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87
ENOTHTA
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A
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113
114
ENOTHTA
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(1571-1630) . , , , ,
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, , , Hook
Leibniz, . ,
, :
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,
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, -
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:
, .
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19
James Clerk Maxwell
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. ,
Nicolas Carnot (17961832), Benoit Clapeyron (1799-1864), Rudolf
Clausius (1822-1888) William Thomson,
Kelvin (1824-1907) ,
19 Albert Mickelson (1852-1931) Edward
Williams Morley (1838-1923) , ,
. , , .
, 20
. 1900
Max Planck (1858-1947)
, .
,
, -
,
, . 1921. , ,
Niels Bohr (18851962), Louis de Broglie (1892-1987), Werner
Heisenberg (1901-1976), Max Born (1882-1970)
Erwin Schrdinger (1887-1961). ,
, ,
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:
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Einstein, Schrdinger, Pauli, Dirac, Compton, de Broglie, Born Bohr.
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, .
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Oberth (1894-1989) Robert Esnault-Pelterie
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. 4 ,
Sputnik 1,
,
O Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
O Robert Goddard.
141
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O .
Vostok 1, , 12
1961.
Kennedy
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1960.
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.
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