PHN I: M u

1 t vn :
Cc thit b trong mng khi truyn cho nhau i hi tnh chnh xc. Tuy nhin
d liu dng s khi c lu tr, x l hay truyn t my ny qua my khc c th
b li. Nh khi truyn d liu i xa qua mi trng in thoi, dy cp, khng gian
c th b nh hng bi nhit , nhiu ng dy, in t hay do lu ngy cc
b x l, b chuyn i c mt sai st nh s lm thay i d liu.Trn ng
truyn d liu c th b nhiu (in, t,..) dn n sai lc trong qu trnh truyn.
V vy, trc khi nhn c d liu th phi pht hin li v sa li ni nhn
c th nhn thng tin mt cch chnh xc nht.
2 Cc phng thc truyn:
C 2 phng thc truyn d liu l : truyn song song v truyn ni tip.
a Truyn song song:
- Mi bit dng mt ng truyn ring. Nu c 8 bits c truyn ng thi
s yu cu 8 ng truyn c lp.
- truyn d liu trn mt ng truyn song song, mt knh truyn ring
c dng thng bo cho bn nhn bit khi no d liu c sn (clock
signal)
- Cn thm mt knh truyn khc bn nhn bo cho bn gi bit sn
sng nhn d liu k tip.
PARALLEL DATA TRANSMISSION
Bit 0

Bit 0

Bit 1

Bit 1

Bit 2

Bit 2

Bit 3

Bit 3

Bit 4

Bit 4

Bit 5

Bit 5

Bit 6

Bit 6

Bit 7

Bit 7

Sender

Media

Receiver

- V d: ISA, ATA, PCI,..

b Truyn ni tip:
- Tt c cc bit u c truyn trn cng mt ng truyn, bit ny tip sau
bit kia di tc ng ca xung nhp clock.
- Khng cn cc ng truyn ring cho tn hin truyn i.
- Phi m bo c vn thi gian gia bn pht v bn nhn -> trnh s
xung t.
- Trong phng thc truyn ni tip bao gm : truyn ng b v khng ng
b
Khng ng b: mi k t c ng b bi bit start v bit stop.
ng b: mi khi k t c bng b bi c.
SERIAL DATA TRANSIMISSION
1001 1001

Sender

V d: RS232, SPI, I2C.

1001 1001

Media

Receiver

3 nh ngha v phn loi li.

1
nh ngha:
Trong thc t, mt phn ca thng tin s b thay i trn ng truyn d
liu (do t trng, nhit .). Chng c th lm thay i hnh dng v thi im
ca tn hiu. Nu d liu c m ha di dng nh phn th mt hoc nhiu bit b
li, c th chuyn t 1 sang 0 hoc ngc li hoc cng c th chng b mt i.
Li truyn thng
2
Phn loi li
C 3 loi li l: li n bit, li a bit, li o bit.
a Li n bit.
- Khi truyn d liu th 1 bit ca khi d liu (1byte, 1 k t,..) b thay i t
1 sang 0 v ngc li.
- Khi 1 bit b li th cc bit xung quanh khng b nh hng.
- Thng xy ra li khi d liu b nhiu trng.
0 changed 1

Sender

Receiver

- Thng xy ra khi truyn truyn d liu song song.

b Li a bit
- L li m khi d liu truyn i c nhiu hn 2 bit b li. ( iu ny khng c
ngha l phi 2 li xy ra lin tip nhau).
- Chiu di ca li tnh t bit b li u tin n bit b li cui cng (mc d
cc bit nm gia khng b li).
-

Length of burt
error (5 bit)

Sent
0

Bits corrupted by burts error

0

Receiver

- Thng xy ra trong qu trnh truyn d liu ni tip.

- Thi gian ca nhiu thng di hn ca 1 bit nhng n c th tc ng n
nhiu bit. S bit b tc ng ph thuc v khong thi gian ca nhiu v tc
truyn.
c Li o bit
- L li xut hin khi c 2 li lin tip nhau o gi tr cho nhau.
- V d
0

PHN II: Phng php pht hin v sa li.

I
Pht hin li.
- Khi truyn d liu nu gp li th khng th nhn ra c trc khi gii m
d liu nhn c.
- Khi gi d liu i, n s c gn vo phn ui 1 phn kim tra li. Bn
nhn s da vo xem d liu c b li hay khng.
Data
101000000001010101010
Detach Data
Accept
Reject
1011101
Redundancy check
Receiver

Data & redundancy check

10100000000101010101
0

Sender

1011101

- C 4 phng php pht hin li: VRC, LRC, CRC, CHECKSUM

1 Phng php VRC ( bit chn l).
- Mi xu bit biu din k t truyn i c thm v 1 bit, gi l parity bit
hay l bit chn l.
- Quy c:
Chn: tng s bit 1 c trong khi d liu (c bt parity) l s chn.
L: tng s bit 1 c trong khi d liu (c bit parity) l s l.
- u nhn d liu, mch s kim tra tng khi d liu nhn c xem c
tng s bit l chn(l). Nu khng th tc l c 1 bit no trong khi d
liu b sai. Ngc li l mch truyn ng.
- V d: Truyn 1 khi d liu 4 bit 1101 c s dng mch to kim parity
r sai c minh ho nh hnh di y:

Hnh 2.3.28 Mch to kim Parity

Nhn xt:
- Ch d c li sai s bit l.
- Khng sa c li.
- t c dng trong truyn d liu i xa, c bit tc cao (hiu sut
truyn thng tin km).

2 Phng php LRC

- Vn s dng phng php ca VRC nhng theo dng 2 chiu (vic kim tra
c thc hin c chiu ngang ln chiu dc)
- V d:
Parity bit
1 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 0 1 1

0 0 1 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 1 1

Data bits

- Theo chiu ngang, mi

k t c thm vo 1 bit0kim tra chn l nh VRC,
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
v c gi l Kim tra chiu ngang VRC (Vertical Redundancy Check).
- Theo chiu
LRCdc,
bits cung cp thm 1 k t kim tra, c gi l LRC
(Longitudinal Redundancy Check).
- Khi d liu gi i c gn thm LRC. Ni nhn s em d liu nhn c
tp hp theo hng ngang v hng dc.Nu:
Nu tt c cc ct(ngang v dc) u =0 th d liu khng b li.
Nu 1 gi tr bt k bng khng th d liu b li.
V d khi d liu trn b li.
VRC
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

- Vy c li xy ra sau khi d liu c truyn.

- Nhn xt
Gim t ln li khng pht hin c 2-4 bc so vi dng VRC.
tin cy tng i cao.
C kh nng pht hin v sa li nu trng hp li n bit.