DESIGN GUIDE = Q Ee = arg 9 wy cs = iS) = Ba 2 ~ Retaining Wall System WALL’ i The T-WALL Solution...Ml CONTENTS T-WALL?® Retaining Wall System DESIGN GUIDE & TECHNICAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTION... APPLICATIONS ... TYPICAL SECTIONS WALL HEIGHT TABLES... SPECIFICATION .. ADVANTAGES. SAMPLE DRAWING ..... BASIS FOR DESIGN... + DESIGN... + DESIGN EXAMPLE... * DETAILS..... * THINK OF THE POSSIBILITIES .... .. INSIDE BACK COVER NOTE TO READER The information presented herein is provided solely as general information for the T-WALL® Retaining Wall System user. Specific projects are designed by The Neel Company. ©1992 The Neel Company US PATENT #4684294es (NT RODUCTION Ml T-WALL® Retaining Wall System provides cost-effective solutions to a number of earth retention problems commonly encountered on highway, industrial and pub- lic works projects. The key to the system is simplicity .... simplicity in design, manufacturing and installation. Quality in construction is assured by the use of precast concrete and the ease of installation. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES T-WALL suppliers can provide the following services: *Presentations and meetings *Preliminary design and cost estimates. Final design drawings for inclusion in bid packages *Related traffic barrier and moment slab design *All manufactured components On-site construction assistance AVAILABILITY T-WALL is readily available from licensed precast concrete manufacturers throughout the United States and Canada. Parking Garage Expansion North Shore Universiy Hospital - Manhasset, NYHl APPLICATIONS Typical applications include... Highways, roads, and parking lots Site improvements Bank stabilization Loading docks and truck dumps Waterway improvements Bridge Abutment - Route 9D Beacon, NY Bridge abutments . Wing walls. Railroads and transit systems Trash transfer facilities . Retention ponds Crushing Facility Roaring Spring, PA Municipal Recycling Center Augusta, ME Highway Wall and Precast Traffic Barrier Garden Siate Parkway, NJFlood Repair - Weege Creek Shadyside, OH SS Track Rehabilitation MBTA — Old Colony Railroad Quincy, MA Site Development — Mobil Oil Auburn, ME Broadway Street Bridge Lake Orion, MI Sentinel Side Repair Zion National Park Springdale, UTMl TYPICAL SECTIONS as VERTICAL WALL SECTION BATTERED WALL SECTION aus ceaoe ws caave ae Se uae z KS TOP UNIT CE wnocassiren jopunr__| cout a oO BEES qt Sih cusp — 8 ee-srouWr sEecegy eesroun—| secre vevongour |) ||/000 svar ey vevongsonr | aa 4 craven eal sweante STEM LENGTH veor—4 || [ON00 / ver oo Oa y ruagonoe ooo0o0 ss cxaoe / (FRONT FACE) | 7 / (FRONT FACE) ——Y / NP gogooood | 7 WP / concnere cononere a hO EEE STANDARD UNIT DIMENSIONS EWALL® UNIT WEIGHTS STEN] SINGLE UNIT [OOUBLE UNIT DOUBLE UNIT ueneritan | Weronriy | waranty STEM LENGTH 4 1600 ‘3200 VARIES ° é 1850 3700 8 2100 4300 10 2350 4700 % 2800 5200 ta 2800 5800 46 3150 6300 18 3400 8800 20 3650 7300 “The size of the FWALL unit refers to the stem length. ‘The unit reinforcing steel meets AASHTO and AOI codes.WALL HEIGHT TABLES 4. The tables for the level embankments include a 2-oot traffic surcharge. 2. The tables assume that backfill materials and conditions meet the specification in this guide. Designs may be provided for a wide range of backfill and foundation conditions. 3. Positive drainage must be provided where seepage ‘occurs in backslopes or the subgrade is poorly drained. Surface drainage must be controlled for slopes above the wall. 4, A stability analysis of the foundation should be performed by the owner/engineer where the Possibility of deep bearing oF slip failure exists. External stability is the owner's responsibilty. 5. Design Parameters: Weight of backfill 120 pet Angie of internal friction Select backfill 32” Random backfill 30° Foundation 30° Coefficient of active earth pressure (Ka) Level surcharge 0.31 Infinite surcharge 0.54 6. Safely Factors: Overturning 20 Sliding 15 Pullout 15 These tables are general cases, job specific designs will be provided by The Neel Company. SE renee sve onene | tease [5 Treo] ras] wa] ws| mal aes ]oso]ers Cd eae oo Tele 4 Tae 1 25 |6|6|6/6/6/6/6/6/6 414}4)4)4)4]4 2 5.0 16/6\|6/6/6)6/6/6]6 414/4)4)4)4]4 3 75 |6(6|6|6/6]6/6]6/6 6|6|6|/6);6/6|6 4 10.0 f=") 6/6/6}6|6/6/6/6 6l6lelelejele 5 8/8|8isis8i3als 8/8{8/8/8}e8}a 6 8/8/8/8 7 8 9 eee) ‘unos WALL HESS) WARE OD eouse | tones [7s Trea] wa] so] rs [ooo] ms [asa] a couse | komior (a [roa] ws] mals] coo] Ss ]ae0 [75] ‘or STE LENGTHS e STELENGTAS| 1 25 |4)4}4ala 4 1 25 1414/4) 4/ 4/4] 4/4] 4 2 5.0 |4]4]4]4 4 2 5014/4) 4/4] 4/4] 4]4}4 3 75 |6|6/6/6 6 3 75 {4} 4) 4/4] 4] 4/4] 4/4 4 [100/=[elsls 8 4 =lé6lelelel6lelele 5 12.5 8 5 8/8/38/8|8)38|8 6 [15.0 [: 40 6 —[e[e[slele[s 7 17.5 [os 12 7 17.5 |e 10] 10} 10/10/10 8 | 20.0 |: 14] 8 9 | 225 16 9 10 | 25.0 | ere 10, a | 27.5 iMB SPECIFICATION 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Scope of Work The contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, and equipment required to perform alll operations in connection with the installation of T-WALL precast retaining wall units in accordance with the lines and grades shown on the project drawings. Materials *T-WALL units shall be fabricated using the following materials: *Concrete with 28 day compressive strength of 4,000 psi ‘Reinforcing steel with yield strength of 60,000 psi sJoint materials: Horizontal - Expansion joint material ‘Vertical- Filter fabric Installation *See T-WALL Construction Manual *The subgrade is to be compacted to 95% standard density prior to placement of the leveling pad and select fill. *Conerete leveling pad: *Dimensions 6 inches thick by 12 inches wide “Minimum depth below finish grade 12 inches *Concrete strength 2,500 psi *Concrete finish tolerance 1/4 inch + in 10 feet *Select backfill between the stems: 100% passing the 4-inch sieve 20% maximum passing the #200 sieve *Compaction to 95% standard density, ASTM D-698 *Random Backfill compacted to 95% standard density *Tolerances of the Wall: Vertical plane 3/4 inch in 10 feet Vertical Joint 3/8 inch + 3/8 inch Horizontal plane 3/4 inch in 10 feet Horizontal Joint 1/2 inch + 1/2 inch *Special care shall be taken in setting the bottom course of units to true line and grade. *Select backfill will be placed behind each course before another course is started. *Positive drainage must be provided where seepage occurs in backslopes or the subgrade is poorly drained. Finish Unless specified otherwise, the standard T-WALL unit is concrete gray in color with a smooth steel form surface. *For improved finish, the face of the T-WALL unit may be finished with a coating after installation. Payment «Payment will be by the square foot of surface area of the T-WALL units. This price will include all precast units, joint material, finish coating, and all labor and equipment for the installation. This unit price will also include the leveling pad. Payment for the wall excavation will be paid under an excavation item. *Payment for furnishing, placing and compacting select backfill will be paid for under T-WALL, Select Backfill, cubic yard.en ADVANTAGES Hl Select Backfill - The backfill between the stems is an important part of the T-WALL struc- ture. The structure will not perform with incorrect backfill. A wide range of backfill specifica- tions are available depending upon the loads on the structure, water conditions and backfill available. The “all” precast concrete unit eliminates most soil chemistry concerns and allows the use of nonstandard, economical backfill materials, for example: Quarry waste Crushed concrete Washed out concrete mixes Bottom ash from power plants Flexibility - The vertical joints act as slip planes at five foot intervals which can accommo- date differential movements in the foundation. This flexibility can minimize foundation prepa- ration and yields significant savings. Durability - Precast concrete with steel reinforcement combine to yield a system that has demonstrated excellent long-term durability. Geometric Flexibility - In general, vertical walls can more easily accommodate bends and curves. Battered and tiered walls permit shorter stem lengths, resulting in less excavation and backfill. T-WALL can even be constructed on a grade up to 4%. Architectural Finishes - A wide range of architectural finishes are available. To assure color uniformity, coatings or stains can also be applied. Drainage Structures - T-WALL can easily accommodate roadway drainage structures. Sign posts, fences, guardrails, drop inlets and curb drains can be located between the stems. Panels can be modified to handle outfalls through the structure, and cast-in-place headwalls can accommodate drainage structures at the base of the wall. Construction - T-WALL is easy to install. Experience shows that most crews can erect a T-WALL structure quickly and accurately with minimal instruction. Equipment requirements are basic and most equipment needed for construction is on-site for other purposes. No special tools or accessories are required. Nonpermanent Installations - T-WALL structures are ideal for walls that may be relo- cated in the future. The backfill is easily excavated between the stems with a backhoe. The one-piece concrete unit is then easily removed, transported and reinstalled. The units may even be used in a different wall configuration due to the interchangeability of units. Cost Competitive - T-WALL has proven to be economical for a wide variety of appli : tions. In addition to the purchase price, the ease of construction and the reduced quantities of excavation and select backfill result in a competitive in-place cost.HE SAMPLE DRAWING z 2 Zz a 8 f= ANGLE POINT #1 EL 224.01 25.1" f= ANGLE POINT #2 ‘TOP OF WALL, £202.75 EL 212.58, as a no TOP OF LEVELING PAD FINISH GRADE (FRONT FACE) DEVELOPED ELEVATION (FRONT FACE) This drawing contains information proprietary to The Neel Company. ‘The Neel Company is the exciusive licensee of the T-WALL patent. ©1994, The Neel Company. IN DATE: 18 JAN 94 THE NEEL COMPANY SCALE: aid {8508 TRAFORD LANE TNC JOB#: 000 ‘SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22152 (703) 919-7858 TNCSHEET#: = 1 0F 1 TOP OF WALL \ TOP UNIT |< (HEIGHT Ln VARIES) OO0-++— ae OG sto oo ‘ UNIT SELECT BACKFILL BETWEEN STEMS M5 Gla STEM LENGTH JOINT (TYP) O0004 Srean ney FINISH GRADE o o o gd (FRONT FACE). OHH hg — Oooooo PULA 1/2" HORIZ CONCRETE LEVELING PAD ‘TYPICAL SECTION AT MAXIMUM HEIGHT ‘SCALE: 1"=5 GENERAL NOTES 1. SELECT BACKFILL BETWEEN STEMS: “25% MAXIMUM PASSING #200 SIEVE 95% STANDARD COMPACTION (ASTM D-688) . UNCLASSIFIED BACKFILL: 195% STANDARD COMPACTION (ASTM D-698) HORIZONTAL JOINT: 11/2" EXPANSION JOINT MATERIAL VERTICAL JOINT: +318" # SPACE FILTER CLOTH BACKING CONCRETE LEVELING PAD. ex12" +2500 psi CONCRETE +NO REBAR STOLERANCE - 1/4" IN 10° CONSTRUCTION: *SEE T-WALL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES RETAINING WALL PLAN, ELEVATION & SECTION T-WALL® RETAINING WALL SYSTEMMM BASIS FOR DESIGN DESCRIPTION The T-Wall Retaining Wall System is a gravity structure whose dimensions are bounded by a front plane formed by the facing panels and a back plane formed by the ends of the stems. The system stability is a function of the weight of the concrete units and the select backfill between the stems. The stems have to be long enough at each level to develop a cross section to resist overturning and sliding at that level and ensure soil/structure inter- action. Note that T-Wall is a system that combines the weight of externally stabilized retaining walls with the frictional resistance of internally stabilized systems. You get the best of both systems. STRUCTURE DIMENSIONS ‘-Wall is dimensioned to ensure stability against possible failure by satisfying the following Factors of Safety (FS): “Sliding FS > 15 *Overturning FS = 2.0 in soil (1.5 in rock) “Allowable Bearing Capacity FS 2 2.0- Ultimate Internal Stability (pullout of stems) FS > 15 MINIMUM EMBEDMENT The minimum embedment to the top of the leveling pad is based on bearing capacity, settlement and stability requirements. Other factors for consideration include: scour, prox- imity to slopes, erosion, and future excavation in front of the wall. A minimum horizontal bench four feet wide shall be provided in front of walls founded on slopes. For construction along rivers and streams, embedment depths shall be established at a minimum of two feet below potential scour depth. BEARING PRESSURE The bearing pressure is computed using the Meyerhof distribution, which considered a uniform base pressure distribution over an effective width of footing B' = L - 2e. }<———L 10 ooo0000 Lit yy BEARING PRESSURE eB = L- 20 —»!LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE Earth pressures developed on T-WALL are a function of the type and condition of soil backfill, the slope of the ground surface behind the wall and surcharge loads. Traffic surcharges, if occurring within a horizontal distance of one-half the structure height, shall apply a uniform equivalent pressure on the back of the wall equal to two feet of soil. Traffic surcharge loads shall generate overturning moments, but no equivalent resisting moment. T-WALL is designed as a yielding wall with lateral earth pressures computed using an active stress condition (Ka) defined by Rankine theory. EXTERNAL STABILITY Stability computations are made by assuming that the system acts as a rigid body. This is the same assumption that is made for all mechanically stabilized retaining walls. It is noted that in T-WALL's case there is considerably more containment than in other soil reinforced systems. Lateral pressures using the Rankine theory are computed on a vertical plane from the back of the lowest stem. The coefficient of sliding friction at the base of the wall is tan # of the foun- dation soil. INTERNAL STABILITY The stem length at each level is long enough to resist the horizontal thrust at that level by the unit's weight and by frictional interaction on the stem. The lateral pressure on the stem is computed by multiplying the vertical stress (yH) by the at rest earth pressure (Ko) since no lateral expansion can occur in the soil between the stems. Computations are made at each level to demonstrate that the frictional forces gripping the stem (caused by pressure of the compacted, confined soil between the stems) exceeds any horizontal force acting on the face panel. If the concrete units cannot be pulled out of the soil then the concrete and soil must work together to form a composite gravity mass. Therefore, the soil being retained must move the whole gravity mass (concrete units, soil between the stems and soil over the stems) to overturn or slide the T-WALL structure. SOIL PRESSURE TRYING TO MOVE T-WALL UNIT FRONT FACE OF “= SELECT BACKFILL T-WALL UNIT. BETWEEM STEMS: 5-0" ‘STEM OF T-WALL UNIT ‘SOIL PRESSURE HOLDING T-WALL UNIT IN PLACE TOP VIEW OF T-WALL UNITHI DESIGN Traffic Live Load: q = yh ST oo | oo Oooo ooo faa oooo0 [afeefefafa nt ooooo0o0" wee ||[DODO00000 ° Vian ¢| V+ql=R External Stability Calculation = Factor of Safety Against Overturning (moments about point 0) : FSor- Moments Resisting ___V (44) 22.0 Moments Overturning Fe(HZ) . F (Hs) Factor of Safety Against Sliding : FSq, = LHorizontal Resisting Forces _ V tang . | 5 ‘Horizontal Driving Forces Fe. Fi = friction angle of foundation tan ¢ = coefficient of sliding friction ~ feos ®B- cos 29" Kam ong p 288-058 “8-008 9 cos B + eos ‘B-cos *9" = slope angle above the wall ¢'= friction angle of random backfill Bearing Pressure (Vertical Stress) Calculation Bearing Pressure, ov= ie Eccentricity = (vrata [r(tg)+FH,)] 2 VealESIGN EXAMPLE Ml PROJECT NAMI EXAMPLE CALCULATION WALL NAME: 20 FEET HIGH - TRAFFIC SURCHARGE GRADING GEOMETRY WALL GEOMETRY DISTANCE TO SLOPE (6) = OFT HEIGHT (H) = 20FT FILL SURCHARGE OFT BATTER (a) = 0 DEG DISTANCE TO BREAK OFT BASE (L) = 12FT SLOPE ANGLE () = ODEG TRAFFICSURCHARGE = = 2 FT BACKFILL SPECIFICATIONS SELECT INTERNAL FRICTION (6) Ka=0.307 WEIGHT (9) Ko=0.470 COHESION RANDOM INTERNAL FRICTION (6) Ka =0.333 WEIGHT () COHESION = 0 (assumed) FOUNDATION INTERNAL FRICTION (6) = 30 DEG kp=3.00 FRICTION FACTORS MINIMUM SAFETY FACTORS JOINT MATERIAL TO CONCRETE = 0.59 OVERTURNING 220 SELECT FILL TO CONCRETE SLIDING 215 RANDOM FILL TO CONCRETE PULLOUT 215 FOUNDATION - TAN (#) SHEAR KEY STRENGTH OVERTURNING SAFETY FACTOR = _SUMMOMENTS RESISTING _ = 869.831 = 2.51 2 2.0 ‘SUM MOMENTS OVERTURNING 346,667 SLIDING SAFETY FACTOR = SUMVERTICALLOADSxFRICTIONFACTORS = 83.941. = 1.742 1.5 ‘SUM HORIZONTAL LOADS. 48,000 MAXIMUM BEARING PRESSURE 9,=(V+ql)/(L-26) ‘Sum Vertical Loads = 161,596 Ibs /5' unit e=2.23 9, =4,287psf /f FACTORS OF SAFETY AT EACH LEVEL LEVEL HEIGHT © STEMLENGTH OVERTURNING SLIDING PULLOUT 1 2.50 4.00 689 3.91 8.50 2 5.00 4.00 2.66 228 427 3 7.50 6.00 3.23 229 4.48 4 10.00 6.00 2.05 1.83 4a 5 12.50 8.00 251 1.97 4.95 6 15.00 10.00 2.88 2.09 5.87 7 17.50 10.00 22t 1.84 5.76 8 20.00 12.00 251 174 6.10Hl DESIGN EXAMPLE LEVEL 8 STEMLENGTH = 12 ft hoe 20.00 ft EARTH PRESSURE, TRAFFIC SURCHARGE Pa = 8000.00 pif Pt= 1600.00 pit Feh = 40000.00 ibs. Ft= 8000.00 Ibs. Fev= 0.00 Ibs. FACTOR OF SAFETY - SLIDING CALCULATIONS SUDINGFORCE= 48000.00 Ibs. RESISTING FORCE FRICTION RESISTING WEIGHT FACTOR FORCE SOIL TO SOIL, 126590.10 0.58 72509.48 Fev 0.00 0.58 0.00 THROUGH JOINT MATERIAL 21663.00 0.50 10831.50 SHEAR KEY (SHEAR STRENGTH) 0.00 NA 0.00 EMBEDMENT 0.00 NIA 0.00 TOTAL RESISTING FORCE = 3340.98 SLIDING SAFETY FACTOR FACTOR OF SAFETY - PULLOUT CALCULATIONS PULLOUTFORCE= 6913.32 Ibs. RESISTING FORCE FRICTION RESISTING WEIGHT FACTOR FORCE ON STEM(SOIL TO SOIL IN Aeff) 22060.84 0.62 13785.14 ON STEM (SOIL TO CONCRETE IN Aett) 35001.59 0.50 17545.80 CONC. UNIT WEIGHT (THROUGH JOINT MATERIAL) 21663.00 0.50 40831.50, SHEAR KEY (SHEAR STRENGTH) 0.00 NA 0.00 TOTAL RESISTING FORCE = 42162.44 Aeft = 54.04 sf PULLOUT SAFETY FACTORes DESIGN EXAMPLE Ml FACTOR OF SAFETY - OVERTURNING CALCULATIONS FORCE = MOMENTARM OVERTURNING MOMENT Feh = 4000.00 6.67 266666.67 Ft= 8000.00 10.00 8000.00 OVERTURNING MOMENT = — 346666.67 WEIGHT HORIZ. ARM VERT. ARM RESISTING MOMENT PANELL1 1875.00 0.98 0.00 1543.50 PANELL2 — 1575.00 0.98 0.00 1543.50 PANELL3 1837.00 1.59 0.00 2924.50 PANEL L4 1837.00 1.59 0.00 2924.50 PANELL5 2094.00 2.31 0.00 4837.14 PANELL6 2361.00 3.09 0.00 7295.49 PANELL7 2361.00 3.09 0.00 7295.49 PANELL8 2623.00 3.91 0.00 10255.93 SELECTFILLL1 4740.61 2.25 0.00 10666.38 SELECTFILLL2 4740.61 2.25 0.00 10666.38 SELECTFILLL3 7530.98 3.25 0.00 24475.70 SELECTFILLL4 7530.98 3.25 0.00 24475.70 SELECTFILLLS 1021.36 4.25 0.00 43865,76 SELECTFILLL6 = 1111.73 5.25 0,00 68836,57 SELECTFILLL7 —13111.73 5.25 0.00 68836.57 SELECTFILLL8 —15902.10 6.25 0.00 gogee.12 STEP L2 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 STEPL3 6000.00 5.00 0.00 3000.00 STEP L4 0.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 STEPLS5 — 12000.00 7.00 0.00 8400.00 STEPL6 — 15000.00 9.00 0.00 135000.00 STEP L7 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 STEPL8 — 21000.00 11.00 0.00 231000.00 ‘SURCHARGE 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 Fev 0.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 RESISTING MOMENT = 869831.24 OVERTURNING SAFETY FACTOR=[___2.51]FAS A BARRIER JOINT —| GUTTER LINE ALIGNS WITH (REAR FACE) T-WALL JOINT TOP OF BARRIER Y MARK No. FOR -~— | = ‘SPECIAL UNITS SaSTEao FINISH GRADE (FRONT FACE) a BOTTOM OF WALL PAD/ ad TOP OF BARRIER ; GUTTER LINE i ‘ PRECAST / y ROADWAY : : ORC... —le : BARRIER @}- CLP. GRAVITY SLAB 1/2" HORIZ. / SNTMATL As O00 ° 7. emsesraoe. {TAO i O00 ram SO] BD manor o000 oe valle CONCRETE LEVELING PAD SECTION A-AHE THINK OF THE POSSIBILITIES HlT-WALL® Retaining Wall System DESIGN GUIDE TECHNICAL INFORMATION NX 5 = THE NEEL COMPANY CONCRETE SYSTEMS, INC. Engineered Precast Products o 14 Park Avenue 8328-D Traford Lane Hudson, New Hampshire 03051 Springfield, Virginia 22152 603-889-4163 703-913-7858 FAX 603-889-2417 FAX 703-913-7859 www.csigroup.com www.neelco.com