MANUAL FOR SOVIET MOSIN-NAGANT MANUAL FOR RIFLES & CARBINES ORDNANCE CORPS MAY 1954CHAPTER 2. SECTION 1. vu. vu. BOLT ACTION RIFLES AND CARBINES Paragraph GENERAL Origin and basic qualities -. 5 Bolt action rifles 6 Bolt action carbines ~ 1 Characteristics of 7.62-mm bolt action rifles and carbines ~ 8 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MODELS Rifle M1801 -~ 9 Dragoon rifle M1891 ~ 10 Carbine M1910 - u Rifle M1891/30 - 2 Sniper rifle M1891/30 13 Carbine M1938 ~ “4 Carbine M1944 - 15 INTERCHANGEABILITY . ‘Components interchangeable between all models --- 16 ‘Components interchangeable betweeti specified ‘models ~ 1 AMMUNITION Description ~ 18 Packaging ~ 19 SIGHTING EQUIPMENT Rifle M1891 - 20 Dragoon rifle M1891 a Carbine M1910 - 22 Rifle M1891/30 23 Sniper rifle M1891/30 ~ 24 Carbine M1938 25 Carbine M1944 26 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Rifle M1891 - 27 Dragoon rifle M1891 28 Carbine M1910 29 Rifle M1891/30 30 Sniper rifle M1891/30 - u Carbine M1938 32 Carbine M1944 33 MAINTENANCE ‘Accessories - 34 Care and cleaning - 35 Rifle M1891 - 38 Dragoon rifle M1891 37 Carbine M1910 38 Rifle M1891/30 39 Sniper rifle M1891/30 ~ 40 Carbine M1938 41 Carbine M1944 2 MALFUNCTIONS AFFECTING OPERATIONS General ~ 43 Causes and correction of common malfunctions 44 Page wv Ww 18 19 20 20 21 21 2 22 23 23 24 24 24 24SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION RDI 7-101 May 1954 CHAPTER 2 BOLT ACTION RIFLES AND CARBINES SECTION I. GENERAL 5. ORIGIN AND BASIC QUALITIES The Mosin-Nagant rifle was adopted in 1891 by Imperial Russia. The action of the rifle was developed by Colonel S. I. Mosin of the Imperial Russian Army, and the magazine was devel- oped by Nagant, a Belgian. All Soviet bolt action military rifles and carbines are Mosin- Nagant weapons and all are basically similar to the original Mosin-Nagant rifle adopted by Russia in 1891. These weapons can be considered reasonably effective infantry weapons. Fairly good shooting can be done with them at combat ranges, although their sights do not Lend themselves to the finer degrees of accuracy which can be obtained with similar United States Weapons. They suffer from an overcomplicated bolt, but in other respects are relatively sim- ple to service and maintain. The safety, in that it is extremely hard to engage and disengage, represents a shortcoming of the weapons. 6. BOLT ACTION RIFLES a. The original rifle M1891 was considerably different than later versions of the same modél. The original rifle M1891 had no handguard, was fitted with sling swivels instead of the sling slots used on later versions, and had a leaf rear sight which was designed for the old conical-nosed 7. 62-mm ball cartridge. In 1908 the Spitzer pointed light ball round (which ig still used) was introduced and the rear sight was changed. About this time handguards were added and the swivels were replaced by sling slots bored in the stock. The original M1891 is now a collector's item, and is unlikely to be encountered in the field. The later versions of the rifle M1891 (fig. 1) are no longer being manufactured, and are believed to be obsolete. b. ‘The Dragoon rifle M1891 (fig. 2) was originally developed as a weapon for heavy cav- alry.” Manufacture of this rifle was discontinued about 1930, when it was replaced by the rifle M1891/30. The Dragoon rifle M1891 is believed to be obsolete, but it may be found in limited quantity in satellite armies. ae. FIGURE 1. 7.62-MM RIFLE M1891. ee FIGURE 2. 7.62-MM RIFLE M1891, DRAGOON. 2SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 €. The rifle M1891/30 (ig. 3) is about the same length as the M1891 Dragoon, but it représents many improvements over the Dragoon. The sights used on the M1891/30 are su- perior to those of the Dragoon, and, because the metric system of measurement was adopted in Russia during this period, the sights of the M1891/30 are calibrated in meters rather than in arshins. (One arshin equals 0.71 meters or 0. 78 yards.) Manufacture of the M1891/30 FIGURE 3. 7.62-MM RIFLE M1891/30. d. The sniper rifle M1891/30 (fig. 4), which is basically the M1891/30 adapted for use with a telescope, is a standard weapon in Soviet and satellite armies. The telescopes em- ployed are somewhat similar to those used on United States hunting rifles. FIGURE 4. 7.62-MM SNIPER RIFLE M1691/30. 7. BOLT ACTION CARBINES a. Although Imperial Russia adopted the Mosin-Nagant rifle in 1891, a true carbine did not appear until 1910. The carbine M1910 (fig. 5), with its leaf sight and sling slots, has characteristics of both the original and later versions of the rifle M1891. The carbine M1910 has a hexagonal receiver and does not take a bayonet. This model is comparatively rare and is belleved to be obsolete. FIGURE 5. 1.62-MM CARBINE M1910. 3SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 “May 1954 b. The carbine M1938 (fig. 6) replaced the M1910. It is similar in many respects to the rifle M1891/30. It has a tangent-type rear sight, hooded front sight, and rounded receiver. It does not take a bayonet. This model may be encountered in Soviet and satellite forces al- though it is not believed to be manufactured at present. FIGURE 6. 7.62-MM CARBINE M1938. ¢. The carbine M1944 (fig. 7), introduced during the latter part of World War II, is now considered standard. The permanently fixed bayonet folds down along the right side of the carbine stock when not in use. Except for a slightly longer barrel and the addition of the bay- onet, the carbine M1944 is identical to the M1938. FIGURE 7. 7.62-MM CARBINE M1944 8, CHARACTERISTICS OF 7. 62-MM BOLT ACTION RIFLES AND CARBINES Basie characteristics of 7.62-mm bolt action rifles and carbines are presented in table I.SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 “(pK ozp‘1) szaratm oog'T :edoos nd ‘(PA oFe‘T) St919t4 OOF *T tsy uodeam stip uo Ways odoDsaT=y amy ZO} aBuEd ‘uonrunumure undauryseur punosd pur 91 IMUUNKEA “payuNoUETp St adoos Uy WU-Z9°L 1104 quetuey, | quo8uey, rer woave, | ywa8uey rot peor opera anera apeia sod popoo | is0d papoort| porsayordun| sod papoot| 180d papoon| parsaiosdun | paroaiozdun Cee 0011), | -P6 oot '1), | (Pk 098), | CPs a02'2), | (p« 0022) | (PK 9642) | (ps 9642) s1a}au CON ‘1 |$19,9UF 000 ‘T | SUTYSIE 000 ‘Z| #S491aM CON ‘Z| StaxeUF OOO ‘Z| SUTYsIE OOZ ‘EC | SUTUSIE 00T'E vura/-opr| -urur/-spx| “uw /-sps| —-upw/-spz| -upus/-sps] -uru/-sps | -unu/-sps or-8 or-8 or- 8 or-a or-8 o-e 7 = re pis '2 099'% 099'2 spunos g spunos g| spunoxg| —_spunos ¢ “ur F 08 02 cupnrez] curse wr eee (vepuay sxayrupgeag] fee cury'se | cure 99 "ur ¢"99 lroptos) “ur oF OF “Ur OF cuyg-eh| = curs‘ap| “Ur SL ‘at 6° on “Ohh . “UL'6 16 9 OT aa a 29" cag caren] cance Le ° Fro sor OreT Oe/TeBIN | 08/1681 Tein ToRIw nnn aujgrey oye aujqrey | arpa sodrus aun aur uoomesq 2URe never A sourqzeo pre saqsre vORGY Yio WEBEN-UrEOW ww-z9"L Jo SONSHAIEIEYD “1 aTaeLSOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 SECTION Il. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MODELS 9. RIFLE MI891 ‘The rifle M1891 (fig. 1) is the basic bolt action model. Later bolt action rifle and carbine models are variations and attempted improvements of the M1891. a. This rif_e has a notched-ramp leaf-type rear sight (fig. 8) which has no provision for windage. The sight is graduated from 400 to 3,200 arshins (312 to 2,496 yards) FIGURE 8, REAR SIGHT FOR RIFLE M1891. b. The front signt is the unprotected blade type of sight. ‘The detachable fluted bayonet (fig. 9), with an offset sleeve for the barrel, is fastened to the rifle by a locking ring. 2. FIGURE 9. BAYONET FOR RIFLE M1691 6SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 _ORDI 7-104 d. The two stock bands (fig. 10) are screw expanded (turn to the right to expand and to the left to close). The upper band is at the forward end of the handguard (fig. 11). The lower band is 2 inches forward of the rear sight. ‘The interrupter-ejector is one piece; it is illustrated in figure 12. ‘This rifle has a hexagonal receiver. FIGURE 10. STOCK BANDS FOR RIFLE M1691. ——EEEE FIGURE 11. LOCATION OF UPPER BAND ON RIFLE M1891. FIGURE 12, INTERRUPTER-EJECTOR FOR RIFLE M1891 10. DRAGOON RIFLE M1891 a. The Dragoon rifle M1891 1s shorter than the rifle M1891 ‘The front and rear sights are the same as those of the rifle M1891 (par. 9a and b) ‘The bayonet is the same as that of the rifle M1891 (par. 8c). 4, ‘The Dragoon rifle M1891 has solid stock bands (fig. 13). The upper band is placed about 3-1/2 inches from the front end of the stock (fig. 14).SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1994 ‘The interrupter-ejector is the same as that of the rifle M1691 (par. 9e) 1, This rifle has a hexagonal receiver U1. CARBINE M1910 4. This weapon is a short rifle, or carbine. It is basically a cut-down version of the rifle M1891. The M1910 is 40 inches in length (about 11 inches shorter than the rifle M1891). b. The carbine M1910 has almost a full stock. ¢. The leaf-type rear sight (fig. 15) is graduated from 400 to 2,000 arshins (312 yards to 1,360 yards). 4. The front sight is the unprotected blade type. @, This weapon does not take a bayonet. £. The stock bands are solid, ‘The interrupter-ejector is the same as that of the rifle M1891 (par. 9e) h, ‘This carbine has a hexagonal receiver. * i FIGURE 13. STOCK BANDS FOR DRAGOON RIFLE M1891. _ a FIGURE 14. LOCATION OF UPPER BAND ON DRAGOON RIFLE M1891.SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 FIGURE 15. REAR SIGHT FOR CARBINE M1910. 12, RIFLE M1891/30 a, The rifle M1891/30 is about the same length as the Dragoon rifle M1691 and 2.8 inches shorter than the rifle M1891 : b. ‘The weapon has a curved-ramp tangent-type rear sight (fig. 16). There is no pro- vision for windage adjustment. The sight is graduated from 1 to 20; that is, for ranges of 100 meters to 2,000 meters (fig. 17). The relationship between meters and yards is given below: Meters | Yards [| Meters | Yards Y 100 i10 |] 1,100 | 1,200 200 220 |} 1.200 | 1,300 | 300 330 1,300 | 1,420 | 400 440 || 1,400 | 1)530 | 300 550 1500 | 1,670 800 660 1600 | 1,750 700 770 |) 1,700 | 1,860 800 aso || 1,800 | 1,970 900 990 L9u0 | 2) 080 1,000 | 1,100 |} 2:0u0 | 2,200 ¢. The rifle M1891/30 has a houded post-type front sight (fig. 18) 4. The bayonet (fig. 19) is fastened to the rifle by means of a spring-loaded catch, but is otherwise similar to the bayonet of the rifle M1891 fe. The two stock bands are of the split-ring type (fix. 20) ‘The two-piece interrupter-ejectur for the rifle M1891/30 is illustrated in figure 21 g. This rifle has a round receiverSOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 FIGURE 16. REAR SIGHT FOR RIFLE M18Qi/30 (SIDE VIEW). FIGURE 18. FRONT SIGHT FOR RIFLE M1891/30. 10SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 Che FIGURE 19. BAYONET FOR RIFLE M1891/30. FIGURE 20. STOCK BANDS FOR RIFLE M1891/30. co. SE FIGURE 21. TWO-PIECE INTERRUPTER-EJECTOR FOR RIFLE M1891/30,SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101. 13, SNIPER RIFLE M1891/30 a. The sniper rifle M1891/30 is almost identical in appearance to the rifle M1891/30; however, it has been selected specially for its accuracy, and has been adapted for use with telescopes. b, ‘The bolt handle has been lengthened and bent down to prevent interference with the telescope (fig. 22) ¢. Additional machining and tapping on the receiver of the sniper rifle M1891/30 permits the installation of three different types of mounts and telescopes. The different types of tele- scopes and mounts used on the sniper rifles are illustrated in figures 23 through 30. FIGURE 23, SNIPER RIFLE WITH PE TELESCOPE AND MOUNT.SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 _ FIGURE 24. MODEL PE TELESCOPE, WITH BODY OF MOUNT. CLAMP senew : goon SCREW L AS ene INSERT SCREW ar, ‘ATTACHMENT SCREW eG wense SCREW Booy. ATTACHMENT SCREW ‘WEDGE FIGURE 25. BODY OF PE TELESCOPE MOUNT. 13SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ____May 1954 9 62 \92 FOR THE HEXAGONAL— SHAPED RECEIVER FOR THE ROUND—TYPE RECEIVER FIGURE 26. BASE OF PE TELESCOPE MOUNT. FIGURE 27. SNIPER RIFLE WITH PU TELESCOPE AND MOUNT (RIGHT SIDE). FIGURE 28, SNIPER RIFLE WITH PU TELESCOPE AND MOUNT (LEFT SIDE),SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ‘ORDI 7-101 arr P— © FIGURE 30. PU MOUNT AND TELESCOPE (TOP VIEW), 18SOVIET RIFL AND CARBINES, IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI7-101 May 1954 14. CARBINE M1938 a, The carbine M1938 is a cut-down version of the rifle M1891/30 and, until the introduc tion Of the carbine M1944, replaced it as an arm of troops other than infantry and cavalry. ‘The carbine M1938 is the same length as the carbine M1910 (40 inches). b. The rear ramp sight (fig. 31) is similar to the rear ramp sight of the rifle M1891/30, ‘excepi that it {s shorter and is graduated from 100 meters to 1,000 meters (110 yards to 1, 100 yards). ‘The front sight is the hooded post type. d, The weapon will not accommodate any of the Soviet bayonets. fe. The two stock bands are of the split-ring type. ‘The two-piece interrupter-ejector is the same as that of the rifle M1891/30. g. This carbine has a round receiver. FIGURE 31. REAR RAMP SIGHT FOR CARBINE M1938. 15. CARBINE M1944 ‘The carbine M1944 is identical to the M1938, except that it has a slightly longer barrel, carries a nondetachable folding bayonet (fig. 32), and the right side of the stock is modified slightly in order to accommodate the bayonet in the folded position. When the bayonet is folded, the M1944 is the same length as the carbine M1938 (40 inches); with the bayonet ex- tended, it is 52. 25 inches in length. FIGURE 32. BAYONET FOR CARBINE M1944, 16SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES + IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 SECTION Ill. INTERCHANGEABILITY 16. COMPONENTS INTERCHANGEABLE BETWEEN ALL MODELS a. While many of the component parts are interchangeable between all Mosin-Nagant bolt action rifles and carbines, these weapons function more efficiently with their original components. Each component is stamped with the serial number of the original weapon and, if possible, ‘should be used with that weapon; this applies even to individual weapons of the same models. b. The following components are interchangeable between all Mosin-Nagant bolt action rifles and carbines: (J) Bolts and bolt assemblies (except that the bolt body of other models can not be used in the sniper rifle M1891/30). @) Trigger assemblies. (8) Interrupter-ejectors (both one~ and two-piece) (4) Magazines and magazine asseinblies. (8) Front sights. (6) Butt plates and screws. (1) Stock bands and retaining spring (@) Trigger guard screws. 17. COMPONENTS INTERCHANGEABLE BETWEEN SPECIFIED MODELS Handguards, stocks, rear sights, and bayonets are interchangeable between certain Mosin- Nagant models, as cited below. ‘a, Rifle M1891, The following parts of the weapons specified can be used on the rifle MI89i. (1) The stock of the Dragoon rifle M1891, rifle M1891/30, or sniper rifle M1891/30. (2) The rear sight of the Dragoon rifle M1891. (8) The bayonet of the Dragoon rifle M1891, rifle M1891/30, or sniper rifle M1891/30. b. Dragoon rifle M1891. The following parts of the weapons specified can be used on the Dragoon Fifle MI89i. (1) The handguard of the rifle M1891/30 or sniper rifle M1891/30. (2) The stock of the rifle M1891/30 or sniper rifle M1891/30. (The stock of the ‘M1891 also can be used, but will prevent attaching the bayonet.) (8) The rear sight of the rifle M1891. (4) The bayonet of the rifle M1891, rifle M1891/30, or sniper rifle M1891/30. a7SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 ¢. Carbine M1910. The stock of the carbine M1938 or M1944 can be used on the M1910. d. Rifle M1891/30. The following parts of the weapons specified can be used on the 1891/30. (2) The handguard of the Dragoon M1891 or sniper rifle M1891/30. (2) The stock of the Dragoon M1891 or sniper rifle M1891/30. (The stock of the rifle M1891 also can be used, but will prevent attaching the bayonet. ) (8) The bayonet of the sniper rifle M1891/30. e,_ Slper rife MIGSI/S0, ‘The following parts of the weapons specified can be used on the sniper rifle M1891/30. (1) The stock of the Dragoon rifle M1891 or rifle M1891/30. (The stock of the rifle M1891 also can be used, but will prevent attaching the bayonet. ) NOTE: If the PU telescope mount is to be used, these stocks must be cut away so that the mount may rest flush against the receiver. (Use of the un- ‘identified sight mount shown in figure 22 may likewise necessitate cut- ting away part of the stock.) (2) ‘The bayonet of the rifle M1891/30. {. Carbine M1938. The following parts of the weapons specified can be used on the carbine M1938, (1) The handguard of the carbine M1944. (2) The stock of the carbine M1910 or M1944. (3) The rear sight of the carbine M1944. g. Carbine M1944. The following parts of the weapons specified can be used on the carbine (1) ‘The handguard of the carbine M1938. (2) The rear sight of the carbine M1938. SECTION IV. AMMUNITION 18. DESCRIPTION Standard Soviet rifle ammunition (fig. 33) is of 7.62-mm caliber (cal. .30), has a rimmed bottlenecked case, and is 3.03 inches in length. Ground machinegun ammunition, which is identical in appearance except for color markings, may be used in rifles and carbines; how- ever, only the light ball M1908 and heavy ball M1930 are recommended for this purpose by the Soviet Army. No color marking is found on the ammunition for the light bullet M1908. ‘The heavy bullet M1930 has a yellow tip. NOTE: ShKAS aircraft machinegun ammunition should not be used in rifles since it may damage the extractor. ShKAS ammunition can be identified by the Russian sym- bol If (Sh) stamped on the base; in addition to the stamped symbol, ShKAS rounds sometimes have red shellac coloring on the primer. 18SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 oF 6 FIGURE 33. SOVIET RIFLE AMMUNITION {LIGHT BALL ON LEFT, HEAVY BALL ON RIGHT). 19. PACKAGING wunition for rifles is usually packed in five-round clips (fig. 34), three clips to a cardboard package, twenty packages to a hermetically sealed zinc-coated metal container (a total of 300 cartridges), and two metal containers to a wooden box (a total of 600 cartridges). ‘The wooden boxes are marked as illustrated in figure 35. Rifle ammunition also may be packed in twenty~ round packages tied with a string or tape; twenty-two such packages are hermetically sealed in a metal container (a total of 440 cartridges), and two metal containers are then packed in a wooden box (a total of 880 cartridges). Machinegun ammunition is packed in this same manner. ‘There are no color markings on the packaging of the light bullet M1908; however, the heavy bullet M1930 has a yellow stripe on both the inner metal and the outer wooden packing boxes. FIGURE 34. SOVIET FIVE-ROUND CARTRIDGE CLIPS.SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 HEIGHT 6" Hy CARTRIDGE CASE MATE wort AS" CALIBER MATERIAL, LENGTH -19° BULLET TYPE NUMBER OF ROUNDS FIGURE 35, SOVIET AMMUNITION BOX. SECTION V. SIGHTING EQUIPMENT 20. RIFLE M1891 ‘The front sight is of the unprotected blade type and is dovetailed into the sight base, which is soldered to the barrel. The notched-ramp leaf-type rear sight (fig. 8) is graduated from 400 to 3,200 arshins (312 to 2,496 yards), but has no provisions for windage adjustment. 21. DRAGOON RIFLE M1691 ‘The sighting equipment of this rifle is identical to that of the rifle M1891. 22. CARBINE M1910 ‘The front sight is of the unprotected blade type and is identical to that of the rifle M1691. The leaf-type rear sight is graduated from 400 to 2,000 arshins (312 to 1, 560 yards). 23, RIFLE M1891/30 ‘The front sight (fig. 18) is a hooded post type and is dovetailed into the sight base, which is welded to the barrel. The curved-ramp tangent-type rear sight (fig. 17) is graduated from 100 to 2, 000 meters (110 to 2,200 yards). There is no provision for windage adjustment. 20SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 24. SNIPER RIFLE M1691/30 a. The front and rear iron sights of this rifle are not removed when the telescope is attached, and are identical to those used on the rifle M1891/30. These sights may be used for ranges up to 700 meters (770 yards) without removing the telescope, when the rifle is ‘equipped with the unidentified scope and mount shown in figure 22. The iron sights may be tused up to 600 meters (660 yards) when the PE scope (lig. 23) is mounted, and up to 2,000 meters (2,200 yards) with the PU scope (fig. 27) b. Basic characteristics of the PE and PU telescopes are given below: Characteristics PE scope BU scope Power “ 3.5% Field of view 5° 30" 4°30" Diameter of exit pupil 0.273 in. 0.234 in. Eye relief* 3.24 in, 2.80 in. Length 10.68 in. 6.99 in, Weight 1.3.1b, 0, 89 Ib. ——SEYE Felief is the distance from the eyelens to the focal point. ¢- External features of the PE and PU optical sights are given below: (1) A thumbscrew with sight graduations at 100-meter intervals is located on top of both telescopes. This thumbscrew is used for setting angles of elevation. (a Inthe PE system, the scale of graduations is from 1 to 14; therefore, the PE scope may be sighted from 100 to 1,400 meters (110 to 1, 540 yards). (©) In the PU system the scale of graduations is from 1 to 13; therefore, the PU scope may be sighted from 100 to 1, 300 meters (110 to 1, 420 yards). (2) A thumbscrew for lateral corrections (windage, drift, and in the case of a moving target, lead) is located on the left side of these telescopes. It has 10 graduations in either direction, beginning with zero; the plus markings are used for corrections to the right and the minus markings for corrections to the Left. Each graduation is equal to one mil and only the Sth and 10th graduations are numbered. (3) On the tube of the PE sight there is a knurled collar with a diopter scale, to make adjustments for defects of vision, The plus markings on the scale are used to make adjustments for farsightedness, and the minus markings for near~ sightedness. With the PU optical sight, such corrections are made by moving the eye nearer to or farther away from the eyepiece, until the optimum acuity of vision is achieved. 25. CARBINE M1938 ‘The hooded post-type front sight of the carbine M1938 is very similar to the front sight of the ile M1891/30, but i mounted on a barrel band, The curved-ramp tangent-type rear sight {e also very similar in construction to that of the M1891/30; however, it is graduated from 100 to 1,000 meters (110 to 1, 100 yards) (fig. 31). a1SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI7-101__ ‘May 1954 26. CARBINE M1944 The front and rear sights of the carbine M1944 are identical to those of the carbine M1938, SECTION VI. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 27, RIFLE M1891 a. To set the safety, draw back the cocking piece and turn it to the left. This prevents the bolt from opening. To put off safe, pull the cocking piece back, turn it to the right, and allow it to move forward, b. The rifle M1891 is loaded in the same manner as the United States Springfield or any Mauser rifle. Open the bolt, place a clip of cartridges in the clip guides, and press the roxnds down into the magazine (fig. 36). Close the bolt; the clip will then fall out of the clip guides onto the ground. ‘The position of the rifle parts before and after loading is illustrated in figures 37 and 38. Before squeezing the trigger, observe all the safety precautions used when firing United States rifles. ¢. To unload the rifle M1891, open the magazine floor plate and remove the cartridges. ‘The magazine floor plate catch is located on the lower rear part of the magazine, forward of the trigger guard. Press the catch rearward; the follower and floor plate (fig. 39) will swing down and forward on a pivot pin, and the cartridges will spill out. Open the bolt and extract the round from the chamber. d. The M1891 bayonet (fig. 9) is attached by a locking ring; if the M1891/30 bayonet (fix. 19) is used, a spring-loaded catch holds the bayonet in place. FIGURE 36. CLIP-LOADING THE RIFLE. 22SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 FIGURE 37. POSITION OF PARTS PRIOR TO LOADING THE RIFLE, FIGURE 39. FOLLOWER AND FLOOR PLATE. 28. DRAGOON RIFLE M1891 Operating instructions for the Dragoon M1891 are the same as for the rifle M1891 b. The bayonet of the rifle M1891 or M1891/30 is attached to the Dragoon M1891 in the same manner as described for the rifle M1891 29. CARBINE M1910 Operating instructions for the carbine M1910 are the same as those for the rifle M1891; how- ever, bayonets are not provided for this carbine. 23SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 30. RIFLE M1891/30 a. Operating instructions for the rifle M1891/30 are the same as those for the rifle i891. b. The bayonet is attached by means of a spring-loaded catch. 31, SNIPER RIFLE M1891/30 a, Operating instructions for this rifle are the same as those for the rifte M1891. ‘The bayonet for the rifle M1691/30 is attached to the sniper rifle by means of a spring-loaded , Instructions for operating the rifle telescopes are given in paragraph 24. 32. CARBINE M1938 Operating instructions for this carbine are the same as those for the rifle M1891; however, bay- onets are not provided for this carbine. 33. CARBINE M1944 Operating instructions for this carbine are the same as those for the rifle M1891; however, this carbine has a nondetachable bayonet which may be folded or extended by forcing the spring-loaded bayonet tube away from the pivot pin and then swinging the bayonet to either marching or combat position. SECTION VII. MAINTENANCE 34. ACCESSORIES Each Mosin-Nagant bolt action rifle and carbine is provided with a one-piece cleaning rod (fig. 40) which is fitted in the stock. The rod is threaded on the end to take the tapped re- taining nut embedded in the stock just below the chamber (fig. 37). An accessory pouch (fig. 41) is carried by each rifleman. It contains a screwdriver, oil can, cleaning rod head, cleaning rod brush, cleaning rod attachment, rod collar, and cleaning rod stop (fig. 42). ‘There are variations in the design of the oil can and screwdriver (lig. 43). — FIGURE 40. CLEANING ROD ASSEMBLY. 24SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 ORDI 7-101 FIGURE 41. ACCESSORY POUCH. FIGURE 42. ACCESSORY POUCH CONTENTS. FIGURE 43. VARIATION IN DESIGN OF ACCESSORIES.SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 36. CARE AND CLEANING ‘The care and cleaning of the Soviet Mosin-Nagant bolt action weapons are the same as that required for the United States service rifle M1903. 36. RIFLE M1991 a, Disassembly. (1) To remove the bolt (tig. 44), squeeze the trigger and, at the same time, pull the bolt all the way to the rear (fig. 45). 2) To disassembly the bolt, draw the cocking piece back and turn it to the left to relieve spring tension (fig. 48). Remove the bolt head and guide. Place the firing pin on a solid surface, push the bolt body down, and unscrew the cocking piece (fig. 47); then remove the firing pin and spring. ‘The components of the bolt assembly are illustrated in figure 48. (8) To remove the magazine follower, push the magazine floor plate catch reai ward (the catch is on the bottom of the magazine, just forward of the trigger guard); at the same time, pull the floor plate down. The follower and floor plate (fig. 39) will swing down and forward on a pivot pin. Grasp the follower and floor plate with the forefinger and thumb, press them together, and pull down to remove them. (4) To remove the magazine and trigger guard, extract the rear trigger guard screw {rom the top of the stock just forward of the small of the stock, and the front trigger guard screw from the forward part of the magazine on the bottom of the stock (figs. 49 and 50). (A screwdriver provided in the accessory kit is used for this purpose.) Pull the magazine and trigger guard (fig. 51) out of the stock. (8) The stock bands are removed by turning the screw to the right to expand the bands, then slipping the bands forward and off the stock. (6) To remove the one-piece interrupter-ejector, remove the screw and push the interrupter-ejector forward until it is disengaged from the dovetail. b. Assembly. Assembly is accomplished in the reverse order of disassembly, described in a above. Itis necessary to make certain that the rear of the firing pin is flush with the cocking piece, and that the marks on the rear of the firing pin are alined with those on the ‘cocking piece, in order to assure correct protrusion of the firing pin. al ee Se 26SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1954 orDI | FIGURE 45. REMOVING THE BOLT. FIGURE 46. DRAWING COCKING PIECE BACK. anSOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 May 1954 FIGURE 47. REMOVING COCKING PIECE. (COCKING PIECE our MEAD FIRING PIN GUIDE RTE FIGURE 48. BOLT ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS. 28SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION May 1994 __ORDI 7-101 FIGURE 49. REMOVING REAR TRIGGER GUARD SCREW. FIGURE 50, REMOVING THE FRONT TRIGGER GUARD SCREW 29SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION ORDI 7-101 _ May 1954 FIGURE 51. MAGAZINE AND TRIGGER GUARD. 37. DRAGOON RIFLE M1891 ‘The disassembly of the Dragoon rifle M1891 is the same as that of the rifle M1891, except with regard to the stock bands. To remove the stock bands of the M1891 Dragoon, depress the band retaining springs and slide the bands forward. 38, CARBINE M1910 Disassembly of the carbine M1910 is the same as that of the rifle M1891, except that band retaining springs must be depressed to remove the stock bands. 39. RIFLE M1891/30 Disassembly of the rifle M1891/30 is the same as that of the M1891, except that band retaining springs must be depressed to remove the split-ring stock bands. 40. SNIPER RIFLE M1891/30 “The sniper rifle M1891/30 is disassembled in the same manner as the rifle M1891/30; how- ever, the telescope must be sent to a fire control maintenance unit for disassembly, repairs, or adjustment. 41, CARBINE M1938 ‘The carbine M1938 is disassembled in the same manner as the rifle M1891/30. 42, CARBINE M1944 ‘The carbine M1944 is disassembled in the same manner as the rifle M1891/30; however, the bayonet is not detachable. SECTION VII. MALFUNCTIONS AFFECTING OPERATIONS 43. GENERAL ‘Stoppages are usually caused by improper assembly or improper loading of the magazine, but they also may be caused by dirt, breakage of parts, or defective ammunition. When a stop page occurs, check the weapon quickly, cock the hammer, and fire again. If the weapon still fails to fire, take corrective action. 30May 1954 44. CAUSES AND CORRECTION OF COMMON MALFUNCTIONS SOVIET RIFLES AND CARBINES IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION _ORDI7-101 ‘The malfunctions occurring most frequently, their probable cause, and the proper remedial action necessary to overcome the stoppage are listed below. Malfunction , Probable cause Remedial action Magazine floor plate falls open. Cartridge jams in process of being chambered. Cartridge is chambered with difficulty. Misfire. Fails to extract. Falls to eject. Bolt is pulled out of re- ceiver during process of opening bolt. Defective floor plate catch. Screw is weakened, tooth worn or chamfered. Defective interrupter: ejector. Cartridge not positioned below interrupter- ejector blade. Dented cartridge case. Dirty chamber. Excessive primer pro- trusion, Defective primer. Firing pin protrusion insufficient. Firing pin spring weak or broken, Dirt in firing mechanism. Defective extractor. Interrupter-ejector spring- portion is bent. Dirt in interrupter- ejector slot. Loose trigger-spring screw. Worn bolt stop. Load and fire single rounds until fire is ‘completed. Tighten screw. Clean and oil interrupter- ejector blade. Correct position of car- tridge by hand and chamber round. Remove defective car- tridge. Clean chamber. Remove defective car- tridge. Reload and continue firing.| ‘Adjust firing pin protru- sion, ‘Turn in weapon to Ord~ Clean mechanism. ‘Turn in weapon to Ord- nance. ‘Turn in weapon to Ord- nance. Clean and oil. ‘Tighten trigger-spring Turn in weapon to Ord- nance. 31