NNG CAO CHT LNG TUYN THNG TIN QUANG KHNG DY

TRONG IU KIN KH HU VIT NAM

ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF FREE SPACE OPTIC (FSO) LINK IN CONDITION
OF VIET NAMS CLIMATE

TM TT
Bi bo xy dng m hnh tnh ton tuyn thng tin quang khng dy (FSO) trong
cp n cc tham s ch yu nh hng n cht lng ng truyn gm cng sut pht ca
Laser, bc sng lm vic, tc d liu, cc loi nhiu tri v cc loi tn x chnh tc dng trn
ng truyn trong iu kin kh hu Vit Nam. Tip n, lp lu thut ton tnh ton cc
tham s ch yu nu trn nhm t c t l li bt (BER) cc tiu, nng cao cht lng tn
hiu. Sau , ng dng vo vic tnh ton tuyn FSO tiu biu vi iu kin thi tit thc t ti
thnh ph Nng; da vo lu thut ton vit chng trnh tnh ton bng ngn ng MatLab
nhn c gi tr cc tham s ch yu ca tuyn sao cho tn hiu s ti my thu t t l li bt
(BER) thp nht tng ng vi cc gi tr tc d liu khc nhau. Tip theo, tin hnh tnh ton
m phng tuyn bng phn mm chuyn dng v so snh vi kt qu tnh ton bng Matlab
kt lun tin cy ca lu thut ton v cc kt qu tnh ton nhm nng cao cht lng tn
hiu truyn dn.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we build the calculation model of a Free Space Optic (FSO) link in which the
main parameters affecting on the transmission quality referred including laser output power,
wavelength, bit rate, dominant noises and scatterings in climate conditions in Vietnam. Next, we
build algorithm chart for calculating parameters mentioned above to achieve minimum of the bit
error rate (BER) for enhancing signal quality. We then apply algorithm chart to calculate a typical
FSO in real weather in Da Nang city. Algorithm-based calculating programs are written in MatLab to
get the value of essential parameters at receiver with minimum of BER corresponding to different
bite rates. Next, we simulate this link with professional application software to achieve the results
and compare them with the results calculated by Matlab to show the reliability of the algorithm chart
and the results calculated in order to enhance transferred signal in this link.

1. M hnh tuyn v t s tn hiu trn nhiu eSNR ti my thu

Tn hiu
vo
knh 1

nh hng ca mi trng:
hp thu v tn x

My
pht
quang 1

W
D
M
Tn hiu
vo
knh N

My
pht
quang N

W
D
M
B phn
tp trung
nh sng
pht

B phn
tp trung
nh sng
thu

eSNR1
My thu
quang 1

Tn
hiu ra
knh 1

eSNRN
My thu
quang N

Tn
hiu ra
knh N

Hnh 1: M hnh tuyn thng tin quang khng dy N knh

Hnh 1 m t m hnh tuyn thng tin quang khng dy N knh vi nh hng ca hin
tng hp th v tn x t mi trng c xy dng tnh ton. S biu din tn hiu
c truyn dn 1 chiu, chiu ngc li hon ton tng t.

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2. Cc biu thc lin quan n vic tnh ton, ti u tuyn thng tin quang khng dy
trong iu kin kh hu Vit Nam
Nhng nm gn y, c nhiu nghin cu s dng l thuyt truyn bc x in t
m hnh ho knh tuyn thng tin quang khng dy[1],[2]. Tuy nhin, phng php ny
kh phc tp ch tht s ph hp vi hin tng a tn x Mie kt hp trong thi tit sng
m cc nc Anh, M, Php, c, Nht... Vit Nam rt t khi xy ra sng m, iu
kin thi tit bt li cho FSO ln nht l ma. V vy, n gin qu trnh tnh ton tuyn
m vn bo m sai s nm trong phm vi cho php, bi bo tp trung vo cc m hnh bn
thc nghim, xy dng lu thut ton tnh ton v ti u cc thng s ca tuyn FSO
trong iu kin kh hu Vit Nam.
+ Vic truyn ca nh sng trong mi trng khng kh c m t bng nh lut Beer
P ( , L )
( , L )
exp[ ( ) L)]
Lamber[3] nh biu thc:
(1)
P ( ,0)
Trong : l bc sng lm vic; ( ) l hm truyn theo ; P ( ,0) l cng sut ca
my pht, P ( , L) l cng sut cch my pht mt khong L; () l h s suy hao tng
cng trn 1 n v chiu di. () bao gm cc thnh phn suy hao do tn x v hp th.
Trong iu kin Vit Nam l tng ca cc thnh phn sau: () = ma + ()
(2)
Vi ma l suy hao do ma c tnh theo quan h Carbonneau[3],[4]:
ma = 1,076*R0,67 (dB/km)
(3)
R l lng ma trung bnh (mm/h) ti khu vc lp t tuyn FSO.
+ Suy hao do tn x c xc nh theo quan h Kruse[3] nh sau:
3,912 nm
( )

V 550

(4)

Trong V l tm nhn, l khong cch m ti cng ca quang gim i 5% so vi

cng quang ti ni pht. Cc cng trnh nghin cu v thc nghim cho thy gi tr h
s q c cho theo phn b kch thc ht v c tnh theo biu thc[3]:
1,6
nu V>50 km
1,3
nu 6 km<V<50 km
(5)
q = 0,16V+0,34 nu 1 km<V<6 km
V-0,5
nu 0,5 km<V<1 km
0
nu V<0,5 km
+ Tn hao cng sut PLoss trn tuyn FSO c di L c xc nh t (3) v (4):
PLoss = ma L +10lg(() L)
(6)
+ Suy ra cng sut u vo my thu (Pr) c tnh nh sau:
Pr = Pt PLoss
(7)
+ T s tn hiu trn nhiu in (eSNR) trong trng hp s dng my thu tch sng trc
tip dng photodiode PIN c trnh by theo biu thc[5]:
R P2 Pr2
eSNR
4 KT
{2qR p Pr 2q ( I DB I DS )
}Be
RL
(8)
Rp [A/W] l h s chuyn i quang in; IDB, IDS [A], Be [Hz]: ln lt l dng ti khi,
dng ti b mt v rng bng tn in ca my thu; T [0K] l nhit tuyt i.
+ Mi quan h gia BER v eSNR c biu din nh sau[5]:

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BER =

1
erfc( 1/2 SNR / 2 )
2

(9)

3. Xy dng lu thut ton tnh ton ti u cc thng s t BER nh nht

Start

Hnh 2 m t lu thut ton tnh ton ti

u cc thng s t BER nh nht. C
th l xc nh cc t hp cc gi tr cng
sut pht ca laser v tc bt (Pt,Rb)
tng ng vi cc bc sng khc nhau
sao cho tn hiu thu c c BER nh nht.
Kt qu c th hin trn cc th trong
hnh 3, 4, 5 v 6. Thut ton thc hin chy
3 vng lp tnh tt c cc t hp ca
cng sut, tc bt v bc sng. Cc
bc tnh ton c m t da vo cc biu
thc trong mc 2 v thng qua thut ton
nh sau:
+ Cho tuyn FSO cn thit k vi di
tuyn l L cho trc. Da vo iu kin kh
hu ca khu vc c tuyn FSO hot ng ta
bit c lng ma trung bnh R v tnh
c ma theo biu thc (3). Tip n,
tnh tn hao trung bnh do tn x theo bc
sng () da vo biu thc (4), trong
tm nhn V v h s q c tnh theo biu
thc (5). T xc nh c cng sut
suy hao tng trn tuyn PLoss theo biu thc
(6).
+ Vi 1 gi tr cng sut pht Pt nht nh,
chn trong di [Ptmin-Ptmax] da vo (7) ta
tnh c cng sut quang ti u vo my
thu Pr.
+ Chn my thu vi cc thng s k thut
cho trc: in tr ti RL, h s chuyn i
quang in RP; dng ti IDB, IDS ; bng thng
in Be; Be=0,75Rb; (tha mn nh l
Nyquist); nhit mi trng T. Da vo
biu thc (8) ta tnh c t s cng sut tn
hiu trn cng sut nhiu in (eSNR).
+ T quan h gia BER v eSNR theo biu
thc (9) ta xc nh c BER v lu li
gi tr BER tnh c ny.
+ Thc hin cc bc tng t cho 3 vng
lp nh trong hnh 2, ln lt thay i tc
bt Rb, bc sng v cng sut pht
ca Laser Pt.

Nhp di tuyn L, lng ma, cng

sut pht Pt, BER ban u
Tnh tm nhn V v h s q
Vng lp qut cc tc Rb
Vng lp qut cc bc sng
Tnh suy hao tng v cs my thu

Vng lp qut cc csut pht Pt

Tnh eSNR
Tnh BER
BER < BERmin(Rb, )

Ghi li thng s BERmin

Qut ht gi tr Pt?

Qut ht gi tr ?

Qut ht gi tr Rb?

End

Hnh 2 Lu thut ton ti u cc thng s

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+ Kt qu l ta s v c cc th biu din mi quan h gia BER theo cng sut pht

ca Laser ng vi cc tc bt v bc sng khc nhau. T , vi tc bt cho trc,
ta s xc nh c bc sng no th t c BER nh nht v tng ng vi tng gi tr
ca cng sut pht ta s xc nh c gi tr BER my thu.
4. Tnh ton ti u tuyn FSO tiu biu
Thit k tuyn FSO ti Nng c cc thng s sau y:
+ Khong cch tiu biu 1km. Tuyn gm 16 knh theo cng ngh ghp knh theo bc
sng WDM. Lng ma trung bnh 100mm/h. Cng sut pht:(10dBm 20dBm) (Laser
c kt hp khuch i quang). Tc bt mi knh c chn cc gi tr tiu biu ln lt
l: 100Mb/s, 155Mb/s, 625Mb/s, 1Gb/s, 1,5Gb/s. Bc sng trung tm ca 16 knh l
850nm v 1550nm. Khong cch gia cc knh: 1 nm, ln c th b qua nh hng
xuyn nhiu gia cc knh. Nh vy dung lng tn hiu truyn dn ln nht trong bi bo
bng 16x1,5Gb/s = 24Gb/s Do suy hao ti hai bc sng 850nm, 1550 nm thp [3] ng
thi thit b hot ng cc bc sng ny c sn trn th trng v rt ph bin (trong
vng ca s th 1 v th 3 ca thng tin si quang) nn bi bo s kho st BER theo cng
sut pht, tc bit ng vi hai bc sng trung tm ny
5. Kt qu tnh ton v tho lun

Hnh 4
Hnh 3
th quan h gia cng sut pht v BER ti bc sng 850 nm (hnh 3), ti
bc sng 1550 nm (hnh 4) tng ng vi lng ma 100mm/h.

Hnh 6

Hnh 5

th quan h gia cng sut thu v BER ti bc sng 850 nm (hnh 5), ti bc
sng 1550 nm (hnh 6) tng ng vi lng ma 100mm/h. Cc biu mt ti cc
im tiu biu trn hnh l kt qu tnh ton t phn mm Optiwave.

-4-

Mi quan h gia BER v cng sut pht ti bc sng 850 nm v ti bc sng

1550 nm tng ng vi lng ma 100mm/h c biu din nh trn hnh 3 v hnh 4.
Tng t nh vy, mi quan h gia BER v cng sut thu tng ng c biu din trong
hnh 5 v hnh 6. Qua , chng ta c cc kt lun nh sau:
+ Khi cng sut pht ca Laser Pt cng tng th BER cng gim. iu ny c gii thch
l lc cng sut n u vo my thu Pr cng tng. Da vo biu thc (8) ta thy eSNR
c dng phn s m t s t l vi Pr2, mu ch t l vi Pr nn khi Pr cng tng th eSNR
cng tng lm BER cng gim, cht lng tn hiu thu c cng tt.
+ Vi cng mt cng sut pht ca Laser khi tc bt d liu mi knh tng ln t
100Mb/s, 155Mb/s, 625Mb/s, 1Gb/s n 1,5Gb/s th BER cng tng dn theo. iu ny l
do khi tc bt tng ln th bng thng my thu cng tng ln (Be=0,75Rb), lm cng sut
nhiu tng dn n eSNR gim nh trong biu thc (8), do BER tng ln.
+ Vi vng bc sng lm vic 1550 nm cc ng th BER lun thp hn so vi cc
ng th tng ng vi vng bc sng lm vic 850 nm. iu ny c gii thch l
vi di tuyn c thit k 1 km nh trn, da vo cc biu thc (4) v (5) ta thy bc
sng t l nghch vi tn hao do tn x () dn n tng suy hao trn tuyn gim i, nn
vi cng cng sut Laser pht, vng bc sng 1550 nm cng sut tn hiu quang u
vo my thu Pr s ln hn so vi trng hp vng bc sng 850 nm, lm tng eSNR v
gim BER. iu ny ph hp vi l thuyt v suy hao trong vng hng ngoi do ma tm
nhn khong 1Km.
6. So snh kt qu tnh ton v kt qu m phng bng phn mm chuyn dng

Hnh 7. S tuyn FSO c thit k bng phn mm Optiwave

hot ng vng bc sng 1550nm
Tuyn c thit k v biu din nh trn hnh 7, hot ng vng bc sng
1550 nm vi cc thng s ging vi tuyn thit k tnh ton bng ngn ng Matlab trn.
Ti vng bc sng 1550nm ny, cc bc sng ca cc knh ln lt l: 1541, 1542,
1543 .....1555, 1556 nm vi khong cch gia cc knh l 1 nm. S tuyn cng c

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biu din tng t khi hot ng vng bc sng 850 nm vi cng khong cch gia cc
knh l 1 nm. Hnh 8 v hnh 9, biu din ph cng sut ca 16 knh ti u vo v u ra
si quang.
Cc kt qu tnh ton m phng bng phn mm ny c biu din bng cc biu
mt ti cc im tiu biu trn hnh 5, 6. Qua , c th thy cc kt qu tnh ton bng
chng trnh Matlab da vo lu thut ton v t phn mm chuyn dng l kh ging
nhau, sai s nh c th b qua. iu ny cho thy tnh tin cy ca thut ton c xy
dng v kt qu ca vic tnh ton c th c ngh p dng vo vic tnh ton thit k
tuyn trong thc tin.

Hnh 9. Ph cng sut ca 16 knh ti

Hnh 8. Ph cng sut ca 16 knh ti
u ra si quang.
u vo si quang.
7. Kt lun
Da vo m hnh tnh ton v lu d thut ton, vi mt ng truyn FSO c
khong cch cho trc ty (trong phm vi vi km), lng ma trung bnh hng nm, s
knh quang, tc bt d liu tng knh...chng ta c th tnh ton cc tham s ca c bn
ca tuyn bao gm cng sut pht ca Laser, bc sng lm vic, tc d liu sao cho t
s li bt (BER) my thu l nh nht. Kt qu tnh ton c th c dng lm s liu
tham kho cho cc cn b k thut tnh ton thit k tuyn thng tin quang khng dy FSO
nhm nng cao cht lng tn hiu truyn dn trong tuyn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Sermsak Jaruwatadilok, Evaluation and Improvement Optical wireless
Communication in random scattering media, Research Colloquium, Department of
Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Feb 10, 2009.
[2] Sermsak Jaruwatadilok et all., Modeling the Point-to-Point wirelss Communication
Channel under the Adverse Weather Conditions, IECE Trans. Electron, Vol E87-C,
No. 9, September 2004.
[3] Al Naboulsi M., Sizun H., deFornel F., Propagation of Optical and Infrared waves in
atmosphere, www.ursi.org/Proceedings/ProcGA05/pdf/F01P.7(01729).pdf
[4] Theresa H. Carbonneau, David R. Wisely, Opportunities and challenges for optical
wireless: the competitive advantage of free space telecommunications links in today's
crowded marketplace, Proc. SPIE 3232, 119 (1998)
[5] Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
New York, third Edition, 2002.
Li cm n:

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Cc tc gi bi bo chn thnh cm n Thc s Trn Ngc Cng v K s Tn Tht Thanh

Tng thc hin mt s tnh ton c th da vo lu thut ton v m hnh ton
trn.

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