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Extratesticular Lump or swelling

Hydrocele

Epididymitis, Orchitis or Epididymo-orchitis

Epididymal Cysts

Varicocele in the Pampiniform plexus

Cryptorchidism or Maldescent

Scrotal "Pearl"

Microlithiasis (intratesticular)

Scrotal swelling with pain - 4 main causes:

Torsion (20%)

Infection/inflammation (75-80%)

Haemorrhage

Strangulated Hernia

Torsion results in acute testicular infarction and eventually an atrophic

testicle and constitutes a medical emergency. Quite often these patients
will bypass the imaging department and go straight to theatre.
NOTE:

epididymitis:torsion = 3:2 <20years

epididymitis:torsion = 9:1 >20years

Intratesticular Lumps

Germ Cell Tumours

Seminoma

Nonseminoma