Thiét ké thir nghiém anten vi dai Design and Measurement of Microstrip Antenna VO BINH THANH, NGUYEN THANH TAM, TRAN MINH TU ABSTRACT: In the developing trend of the Integrated circuits and wireless {telecommunication technologies, the use of ‘microwave antennas which have small size, stable stucture and high frequency-selection characteristic is greater and greater importance. One of the recently studied antennas of these Kinds is the microstrip antenna. This paper presents some results of fundamental studies on this antenna, including the theoretical calculations (based on the methods of transmission line and of ‘microwave cavity), the software modelisations and simulations of antenna characteristics, and some ‘measurement results on real models compared to their respective theoretical parameters. 1 ior THIEU ‘Trong nhiing nam gn day, ky thuét th6ng tin va truyén sig 68 ob nig but chuyén bdr mann mé vé kj thuat, tiv c&c khéi mach 66 lién két hitu tuyén ola nhing thap nién 80, nay dn en te thanh cdc he théng théng tin truyén <6 lgu v8 tuyén kBt hyp véi ca phuona pap xi Wy 86 tn iu, cho phép ey thdng tin xa hon, trén nén nhiéu manh hon, céng suat phétthép hn va itn thong nrg hen Wottreng de yéu 6 cdi thign chat lugng théng tin nay la hé thdng anten thy phat kich huge nhé vai tn Ong, ma trong d6, phan ti co ban ang duge trién khai nghién cou la anten vi dai (microstrip antenna). ‘Diém manh cla anten vi dai so vai c&c loa anten thong thing kh la cc trae én din, va nhat la phi hop vos céng nghé vi dai hién dang dugc st — “ clung r6ng ri 8 ché tao machin va cdc IC chuyén clung, Khéng ning thé, anten vi dBi cdn rét phi hop v6i edu tric mang anten (antenna array), cho phép tang 45 oi, 69 dinh hudng v8 han na thé ét hop voce gi thuat xi ly 86 tn higu 68 tao thanh cdc anten théng minh trong hé théng COMA, Bai viét c6 i dung git han trong vigc Khao sat ce dic tinh cia mét anten v dBi don, 6 ou te ‘rb nén mst tém dign moi cd he s6 én mal thsp, Cae dc tinh ly thuyét co s8 ca anten vi di duce ‘finn bay & phan il, cdc gi thudt va két qua mo pphdng dc tinh va phan bs trating bute xa cho anten phan ewe théng hod phan eve ron dug gi thu & phd Ilva cusi cing, 8 phén V, mét 36 thi céng aim ching dc tinh trén cc mau anten thy t& ug do dac va so s&h voi kSt qua m6 Phang I thuyét. IL DAC TINH CUA ANTEN VI DAI 4- Cau tric anten vi dé Anten vi di éuge tinh bay rong hin 1-2, bao 96m mat bn mat (path kim logirdtméng (bday Hinh 1- C8 tric anten vi di va qui ube v8 hé truc toa oS{kip weg [& Buse séing trong khng ian tudo) at cdch mat phéng dat mét Kho’ng rat ho {neg thuéng th 0,008A3ch<0,05%g). Bén mat vi mat phn dt duge tach bit ba mst lp dign mi nén (substrate). Ca tric mat dng ct va hé tye 198 db tinh cho mai ke bic xa éuige vé &hinh 1b vate Hinh dng ota anten vided thé 06 ct nhidu dang, gm cdc los ban mat hin chi nhat, vung, tn, elipse, hinh vanh kn .. Tuy nhign oa phd bin nhdt la anten © bn mat hin chie hat va hinh vuéng do dB phan tch va ché tao. Bay cing chinh a loa anten duackhosattrong phgm vi ba vist nay. Truong bute xa ctia anten vi dail Cé nhiéu phuong phap khée nau 6 thé sir dung dé tinh toan trang bite xq cla anton vi dBi 'nhu phufong phap phén tu hau han, phuang phép moment, phueng phap m® hinh héa dutng truyén... Mo hinh duéng truyén va he efng huging thich hep cho céc dang anten ban mat vuéng va chit hat, 58 duge sit dung cho cae khio sat dug day, Dya trén mé hinh nay, truéng bc xa cia anten vi dai duge bidu didn boi cc cing thie, wong tng vi cde trudng hgp eau! B6ivéianten phan cue thdng, ban mat chirnhat Vector cuéng 60 tring duce cho bi céng thie: EE +E, 18, gE sino 5; fEO™| wots) (k (ono) kh Veix ="S" sind cose kat 22" cose 2 I véianten phan cue trén, bin mat hinh wueng ‘Aten phn cu tron vei bn mat hin vung 0 cai go tong ty anten phi eve thing véi ban mat hin chit nt nhung ob kich thube ai eanh ela ban mat bing nhau va duge cap tn higu ti hal hung vo hai anh wuéng 96 aia ban mat (rink a. E646, 66, E, (004) =E 7 Ma (2cos(ke sin€ cos ))+ 8 42,,(2c08(ka sind sind = — F(8.6) Hinh 2- HB toa d0 sit dung trong ee cOng thie tinh tnténg bute x9 cho anten phén ove théng | Hinh 3~ #8 toa 06 sir dung trong ede e&ng thie tinh intong bie x@ anten phan cue tran[ays(2costka sind cos9))+ E,(609)-E,0 +8, (2o0s(ka sind sing) 08) vei owe, ina 2 sensosing( SO 282) jeosocosy(*% (282) 3. Ce dc tinh cua anten vi dal Anten vi di c6 cdc uu diém sau = ©6 KhGi Iuong vA kich thuée nh8, bé day méng, dB sin xuat = 06 th cho phn cus tyéh tinh va phén eve ten, = Cong nghé ché tao hoan todn phil hap wéi cde mach tich hop cao tén - Bung truyén cung efp va ghép néi meng anten ¢6 thé dug thuc hign déng tha vd vige che tao anten Tuy nhién, bn canh cae uu idm, anten vidi cling c6 mot 86 khuyét cig = Bang thong hep, mot s6 anten vi di o6 li thd. = Suy hao dién 6 16n tren edu tie eung ofp iia mang anien, -Cécécbitcxa thi isdung truyén va céeméi 6h. = Hiu suét nang luong o6 thé str dung uve thd Ill GIGI THIEU CHUONG TRINH THIET KE VA MO PHONG: Trén co 38 nhiing khdo sat ly thuyét, mét giai thuat phén mém da duge xay dung nham gidi ‘quyét hai bai toén thiétké va m6 phéng anten vi dai ‘cho hai dang bain mat hinh chirnhat (cho phan cye thing) va ban mat hinh vuéng (cho phn eu tron). Bai todn thiétké la quy trint tinh ton c& théng $6 vé kich thuée bin mat, vat ligu cua anten, hé 86 ign m6i cua lop 68, tir c&c yéu c&u vé dae tinh 4 xée dinh truée. Bai toén mé phéng la quy trinh IAgUsC ai, tired s6ligu cho truéec v8 kich thud, vé vat iéu cud anten, tinh todn cA théng £6 da tinh cud anten nhurcdc thong s6 v8 tSkhang, d8 cl, 46 inh huéng, tén 6 cng hung... va vé dé thi be xa 2D, 3D. Chung trinh viét bang ngdn noir Matiab gém hai phén ding cho anten phan cue thang (ban mat chir nhat) va anten phan cue tron (ban mat vuéng), Luv 66 gid thudt chuong trinh thist ké Nip ede thong 66 dae tinh yeu eu z “Tir phuong winh séng, tah ich the LW hig z Tinh 1, W the “Tinh b8 rong duging wuyén Tinh trd khang vao anten (gi diém can) Rinxelinesk ERE ‘Tinh khodng cach wean ‘a dig nus ae Goi chong fin mo phéagLun a gid thuat chuang trinh m6 phéng [hop sS Ga v8 ch thse bin mat. vt gw q ‘Tinh Ming clon moi new done { Tinh ena di igo T Tinh a cing dng T “Tinh din tang T Tinh w@ Khang anton din cong lp SS Say wd Khang cia ding ruven cme cp i bin mt “Tinh uring be x9 cia anten ve ab Bae Luu 66 gi thuat cua chung tinh tht ki hing dude miéu t& khai quat & gién a8 tn: Mét 36 két qua mé phéng: + M6 phdng 1: Anten vi dai o6 kich thuée 2,axTem trén nén dién méi day 0,13em va he $6 ign moi = 4,6, phan eve thing, Kt qua © thi truing BG xa ((Hinh 4) * Mo phEng 2: Anten phan cut tron (ban mat ‘vuong) kich hue 2,5x2,S¢m,trén mach in ¢6 lbp Gién mbi day 0,13em, hing 86 éién méi 4.6. ét qua: 96 thi truing bie xa (Hinh 5), Kt qua mo phéng v huling tn, bop séng eta anten phén eve thang va anten phn eyo tron cho thay higu qua eile phuong phép feeding anten theo hai huting vubng gc v6i hal tn higu vuéng pha tao ra phan eye tr8n ly tung, bup séng cla anten phan exe tran c6 tinh chon loc cao han trueng hep anten phan eye théng. Bac tinh phan eye trdn cho phép anten thu va anten phat gil qua trinh lian lac «dd ching khong nm trén cing mat phang phan ove. IV. THI CONG VA KHAO SAT THYC NGHIEM ya trén chuong trinh thiétké anten vi dai bing ngén ngi! Matlab, cde thi cBing thirnghigm anten vi di cho hai loai phan oye tuyén tinh va phan oye tron duge thy hig. Mot s6 dang anten &8 thi cdng duge cho & inh 6a va 6b: * Mo hinh do thirnghiém thy t6 : Mu anten vi i dude do dac théng 86 véi cSu tric mach do nhur hinh 7. BO VCO duoc diéu chin tén sé phi hop véitén ‘86 cong hung cla mu anten, 86 Circulator cho phép do séng t6i ma anten thu duge va tit tiéu ‘s6ng phan xa. Bién 48 tin hiau thu (sau tach séng tinh thé) cho phép suy ra dé igi mu anten néu ‘cong suat phat tu’ VCO auge xée inh true [4] \V- SO SANH KET QUA MO PHONG VA D0 BAC THYC NGHIEM Gd ket qu md phng va do the nghiém ten mt s6 mau anten vi dai duce rin bay trén cling ‘mt d6 thi dé s0 sinh dactinh. Cdckét qua cho hai mau : Mu anten phan ovo thdng va mBu anten phan oye tr Miu 1: Anten phan eve thing (mau hinh 6a) £86 th mst png E (voy) va a th mat phing H (02) cua trang bie xa (ly thuyét va the nghige) 96 cho & hinh 9. Nha xét: - Két qua thuc nghigm tong 46 phi hop v6i ket qué mé phéng. Céc sai s6 xdy rao thé tt nhidu rnguyén nhan khae nau: + Sai s6 gia md phéng va thye nghiém vé kich thud ban mat. vé hé s6 dign mdi cua vat eu,DS miE- Plane Bobbi HePtne 49 133-82 Sho th bee xa 3 hidu Hinh 4 - 88 tinh bite x9 cia anten phan cye théng (E-plane :xoy ;H.plane :x02) Dba paca Seni Hinh § -88¢ tinh bute x9 cia anten phan cue trén + Sai $6 thi6t bi: V6ih§ thdng do kiém & hinh 7, 0 chinh xac cua phép do phu thude rét nhiu vao {00 suy hao cua Circulator, v8o 46 tuyén tinh cud bd khuéch dai MMIC va b6 tich sng tinh thé. Tuy nin, ca $6 liu da trinh bay v6 a thi phn ove & hinh 9 chila cae dai lugng tuong a6i so v6i phuong oc dai, nh vay, cac sai $6 trén c6 thé uge khir 18n nha - Phép do khéng thé cho phép xae dinh 46 lt thye t8 cud anten mgt cch chinh xée, vi yu edu nay phy thuge rt nhibu vo dé chinh xe cu mBi phan titrong mach do. Gée $6 lieu v8 66 Iai use tu nhgn tee m6 phng iy thuyéHinh 6b. Méu ban mat vubng phéi hgp vai mach Hinh 62, Mau ban mat hinh chi7 nat d3 thi cong at ghép hybrid 90° tao phan cyt tron in mat amen Bin mat ten Bo Khas dt L oot 4) A ORDO Votes ey) Tich vine sinh a noi au asi Pre Taga 300 Hinh 7 - MB hind do thi nghigen tim 6 Iof anten L=2.3em 9sGHe Wate he0.13em os Dé thi tex 3chigu Hinh 8 = K6t qué m6 phéng a6 thi trating bute xa -Két qua’ m6 phéng i thuyét cho thay Khong 06 bc xa truéng dién tir 8 phan phia duéi mat phing i, nhumg phép do thule nghiém Iai cho thay ©& mét phan tring bite xa tt anten tén tai & phia dv igu nay do kichthuée hit han ela mat phang dt cla anten va suhign dign eta céc tia phn xa s6ng tir méi truéng chung quanh trong phép de thyc aghigm. (Mu 2: Anton phan cure tron (hinh 6b) Tén s6 cong hung: 3 (GH2) Sl: 1.5 (68) Xem két qua hinh 10,A th Plane DA Ahi He Plane Hin 9: Két qué thye nghigm va ly thuyét trubng bite xa dang 2D han xet: Theo 46 th tran ta nhan thay ring phan eve séng ¢6 dang gan ‘hu phan cule tn, tuy nian fo thu 18 cia cdc anten phan cue tron rt thdp (tha hon nhidu so véi anten phan eve thing). Bigu nay do sy hign din ma tran ghép hybrid 90° gay suy hao va mat phéi hop tr khéng nhigu dogn. Han nifa, trong thye té thi céng kiém rnghigm do logi mach in dung la loal mach in thuéng (khéng phai la mach in sidu cao tén) nén tén hao lon & tén $6 ce20, di6u nay anh hung nhiéu één ma tran hybrid va do d6 1am anh hung dén 48 19\ chung cla anten vie KET LUAN Ging vei sy phat trién trong nghién ctu m6 phéng vé anten vi di, ning ky thuat ch tgoti6n tin 48 duge Sp dung Bi quyét duoc nhi6u han ché cia loal anten nay, mé ra nhigu cmg dung mdi trong dai tan s6 vi ba. 6 cac tn 88 cao, kieh thudc anten tr nén nhé cho phép tao ra cae mang .gém hang tram phan tir trén mét dign tich khdng ln Im, gidp tng 06 loi cia h@ théng len gp nhigu ldn, dm bao vigelién lac xa hon, Han nia, kj thuat tao phan oye tron kéthgp vei cde gi thuat iffy 86 tin higu cho phép anten vi dai thu phat Hinh 10 : 86 thi phan ove trong truéng hop dung truyén khéng tryctuyén va 6 nhiéu feding, Ning két qué ly thuyét cong nh ode 36 igu da thu thap ¢6 thé duce sit dung 48 tién khai mt sé hung nghién itu phat tién s4u hon vé anten vi ‘i, Chang han, cc nghién city v8 phucng phap ‘86 phn tich ou tric mach siGu cao tén (phuong php moment, phucng php tich phan hitu han.) ‘cho phép nghién citucéc dang anten vidal khéc da sang han,