TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).

2008

TI THIU HA S B KHUCH I GHP LAI (HFA) TRONG

TUYN THNG TIN SI QUANG WDM
MINIMIZING THE number of hYBRID fiber amplifiers IN WDM FIBER OPTIC

TM TT
Bi bo xy dng m hnh tnh ton
tuyn thng tin si quang WDM s dng cc
khuch i ghp lai HFA (Hybrid Fiber
Amplifier); kho st cng sut tn hiu, cng
sut cc loi nhiu tri v xy dng t s tn
hiu trn nhiu (OSNR) ti cui tuyn. T s
ny ph thuc vo s b khuch i HFA, s
th t knh trong WDM, cc thng s trong
mi HFA nh khuch i ca cc EDFA,
Raman, chiu di cc phn on gia cc
EDFA trong HFA... Sau , lp lu thut
ton, vit chng trnh tnh ton bng ngn
ng Matlab ti thiu ha s b HFA sao
cho OSNR tha mn gi tr yu cu cho
trc. Trn c s , xy dng cc th
th hin kt qu tnh ton gim c s b
khuch i HFA, tng c khong cch ca
mi b HFA cho cc trng hp tuyn c
chiu di cho trc (L=1000km, L=1500km,
L=2000km...). iu ny cho php gim gi
thnh tuyn, gim chi ph vn hnh khai thc,
bo tr bo dng m vn m bo c
cht lng tn hiu truyn dn.
T kha: OSNR, HFA, EDFA, Raman, thut
ton, Matcad.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we build the calculating
model of WDM Fiber Optic Communication
Link using many HFAs; investigate signal
power and dominant noises powers affecting
at the end of link; then determine OSNR at
this position. This OSNR depends on the
number of HFAs, the channel order in WDM
and parameters of each HFAs such as Gain
of EDFA, Raman, length of spans between
two EDFAs in each HFA...After that, we build
algorithm
chart,
write
Matlab-based

calculating program for minimize the number

of HFAs as long as OSNR requires a given
value. Basing on this, we build graphs
showing decreasing the number of HFAs,
increasing span of each HFA corresponding
to given distances (L=1000km, L=1500km,
L=2000km...). It leads to reduce system,
operation, exploit and maintenance costs but
quality of signal transferred through Fiber
Optic Communication link still satisfies the
given requirement.
Key words: OSNR, HFA, EDFA, Raman,
algorithm, Matcad.

1. t vn :
Trong nhng nm gn y, ngy
cng c nhiu tuyn truyn dn ng
trc ghp knh theo bc sng (WDM)
s dng cc b khuch i ghp lai HFA
c lp t, vn hnh v khai thc mt
cch hiu qu. Vic kt hp u im v
khuch i ln ca EDFA v bng
thng rng Raman trong b HFA cho
php tuyn truyn dn ngy cng p ng
c nhu cu thng tin lin lc gia tng
nhanh chng vi nhiu loi hnh dch v
bng rng khc nhau. Khi khong cch
truyn dn cng di th cn s dng cng
nhiu b khuch i HFA, lc cng
sut tn hiu tng ln nhng nhiu cng
tng ln v c tch ly qua cc b
khuch i lm cho t s OSNR gim dn
theo khong cch. Cho nn, n mt
khong
cch
nht
nh
th
OSNR<OSNRyucu, cht lng tn hiu
1

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

khng t c yu cu. Bi ton thc

tin t ra l vi khong cch tuyn
truyn dn cho trc, cn tnh ton s
lng cc b khuch i HFA t nht hay
chiu di truyn dn ca mt HFA di
nht sao cho OSNR ti cui tuyn tha
mn yu cu ra (ngha l OSNR
OSNRyucu).

T s OSNR ca knh th m; tn s m ti
cui tuyn trong h thng WDM:

OSNR( m )

Psig ( m )
Pnoise ( m )

P ( ) P

( ) PDRS ( m )

Si quang

My
pht

PS

L
NZDSF/DCF

EDFA1

GE2

(1)

Psig ( m )

2. M hnh tnh ton v t s tn hiu

ASE m
FWM m
trn nhiu (OSNR) ti cui tuyn
N b HFA
Trong : Psig ( m ) ;
Si quang

L FWM

PASE ( m ) ;

l
( m ) ; PDRS (Lm ) :ln lt
My

EDFA2

NZDSF/DCF
cng

GE2

Bm Raman

NZDSF/DCF

thu

GR Bm

Raman
Hnh 1. M hnh tnh ton tuyn truyn dn s dng N b khuch i HFA.
Hnh 1 biu din m hnh tnh ton tuyn
truyn dn gm N b khuch i HFA.
Trong mi b c 2 EDFA, 1 Raman, 2
phn on c di c gi thit bng
nhau (=L). Gi M l tng s phn on
trn tuyn, th mi lin h gia M v N
c biu din nh sau: N=(M-1)/2. V
tuyn hot ng ch a knh
(WDM) vi tc bt cao (mi knh c
Rb2,5Gbit/s ) nn mi phn on c
thit k gm 2 on si L1 v L2
(L=L1+L2); trong : 1 on si NZDSF
chiu di L1, tn sc D1, tn hao 1 , v
1 on si b tn sc DCF c chiu di
L2, tn sc D2, tn hao 2 sao cho tn
sc c b hon ton trn tng phn
on theo biu thc: L1D1+L2D2=0. GR,
GE1, GE2 ln lt l khuch i ca
Raman, EDFA1 v EDFA2. PS l cng
sut tn hiu a vo si.
2

tn hiu, cng sut (CS) nhiu pht x t

pht tng; CS nhiu trn bn bc sng
tng; CS nhiu tn x Rayleigh kp tng
ti cui tuyn.
Psig ( m ) PS ( m )e M ( 1 L1 2 L2 )
{GR ( m )GE1 ( m )GE 2 ( m )}

M 1
2

(2)
Trong

thc

cc

tham

s
PS ( m ); G R ( m ); G E1 ( m ); G E 2 ( m ) rt

t thay i theo tn s m nn n gin

ta gi thit chng khng ph thuc vo m
v gi l PS ; G R ; G E1 ; G E 2

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

+ CS nhiu ASE do EDFA gy ra:

2,35.10 25. m
r ( m )
c3

PASE_E ( m ) mt h m n spE (G E 1) B0

(3)
+ CS nhiu ASE do Raman gy ra:

(4)

+ CS nhiu DRS do HFA gy ra:

PDRS _ H ( m ) PDRS ( m )G E1G E 2 e (1L1 2 L2 )

T ( z )
PASE_R ( m ) mt h m n spR G R ( L) P P (9)
dz B0
GR ( z)
0

nhiu DRS do b HFA th i (i N)

+ CS
gy ra ti cui tuyn:
Trong mt , m , nspE , nspR , B0 ln

lt l s mode phn cc, tn s ca tn

hiu, h s pht x t pht ca EDFA,
ca Raman v bng thng ca b lc
quang.

Pi DRS H ( m ) PDRS _ H ( m ) AN ie(1L12L2 ) (10)

+ CS nhiu DRS tng do N b HFA gy

+ CS nhiu ASE do b HFA gy ra:

PASE _ H ( m ) PASE _ R ( m )G E1 e

(1 L1 2 L2 )

GE 2

ra:

PDRS ( m ) P i DRS _ H ( m )

(11)

i 1

PASE _ E1 ( m )e (1L1 2 L2 ) G E 2 PASE _ E 2 ( m ) + CS nhiu trn 4 bc sng (FWM)

tng ti tn s m gy ra ti cui tuyn:
(5)
t

A G R G E1G E 2 e 2 (1L1 2 L2 )

vi

gi

thit k. i ca cc EDFA, Raman

tng ng trong cc HFA l bng nhau.
+ CS nhiu ASE do b HFA th i (iN)
gy ra ti cui tuyn:
(6)
i
N i (1L1 2 L2 )
PASE
e
_ H ( m ) PASE _ H ( m ) A

+ CS nhiu ASE tng ca N b HFA gy

N

i
PASE ( m ) PASE
_ H ( m )

ra:

i 1

(7)
+ CS nhiu tn x Rayleigh kp (DRS)
do Raman gy ra:
L

PDRS ( m ) r ( m ) PRS y G R y , L dy
0

(8)

PFWM (vm )

PRS y r ( m ) PS z G R y , z dx
y

v h s tn x Rayleigh:

k i j m j i

k )

(12)

+ Nhp cc thng s ca tuyn:

- Chiu
P(di
tuyn
L , OSNR
) P yu cu

Trong
i
j
k
ijk : l cng
- Cng sut quang a vo si Ps,
sut nhiu trn bn bc sng. Cc tham
s knh K
s c
nh ngha
nh trong[2].
- Thng
s si quang:
n , , , ,
0

p,

3. Lu D
1, D
thut
, Aeff ,ton
Tfiber...tnh ton ti thiu
2
ha s- b
khuch
HFA g , P
Thng
s cai
b Raman:
R

- Cc thng s khc: c, B0, ,

1,h, k
t s b khuch i HFA ban u N:=1

-Tnh t s OSNR ca tt c cc knh:

OSNR(m) ( m=1..K)
-Xc nh knh c OSNR nh nht:
n(1...K)
Tng N

Trong CS nhiu tn x Rayleigh n:

BtuP(

OSNRn < OSNRyu cu

S

Xut: - Khong cch truyn dn ti u

ca mt HFA v s b HFA ti thiu
tha mn OSNRyu cu

- OSNR t c
thng s tm c
Ktvi
thc

Hnh 2. Lu thut ton tnh ton ti thiu

ha s b ki HFA trn tuyn cho trc

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

= 40nm; 1=1530nm;
S knh kho st l 32 knh.

4. Kt qu tnh ton v tho lun

Nh cp trong mc 2, n gin
trong qu trnh tnh ton, di ca mi
phn on trong mt b khuch i HFA
c cho l bng nhau (=L). Vic ti u
c thc hin da trn nguyn tc gim
s phn on (cng c ngha l gim s
b HFA) bng cch tng chiu di truyn
dn trung bnh L ca mt phn on.
Cng sut a vo si ca 1 knh c
chn: PS=(-10dBm 0dBm). y l di
cng sut pht thng c s dng
nhm gim cc hiu ng phi tuyn v
vn m bo OSNR yu cu cho trc.
Cc thng s khc c cho nh sau:
Aeff_NZDSF =55m2; Aeff_DCF =25m2;
D1=5ps/(km.nm); 1= 0,2dB/km;
D2= -100ps/(km.nm); 2= 0,5dB/km

u tin, tuyn c kho st

gm nhiu b HFA, mi b c 2 phn
on (hnh 1), mi phn on c chiu
di 50km, ngha l mi b HFA c
khong cch truyn dn l (2L=100km).
Tin hnh kho st s bin thin ca cc
loi nhiu tri do cc b HFA gy ra ti
cui tuyn khi thay i s b HFA. Kt
qu tnh ton c th hin trn cc hnh
3, 4, 5 v 6. Qua , c th thy CS nhiu
ASE tng, DRS tng tng theo s b
HFA (ngha l tng theo chiu di tuyn),
v hai loi CS nhiu tng ny t l thun
vi s b N ca HFA theo biu thc (7)
Hnh
3. CS
nhiunhiu
DRS trn
tng bn
theo bc
s b HFA
v
(11).
Ring
sng
(FWM) tng khng ph thuc vo s b
HFA m ph thuc vo v tr cc knh
trong 32 knh c biu din theo (12).

Hnh 4. CS nhiu ASE tng theo s b HFA

Hnh 5. CS nhiu FWM tng theo s b HFA

p= 0,3dB/km; =4.10-15m3/Ws.
gR=5.10-14 m/W; B0=0,1nm
12,5GHz; nspE = 1,58; n0=1,5;
4

Hnh 6. Tng CS nhiu theo s b HFA

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

Hnh 6 tng hp 3 loi CS nhiu k trn

thnh CS nhiu tng. V nhiu ASE tng
l nhiu tri, ln hn nhiu so vi 2 loi
nhiu DRS tng v FWM tng nn CS
nhiu tng xp x bng CS nhiu ASE
tng v nh vy n tng theo s b HFA
Tip theo, bi bo tnh ton OSNR
ca tuyn c chiu di L=2000km tng
ng vi 4 trng hp chn khong cch
truyn dn ca mi b HFA khc nhau:
(2L105km; 111km; 118km v 125km)
tng ng vi s b khuch i ln lt
l 19, 18, 17 v 16. Kt qu tnh ton
bng Matcad c th hin trn hnh 7
cho thy khi khong cch truyn dn ca
mi b HFA cng ngn th OSNR ti cui
tuyn cng ln.
Hnh 7. OSNR ca tuyn di L=2000km
s dng 16, 17, 18, 19 b HFA

Hnh 8 biu din mi quan h gia OSNR

v s b HFA khi chiu di mi b bng
100km. Qua ta thy khi s b HFA
tng th OSNR gim dn. iu ny c
gii thch nh sau: trong mi b HFA,
tng khuch i ca 2 EDFA v
Raman c chn sao cho b hon ton
suy hao trn 2 phn on (tnh theo dB),
nn CS tn hiu ti u ra ca tt c cc
b HFA u bng nhau, trong khi CS
nhiu tng c tch ly qua cc b
khuch i nn tng dn theo b HFA.
iu ny lm cho OSNR gim dn theo
b HFA, ngha l theo chiu di tuyn,
nh c cp mc t vn .
Tip n, bi bo da vo lu
thut ton trong hnh 2 v ngn ng
Matcad tin hnh tnh ton tm s b
khuch i HFA cc tiu v khong cch
cc i ca mt HFA trn tuyn c
khong cch cho trc tng ng vi gi
tr OSNR yu cu . Ngha l, vi khong
cch tuyn truyn dn cho trc, cn tnh
ton s lng cc b khuch i HFA t
nht hay chiu di truyn dn ca mt
HFA di nht sao cho OSNR ti cui
tuyn tha mn yu cu ra (OSNR
5

Hnh 8. Quan h gia OSNR v s b HFA

khi chiu di mi b bng 100km

Hnh 9. S b HFA theo OSNR

yu cu vi chiu di tuyn l 1000km

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

OSNRyucu). Tin hnh tng t cho cc

gi tr OSNR yu cu khc nhau (t
20dB n 28dB), bi bo v c cc
th biu din mi quan h gia s b
HFA, chiu di mi b HFA theo OSNR
yu cu khi cha ti u v ti u
tng ng vi chiu di tuyn ln lt l
L=1000km, L=1500km, L=2000km.

Hnh 9 biu din mi quan h gia s b

HFA theo OSNR yu cu khi cha tnh
ton ti u v tnh ton ti u tng
ng vi chiu di tuyn l L=1000km.

Tng t, hnh 11 v hnh 12 biu din

mi quan h gia s b HFA v chiu di
mi b HFA theo OSNR yu cu khi
cha tnh ton ti u v tnh ton ti
u tng ng vi chiu di tuyn l
L=1500km.

Hnh 10. Chiu di mi HFA theo OSNR

yu cu vi chiu di tuyn l 1000km
Hnh 10 biu din mi quan h gia
Hnh
Sb
b HFA
HFA theo
chiu
di 11.
mi
theo OSNR
OSNR yu
yu cu vi chiu di tuyn l 1500km
cu khi cha tnh ton ti u v tnh
ton ti u tng ng vi chiu di tuyn
l L=1000km.

Hnh 13. S b HFA theo OSNR

yu cu vi chiu di tuyn l 2000km

Hnh 12. Chiu di mi HFA theo OSNR

yu cu vi chiu di tuyn l 1500km

Hnh 14. Chiu di mi HFA theo OSNR

yu cu vi chiu di tuyn l 2000km

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

Hnh 13 v hnh 14. biu din mi quan

h gia s b HFA v chiu di mi b
HFA theo OSNR yu cu khi cha tnh
ton ti u v tnh ton ti u tng
ng vi chiu di tuyn l L=2000km.
Qua , c th rt ra cc nhn xt
nh sau:
+ Vi mt tuyn c khong cch truyn
dn cho trc (chng hn L=1000km,
L=1500km, L=2000km), khi OSNR yu
cu cui tuyn cng cao (cht lng tn
hiu cng tt) th cn s b khuch ghp
lai HFA cng nhiu, ngha l khong cch
truyn dn ca 1 b HFA cng ngn, iu
ny l do lc khuch i ca 2
EDFA v Raman trong mi HFA u
gim lm gim hiu ng phi tuyn, gim
cng sut cc loi nhiu pht x t pht
PASE_E, PASE_R, nhiu tn x Rayleigh kp
PDRS , trong khi cng sut tn hiu vn
c duy tr khng i ti u ra ca cc
HFA do thc hin nguyn tc cn bng
khuch i v tn hao trong mi HFA.
+ Vi khong cch truyn dn cng di
(chng hn L=2000km so vi
L=1000km) v vi cng 1 yu cu v
OSNR, th s b HFA cng nhiu, ng
trong c 2 trng hp cha ti u v ti
u tuyn. iu ny nhm m bo cho
khong cch truyn dn ca 1 b HFA
ngn duy tr OSNR yu cu v c
gii thch tng t nh trn.
+ Kt qu ca vic tnh ton ti u cho
php gim c s b HFA v tng
khong cch truyn dn ca mi b HFA
tng ng vi tuyn c chiu di cho
trc. Ngoi ra, khi OSNR yu cu cui

tuyn cng ln (chng hn cng ln hn

23dB) th hiu qu ca vic ti u cng
cao (cng gim c nhiu b HFA)
c th hin trong cc hnh 9,11 v 13.
5. Kt lun
T vic xy dng m hnh tnh ton, lp
lu thut ton, tnh ton ti u s b
khuch i ghp lai HFA bng ngn ng
Matlab, bi bo gii quyt bi ton
thc tin t ra l vi khong cch tuyn
truyn dn cho trc, tnh ton c s
lng cc b HFA t nht hay chiu di
truyn dn ca mt HFA di nht ng vi
OSNR cho trc (c th hin bi
OSNR OSNRyucu). iu ny cho php
gim gi thnh tuyn, gim chi ph vn
hnh khai thc, bo tr bo dng m vn
m bo c cht lng tn hiu truyn
dn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
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On the Optimization of Hybrid
Raman/Erbium-Doped
Fiber
Amplifiers,
IEEE
photonics
Technology Letters, Vol.13, No.11,
November 2001, pp. 1170-1172.
[2] W. Zeiler, F. D. Pasquale, P. Bayel,
Member, IEEE, J.Midwinter, Fellow.
IEEE, Modeling of four-wave
mixing and gain peaking in
amplified
WDM
optical
communication
systems
and
networks, Journal of Lightwave
Technology, Vol. 14, No. 9, pp.
1933-1942, September 1996.
[3] Alireza Mowla, Nosrat Granpayeh,
Optimum design of a hybrid
erbium-doped fiber amplifier/fiber
Raman amplifier using particle
swarm
optimization,
Applied
Optics (impact factor: 1.41).
03/2009; 48(5):979-84
7

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(29).2008

[4] Ramandeep Kaur, Performance

Analysis
of
Hybrid
Optical
Amplifiers for Multichannel WDM
Systems, The Master Thesis of
Electronics and Communication
Engineering Departmant, June-2011
[5] Zhi Tong, Huai Wei, and Shuisheng
Jian,
Investigation
and
Optimization of bidirectionally dualorder pumped distributed Raman
amplifiers, Optics Express, (C)
2004 USA, Vol.12, No.9, 3 May
2004, pp. 1794-1802