S GD&T VNH PHC

CHNH THC

K THI CHN HSG LP 10 NM HC 2011-2012

THI MN: TON
Dnh cho hc sinh THPT khng chuyn
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht, khng k thi gian giao

Cu 1 (4,0 im).

x2 x 1 x2 x 1 2

x .

1.

Gii phng trnh:

2.

Gi s phng trnh bc hai n x ( m l tham s): x 2 2 m 1 x m3 m 1 0 c hai

2

nghim x1 , x2 tha mn iu kin x1 x2 4 . Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu

thc sau: P x13 x23 x1 x2 3x1 3x2 8 .
Cu 2 (1,5 im).
x 2 x3 y xy 2 xy y 1

Gii h phng trnh: 4

( x, y ) .
2

x y xy (2 x 1) 1

Cu 3 (1,5 im).

Cho x, y l hai s thc dng tho mn iu kin x 1 x 2

1 y 2 2012 . Tm gi tr

nh nht ca P x y .
Cu 4 (3,0 im).
1. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn tm O. Gi M, N, P ln lt l im i xng
ca O qua cc ng thng BC, CA, AB; H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC v L l trng tm tam
gic MNP. Chng minh rng OA OB OC OH v ba im O, H, L thng hng.
2. Cho t gic li ABCD. Gi s tn ti mt im M nm bn trong t gic sao cho

MAB MBC MCD MDA . Chng minh ng thc sau:

AB 2 BC 2 CD 2 DA2
,
2 AC.BD.sin
trong l s o gc gia hai ng thng AC v BD.
3. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta vung gc Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ngoi tip ng trn
tm I . Cc ng thng AI, BI, CI ln lt ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ti cc im
cot

7 5 13 5
M 1; 5 , N ; , P ; (M, N, P khng trng vi cc nh ca tam gic ABC). Tm
2 2 2 2

ta cc nh A, B, C bit rng ng thng AB i qua im Q 1; 1 v im A c honh

dng.
Ht
Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
H v tn th sinh:.......; S bo danh.

S GD&T VNH PHC

K THI CHN HSG LP 10 THPT KHNG CHUYN

NM HC 2011-2012
HNG DN CHM MN: TON

I. LU CHUNG:
- Hng dn chm ch trnh by mt cch gii vi nhng c bn phi c. Khi chm bi hc sinh
lm theo cch khc nu ng v th vn cho im ti a.
- im ton bi tnh n 0,25 v khng lm trn.
- Vi bi hnh hc nu th sinh khng v hnh phn no th khng cho im tng ng vi phn .
II. P N:
Cu
Ni dung trnh by
im
1
1 2,0 im
2

1 3
1 3

Ta c x 2 x 1 x , x 2 x 1 x nn phng trnh xc nh
2 4
2 4

vi mi x . Phng trnh cho tng ng vi

x2 x 1 x2 x 1 2

x 1 x2 x 1 4

2 x2 2 2 x4 x2 1 4 x4 x2 1 1 x2
2

1 x 1
1 x 0
4
2 4
2
2
4
2
2
x x 1 1 2x x

x x 1 1 x
1 x 1

x 0 . Vy pt c nghim duy nht x 0.

x 0
2,0 im
Phng trnh cho c hai nghim x1 , x2 tha mn x1 x2 4

0,5
0,5

0,5

m 2
m m2 4 0
' 0
2 m 0

2 m 0
2 m 3
x1 x2 4

2 m 1 4
m 3

0,5

0,5

Theo nh l Viet ta c x1 x2 2 m 1 , x1 x2 m3 m 1 suy ra

2

P x1 x2 8x1 x2 8 m 1 8m3 8 m 1 16m2 40m

3

0,5

Bng bin thin

m

-2

16

0,5
P
-144

-24

T bng bin thin ta c: Pmax 16 khi m 2 , Pmin 144 khi m 2 .

1,5 im
2
2
2
3
2

x x y xy xy y 1
( x y ) xy ( x y ) xy 1
2
Ta c 4
2
2
x

xy
(2
x

1)

1
x

y
xy 1

a x 2 y
t
. H tr thnh:
b

xy

a ab b 1
(*)
2
a

0,5

0,25

0,25

 a 3 a 2 2a 0
a(a 2 a 2) 0

H (*)

2
2
b

b 1 a

0,25

T tm ra (a; b) (0; 1); (1; 0); (2; 3)

x2 y 0
* Vi (a; b) (0; 1) ta c h
x y 1.
xy

0,25

x2 y 1
* Vi (a; b) (1; 0) ta c h
( x; y ) (0; 1);(1;0);(1;0) .
xy 0

0,25

* Vi (a; b) (2; 3) ta c h

3
3

x 2 y 2
y
y

x 1; y 3 .
x
x

xy

3
3
2

x 2x 3 0
( x 1)( x x 3) 0

0,25

Kt lun: H c 5 nghim ( x; y) (1; 1);(0; 1);(1; 0);(1; 0);(1; 3) .

1,5 im

t t x 1 x 2 th d thy t 0 v x
T gi thit ta c y 1 y 2
T (1) v (2) suy ra x y
Do x y

t 2 1
(1)
2t

0,25

20122 t 2
2012
. T y cng suy ra y
(2)
2.2012.t
t

t 2 1 20122 t 2
2011 2012

2t
2.2012.t
2.2012
t

2011
2011
Vy gi tr nh nht ca P bng
, khi x y
.
2012
2 2012
4

0,25

2011
2012
2011
2011
.
.2 t.

.2 2012
2.2012
t
2.2012
2012

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi t 2012 . T (1) v (2) suy ra x y

0,25

0,5

2011
2 2012
0,25

1,0 im
A

N
H

0,5
C

K
M
D

K ng knh AD, khi t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh nn trung im K ca

BC cng l trung im ca HD, trong tam gic AHD c OK l ng trung bnh nn
2OK AH OB OC OH OA OA OB OC OH
Ta c OB OC 2OK OM v cc ng thc tng t ta c:

OM ON OP 2 OA OB OC 2OH
2

0,5

3OL 2OH suy ra O, H, L thng hng.

1,0 im
AB 2 MA2 MB 2
1
AC.BD.sin ; cot
4S MAB
2

Trc ht ta c cc kt qu sau: S ABCD

0,5

Tng t ta c:
AB 2 MA2 MB 2 BC 2 MB 2 MC 2 CD 2 MC 2 MD 2
cot

4SMAB
4SMBC
4SMCD

DA2 MD 2 MA2
AB 2 BC 2 CD 2 DA2

4S MDA
4 S MAB S MBC S MCD S MDA

0,5

AB 2 BC 2 CD 2 DA2 AB 2 BC 2 CD 2 DA2

4S ABCD
2 AC.BD.sin
1,0 im

A
N

P
K
I

0,25

ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l ng trn i qua 3 im M, N, P nn ta lp

c phng trnh ny l: x2 y 2 3x 29 0 suy ra tm K ca ng trn ngoi
3
tip tam gic ABC c ta l K ; 0 .
2
5
Do AB KP nn AB c vtpt nAB KP 2; 1 . Suy ra phng trnh
2
AB : 2 x 1 1 y 1 0 2 x y 3 0 . Do ta A, B l nghim ca h

2 x y 3 0
y 2x 3
x 1, y 5

phng trnh 2

x 4, y 5
2
2

x y 3x 29 0
x 3x 4 0
5
Suy ra A 1;5 , B 4; 5 . Do AC KN nn AC c vtpt l nAC KN 2;1
2
Suy ra pt AC : 2 x 1 y 5 0 2 x y 7 0 . Khi ta A, C l nghim
ca h phng trnh:
2 x y 7 0
y 2 x 7
x 1, y 5
2

. T y suy ra C 4; 1 .
2
2
x 4, y 1
x y 3x 29 0
x 5x 4 0
Vy A 1;5 , B 4; 5 , C 4; 1 .

0,25

0,5