Arad, Romania

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Arad
Municipality

The centre with the City Hall in the background

Flag

Coat of arms

Arad
Location of Arad, Romania

Coordinates:
Country

4610N 2119ECoordinates:
Romania

County

Arad County

Status

Municipality

Government

4610N 2119E

 Mayor

Gheorghe Falc (Democratic Liberal Party)

Area
Total

46.18 km2 (17.83 sq mi)

Elevation

117 m (384 ft)

Population (2011 census)[1]

Total

159,704

Density

3,500/km2 (9,000/sq mi)

Time zone

EET (UTC+2)

Summer (DST)

EEST (UTC+3)

Postal code

31xxx

Area code(s)

(+40) 02 57

Vehicle registration

AR

Website

primariaarad.ro

Arad on an 18th-century map

Arad (Romanian pronunciation: [arad] ( listen); Hungarian: Arad; Serbian:/Arad) is the capital city
of Arad County, historically situated in the regions of Criana, and having recently extended on the
left bank of theMure river, in Banat region of western Romania.
An important industrial center and transportation hub on the Mure River, Arad is also the seat of
a Romanian Orthodox archbishop and features two universities, a Romanian Orthodox theological
seminary and a training school for teachers. It had one of the first music conservatories in Europe. [2]
[3]
The city has a population of 159,704, making it the 12th largest city in Romania. Arad is the third
largest city in the western part of the country, behind Timioara and Oradea.
Contents
[hide]

1 History

1.1 Chronology

2 Population

3 Climate

4 Economy

5 Transport
o

5.1 Employees by occupation

6 Neighborhoods

7 Tourist attractions

7.1 Architectural monuments

7.2 Historic buildings

7.3 Monuments

7.4 Religious tourism

7.5 Recreational tourism

8 Culture and education

o

8.1 Schools

8.2 Cultural life

8.3 Museums and exhibitions

9 International relations
o

9.1 Twin towns Sister cities

9.2 Partner cities

10 Sports

11 References
o

11.1 Notes

12 External links

History[edit]
Arad was first mentioned in documents in the 11th century. The Mongolinvasion of the Kingdom of
Hungary in 1241 showed the importance of the fortifications on this place, to which were added in
the second half of the 13th century more stone fortresses at oimo, iria, and Dezna. TheOttoman
Empire conquered the region from Hungary in 1551 and kept it until the Peace of Karlowitz of 1699.
Arad became an eyalet center, which comprised the sanjaks of Arad, Lugoj,
Kaca, Belek and Yanova from 1660 till 1697, when it was captured by Austrians during OttomanHabsburg wars (16831699). After 1699, the city was ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy. According to
1720 data, the population of the city was composed of 177 Romanian families, 162 Serbian, and 35
Hungarian.[4]
The first Jew allowed to settle inside the city was Isac Elias in 1717. [5] Eventually the Jewish
population of Arad numbered over 10,000 people, more than 10% of the population, before
the Second World War.[6]
The new fortress was built between 1763 and 1783. Although it was small, it proved formidable
having played a great role in the Hungarian struggle for independencein 1849. The city possesses a
museum containing relics of this war of independence.
Bravely defended by the Austrian general Berger until the end of July 1849, it was captured by the
Hungarian rebels, who made it their headquarters during the latter part of the Hungarian Revolution
of 1848. It was from Arad that Lajos Kossuthissued his famous proclamation (11 August 1849), and
where he handed over the supreme military and civil power to Artr Grgey.
The fortress was recaptured shortly after the surrender at Vilgos (now iria, Romania), with the
surrender of general Artr Grgey to the Russians. It became an ammunition depot. Thirteen rebel
generals were executed there on 6 October 1849, by order of the Austrian general Julius Jacob von
Haynau. These men are known collectively as the 13 Martyrs of Arad, and since then Arad is
considered the "Hungarian Golgotha". One of the public squares contains a martyrs' monument,
erected in their memory. It consists of a colossal figure of Hungary, with four allegorical groups, and
medallions of the executed generals.
Arad enjoyed great economic development in the 19th century. In 1834 it was declared a "free royal
town" by EmperorFrancis I of Austria.
Aradu Nou / Neu Arad / jarad ("New Arad"), situated on the opposite bank of the Mure river, is a
neighborhood of Arad, to which it is connected by the Trajan bridge. It was founded during the
Turkish wars of the 17th century. The works erected by the Turks for the capture of the fortress of
Arad formed the nucleus of the new settlement.
In 1910, the town had 63,166 inhabitants: 46,085 (73%) Hungarians, 10,279 (16.2%) Romanians,
4,365 (7%) Germans.[7]

Chronology[edit]

1028 First time the area was mentioned.

1078 1081 The first mention of the town

1131 Arad is mentioned in The Painted Chronicle From Vienna.

1526 Following the Hungarian defeat in the Battle of

Mohcs, John Zpolya, elected King of Hungary, establishes
theEastern Hungarian Kingdom in Partium and Transylvania.

1541 After the fall of Buda to the Ottomans, the city passes under
the administration of the Autonomous Principality of Transylvania.

1551 1595 The town was occupied and administered by the

Ottoman Empire, the former county being divided into three
sangeacs.

1553 1555 Between these years, the Ottomans built the first
fortress of the city on the northern bank of the river Mure.

1595 Transylvanian troops cleared the lower valley of the Mure,

thus the city of Arad was reintegrated in the Transylvanian
Principality.

1599 After the victory of Mihai Viteazu's troops at elimbr, the

city enters under the Voivode's authority until 1601 when Gabriel
Bethlen gives the Mure valley back to the Ottomans.

1683 After the failure of the Ottoman siege of Vienna, Habsburg

troops conquer the city in 1687.

1699 After the Peace of Karlowitz, the Mure river valley became
the new border between The Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman
Empire, thus the city became the headquarters of the frontier guard
troops.

1702 The furriers' guild was registered the oldest one.

1715 Camil Hofflich, a minorite monk, set up the first school

German language.

1724 First German settlers from Franken come to the south of the
river and establish Neu Arad.

1732 Almost the entire area of the county was donated to Rinaldo
of Modena, who, later disgraced in 1740, lost it to the Austrian
crown.

1765 1783 The new fortress was built, in Vauban-Tenaille style.

1781 Following the building interdiction in the city, providing clear

gunshot fields, the Empire considered moving the city in the Zimand
pusta; subsequently Emperor Joseph II gave up the idea.

1812 The foundation of Preparandia the first Romanian

pedagogy school in Transylvania.

1817 The Hirschl Theatre was built.

1818 The safety perimeter of the fortress was reduced from

2 kilometers as put out in 1783, to just 500 m.

1868 Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu came to Arad as a prompter for Matei Millo's theatre
company.

1833 The sixth European Music School was set up in Arad, after
Paris, Prague, Brussels, Vienna and London Aradi Zenede/Arader
Musik Conservatorium.

21 August 1834 Arad obtained the "Free Royal Town" statute.

1846 Hungarian composer and piano virtuoso Franz Liszt performed.

6 October 1849 13 generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army

executed.

1847 Johann Strauss the Son performed.

1851 Inauguration of the Neumann family alcohol and yeast

factory.

1858 Inauguration of the central train station.

1874 The original building of the Theater was built.

1876 The Administrative Palace was built.

1877 Pablo Sarasate and Henryk Wieniawski performed.

1890 The Philharmonic Society of Arad was founded.

1897 The Cenad palace was built.

1913 The edifice of today's Palace of Culture and site of the

Philarmonics was built on the river embankment.

1922 Romanian composer and violin virtuoso George Enescu performed.

1924 Hungarian composer Bla Bartk performed.

1892 The Weitzer Wagon Factory starts producing railway cars.

Since 1903 it built the first successful series of petrol driven railcars
in Europe.

15 August 1899 The first official football game was held.

1906 Arad-Podgoria Narrow Railway was opened with petrol

railcars.

19091914 Production of motorcars by (MARTA), a subsidiary

of Austro-Daimler. MARTA was the acronym of Magyar Automobil
Rszvny Trsasg Arad (Hungarian automobile joint stock
company Arad)

19111913 Arad-Podgoria Narrow Railway was electrified. Apart

from factory rails and urban trams, it was the third electric railway in
Hungary and the sixth one in Habsburg Monarchy. In 1920, it should
become the first electrical railway of Romania.

1918 Arad becomes the headquarters of The Romanian National

Central Council, the provisional government of Transylvania, and
also its unofficial capital.

May 1315 Iuliu Maniu declares the decision to secede from

Hungary and the union of Transylvania with Romania.

1920 Under the Treaty of Trianon, Arad was ceded to Romania.

1921 Weitzer Wagon Factory and MARTA merge to ASTRA

Automobile & Wagon Factory

1937 Arad was the most important economic center in

Transylvania and occupied the fourth position in Romania[citation needed]

1980es Astra Automobile & Waggon Factory was Europe's largest

manufactorer of freightcars.

1989 Arad was the second town in Romania to rise

against communism, with considerable violence.

1996/98 Astra Automobile & Waggon Factory was split in Astra

Vagoane Arad (production of freightcars), Astra Vagoane
Cltori (production of passenger railcars), and Astra Buses.

1999 The Arad Industrial Zone was inaugurated.

2011 (November) Astra Vagoane Arad was bankrupt.

Population[edit]
Historical population of Arad

Year

1900

1912 census

Population

53,903[8]

63,166

1930 census

77,181

1948 census

87,291

1956 census

106,460

1966 census

126,000

1977 census

171,193

1992 census

190,114

2002 census

172,827

2011 census

159,704

According to the 2011 census, the municipality of Arad was home to 159,704 inhabitants. The ethnic
split of the city was as follows: 126,075 Romanians (85.19%); 15,695Hungarians (10.06%);
2,535 Romani (1.71%); 1,256 Germans (0.84%); and 2,116 of other nationalities (1.22%). [1]
The principal religious groups were the Romanian Orthodox (72.7%), Roman
Catholic(12.1%), Baptist (4.5%), Pentecostal (4.4%), Reformed (3.1%), and Greek-Catholic (1.1%)
churches.

Climate[edit]
Arad has a continental climate with cool and damp winters. The summers are warm to hot. In the
summer months of June, July and August there are 60 days above 32 C (90 F). The Kppen
Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).
[9]

[hide]Climate data for Arad, Romania

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Record high C (F)

18

18

26

28

32

34

38

37

36

30

21

17

38

Average high C (F)

Daily mean C (F)

Average low C (F)

Record low C (F)

(64)

(64)

(79)

(82)

(90)

(93)

(100)

(99)

(97)

(86)

(70)

(63)

(100)

16

21

23

25

30

28

24

17

15

(34)

(39)

(61)

(70)

(73)

(77)

(86)

(82)

(75)

(63)

(48)

(41)

(59)

10

16

18

20

20

17

11

10.2

(30)

(34)

(43)

(50)

(61)

(64)

(68)

(68)

(63)

(52)

(41)

(32)

(50.4)

13

15

16

14

11

(27)

(28)

(34)

(45)

(55)

(59)

(61)

(57)

(52)

(43)

(32)

(28)

(43)

25

21

15

11

12

17

25

(13)

(6)

(5)

(19)

(30)

(36)

(41)

(39)

(32)

(12)

(10)

(1)

(13)

Average precipitationm
m (inches)

22.8

18.9

22.7

41.5

39.4

63.2

44.9

39.7

40.0

28.2

29.6

31.3

422.2

(0.898

(0.744

(0.894

(1.634

(1.551

(2.488

(1.768

(1.563

(1.575

(1.11

(1.165

(1.232

(16.622

Avg. rainy days

11

11

11

10

12

11

12

12

123

62

84

124

150

248

270

279

279

210

155

60

62

1,983

Mean monthly sunshine

hours

Source: Weatherbase[10] MSN Weather[11] BBC Weather [12]

Economy[edit]
With a rich industrial and commercial tradition, Arad is one of the most prosperous towns
in Romania. Thanks to numerous investments in industry and commerce, Arad has a booming
economy.
The main industries are: freight and passenger railway cars, clothing and textiles, food processing,
furniture and household accessories, equipment for the car industry, electric components,
instrumentation and shoes.

Transport[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Arad

Arad Central railway station

Arad is the most important trans-European road and rail transportation junction point in western
Romania, included in the 4th Pan-European Corridor linking Western Europe to South-Eastern
European and Middle Eastern countries. The city has an extensive light rail network (second only to
the country capital of Bucharest) and several bus lines covering most of the city's neighbourhoods
and suburbs. Arad International Airport (IATA: ARW, ICAO: LRAR), with the largest and most
moderncargo terminal in western Romania, is situated only 4 km west from downtown Arad and is
directly connected to the Arad west bypass road, part of the A1 Motorway.

Employees by occupation[edit]

Industry - 41.5%

Commerce - 13.75%

Transport and telecommunications - 9.27%

Construction - 7.92%

Education - 5.99%

Health and social services - 5.14%

Utilities - 3.16%

Public administration - 2.28%

Agriculture - 1.97%

Credit and insurance institutions - 1.70%

Neighborhoods[edit]

1. Aradul Nou
2. Centru
3. Aurel Vlaicu
4. Micalaca
5. Grdite
6. Alfa
7. Bujac
8. Confectii
9. Functionarilor
10. Gai
11. Parneava
12. Snnicolaul Mic
13. Colonia
14. Subcetate

Tourist attractions[edit]
This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by
converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available.(September 2011)

Architectural monuments[edit]

Ioan Slavici Classic Theatre

Neumann Palace

The Fortified Town of Arad is one of the Transylvanian fotresses

built in theVauban star-shaped style, in the second half of the 18th
century. It was used as a prison for the rebels led by Horia, Cloca,
and Crian

Administrative Palace, built in 1872-74, renaissance architecture

Ioan Slavici Classical Theatre, built in 1874, neoclassical

architecture, architectAnton Czigler

Neumann Palace, built in 1891, eclecticism

Judiciary Palace, built in 1892, eclecticism

Cenad Palace, built in 1894, eclecticism and neoclassical

architecture

National Bank Palace, built in 1906, neoclassical architecture

Bohu Palace built in 1910, Vienna Secession. (For the first time in
Arad, reinforced concrete was used)

Szantay Palace, built in 1911, Vienna Secession

Cultural Palace, built in 1913, neoclassical, gothic, renaissance

architecture, andCorinthian capitals

Cloca Street, Vienna Secession

The House with Cannon Balls, built in 1800. Its name derives from

Historic buildings[edit]

the fights between 1848 and 1849. Seventeen cannonballs are

incorporated in its walls.

The High Teacher Training School (Cldirea Preparandiei), the first

school for Romanian-language teachers from Transylvania, 1812

The House with the Padlock, built in 1815

The Old Theatre (Hirschl), built by Jacob Hirschl in 1817, the oldest
stone theatre in Romania

Water Tower, built in 1896, medieval dungeon architectural style

The Old Custom House, built in 1907, used as a customs point for
goods entering the Arad markets

Monuments[edit]

The Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, raised in

1729, baroque sculpture

The monument of the Holy Trinity, raised in 1746 to commemorate

the plague that swept the town in 1738-1740

The Lutheran Red Church in Arad

Reconciliation Park

The Statue of Liberty, raised in 1890 by Gyrgy Zala in the

memory of the heroes of the Hungarian revolutionary army

The Arch of Triumph, raised in 2004 by Ioan Bolborea in

memory of the heroes of the 1848 - 1849 Romanian Revolution
(fighting against the Hungarians)

Martyrs' Cross, raised in 1936, in memory of the priests martyred

between November 1918 and spring 1919

The Bust of Vasile Goldi (18621934)

The Bust of Moise Nicoar (17841861)

The "St. Peter and Paul" Serbian Church, raised in 1698-1702,

Religious tourism[edit]

early Baroque architecture

"St. Simon" Monastery , raised in 1762, Baroque architecture

"St. Anthony of Padua" Church (Roman Catholic). The Order of

Minorite Monks raised this cathedral in 1904, in a renaissance
architecture style

The "Birth of Saint John the Baptist" Cathedral (Romanian

Orthodox), raised in 1862-1865, Baroque architecture,
architect Antoniu Czigler. The mural painter, Anastase Damian,
started his work in 1957 and finished it one year later

Roman Catholic Cathedral St. Anthony of Padua

The Red Church (Evangelical-Lutheran), built in 1906, Neo-gothic

architecture

The Neolog Synagogue, built in 1834, Greek, Tuscan architectural

style

The Bodrog Monastery built in 1111

Recreational tourism[edit]

Neptun Swimming Place, known in Romanian as "Strandul Neptun"

The Mure Embankment

The Ceala Forest with Mltre Lake and Mure Isle

The Vladimirescu Forest

Ghioroc Lake

Mini - Mderat Vineyard, situated about 30 km east of Arad

Moneasa resort, situated about 100 km, or 62 miles, ENE from Arad

Culture and education[edit]

Schools[edit]
Arad has two universities, the private "Vasile Goldi" Western University, founded in 1990, and the
public Aurel Vlaicu University founded in 1991. Also the "Spiru Haret" long-distance studies
University has a branch in Arad.
There are about two dozen high schools, some of the more famous being the Moise Nicoar
National College, the Pedagogical High School "Dimitrie ichindeal", "Elena Ghiba-Birta" College,
the Economics College, the Technical College for Constructions and Environmental Protection Arad,
and the Vasile Goldi theoretical lyceum. High schools in minority languages include the Hungarian
Csiky Gergely College and the German Adam Mller-Guttenbrunn theoretical lyceum.

Moise Nicoar National College

Cultural life[edit]

Arad State Theater, hosting an annual Classical Theater Festival

International Underground Theater Festival

Philharmonic orchestra

Puppet theater

Museums and exhibitions[edit]

Arad Museum Complex

History Department

Natural Sciences Department

Art Department

Vasile Goldi Memorial Museum

Doina and Baruu Arghezi Art Collection

Delta Gallery, with three major events of Arad artistic life: The
International Biennial Drawing Saloon, The Biennial Small Sculpture
Saloon, The Annual Art Saloon.

Alfa Gallery

Clio Gallery

Water Tower Gallery

Takcs Gallery

Carola's Gallery

Expo Arad International, The Exhibition Centre of the Chamber of

Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of the County of Arad, the only
purely exhibitional arena in western Romania and second only
to Romexpo.

Arad town hall square

International relations[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania

Twin towns Sister cities[edit]

Arad is twinned with:[13]

Atlit, Israel

Fushun, China

Gyula, Hungary

Hdmezvsrhely, Hungary

Givatayim, Israel

Zrenjanin, Serbia

Pcs, Hungary

Kirklees, England, United Kingdom

Ditzingen, Germany

Wrzburg, Germany

Trenn, Slovakia

Tatabnya, Hungary

Partner cities[edit]

Sports[edit]
The UTA Arad (formerly ITA) football team was founded in 1945 and has won six Romanian
championships and two Romanian Cups. As of the 2009-10 season, it plays in the second national
league, Liga II. The team is the most successful team from Romania that is not based in Bucharest,
after Steaua and Dinamo[citation needed]; it is the 3rd more successful modern team in the country and 4th
counting Venus Bucharest, a team from the Inter-War period. The team's most notable performance
on the international stage is the elimination from the European Champions Cup of Ernst
Happel's Feyenoord in the 1970-71 season, when the Dutch team were defending European
champions and later won the Intercontinental Cup.
In basketball, the women's ICIM and the men's West Petrom teams have national prominence, their
record including some recent national championship wins (ICIM in 1998 through 2001, West Petrom
in 2001 and 2002). In men's water polo, Astra Arad also plays in the first division. The men's rugby
team Contor Group Arad plays in the National Rugby League, reaching the playoff final in 2006.
World Champion and Olympic medalist in gymnastics, Emilia Eberle was born in Arad.

References[edit]

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public

domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopdia Britannica (11th
ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Notes[edit]
1.

^ Jump up to:a b "Population at 20 October 2011" (in

Romanian). INSSE. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.

2.

Jump up^ Dorin Frande, Spaii ardene care au gzduit muzic

Piteti : Nomina 2011 ISBN 978-606-535-327-5;

3.

Jump up^ Consiliul Judeean Arad - Arad, spirit i cultur

4.

Jump up^ Dr Duan J. Popovi, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 2, Novi Sad,

1990, page 326.

5.

Jump up^ Lakatos Otto - Aradi trtnete

6.

Jump up^ (Romanian) "Sinagoga din Arad - Misterul din spatele

usilor : Stiri Arad," aradnet.ro (13 mar 2008). Retrieved 11-08-2013.

7.

Jump up^ Atlas and Gazetteer of Historic Hungary 1914, Talma Kiad

8.

Jump up^ Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh Edition

9.

Jump up^ Climate Summary for Arad

10. Jump up^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Arad, Romania".

11. Jump up^ "MSN Weather Averages for Arad".
12. Jump up^ "BBC Weather Averages for Arad". BBC News.
13. Jump up^ Galeria oraelor nfrite i partenere

External links[edit]
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media related to Arad,

Romania.

The official Arad City Hall web site

The state cultural house of Arad

[show]

Arad County, Romania

[show]

Cities in Romania by population

[show]

County seats of Romania (alphabetical order by county)

Categories:

Arad, Romania

Fortified settlements

Populated places in Arad County

Cities in Romania

Localities in Criana

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