CHO MNG NGY NH GIO VIT NAM 20/11/2012

NGHIN CU CH TO MODULE IU KHIN T XA CC THIT B

RESEARCH MODULE MANUFACTURING REMOTE CONTROL OF EQUIMENT
TS. TRN SINH BIN
Khoa in-TTB, Trng HHH
Tm tt
Bi bo nghin cu vic ng dng hng ngoi trong iu khin t xa nhm ch to
Module iu khin t xa cc thit b gia dng.
Abstract
The article studies the application of infrared remote control built module to the remote
control of appliances.
1. M u
H thng iu khin t ng v h thng iu khin t xa (KTX) ng vai tr quan trng
trong cuc sng hng ngy v trong sn xut. N gp phn nng cao cht lng cuc sng v
gim bt cng sc ca con ngi, nng cao nng sut v cht lng ca sn phm. H thng
KTX c tch hp t nhng thit b n gin n nhng h thng iu khin phc tp v n
gip con ngi c th iu khin c thit b khp mi ni m khng cn n hin trng. Nh
vy h thng KTX hn ch c mc phc tp ca cng vic. Trong sinh hot hng ngy
ca con ngi t tr chi gii tr cho n nhng ng dng gn gi vi con ngi cng c ci
tin sao cho ph hp vi vic s dng v t mc tin li nht.
2. Vn iu khin t xa
H thng KTX l mt h thng cho php ta iu khin cc thit b t mt khong cch no
. V d h thng iu khin bng sng v tuyn, h thng iu khin bng hng ngoi, h thng
iu khin bng cp quang, dy dn. S khi ca mt h thng KTX trn hnh 1.

Hnh 1. S khi.

Trong : Thit b pht - bin i tn hiu iu khin truyn i.

ng truyn - a tn hiu t thit
b pht n thit b thu. ng truyn c
th l c dy hoc khng dy tu thuc
vo h thng.
Thit b thu - nhn tn hiu t ng
truyn, bin i, gii m khi phc tn
hiu ban u sau a n cc thit b
chp hnh.
Do h thng KTX cn phi truyn
dn i xa nn cn m bo tn hiu c
truyn i mt cch nhanh chng v chnh
xc, tin tc cn phi bin i thnh loi
xung ph hp vi ng truyn sao cho
dung lng ln nht v tc truyn l
nhanh nht. V kt cu h thng phi m
bo c tc x l nhanh, thit b hot
ng tin cy v an ton, c cu trc n
gin v m bo chnh xc trong phm
vi cho php.
Trong h thng KTX truyn thng
tin ri rc hoc truyn thng tin lin tc
nhng c ri rc ho tin tc thng
phi c bin i thng qua mt php Hnh 2. Mt s phng php iu ch tn hiu dng xung.
bin i thnh s (thng l nh phn) ri
Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi

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c m ho v c truyn i t my pht. Khi my thu nhn c tn hiu t my pht n s

c gii m, bin i khi phc li tin tc m my pht truyn i. Vic m ho tn hiu
tng kh nng chng nhiu v c th pht hin sai v sa sai nhm tng tin cy v tc
truyn ca h thng KTX.
C nhiu phng php iu ch tn hiu, tuy nhin iu ch tn hiu dng xung c nhiu u
im hn. Mt s phng php iu ch tn hiu dng xung c bn l (hnh 2): iu ch bin
xung (PAM), iu ch rng xung (PWM), iu ch v tr xung (PPM) v iu ch m xung
(PCM).
Theo l thuyt th tn s trch mu cn ln hn hoc bng hai ln tn s ln nht ca tn
hiu. Tuy nhin trong thc t thng thng tn s trch mu nh nht chn bng 10 ln tn s ln
nht ca tn hiu. V vy tn s cng cao th thi gian trch mu cng nh (ly mu cng nhiu)
dn n linh kin chuyn mch cn c tc cao. Ngc li nu s dng tn s ly mu thp dn
n chnh xc khng cao.
Nh vy cc phng php iu ch xung nh PPM, PWM, PAM phn no cng theo kiu
tng t v cc dng xung ra sau khi iu ch c s thay i v bin , rng xung, v tr xung
theo tn hiu ly mu. i vi phng php bin i m xung PCM th dng xung ra l dng nh
phn ch c hai mc (0) v (1).
3. Cc phng n iu khin t xa
3.1. S dng sng v tuyn l h thng truyn tn hiu t ni ny sang ni khc bng
sng in t. Tn hiu cn truyn s c chuyn thnh tn hiu in sau c m ha v
truyn i. Ti ni thu tn hiu s c gii m ti to li thng tin ban u. Truyn tn hiu
trong v tuyn l qu trnh t tn hiu thng tin vo sng mang c tn s cao hn truyn i, ti
my thu s loi b sng mang ch nhn v ti to li tn hiu thng tin y l qu trnh gii m iu
ch. c im ca h thng thu pht s dng sng in t l phi c Anten.
Qua thc nghim cho thy sng in t c
th bc x v lan truyn trong mi trng th tn s
dao ng thch hp ln hn 100KHz. Ngoi ra vn
phi hp tr khng gia cc tn s trong my pht,
gia anten cng sut pht l rt quan trng trong vic
nng cao khong cch pht sng v anten c c tnh
cng hng vi tn s pht nn kch thc anten c
quan h cht ch vi bc sng pht.
3.2. S dng tia hng ngoi
Tia hng ngoi l bc x in t m ta khng
th nhn thy bng mt thng c bc sng 0,8m
n 1000m tia hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn
Hnh 3. S khi PT2248.
tc nh sng. Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i nhiu
knh tn hiu, n c ng dng rng ri trong cng
nghip v i sng. Lng thng tin c th t 3Mbit/s
v ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in t m ngi ta
vn hay dng. Tia hng ngoi d b hp th v kh nng
xuyn thu km. Trong KTX chm tia hng ngoi pht
i rt hp c hng do phi thu ng hng.
Trn c s phn tch, nh gi 2 phng n
trn v cc kha cnh: tn s sng mang, vn thu
pht, cng sut pht, phm vi ng dng, kh nng thc
thi v gi thnh, ta la chn phng n 2.
4. Xy dng Module phn cng
4.1. La chn cc phn t
IC pht hng ngoi PT2248 (hnh 3) - l mt b
pht tia hng ngoi ng dng bi cng ngh CMOS.
PT2248 kt hp vi PT2249 to ra 10 chc nng. Vi
Hnh 4. S khi PT2249.
cch t hp nh vy c th dng cho nhiu loi thit b
t xa.
Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi

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B to dao ng v b phn tn: c th pht c i xa, ta phi c mt xung c tn s

38KHz ni nhn.
IC Thu hng ngoi PT2249 (hnh 4) s nhn tn hiu hng ngoi sau gii m tn hiu v
c th iu khin ti a 10 thit b. Vi mch c tch hp b lc s v b kim tra m ngn nga s
tc ng t ngun sng khc nhau v vy khng nh hng n nhy ca u thu hng ngoi.
u thu hng ngoi TSOP1838 c nhim v thu tn hiu hng ngoi vi tn s 38KHz t
my pht hng ngoi a vo khi gii m.
IC ULN2803 l IC khuch i dng iu khin cc Rle. ULN2803 c 8 u vo v 8 u
ra tng tng l 8 knh c iu khin c lp. Bn trong ULN2803 l cc Transistor mc theo
kiu Dalington v c Diode bo v dng ngc.
Mch cng sut iu khin cc thit b c th s dng Triac hoc Rle. a s cc thit
b gia dng c cng sut 150W nn ta s dng Rle ng ct cc thit b l hp l.
4.2. Xy dng Module phn cng
S mch pht (hnh 5) s dng
chip PT2248 c th pht ra 18 knh c
m ha khc nhau.Trong c 6 knh
lin tc v 12 knh khng lin tc. Do
cch b tr linh kin ph hp vi v nn ta
s dng 5 knh lin tc iu khin.
u ra ca PT2248 s c a vo
transistor ( khuch i tn hiu) tip
transistor s a ti u pht hng ngoi.
Khi bm vo cc phm chc nng
pht lnh, phm chc nng tng ng
vi mt s thp phn.
Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh
m nh phn tng ng di dng m
lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1. S bit
trong m lnh nh phn 12bit. ng thi
Hnh 5. S mch pht.
khi ng mch dao ng to xung vi
tn s xc nh thi gian chun ca mi bit. M nh phn ti mch m ha s c cht a
vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip. Tip m ny s c trn vi sng mang
c tn s 38KHz v c a ra chn s 15 ca IC PT2248 v ni vi LED pht hng ngoi qua
Transistor. Khi m lnh c gi tr "1" th LED pht hng ngoi sng trong khong thi gian T ca bit
. Khi m lnh c gi tr 0 th LED khng sng.

Hnh 6. S mch thu.

S mch thu (hnh 6) c hai ch : KTX bng Remote v iu khin ti ch.

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi

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CHO MNG NGY NH GIO VIT NAM 20/11/2012

Ch KTX bng Remote: Gi s Remote pht lnh iu khin knh s 1 (n ln th

nht) u thu hng ngoi s nhn c tn hiu. Trc tin khuych i tn hiu nhn ri a qua
mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh. M lnh c
a vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s thp
phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng. Cc ng ra tng ng c a
vo vi iu khin AT89S52 ti y cc tn hiu c x l a ra iu khin v hin th. Cc tn
hiu ra ca vi iu khin a ti Rle qua cch ly quang v ULN2803. Rle tng ng ca knh
s 1 ng tip im iu khin thit b. tt thit b ta cng pht lnh iu khin knh s 1 (n
ln th hai) qu trnh x l tn hiu nh trn khi vi iu khin AT89S52 x l v a tn hiu
ngt Rle tng ng. Cc knh cn li iu khin tng t nh knh s 1.
Ch iu khin ti ch:
s dng 2 nt n (Menu/Select v
Next) iu khin 5 knh. Ta n
nt Menu/Select vo chng
trnh iu khin ti ch. chn
knh iu khin ta s dng nt
Next. Gi s mun iu khin
knh s 2 ta dng nt Next di
chuyn n knh s 2. Khi n
LED2 s nhp nhy bo hiu cho
ta bit ang knh s 2. iu
khin Rle tng ng ta n nt
Menu/Select khi Rle tng
ng s ng tip im iu khin
thit b.
By gi ta mun tt thit b
Hnh 7. M hnh gii m tn hiu iu khin.
knh s 2 ta n nt Menu/Select 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: LED hin th knh s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 tng ng;
v gi trong 2s lc Rle tng 6: u thu TSOP1838; 7: Menu/Select; 8: Next; 9: LED bo
ng mt in v thit b ngng ngun; 10: Ngun vo AC12V; 11, 12, 13, 14, 15: u ra knh
hot ng. thot khi chng s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 tng ng; 16: LED hin th chng trnh K ti
trnh iu khin ti ch ta n nt ch.
Next khi no n LED6 tt. Cc
knh cn li iu khin tng t.
Khi iu khin ch ti ch th khng s dng c ch KTX. Khi no thot ch
iu khin ti ch th mi kch hot ch KTX.
5. Kt lun
Bi bo nghin cu vic ng dng hng ngoi trong KTX nhm ch to Module KTX
cc thit b gia dng. Module c kch thc nh gn vi 5 knh c kim tra, chy th v hot
ng tin cy, khng b nh hng ca nhiu.
Module c kh nng m rng: tng s knh iu khin, kt hp vi cng tc t iu
khin cc thit b c cng sut ln v c th kt ni vi my tnh iu khin cng nh kt ni
cc Module iu khin vi nhau.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Xun Th, K thut in t, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006.
[2] Xun Tin, K thut vi x l v lp trnh ASEMBLY cho h VXL, NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
2006.
[3] Gio trnh o lng v iu khin t xa, H Bch Khoa HN, 2007.
[4] www.datasheetarchive.com.
[5] http://www.atmel.com.

Ngi phn bin: TS. Trn Anh Dng

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi

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