.1
9611.5
17381.4
27497.7
40011.1
55032.0
72642.3
92985.6
116328.3
142850.5
172606.3
205764.0
CAPITOLUL VI
DETERMINAREA DEPLASAMENTULUI NAVEI
GOALE,DEADWEIGHT-ULUI SI A REZERVELOR
6.1. Clasificarea grupelor de mase
n conformitate cu ecuaia flotabilitii, deplasamentul navei () reprezint masa
volumului de fluid dezlocuit de carena navei:
40
M C K E 1,36
1 0,5
CB1
0,7
0,8 D T
CB1 CB 1 CB
3 T
0,8 13, 09 9, 64
CB1 0, 75 1 0, 75
0, 7572
3 9, 64
E LWL B T 0,85
D T
0,
7572 0,7
1 0,5
0,
7572 0,7
1 0,5
0,
7572 0,7
1 0,5
E numarul lui Lloyd
41
3139,85
[t]
3356,4
[t]
3573
[t]
3,5 0,133
0, 436
1,52
C factor de corectie
M CST C L B D
C masa specifica
Valorile extrase din diagrama pentru C sunt:
C min 0,114 [t / m3 ]
C max 0,124 [t / m3 ]
M CST min C min L B D
0,114
155,95
[t]
M CST max C max L B D
0,124
155,95
=6221,6 [CP]
N [ KW ] N [CP ] 0, 73
N 6221, 6 0, 73 4572,8 [KW ]
N m 0, 73 N 0,78
N m 0, 73 4572,80,78 522, 7 [t]
42
=780,1 [t]
n care kM=1,3 este un coeficient de siguran, t este timpul de mar exprimat n ore, b c
este consumul specific de combustibil msurat n [Kg/(CPh)], iar N este puterea
instalat msurat n [C.P.].
Timpul de mar poate fi determinat cunoscnd autonomia navei (A) exprimat n
mile marine i viteza (v) msurat n [Nd]:
43
A
.=710,14
v
k c M comb M um M am / M comb
atunci, innd cont de relaiile anterioare expresia devine
N
M cm kc k M A bc =790 [t]
v
Pentru consumul specific de combustibil se recomand valorile:
b c 0,18...0,23 [Kg /(CP h )] ;
pentru turbine,
b c 0,15...0,18 [ Kg /(CP h )] .
pentru motoare Diesel,
[t]
n care:mre =180[K/ZI*OM]
nr.zile=(A/V)/24=30 zile
44
6040 [t]
0,25...0,33 .
M b Dw ( M u M cm M e M re )
M b 18300 (16670 790, 4 6, 6 127,8) 705 [t]
45
CAPITOLUL VII
CALCULUL REZISTENTEI LA INAINTARE SI A PROPULSIEI
Metoda Holtrop Mennen
Metoda Holtrop Mennen se bazeaz pe analiza prin regresie a rezultatelor
ncercrilor experimentale sistematice pe serii de modele, precum i a datelor
msurtorilor la natur, deinute de bazinul olandez de la Wageningen .
Fiind o metod de natur statistic, se poate utiliza n faza de proiectare
preliminar a urmtoarelor tipuri de nave de deplasament :
petroliere, vrachiere (Fn 0.24; 0.73 Cp 0.85; 5.1 LWL/B 7.1; 2.4 B/T 3.2);
portcontainere, distrugtoare (Fn0.45; 0.55Cp0.67; 6.0LWL/B 9.5; 3.0B/T
4.0);
traulere, costiere, remorchere (Fn 0.38; 0.55Cp0.65; 3.9LWL/B 6.3; 2.1 B/T
3.0).
Domeniul n care se poate aplica metoda Holtrop-Mennen este prezentat n fig.10.2,
n funcie de parametrul care se determin cu relaia :
L
162,18
1, 446 C p 0, 03 WL 1, 446 0, 761 0,
03
0,865
=
B
20, 74
Dac valoarea parametrului pentru nava proiectat se situeaz n domeniul de
sub curba din figura 10.2, atunci se poate aplica metoda Holtrop-Mennen.
Conform acestei metode, rezistena total la naintare a navei se determin cu
relaia :
R t R F (1 k1 ) R APP R W R B R TR R A
46
5233,55
R F 207,75 [KN]
n care
-CF este coeficientul rezistenei de frecare;
- este densitatea apei;
-v este viteza navei;
-S este aria suprafeei udate a corpului fr apendici.
Coeficientul rezistenei de frecare a plcii plane echivalente se calculeaz n
conformitate cu formula ITTC 1957 :
CF
0,075
= 0,001537076
(log Re 2) 2
47
Re 9, 666 108
1,203
Coeficientul c14 depinde de formele pupa ale navei prin intermediul coeficientului
cpp :
c14 1 0, 011 c pp 1 0, 011 10
1,11
Valorile uzuale ale coeficientului cpp sunt prezentate n tabel:
Tipuri de forme pupa
Forme normale
Forme U, cu pup Hogner
Forme Pram, cu gondol
cpp
0
10
- 25
48
2
n faza preliminar, aria suprafeei udate a corpului navei fr apendici se poate
estima pe baza relaiei :
S L WL ( 2 T B) C M (0,453 0,4425 C B 0,2862 C M
0,003467 B / T 0,3696 C W ) 2,38 A BT / C B
S 162,18 (2
9, 64 20, 74) 0,985
(0,453+0,4425 0,75-0,2862 0,985
0,003467 20,74/9,64+0,3696 0,83)+2,38 20,678/0,75
2
S 5233,55 [m ]
n care ABT este aria seciunii transversale a bulbului:
ABT 0,105 AM 20, 67 [m 2 ]
AM CM B
T 0,985 20,
74 9,64 196,9
[m2 ]
Rezistena apendicilor se determin n funcie de aria suprafeei apendicilor, S APP,
cu relaia :
R APP C F
v 2
SAPP (1 k 2 )eq =1,253
2
[KN]
i 1
i 1
n tabel sunt furnizate valorile orientative ale factorului de form al apendicilor orientai
pe direcia liniilor de curent.
Denumirea apendicelui
Crm dup etambou
Nav cu dou elice i dou crme suspendate
Cavalei
Derivor
Pantalon cu nervur de legtur pe corp
Pantalon din formele coastelor navei
Arbori portelice
Aripi stabilizatoare
Chile de ruliu
Cupol
49
1+k2
1,31,5
2,8
3
1,52
3
2
24
2,8
1,4
2,7
S APP AR 21, 04 [m 2 ]
S APP aria apendicilor
AR p q ( L pp T) /100 (0,
75 150
/( L pp
75))
R W c1 c 2 c5 g e[ m1 Fn m 4 cos( Fn
)]
RW
40,52 [KN]
n care,
c1 2223105 c37, 78613 (T / B)1, 07961 (90 i E ) 1,37565 ;
c1 2223105 0,1283, 78613 (9,64 / 20,74)1, 07961 (90 31,324 ) 1,37565 =1,49
c7
B/L WL , pentru 0,11 B/L WL 0,25 ;
c7 0,128
c2 e
1,89 c 3
c2 e 1,89
0 , 033
=0,71
,5
c 3 0,56 A 1BT
/[ B T (0,31 A BT TF h B )] ;
c 5 1 0,8 A T /( B T C M ) .
c5 1 0,8 0 /( 20,74 9,64 0,985 ) =1
50
0,34574
3 0,16302
31,324 .
/ 20, 74 , pentru L WL / B 12
0,866
d=-0,9 ;
m1 0,0140407 L WL / T 1,75254 1 / 3 / L WL 4,79323 B / L WL c16
m1 0,0140407 L WL / T 1,75254 1 / 3 / L WL 4,79323 B / L WL c16
c16
0,8
c16 1,196
3 , 29
;
3 , 29
0
,
pentru L3WL / 1726,91 .
c15 -1,69385
51
( 30 , 5012 )
RB 0,00027 [KN]
v2
A T =0
2
[KN]
c6
52
v2
(S S APP )
2
7,0982
RA 0,0004114
(5233,55 21,04 ) =55,8 [KN]
2
R A CA
C A 0,006 (162,18 100) 0,16 0,00205 0,003 (162,18 / 7,5)1/ 2 0,754 0,710 (0,04 0,04 )
C A 0,0004114
n care,
TF /L WL , pentru TF /L WL 0,04 ;
c4
0,04 , pentru TF /L WL 0,04 .
c4 0,04
Rt
348,54 [KN]
53
7.Calculul elicei
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Nr.
Denumire
Simbol
1
2
3
4
5
Rezistena la naintare
Puterea efectiv de remorcare
Coeficient de siaj
Coeficient de suciune
Randament erlativ de rotaie
R
PE=Rv
W
t
rot=1,7-CB
h=
1 t
1 W
54
m/s
Nd
KN
KW
-
6,07
11,8
239
1451,3
0,325
0,26
0,95
1,036
Viteze
7,098
8,1
13,8
15,8
348,25
509
2472,57 4135,5
0,325
0,325
0,26
0,26
0,95
0,95
1,036
1,036
348,25
vA
n
4,8
2,083
1,025
0,718 , cu ajutorul cruia intrm n grafice i
470,67
determinm J
1
n J 2,083 0,44
0,186 m D 5,35 m
D
vA
4,8
kQ
PD
5260
0,02
3
5
2 n D
2 3,14 2,0813 1,025 5,35 5
55
Denumire
Viteza avans n elice
Avans relativ
Raport pas
Randament elice
Coeficient mpingere
6 mpingerea elicei
7 Coeficient de influen al corpului
8 Randament relativ de rotaie
9 Randament cvasipropulsiv
10 Puterea efectiv de remorcare
11 Puterea disponibil
Simbol
v A v 1 W
J v A nD
1 t
1 W
r =1,7-CB
D 0 h r
PE R v
PD
Ae A0 0,45
56
PE
D
UM
m/s
Nd
m/s
-
6,07
11,8
4,097
0,42
0,63
0,53
0,15
Viteze
7,098
13,8
4,8
0,44
0,68
0,55
0,17
8,1
15,8
5,48
0,47
0,7
0,7
0,17
546,5
619,4
619,4
KN
1,096
1,096
1,096
0,95
0,95
0,95
0,551
0,572
0,729
1451,3 2475,57 4135,5
2634
4322,7 5672,8
2,675 1226
ps 102795, 7 N
, unde pd l-am extras din tabele pentru 10 o .
m2
k
0,15
2
2,081 5,35 2 0,0,29
1,27 f c n D 1,27 1025 1,5
ps
106692
0,45 0,29 A Nu caviteaz.
57
58
r R
x1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.535
0.8025
1.07
1.3375
1.605
1.8725
2.14
2.4075
2.675
1.662
1.882
2.05
2.152
2.187
2.144
1.98
1.582
-
br
D
x1
z
0.800
0.906
0.987
1.036
1.053
1.032
0.953
0.762
-
x2
bri br x 2
bre br bri
x3
c r br x 3
x4
er D x 4
bri c r
bre c r
0.617
0.613
0.601
0.586
0.561
0.524
0.463
0.351
0
0.494
0.555
0.593
0.607
0.591
0.541
0.441
0.267
-
0.306
0.351
0.394
0.429
0.462
0.491
0.512
0.494
-
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.389
0.443
0.479
0.5
-
0.280
0.317
0.345
0.363
0.410
0.457
0.457
0.381
-
0.0366
0.0324
0.0282
0.024
0.0198
0.0156
0.0114
0.0072
0.003
0.196
0.173
0.151
0.128
0.106
0.083
0.061
0.039
0.016
0.214
0.238
0.248
0.245
0.181
0.084
-0.015
-0.113
-0.212
-0.018
-0.065
-0.097
-0.116
-0.075
0.000
0.076
0.152
0.212
59
r/R
80
60
40
20
20
40
60
80
90
95
100
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0.0587
0.0439
0.0269
0.0125
0.0054
0.0000
0.0000
0.1084
0.0883
0.0720
0.0557
0.0426
0.0329
0.0250
0.1423
0.1241
0.1060
0.0878
0.0711
0.0558
0.0414
0.1702
0.1505
0.1306
0.1106
0.0905
0.0709
0.0520
0.1889
0.1678
0.1463
0.1245
0.1025
0.0807
0.0590
0.1958
0.1733
0.1509
0.1284
0.1059
0.0835
0.0610
0.1931
0.1706
0.1482
0.1260
0.1039
0.0815
0.0592
0.1850
0.1629
0.1407
0.1186
0.0967
0.0741
0.0520
0.1704
0.1487
0.1272
0.1057
0.0841
0.0625
0.0419
0.1457
0.1257
0.1062
0.0869
0.0674
0.0476
0.0294
0.1260
0.1086
0.0907
0.0729
0.0553
0.0369
0.0211
0.1115
0.0952
0.0788
0.0624
0.0459
0.0292
0.0155
0,9
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
0.0000
0.0587
0.0439
0.0269
0.0125
0.0054
0.0174
0.0356
0.0211
0.0094
0.0022
0.0174
0.0263
0.0188
0.0118
0.0055
0.0008
0.0116
0.0397
0.0287
0.0189
0.0108
0.0047
0.0003
0.0085
0.0513
0.0385
0.0270
0.0171
0.0089
0.0020
60
r/R
100
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
80
60
40
20
20
40
60
80
90
95
55.35
50.95
47.70
43.40
40.20
39.40
40.95
72.65
71.60
70.25
68.40
67.15
66.90
67.80
86.90
86.80
86.55
86.10
85.40
84.90
85.30
96.45
96.80
97.00
96.95
96.80
96.65
96.70
98.60
98.40
98.20
98.10
98.10
97.60
97.00
94.50
94.00
93.25
92.40
91.25
88.80
85.30
87.00
85.80
84.30
82.30
79.35
74.90
68.70
74.40
72.50
70.40
67.70
63.60
57.00
48.25
64.35
62.65
60.15
56.80
52.20
44.20
34.55
56.95
54.90
52.20
48.60
43.35
35.00
25.45
100
0,9
45.15 70.00 87.00 97.00 97.00 87.00 70.00 45.15 30.10 22.00
0,2 30.00 18.20 10.90 5.45 1.55 0.45 2.30 5.90 13.45 20.30 26.20 40.00
0,3 25.35 12.20 5.80 1.70
0.05 1.30 4.60 10.85 16.55 22.20 37.55
0,4 17.85 6.20 1.50
0.30 2.65 7.80 12.50 17.90 34.50
0,5 9.70 1.75
0.70 4.30 8.45 13.30 30.40
0,6 5.10
0.80 4.45 8.40 24.50
0,7
0.40 2.45 16.05
0,8
0.70
0,9
61
k (la 0,6 R) = 44
K0 1
e cos
n
2,289 0,9393
125
0,425
H
15000
3,691
15000
0,53 H
arctg (0,53 3691 / 5350) 0,350
D
cos 06 cos 0,35 0,9393
sin 06 sin 0,35 0,3429
06 arctg
D
5,35
cos sin )
5368 10 5 (2
0,9393 0,3429)
Hm
3,691
2,68
125 1,053 5 600 0,577
n B z C w cos 2
Pw 10 5 (2
K1
Hm
( R B H )
3,691
( R B )
Cw = 600
cos 2 cos 2 15 0,577
1,1
f 1 D
0,85
12,2
1,1
7,2 5,35
0,85
12,2
f1 = 7,2
CG = 1,0142
C Dyn
( max / m 1) f 3
0,5 f 3
(1,619 1) 0,2
1,081
0,5 0,2
f3 = 0,2
f2 = 0,5
max / m f 2 ET 1 = 0,5 1,2378 1 1,619
ET 4,3 10 9
VS n (1 w) D 3
13,8 125 (1 0,325) 5350 3
4,3 10 9
0,1,2378
T
619,4 10 3
CAPITOLUL VIII
62
L
o 30
30
K H sin 2 20, 2 tg 2 22,5 cos 2 20, 2 0,9
P 9,81 0, 7 h 0,9
6,180
h KN m 2
P 9,81 h KH
50,92
7, 59 8mm
235
1
1
B' 2B b
41, 28 12,8 18, 09
3
3
B' 0,8 B 16,56 m ; 16, 6 m
Adoptam: B' ; 18,1 [m]
63
mm
n 2 4,8 [paragraf 6. A. 2]
a = 0,8 m
PB sarcina pe fund in [KN m2 ] parag. 4, B.3;
C1 Co n 2,577
parag 4, A.2.2
1,5
1,5
300 L
300 155,95
Co 10, 75
10, 75
9, 02
100
100
n 3,5 pentru L 90 m
b = 0 [parag. 4, B.212]
adm 230 K [N mm 2 ] pentru L 90 m
adm 120 K 120 [N mm 2 ]
t k 0,1 t ' 0,5 1, 714 mm [parag. 3, K.1]
'
6 4 4 4 7t 4 4 4 8
10 109,93
t 4,8 0,8
1, 714 13,85 mm
230 120
'
t 12,14
64
mm
t crt C a L t k mm
E F1
C = 527
E modulul de elasticitate
E 2, 06 105 [N mm 2 ] [parag. 3, F.1]
120
2, 06 105
1,517 11, 7 mm t
0,5 1,517
Ramane in final: t f 14
[mm] .
Adoptam: b FK 1600 mm
Grosimea chilei plate:
t FK t 2, 0 14 2, 0 16 mm
Adoptam: t FK 16,0 mm
t ; tf
mm
Adoptam: t b 14,00 mm
Grosimea invelisului bordajului deasupra nivelului 0, 2 H 2, 62 conform parag. 6,
C 1,3:
t 2 L h 155,85 1 12, 48 mm
t 3 1, 26 a Ps K t k 11,3
mm
Adoptam: t b, 0,2H 12,5
mm
t k 14, 00 mm
b 800 5 L 1579, 7 mm
Adoptam: bs 16, 00 mm
Grosimea gurnei:
t s 14, 00 mm
Invelisul puntii superioare [parag. 7, A.6]
Grosimea invelisului puntii superioare intre centura si rama longitudinala:
t E 1, 26 a p t k mm
10 T
10
9, 64
ca 27, 06
1 14,82
09
10 z T H
10 13, 09 9, 64 13,
conform parag. 4, B.1
z H 13, 09
t k 0,1 t ' 0,5 0,888
t.... 1, 26 0,8 14,82 0,888 4, 77 mm
P Pb Po
mm
66
8, 61 mm
Tabla lacrimara [parag. 7, A.53]
Nu avem tabla lacrimara.
Racordarea colturilor gurilor de magazii [conform parag. 7, A.32]
b
r n b
1
B
l
13, 6
n
0, 25
200 200
b 11, 2
0,54
B 20, 74
l 23, 2 4800 4800 13, 6
r 0, 25 11, 2 1 0,54 1, 28 m
Adoptam: r 1,3 m
Grosimea tablei ingrosate:
t R 14 8,61 22,6 mm
Adoptam h 1300 mm
Grosimea suportului central:
h
1300
t
30 h
30 1 13,83 mm
120
120
Adoptam t 14,0 mm
Suporti laterali [parag.8, B.3]
Se adopta doi suporti laterali in fiecare bord la o distanta de 3,2 m
Grosimea suportilor laterali:
h
1300
t
h
1, 0 10,83 mm
120
120
Adoptam: t = 11 mm
Gauri de usurare
Inaltimea maxima a gaurilor de usurare = 1020 mm
Distanta dintre marginile gaurilor = 160 mm
67
p1 10 T h DB 10
83,4 kN m 2
9,64 1,3
p p 2 10 h 142,9 kN m 2
V
h D h DB h rm 12, 49
h rm 0, 7 m inaltimea ramei gurii de magazie
a V F m 0,121
Vo
13,8
parag. 4, C.2
F 0,11
0,11
0,121
L
155,95
m = 1,0
kN
P P3 Pi 9,811, 0 12,
49
1 0,121
137,35
2
m
kN
m 2
12,
07 mm
t k 0,1 t ' 0,5 1,55 mm
t ' 10,52
Adoptam: t DB 12 5 17
1300
t
1, 0 k
1, 0 1, 0 11,83
120
120
Adoptam: t = 12 mm
Aria minima a sectiunii varangelor:
2 y
A W T l e 1 k cm 2
unde: 0,3
68
l B' 18,1 m
e 0,8 3 2, 4 m
y 18,1 12,8 5,3 m
2 5,3
A W 0,3 9, 64 l8,1 2,
4 1 1, 0 52, 05 cm 2
l8,1
Verificare: A W
Deci se verifica!
p pd 0
2
Adoptam: p 115 kN m
kN m 2
115
p 2 9,81 h 2
h
h 2 D DB 2,5 14,94 m
2
p 2 9,81 h 2 9,81 14,94
146,56 kN m 2
2
Adoptam: p 2 146,56 kN m
mm
t k t ' 0,1 0,5 9, 43 0,1 0,5 1, 443 mm
t 2 0,9 0,8 146,56 1,0 1,371
10,
08 mm
t k 0,1 8, 716 0,5 1,371
Adoptam: t 15,0
mm
69
W2 0, 44 a l2 p2 k
cm 2
p 115 kN cm 2
p 2 146,56 kN cm 2
cm3
W1 0,55 0,8 1,3
2 115
1,0 85,51
cm3
W2 0, 44 0.8 1,3
2 146,56
1,0 87,18
3
Adoptam: W 87,18 cm 50 % 130, 77
3
cm
W 130, 77 cm3
Profilul: HP 180 x 10
Sunt bracheii care leag longitudinalele de fund i dublu fund de varanga etan.
200
t c 14
18,36
610
Wef 154, 2 1,8 18,36 8 172,85
HP 180 8 18,9.154,2.1,8
D
zul t B z B
H
D Lmax
max
N mm 2
6
p [parag. 5, E.41] + [parag. 5, C.1]
7
p cs p 175 N mm 2
o
175
p
; cs 1, 0
o
k
D L
150 [N/mm 2 ] ;
max
70
B 0,8 L
Admitem t t max 270
pentru fund (z = 0)
max
120 N/mm 2
N mm 2
H
13, 09
longitudinale de fund:
W m a l2 p 0,555
0,8
2,
42 109,13
281,13
cm3
83,3 83,3
0,555
zul 150
l 3 a 2, 4 m
m
p p B 109,93 N mm 2
m k n 1, 0 0, 7 0, 7
p B 10 T po 0,5 b 109,93
b0
HP 220 9
297,
46 cm3
G
p pi [parag. 4, C.2];
pi 9,81 h 1 aV kN m 2
V
h D h DB h rm 13, 09 1,3 0, 7 12, 49 m
h rm 0, 7 ;
a V 0,12
pi 137,35 kN m 2
D
120 150
zul t B z B
270 120 1,3
176,8 N mm 2
H
13, 09
83,3
m
0, 47
176,8
71
m 0, 47 0,55 l ;
l 3 a 2, 4m
1)
2)
p1 10 9, 64 1,3 2, 2
sin 25 74,10 [kN m 2 ]
p1 10 9, 64 1,3 4, 4
sin 25 64,8 [kN m 2 ]
p1 10 9, 64 1,3 5, 6
sin 25 59, 73 [kN m 2 ]
3)
4)
p p1 10 h ;
II.
h H h DB h rm h
1)
2)
3)
4)
1)
2)
3)
4)
G
0, 75 [t m3 ] 1,0 [t m3 ] [parag. 23, B.4.4]
V
h H h DB h rm h ; a V 0,121
pi 9,81 1, 0 12,
49
1 0,121
137,35
[kN m 2 ]
pi 9,811, 0 12, 49 2, 2 sin
25 113,
4 [kN m 2 ]
pi 9,811, 0 12, 49 4, 4 sin
25 104,
28 [kN m 2 ]
pi 9,811, 0 12, 49 5, 6 sin
25 99,3
[kN m 2 ]
Am considerat prima tabl afectat de graifer celelalte nu.
72
1) t t DB 17, 0 mm
2) t 1,1 a p k t k
t 1,1 0,8 133, 6 1,0 1,57
2,
0 13,
72 mm
t k 1, 02 0,5 1,52
3) t 1,1 0,8 124,3 1,0 1,48 2 13,32
mm
t k 1, 48
4) t 1,1 0,8 115,85 1,0 1,447 2 12,91
mm
t k 0,1 9, 47 0,5 1, 447
13,8
13,
4
13
Cadre in tancurile de gurna [parag. 23, B.7] + [parag. 12, B.3] + [parag. 3, F].
W1 0,55 a l2 p k [cm3 ]
W2 0, 44 a
l2 p2 k [cm3 ]
p V 0, 2 bar ;
a V 0,121 ;
1, 025 [t m3 ]
5, 61
sin 25 2,5 13,1
2
a) h1 13,1 mm (pentru traversa peretelui cadru)
b) 2 (pentru coaste cadru)
c) h1 D 2,5 15,6mm (traversa de fund)
a) p p1 9,81 13,1 1,
025
1 0,121
20
167,
66 [kN m 2 ]
b) p p1 9,81 12,1 1,
025
1 0,121
20
156,
4 [kN m 2 ]
c) p p1 9,81 15, 6 1,
025
1 0,121
20
195,84
[kN m 2 ]
p p D 4 l t
100 pV [kN m 2 ]
150
sau:
a)
b)
p p D 5,5 b t
100 pV [kN m 2 ]
20
23, 2
b t 3,97 m
lt
11, 6 m ;
2
155,95
p pD 4
025 20 55, 2 [kN m 2 ]
11, 6 1,
150
20, 74
p p D 5,5
025 20 38,16 [kN m 2 ]
3,97 1,
20
p 2 9,81 h 2 ;
h 2 h1
p 2 9,81 13,1 128,5 [kN m 2 ]
p 2 9,81 12,1 118, 7 [kN m 2 ]
73
cm3
W3 0,55 0,8 2, 42 195,84
496,
25 cm3
Nu mai calculam W2 intrucat p 2 p si 0,44 0,55
c)
a)
b)
c)
c) l 2, 4 m ;
0,9
e 2, 40
em
em
em
3 0, 228
1 0,324 ; n 3 :
2 0,180 ; n 4 :
n 6:
e
e
e
e m 0, 228 2400 547, 2 mm
l 0, 6 2, 45 1, 47 m
coasta intarita: lo 2, 45 m;
l
0, 6
e
em
em
em
1 0, 216 ; n 3 :
2 0,120 ;
1 0, 088
n 6:
m 2:
e
e
e
em 0, 088 2400 211, 2 mm
l 0, 6 2, 4 1, 44 m
traversa fundului: lo 2, 4 m;
l
0, 6
e
em
1 0, 088
m 2:
e
longitudinale de bordaj in tancul de gurna [p. 23, B.5] + [p. 9, B] + [p.8, B.4]
W m a l2 p [cm 2 ] [p. 9, B.3]
p ps [p. 4, B. 2. 1]
z
ps 10 T z po 0,5
b
2T
1)
b=0
[kN m 2 ]
1,3
0
z 1,3 ps 10 9, 64 1,3 27, 06 0,5
9, 64 2
74
98, 75 [kN m 2 ]
2,1
3)
2,9
0
z 2,9 ps 10 9, 64 2,9 27, 06 0,5
19, 28
3, 7
4)
0
z 3,7 ps 10 9, 64 3, 7 27, 06 0,5
19, 28
5)
0
z 4,5 ps 10 9, 64 4,5 27, 06 0,5
19, 28
4,5
ps po 1 b x [kN m 2 ] x 1
m 0,555
a 0,8 (pentru longitudinalele 2, 3, 4, 5)
r a 1,3 0,8
a
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2)
cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 91,87
235,
2 cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 85
217,
4 cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 78,12
203,1
cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 71,
24 182,
4 cm3
Verificare sub juridictia [p.8, B.4]
p p 2 10 h
h D z 2,5
p p1 si p p3 (sunt mai mici)
z 1,3 ps 10 13, 09 1,3 2,5 142,9 [kN m 2 ]
z 2,1 ps 10 13, 09 2,1 2,5 134,9 [kN m 2 ]
z 2,9 ps 10 13, 09 2,9 2,5 126,9 [kN m 2 ]
z 3,7 ps 10 13, 09 3, 7 2,5 118,9 [kN m 2 ]
z 4,5 ps 10 13, 09 4,5 2,5 109,9 [kN m 2 ]
W 0,555 0,833 2, 42 142,9
380,53
cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 134,9
344,99
cm3
75
85 [kN m 2 ]
78,12 [kN m 2 ]
71, 24 [kN m 2 ]
[p.4, B.2.2]
ps 29,5 1 0 1,
0 29,5 [kN m 2 ]
1)
91,87 [kN m 2 ]
0
z 2,1 ps 10 9, 64 2,1 27, 06 0,5
19, 28
2)
324,53
cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 118,9
304,
07 cm3
W 0,555 0,8 2, 42 109,9
281,
06 cm3
3)
4)
5)
W
W
W
W
W
266,66 HP
238,76 HP
221,42 HP
204,01 HP
186,76 HP
Wo W Z
220 10 29,00.288,7.3,0
200 11 27,6.260,7.2,4
200 10 25,6.225,6.2,4
200 9 23,6.212,5.2,4
180 11 24,3.189,3.1,9
W 281,13 cm
0,833
2,
42 109,93
293,
73 [cm3 ]
Longitudinalele tablei nclinate a tancului de gurn [p.23, B.5] + [p.9, B] + [p.8,
B.4]
W m a l2 p [cm 2 ] [p. 9, B.3]
p p 2 10 h
h D z 2,5 m
z h DB 0,8 sin 25 1,3 0,8
sin 25 1, 63 m
ps 10 13, 09 1, 63 2,5 139, 6 [kN m 2 ]
z 1,3 1, 6 sin 25 1,97 m
ps 10 13, 09 1,97 2,5 136, 2 [kN m 2 ]
z 1,3 2, 4 sin 25 2,31 m
ps 10 13, 09 2,31 2,5 132,8 [kN m 2 ]
z 1,3 3, 2 sin 25 2, 65 m
ps 10 13, 09 2, 65 2,5 129, 4 [kN m 2 ]
z 1,3 4 sin 25 2,99 m
ps 10 13, 09 2,99 2,5 126 [kN m 2 ]
z 1,3 4,8 sin 25 3,32 m
76
83,3
;
adm
t 270
B 120
D 150
H 13,09
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
D
adm t B z B
H
adm 176,8 [N mm 2 ]
120 150
83,3
adm 270 120 1, 63
183, 61 [N mm 2 ]; m
0, 45
13, 09
183, 61
83,3
adm 150 1,97 20, 62 190, 62 [N mm 2 ]; m
0, 43
190, 62
83,3
adm 150 2,31 20, 62 197, 63 [N mm 2 ]; m
0, 42
197, 63
83,3
adm 150 2, 65 20, 62 204, 64 [N mm 2 ]; m
0, 4
204, 64
83,3
adm 150 2,99 20, 62 211, 65 [N mm 2 ]; m
0,39
211, 65
83,3
adm 150 3, 22 20, 62 216, 4 [N mm 2 ]; m
0,385
216, 4
m 0,5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
305,
44 cm3
W 0,5 0,8 2, 42 129,
4 297,
62 cm3
W 0,5 0,8 2, 42 126
289,8
cm3
W 0,5 0,8 2, 42 122,
7 282,
21 cm3
Coaste de cal [p. 9, A.2 ] + [ p. 23, B.5.2]
WR n c a l2 pS
f k [cm3 ]
L 100
l 4 m (adoptata)
77
s
f 1, 0 2
l
l
c 1, 0 2,8 k 1, 0 2,8 0,1 0, 72
l
Am admis:
lk
0,1
l
s
f 1, 0 2 1, 0 pentru s 0
l
z
pS 10 T z po
b [kN m 2 ] [p. 4, B.2.2]
0,5
2 T
3,82
z 5, 270
7,18 m ;
b 0 ; po 27, 06
2
7,18
2
pS 10 9, 64 7,18 27, 06
0,5 2 9, 64 0 48, 2 [kN m ]
pS po 1 b 27, 06
1 0 1,0 27,
06 [kN m 2 ]
WR 0,55 0, 72 0,8 4,
02 48,
2 1, 0 1, 0 244,3
cm3
Conform [p.23, B.5.2] modulul de rezisten trebuie majorat cu 20 %:
1,2 WR 293,2 cm3
HP 220 12 33,4.318,5.3,0
7,
78 ; 8 mm
2
p p1 [parag. 4, D.1] 9,81h1
1 av 100
p
u [kN m ]
p pd [parag. 4, D.2]
4000 1600
h1 1600
1, 6 1, 2 2,8 m
2
p v 0, 25 bari
1, 025 [t m3 ] ; a v 0,121 ;
p p1 9,81 2,8 1,
025
1 0,121
0,25 56,56
[kN m 2 ]
100
0,3 b y sin
y 0 ; 20o
p p1 9,81 h1 cos
b 4, 77 m ;
100
p v 56,37
[kN m 2 ] [p.4,D.1]
p 2 9,81 h 2 9,81
5,3 51,99 [kN m 2 ] [p.4, D.2]
h 2 h1 2,5 2,8 2,5 5,3 m
t 2 0,9 0,8 51,99 t k 6, 21 [mm]
t k 0,1 5, 2 0,5 1, 01
Grosimea critica
z
t 'crit t crit 1 8,95 [mm]
eo
z 2,8
eo 0,52 H 6,8 m
t crit c a
L
t
E F1 k
c 527
120
L
120 [kN mm 2 ]
k
E 2, 06 105 [N mm 2 ] [parag. 3, F.1]
120
1,1
11,68 m
2,06 105 1
Admitem: t 12,00 mm
t crit 527 0,8
zul t B z B D
H
L 230
155,95 230
t 0,8
0,8
450
k
450 1,0
230
t max
230 [ N mm2 ]
k
6
6
6
D L
p
150
[N mm 2 ]
p 175
max
7
7
7
B 0,8 max 120 [N mm 2 ]
79
83,3
83,3
0,517 ;
m min k n 0,55 1 0,55
zul 161,12
z 13, 09 1,8 1,34 sin 20 10,83 m
120 150
zul 270 120 10,83
166, 68 [N mm 2 ]
13, 09
83,3
m
0, 499 ;
m min 0,55
166, 68
z 13, 09 1,8 2,14 sin 20 10,56 m
120 150
zul 270 120 10,56
172, 25 [N mm 2 ]
13, 09
83,3
m
0, 469 ;
m min 0,55
177, 25
z 13, 09 1,8 2,94 sin 20 10, 28 m
zul 390 10, 28 20, 62 178, 02 [N mm 2 ]
83,3
m
0, 467 ;
m min 0,55
178, 02
z 13, 09 1,8 3, 74 sin 20 10, 01 m
zul 390 10, 01 20, 62 183, 6 [N mm 2 ]
83,3
m
0, 45 ; m min 0,55
183, 6
z 13, 09 1,8 4,54 sin 20 9, 73 m
zul 390 9, 73 20, 62 189, 4 [N mm 2 ]
m 0, 43 ;
m min 0,55
m
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
I.
p1 9,81 h1
p
1 aV 100
V
1, 025 [t m3 ] ; a v 0,121 ;
p v 0, 25 bari
0,25 47,31
[kN m 2 ]
100
2) h1 1,8 1,34 sin 20 2, 26 m
p1 9,81 2, 26 1,
025
1 0,121
25
50,
47 [kN m 2 ]
3) h1 1,8 2,14 sin 20 2,53 m
p1 11, 27 2,53 25 53,53 [kN m 2 ]
4) h1 1,8 2,94 sin 20 2,8 m
p1 11, 27 2,8 25 56, 61 [kN m 2 ]
80
5) h1 1,8 3, 74 sin 20 3, 08 m
p1 11, 27 3, 08 25 59, 7 [kN m 2 ]
6) h1 1,8 4,54 sin 20 3,35 m
p1 11, 27 3,35 25 62,8 [kN m 2 ]
II.
p1 9,81 h1 cos
0,3 b y sin
4, 77
b 4, 77 ;
y
2,38
2
100
p V
25
56,
2 [kN m 2 ]
25
57,87
[kN m 2 ]
25
59,5
[kN m 2 ]
25
61,
08 [kN m 2 ]
25
62,
08 [kN m 2 ]
2
3
2) W 0,5 0,8 2, 4 57,87
146,
4 cm HP 180 8 18,9.154, 2.1,8
150,53
cm3
2
3
4) W 0,5 0,8 2, 4 61,
08 154,53
cm
2
3
5) W 0,5 0,8 2, 4 62,8
158,88
cm
HP 180 9 20, 7.164, 7.1,8
cm3
Cadrul peretelui nclinat din tancul antiruliu [p.23, B.7] + [p.12, B.3]
W1 0,55 a l2 p k [cm] ;
W2 0, 44 a
l2 p2 k [cm]
p p1 [p.4, D.11]
h 2 2,8 2,5 5,3m
81
I.
5, 614
sin 20 2,55 m
2
p1 9,81 h1
p
1 aV 100
V
h1 1, 6
9,812, 759 1,
025 1 0,121
II.
p1 9,81 h1 cos
25
55,99
[kN m 2 ]
0,3 b y sin
100
p V
25 54 [kN m 2 ]
W1 0,55 a l2 p k 0,55
2,
4 4,82 54 1642
[cm3 ] ;
W1 0,55 a l2 p2 k 0,55
2,
4 51,1
2 51 1554
[cm3 ]
W1 W2
A W 0, 05 a l p k 0,05 2,
4 4,82 55,99
63,56
[cm 2 ]
1
HP 430X16(93,3.1708,52.14,1)
Traverse ntrite de punte din tancul antiruliu [p.10, B.1] +[p.4, B si C] + [p.23,
B.7] + [p.12, B.3]
2
3
W c a l k [cm ]
p p D sau p DA sau p L
10 T
p D p0
c
10 z T H a
[p.4, B si C]
[kN m 2 ]
Po 27, 06 [kN m 2 ] z H
10 9, 64
p D 27, 06
1,
0 14,82 [kN m 2 ]
10 13, 09 9, 64 13, 09
ca 1, 0
p DA p D n
zH
n 1
1 z H
10
p DA p D
c 0,55 2, 4 29,91 3,42 1 456,
4 [cm3 ]
I.
II.
p1 25 [kN m 2 ] ; h1 0
p1 9,81 1, 025
20 25
29,91
[kN m 2 ]
0 1, 43 sin
A W 0, 05 p e lk 0,05 29,91
2, 4 3, 4 12, 2 [cm 2 ]
1
82
I.
II.
120 100
zul 270 120 13, 09
120 [N mm 2 ]
13, 09
83,3
m
0, 694
120
a 0,8 m ; l 2, 4 m
p p D 14,82 [kN m 2 ]
W 0, 694 0,8 2, 42 14,82
47,
4 [cm3 ]
W1 0,55 a l2 p k;
W2 0, 44 a l2 p2 k
W2 W1 ;
p2 p
p p1 sau pd [p.4, D] ; p 2 [p.4, D]
h1 0 ;
p1 25 [kN m 2 ]
h1 0 ;
p1 9,81 0 cos
1, 43 0 sin
20o
25
29,91
[kN m 2 ]
p 2 25 [kN m 2 ]
W 0,55 0,8 2, 42 29,91
75,8
[cm3 ]
HP 140 7
12,6.78,6.1,0
800
t e 15
19, 67 m
610
Wef 78, 6 1 19, 67 7 91, 2 [cm3 ]
HP 150 10
83,3
zul
83
3,
2
120 150
zul 270 120 12, 29
136,5 ;
13, 09
83,3
0, 61
136,5
2) z 11, 49 ;
3) z 10, 69 ;
4) z 9,89 ;
270
83,3
zul 390 11, 49
153, 00 ; m
0,54
13, 09
153
270
83,3
zul 390 10, 69
169,5 ; m
0, 49
13, 09
169,5
270
83,3
zul 390 9,89
186 ;
m
0, 44
13, 09
186
1) W 0, 7 0,8 2, 42 21,
4 69
[cm3 ]
2) W 0, 7 0,8 2, 42 22,8
73,5
[cm3 ]
3) W 0, 7 0,8 2, 42 23,5
75,8
[cm3 ]
4) W 0, 7 0,8 2, 42 26,
4 85,14
[cm3 ]
HP 140 7 12,6.78,6.1,0
HP 140
84
23,
6 [kN m 2 ]
ps 25, 76 [kN m 2 ]
W 0, 6 2, 4 2, 42 23,
6 195,
6 [cm3 ]
A W 0, 61 2, 4 2, 4 23,
6 8,3
[cm 2 ]
HP 150 25 37,5.212,6.2,3
800
t c 37,5
49,18
610
1 1
11, 2 6, 4
11, 2
5, 6 2, 4
16,15
75,
67
11, 2 2
2
W 0,55 75, 67 11,
22 1 5220,
6 [cm3 ]
A W 0,55 75, 67 11,
2 466,12 [cm 2 ]
85
86
CAPITOLUL IX
EVALUAREA STABILITATII IN CAZURI TIPICE DE INCARCARE
87
Cazuri de stabilitate:
Cazul I Nava la plina incarcare , 100 0 0 rezerve:
Nr.Crt.
1
2
3
Situatii
Nava goala
Rezerve
Incarcatura utila
Total
M[t]
4700
1630
16670
23000
z[m]
9,163
4,321
7,128
7,345
d 9,64 m.
r 3,64 m ,
h1 r z B zG 1,115 m
Cazul II Nava la plina incarcare , 10 0 0 rezerve:
Nr.Crt.
1
2
3
Situatii
Nava goala
Rezerve
Incarcatura utila
Total
M[t]
4700
163
16670
21533
z[m]
9,163
2,5
7,128
7,537
r 3,83 m ,
Situatii
Nava goala
Rezerve
Incarcatura utila
Total
M[t]
4700
1630
0
6330
z[m]
9,163
4,321
7,128
7,916
88
r 11,23 m ,
zB =4,82
Situatii
Nava goala
Rezerve
Incarcatura utila
Total
M[t]
z[m]
4700
163
0
4863
9,163
2,5
7,128
8,94
r 14,2 m ,
Analiza stabilitatii:
Cazuri
I Nava la plina incarcare, 100 0 0 rezerve
II Nava la plina incarcare , 10 0 0 rezerve
III Nava fara incarcatura, 100 0 0 rezerve
[t]
23000
21553
6630
D[t]
9,64
8,75
2,79
h[m]
1,115
0,8
4,775
4,863
2,8
6,37
89
CAPITOLUL X
PROIECTAREA INSTALATIEI DE SANTINA
10.1 .Descrierea instalatiei
Instalatia de santina are ca rol evacuarea apelor de la bord provenite prin:
-scurgeri prin neetanseitatile instalatiilor cu tubulaturi;
-condensarea vaporilor de apa pe peretii metalici ca urmare a variatiei de temperatura
de la zi la noapte;
-scurgeri din ploi si din spalarea puntilor;
-scurgeri din spalarea magaziilor;
Instalatia de santina mai indeplineste si urmatoarele functii:
-eliminarea apei ce ramane in tancurile de balast si pe care pompele de balast nu le pot
evacua;
-eliminarea apei din compartimentul de masini in caz de avarie;
-instalatie de rezerva pentru instalatia de balast;
-separarea hidrocarburilor din apa colectata in santina compartimentelor in care exista
reziduuri petrolifere,astfel incat apa deversata peste bord sa aiba un continut minim de
hidrocarburi;
-in cazul submarinelor unde transferul balastului din tancuri si golirea tancurilor se face
cu aer comprimat , instalatia de santina ajuta la eliminarea resturilor de apa din lancuri;
Elemente componente ale instalatiei de balast:
-pompe (centrifuge,volumice);
-tubulatura principala;
-ramificatii;
-armaturi;
-separatoare (filtre,valvule,armaturi de reglaj);
In general ,pompele de santina se amplaseaza in compartimentul de masini
.Configuratia instalatiei de santina trebuie aleasa astfel incat instalatia sa poata indeplini
urmatoarele functii:
-sa realizeze aspiratia cu pompele de santina din orice compartiment;
-sa realizeze aspiratia cu pompele de santina direct din compartimentul de masini;
-sa realizeze aspiratia din compartimentul de masini prin separatorul de santina;
90
1-pompa de santina;
2-pompa de balast;
3,4,5-casete de valvule cu retinere ale instalatiei de santina din afara compartimentului
masini;
6-pompa de santina in compartimentului masini;
7-separator de santina;
8-caseta de distributie;
9-filtre;
10-puturi de santina;
11-sorburi;
Pompa de santina poate aspira din orice compartiment si din orice bord.Selectia
aspiratiei se face cu ajutorul casetelor de valvule 3,4,5.Acelasi lucru poate fi realizat de
pompa de balast 2.Pompa de santina poate realiza drenarea compartimentului masini
avand aspiratia legata prin traseul de tubulatura L1 la caseta de distributie a
compartimentului masini .
Pompa de santina a compartimentului masini aspira prin caseta 8 din puturile de
santina ale compartimentului masini si refuleaza peste bord dupa p prealabila separare
in separatoarele de santina 7.
Separatoarele de santina trebuie sa asigure obtinerea unei concentratii de
hidrocarburi in apa mai mica de 15 p.p.m considerata inofensiva pentru mediul marin.
91
d1 1,68 L (B D) 25
1,68 155,95 (20,74
13,09) 25
d1 147,02mm
Se alege o teava standard 168,3x6,3 cu diametrul nominal d n 150mm
Diametrul interior al ramificatiilor:
d 0 2,15 l (B D) 25 =
l=lungimea compartimentului drenat
13,09)
25 79mm
0
lungimea magaziei 1 = 21,635 m
d12
m3
v min 0,034 3600 122,2
4
h
v min 2
m
s
Dimensionarea tubulaturii:
Norma care reglementeaza calitatea tevei si dimensiunile este DIN 2448.Se
alege o teava OLT 35 cu dimensiunile 168,3X6,3.DIN este echivalentul standardului
roman SR 404-1.
d12
4Q
m
Q
v min vmin
1,92
4
s
d12
92
l
v 2
h (
)
d
2
68
0,11
Re
[Pa]
0,25
- coeficientul pierderilor liniare
1,3
cot 90o
h a h1 2 h ' h 2 3
1 2
2
l
v
h1 2
d
2
8
1025 1,922
h1 2 (0,67
2,77)
0,1
2
15360[pa]
0,25
68
=0,067
0,11
Re
v d 1,92 100
Re
161209
1,191 106
2
l
v
h '
1 2
d
2
8
1025 1,922
h1 2 0,67
2,77
0,1
2
93
15360[pa]
2
l
v
h 23
d
2
104
v2
h 23 0,67
1,33
90276[pa]
0,1
2
h r h 3 4
2
l
v
h 3 4
d
2
10
v 2
h 3 4 0,67
1,9
12028[pa]
0,15
2
S1 2
S1 2 S1' 2
S1 2 S1' 2
l
8
4
d
d
2,68 10
6
0,000134
0,002
8 1025
S1 2 0,067
2,77
0,000518
0,1
0,14
l
8
S23
4
d
d
10
8 1025
S23 0,067
1,33
0,000778
4
0,15
0,15
l
8
S3 4
d 4
10
8 1025
S3 4 0,067
1,9
0,00008
0,15
0,154
Calculul sacinii:
94
H tot g za z r h a h r
H tot 1,025 9,81 (8 0,8) /10 26,71 35mCA
Instalatia de santina pentru magazii este deservita de o electropompa de santina
m3 si H = 35 m CA.
principala cu piston, avand Q 125
95