Giáo trình hướng dẫn sử dụng autocard 2007

1
Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Tr
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng
i H c Qu c gia H N i - H c vi n vnskills
Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007.
Ng i so n th o: KS Nguy n H i H ng.
CH
NG I
PH N I
GI I THI U AUTOCAD 2007

(Computer-Aided Design [computer aide design] ho c Computer-Aided Drafting
[computer aide]
v thi t k v i s tr gip c a my tnh)
CC THAO TC C N THI T
I.1. Kh i ng AutoCAD 2007
kh i ng AutoCAD 2007, ta c th th c hi n theo cc cch sau:
Double click vo bi u t ng trn mn hnh n n.
Click theo
ng d n Start\programs\Auto Desk\AutoCAD 2007 \
AutoCAD 2007.
Hnh 1.1. Mn hnh AutoCad khi m i kh i
ng
Ch : N u h p tho i Create New Drawing khng xu t hi n ta th c hi n nh

sau: Trn thanh Menu ch n Tools\Options\System. Ch n Show Startup
dialog /Apply/ok. Hay nh p vo dng l nh (gi tr bi n l 1).
Command: Filedia
Enter new value for FILEDIA <1>:
Thng th ng ch n Metric/ Ok
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Cross
Menubar
Cross
Toolbar
Command
Graphics
UCSicon
Status
Hnh 1.2. Mn hnh
h a AutoCAD 2007
Hnh 1.3. Graphics Area - Vng th c hi n b n v

Menu Bar
: Thanh ch a cc l nh File, Edit, View,
Status Line
: Dng tr ng thi (hi n th cc tr ng thi nh : Grip,Snap).
Command Line : Dng l nh (nh p cc m nh l nh v vo dng ny).
UCSicon
: Bi u t ng h t a .
Toolbar
: Thanh cng c (ch a nhi u bi u t ng, m i bi u t ng l
nh trong toolbar).
Cross-hair
: Giao m c a hai s i tc theo ph ng X v Y.
Cursor
: Con ch y
Screen Menu
: Danh m c (theo m c nh danh m c ny khng m ).
t t
hay m th c hi n nh sau: Trn menu Bar ch n Tool/ Options/ Display/ ch n
Display screen menu.
Ch :
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Ch in hoa: Tn menu
Ch
u in hoa sau c d u hai ch m: Tn l nh
Ch
u in hoa sau khng c d u hai ch m: Tn l a ch n
(t dng
n Screen Menu v khng thu n ti n).
Hnh 1.4. Graphics Area - Vng th c hi n b n v

I.2. L u tr
I.2.1. L u b n v v i tn m i
Khi m m t b n v m i v , ta nn t tn ngay, b ng cch:
* Trn thanh Menu
: Ch n File\Save as
* T bn phm
: Nh n t h p phm Crtl-Shift-S
KS Nguy n H i H ng
* T dng Command
: G vo saveas (ho c saveas) sau ch n
th m c c n l u, t tn v ch n save trong h p tho i.
ng d n,
Hnh 1.5. H p tho i Save Drawing As

I.2.2. L u b n v c tn s n
* Trn thanh Standard Toolbar : Click vo bi u t ng <
* T bn phm
: Nh n Ctrl + S
* Trn thanh Menu
: Ch n File\Save
* T dng Command
: G vo save sau ch n save trong h p tho i
I.3. Thot kh i AutoCAD 2007
Ta c th th c hi n theo cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Menu
: Ch n File\Exit
* T bn phm
: Nh n t h p phm Ctrl-Q ho c vo bi u t ng
X bn gc ph i mn hnh hay nh n t h p phm Alt + F4
* T dng Command
: G vo ch Quit hay Exit
I.4. Gi i thi u h p tho i Startup
Hnh 1.6. h p tho i Startup
I.4.1. Ch n Open a Drawing bi u t

n.
ng
KS Nguy n H i H ng
trong h p tho i: M b n v c
I.4.2. Ch n Start from Scratch bi u t ng

ch n Metric b n v m i c n
l mm v kch th c 420 x 297, ch n Imperial n v
c tnh l Inch c
kch th c l 12 x 9.
Hnh 1.7. h p tho i Startup

I.4.3. Ch n Use a Template cho php s d ng b n v m u c s n c a AutoCad
2007.
Hnh 1.8. Ch n Use a Wizard b n t xc
nh kch th
cb nv .
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 1.9. Ch n Advanced Setup/ Ok (b n ch n tu n t nh trong hnh).

Trong h p tho i Advanced Setup, th Units ch n Decimal ph n Precision ch n
0.00. Ti p ch n Next, th Angle c d ng
Hnh 1.10. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Units)
Hnh 1.11. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Angle)
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Ch n nh trong hnh, ti p ch n next th Angle Mesuse
Hnh 1.12. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Angle Measuse)

Th Angle Measuse ch n h ng ng (East).
Ti p ch n next th Angle Direction
Hnh 1.13. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Angle Direction)

Th ny ch n ch u quay:
Hnh 1.14. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Area)
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Ch n Counter - Clockwise ng c chi u quay kim

ng h ch n
Clockwise cng chi u quay kim ng h .
Ti p ch n next th Area. Th ny ch n kch th c kh gi y v v nh gi y
ngang hay ng, sau ch n Finish.
Ch n Quick Setup.
I.4.4. Ch n nhanh kch th c v n v trang v / Ok
Hnh 1.15. H p tho i Create new drawing.

p tho i Quick Setup xu t hi n, trong th Units h p tho i ny ch n
b n v , sau khi ch n x ng b n ch n next.
Hnh 1.16. H p tho i Quick Setup th Units

p tho i Quick Setup th Are ch n kch th c trang v / sau khi ch n
n Click vo Finish.
Hnh 1.17. H p tho i QuickSetup
Hnh 1.18. H p tho i Select File

(H p tho i open)
KS Nguy n H i H ng
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
PH N II
GI I THI U KHI QUT

II.1. Thanh tiu
(Title bar): Th hi n tn b n v
- V tr c a Title bar nh hnh
- Nt u khi n mn hnh: N m bn tri hay bn ph i thanh tiu
nh
Hnh 1.19. Thanh tiu

II.2. Thanh trnh
n (Menu bar): (Th d trnh
n Edit)
Hnh 1.20. Ch n trnh n Edit

Trn Menu bar c nhi u trnh n, n u ta ch n m t trnh n no , th
t trnh n th (Full Down Menu) s hi n ra ta ch n l nh k ti p.
II.3. Thanh cng c chu n. (Standard Toolbar)
Hnh 1.21. Thanh Standard

Hi n th thanh Standard b ng cch: Right click vo m t bi u t
thanh b t k , ch n thanh cng c c n dng Th d nh hnh bn d i.
ng trn
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Right click v tr b t k
trn thanh Standard
(th d t i v )
Hnh 1.22. Hi n th Thanh Standard

II.4. Thanh thu c tnh (Properties)
Hnh 1.23. Thanh thu c tnh

Hi n th thanh Object Properties b ng cch:
Menu: Ch n View\Toolbars.... H p tho i Toolbar m ra: click vo Object
Properties (nh hnh 1.22).
II.5. Dng l nh. (Command line)
Hnh 1.24. Dng l nh

Ta th c hi n l nh b ng cch g t bn phm vo dng command ny.
C th hi n th s dng Command b ng cch:
* Co dn tr c ti p trn vng Command
a chu t vo c nh trn c a vng
Command gi chu t tri r
c kho ng cch tu ch n.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.6. Thanh tr ng thi (Status bar)
Hnh 1.25. Thanh tr ng thi

Cho ta bi t t a
m v trn thanh ny c ng c cc ch
GRID, ORTHO, OSNAP, ... s
c p sau.
SNAP,
II.7. Vng Menu mn hnh (Screen Menu)

Vng Screen Menu c ng c ch c n ng nh thanh Menu chnh v n u
c hi n
th n s n m bn ph i mn hnh AutoCAD. Hi n th vng Screen Menu b ng
cch:
thanh Menu: ch n Tools\Preferences. H p tho i Options m ra, ch n
Display. Sau click Display Screen menu.
Hnh 1.26. Scren Menu
II.8. Cc thanh cu n (Scroll bars )

Hi n th cc thanh cu n b ng cch:
- T thanh Menu: Ch n Tools\Options.
- Trong h p tho i Options, ch n th Display. Sau click ch n dng Display
Scroll bars in Drawing window.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 1.27. H p tho i Options

II.9. Con tr (Cursor) v Vng v (Drawing Window)
- Cursor: Th hi n v tr
mv
trn mn hnh. Bnh th ng cursor c d ng
hnh vung (box) v 2
ng th ng tr c giao (crosshair) i tm hnh vung. Khi
hi u ch nh i t ng, cursor c d ng box.
u ch nh
di hai s i tc b ng
cch vo Tools\ Options. H p tho i Options m ra, ch n Display sau g vo
ch d di hai s i tc (th d 50) trong khung Crosshair size Vng v l vng
ta s th hi n cc i t ng v .
Hnh 1.28. Con tr Cursor
Thay
II.10. Thay i mu vng v

i mu vng v v Crosshair b ng cch:
- Trn Menu bar vo Tools\Options.
- Trong h p tho i Options, ch n Display.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng

Ch n Colors. H p tho i Drawing Window Clors nh hnh (a,b)
Context Ch n 2D model space Interface element ch n Unifrom background
(thay i mu n n vng v ), r i click vo Color ch n mu ta thch sau ch n
Aplly & close. (Hnh a). Mu m c nh c a AutoCAD (Default Colors) l mu
en (black).
V: - Context Ch n Sheet/ Layout.
- Interface element ch n Unifrom background, r i click vo color ch n
mu ta thch (Hnh.b) Sau ch n Aplly & close.
Hnh.a
Hnh.b
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CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG II
CH C B N V
Khi kh i ng AutoCAD, nh c p trong ch ng tr c, h p tho i
Creating New Drawing s hi n ra, sau khi l a ch n m t trnh no , ta c th
ngay. Nh ng t t nh t l ta nn t tn v l u vo th m c. Sau : xc nh
cc thng s c n thi t cho b n v . V d : kch th c gi y v , n v , t l ...
c
i l t ch c b n v . Cc b c t ch c th hi n nh sau:
II.1. NH N V B N V
- T Pull-down Menu: Format / Units
- T Command: Units ho c (Ddunits)
C 5 l a ch n n v o chi u di v 5 l a ch n n v o gc.
1. o chi u di (Length)
Type (danh sch cc n v ) Scientific {khoa h c; c tnh khoa h c}, Decimal {th p
phn}, Engineering {khoa h c ho c ngh nghi p c a k s }, Architectural {ki n trc} v
Fractional {phn s } (TCVN ch n Decimal)
Precision (danh sch
chnh xc ho c s th p phn c ngh a ta ch n 0
ho c 0.0000)
2. o gc(Angle)
Decimal Degrees, Deg/Min/Sec. Grads, Radians v Surveyor ( n v c a a
chnh) Sau khi ch n xong click Ok.
Thng th ng
n v o chi u di ch n Decimant, n v o
gc ch n
Deg/Min/Sec
Hnh 2.1. H p tho i Drawing Units va h p tho i Direction Control

II.2. D ng
nv
o chi u di (Units)
Hnh 2.2. H p tho i Drawing Units

1. Architectural: o theo foot v inch; ph n
inch th hi n d i d ng h n s .
2. Decimal: o theo d ng th p phn.
3. Engineering: o theo foot v inch; ph n
inch th hi n d i d ng th p phn. N u ta ch n
t trong 2 d ng Engineering v Architectural
th AutoCAD xem 1 n v v ( n v ta nh p
16
vo) l 1 inch, ngh a l khi ta nh p kch th

n v , AutoCAD s hi u theo inch.
4. Scientific: o theo d ng l y th a.
5. Fractional: o theo d ng h n s .
II.3. D ng
nv
KS Nguy n H i H ng
it
ng v m khng km theo
o gc (Angles)
Hnh 2.3. o gc (Angles)

1. Decimal Degrees : o theo
th p phn c a gc.
2. Deg/Min/Sec
: o theo
pht giy c a gc.
3. Grads
: o theo gradient th p phn c a gc.
4. Radians
: o theo radian th p phn c a gc.
5. Surveyor
: o theo gc nh h ng trong Tr c l ng.
o gc
c th hi n theo /(pht)/(giy) km theo h
nhin gc th hi n theo d ng Surveyor s nh h n ho c b ng 900.
II.4. Direction (ph
ng
ng,
ng
ng)
Hnh 2.4. o ph ng h ng (Direction control)

u ta click vo ty ch n Direction. H p tho i Direction control s m ra
nh hnh trn.
Trong :
- East
: Chi u d ng tr c x lm chu n tnh gc 0.
- North
: Chi u d ng tr c y lm chu n tnh gc 0.
- Wes
: Chi u m tr c x lm chu n tnh gc 0.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
- South
: Chi u m tr c y lm chu n tnh gc 0.
- Other
: N u ch n ty ch n ny, cho php ta ch n gc 0 l m t gc b t k
(ta c th g tr c ti p vo dng angle ho c ch n pick.
Hnh 2.5. H p tho i Direction control

- Clockwise: Ch n ty ch n ny, gc d ng s l chi u thu n chi u kim
.
c nhin AutoCAD, khng ch n Clockwise v gc 0 theo East.
ng
Hnh 2.6. H p tho i Drawing Units.

II.5. H S T L V GI I H N B N V
II.5.1. H s t l (Scale Factor)
Scale factor chnh l m u s c a t l b n v ta mu n nh.
V d : B n v t l 1/10 th Scale factor s l: Scale factor = 10
Scale factor khng ph i l m t l nh c l p c a AutoCAD m n s xu t hi n
khi ta th c hi n l nh MvSetup.
II.5.2. L nh Mvsetup
nh Mvsetup dng
t ch c cc v n
b n v nh : ch n h
nv,t
chung cho b n v v kh gi y v hi n th trn mn hnh ...
g i l nh Mvsetup:
dng Command: Mvsetup
AutoCAD s hi n ra cc thng bo sau: Initializing...
Enable paper space? [ No/Yes ]: N
Dng ny ta ch n n, ngh a l NO, ta ch n khng gian ta th ng v nh t.
Enter units type [ Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric ]: m
Dng ny yu c u ta ch n n v cho b n v , n u ta ch n l m (Metric) th m t
n v ta nh p vo s t ng ng v i 1 mm.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 2.7a. H p tho i Mvsetup.

Enter the scale factor: 10
Dng ny yu c u ta ch n scale factor (t l ) b n v , n u b n v c nhi u t l , ta
ch n scale factor l t l c m u s l n nh t. V d : B n v ta c 3 t l : 1/1;
1/2; 1/10, ta s ch n scale factor = 10.
Hnh 2.7b. H p tho i Mvsetup.

Enter the paper width: 297 Dng ny yu c u ta ch n b r ng kh gi y v .
Enter the paper height: 210 Dng ny yu c u ta ch n chi u cao kh gi y v .
(B n c th ch n kch th c kh gi y nh ph n trn)
Hnh 2.7c. H p tho i Mvsetup.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.5.3. Gi i h n b n v (Drawing Limits) (ch n kch th c kh gi y)

Gi i h n b n v th c hi n l nh LIMITS, l b n m thu c hai kch th c
ngang v d c (t c l hnh ch nh t) trong h t a (WCS).
Gi i h n mn hnh c ng chi ph i cc l nh GRID v SNAP n u 2 l nh ny
c
. Gi i h n mn hnh gip ta c th ki m sot
c vng v , r t ti n l i trong
vi c v t do chuy n sang ph n m m Word.
- Trn thanh Menu chnh: Ch n Format\Drawing Limits
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:
Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 297,210
Trong :
+ ON: Ki m tra mi n v .
+ OFF: B qua ki m tra mi n v .
+ Lower left corner <0.0000,0.0000>: Xc nh t a
gc tri d i mn
hnh. M c nh c a AutoCAD l t a
(0.0000,0.0000), ta c th nh l i t a
ny.
+ Upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: Xc nh t a
gc ph i trn
mn hnh <420,297> (kch th c kh gi y, m c nh 420x297), ta c th nh l i
a
ny.
Ty theo t l c a b n v v kh gi y v m ta s thi t l p l nh LIMITS
thch h p. Gc ph i trn gi i h n mn hnh lc ny s b ng: Kh gi y nhn v i
us c ah s t l .
II.6. CC H TH NG T A
II.6.1. Cc bi u t ng c a h th ng t a
Hnh 2.8a. H t a
WCS
Hnh 2.8b. H t a UCS
Trong AutoCAD, h th ng t a
c
nh g i l h WCS (World
Coordinate System) c g c t a
t t i g c (0,0), gc tri mi n v , bi u
ng ny th hi n nh hnh. H th ng t a
c g i l t a
tuy t i. T h
th ng t a
ny, n u ta thay i v tr g c t a
sang m t v tr m i, ta g i
l h th ng t a
c a ng i s d ng UCS (User Coordinate System).
- hi n th bi u t ng h th ng t a UCS, ta th c hi n nh sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Ucsicon
Enter an option [ ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/properties ] <ON >: on
Trong :
+ ON: Th hi n bi u t ng UCS.
+ OFF: Khng th hi n bi u t ng UCS.
+ All: AutoCAD th hi n bi u t
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng trong t t c cc Viewports ang ho t
ng.
+ Noorigin: Lun t UCS t i gc tri mn hnh.
+ ORigin: t UCS t i g c t a .
Ch : Ucsicon c ng l bi n h th ng; n u Ucsicon = 1, m ; n u Ucsicon = 0,
t t; n u Ucsicon = 2, Ucs t t i g c t a .
II.6.2. nh v l i h th ng t a
UCS
Vi c nh l i h th ng t a
UCS l r t c n thi t, nh t l trong mi
tr ng 3D, ch ng h n khi ta v mi nh, vi c a UCS v m t ph ng mi nh l
t c n thi t (z=0).
AutoCAD cung c p cho ta nhi u hnh th c nh v l i h th ng t a , ty
tr ng h p c th m ta v n d ng cc ty ch n thch h p.
- Nh p vo t dng Command: UCS
Khi UCS
c kh i ng, AutoCAD s
a ra cc ty ch n sau:
Command: UCS
Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
<World>:
Trong :
u nh p N xu t hi n dng:
Specify origin of new UCS or [Zaxis/3Point/oBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z ] <0,0,0>:
+ Origin : nh l i m g c t a .
+ Zaxis : Cho php nh l i t a
c a tr c z.
+ 3point : nh l i h th ng t a
b ng 3 m.
m th nh t : nh g c t a .
m th hai : nh chi u d ng tr c x.
m th ba : nh chi u d ng tr c y.
+ Object : Ch n m t
m no trn i t ng c s n v t g c t a
vo m .
+ View : t h th ng t a
th ng gc v i m nhn.
+X
: Cho php quay h th ng t a
quanh tr c x.
+Y
quanh tr c y.
+Z
quanh tr c z.
+ Prev : Tr v h th ng t a
nh tr c .
+ Restore : G i l i h th ng t a
l u tr
+ Save : L u tr h th ng t a
+ Del
: Xa b h th ng t a
l u tr khi khng mu n s d ng
a.
+?
: Li t k cc h th ng t a
l u tr
+ <World>: Tr v WCS, m c nh N u khng nh l i t o b n nh p
vo ch W (World).
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II.7.
A I M
AutoCAD xc nh v tr
th ng t a
c c. Vi c nh p t a
tuy t i v t a
t ng i.
KS Nguy n H i H ng
i t ng theo h th ng t a
Descartes v h
vo AutoCAD c 2 hnh th c chnh: T a
II.7.1. T a
tuy t i (Absolute coordinates)
tr m
c xc nh c n c vo m g c c a h th ng t a .
1. V i h t a
Descartes. T a
m
c xc nh theo x v y;
- x: Kho ng cch theo tr c x c a m ang xt so v i g c t a .
- y: Kho ng cch theo tr c y c a m ang xt so v i g c t a .
Khi nh p t a
theo d ng ny, th gi a x v y cch nhau m t d u ph y (,)
Th d : Khi c n nh p m t
m A no cch g c t a
1
n theo ph ng x
l 10 n v v theo ph ng y m t
n 20 n v theo chi u m tr c y, t c l
m c t a tuy t i (x= 10 ; y= -20), ta nh p nh sau:
From point: 10,-20
2. V i h th ng t a
c c.
a
m
c xc nh theo chi u di c c v gc c c; gi a chi u di
c v gc c c
c ng n cch b i d u nh h n (<).
Th d :
m B c n nh p c chi u di c c l 65 (kho ng cch theo ph ng x
gi a
m ang xt v g c t a ) v gc c c l 450 (so v i ph ng ngang x), ta
nh p nh sau:
From point: 65<45
II.7.2. T a
t ng i (Relative coordinates)
a
t ng i l t a
c a m ang xt so v i t a
c a m li n
tr c ,
m ny AutoCAD g i l Lastpoint. bo cho AutoCAD bi t ta
ang s d ng t a
t ng i, ta ph i thm vo k hi u a cng: (@) tr c khi
nh p t a .
V d :
-V ih t a
vung gc (Descartes) ( m A(10,20) k
n AB n m ngang
c
di l 50, ( m A(10,20) nh p nh sau:
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 10,20
Specify next point or [Undo]: @50,0
-V ih t a
c c: K
n AB c
m A (10,20)
di l 65 v h p v i tr c x m t gc 450
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 10,20
Specify next point or [Undo]: @65<45
Ngoi vi c xc nh
m b ng cch nh p t a
t bn phm, ta c th dng
chu t
ch nh, d nhin r t kh chnh xc. kh c ph c
u ny, AutoCAD
cung c p cho ta nh ng cng c h tr (Drafting tools).
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.8. CNG C TR GIP (Drafting Tools)

AutoCAD cung c p nh ng cng c tr gip v
ta d dng trong vi c t
ch c c ng nh
y nhanh t c
khi v , bao g m cc l nh sau:
- Grid
: Gn m t l i m trn b n v .
- Snap
: Gn b c nh y con tr .
- Coords : Th hi n t a
trn mn hnh.
- Ortho
: Ch
th ng gc.
Hnh 2.9. H p tho i Drafting Settings

Grid, Snap v Ortho c th
c nh qua h p tho i Drafting Settings nh
hnh trn.
g i Drafting Settings, ta c th ch n m t trong cc cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Ddrmodes
- T Menu chnh: ch n Tools\ Drafting Settings
II.8.1. Grid ( l i )
o m t l i cho b n v , gip xc nh t a
d dng b ng chu t hay
ng bn phm. t t/ m Grid, ta c th ch n nh ng cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Grid (r i ch n On hay Off ).
- Ch n Grid trong h p tho i Drafting Settings.
Ta c th ch n m c l i theo d ng vung hay ch nh t. B ng cch ch n
trong h p tho i Drafting Settings.
c Grid spacing: Ch n gi tr Grid X v Grid Y.
II.8.2. Snap
o b c nh y con tr , m t cng c xc nh
m t ng i chnh xc,
th ng dng k t h p v i Grid trong vi c h tr v .
t t/ m Snap, ta c th ch n cc cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Snap (r i ch n On hay Off ).
- Ch n Snap trong h p tho i Drafting Settings.
Sau khi kh i ng Snap, AutoCAD yu c u xc nh cc ty ch n sau:
Command: Snap
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Style/Type] <10.0000>:

Trong :
t s ty ch n c ngh a nh Grid
+ Style: Lo i Snap chu n.
II.8.3. Coords (Coordinate Display)
t/m ch
mn hnh,
c t trong thanh tr ng thi (Status bar), n m
i y mn hnh, Default l m (On).
Th c hi n l nh theo cc cch sau:
- Nh p p vo th hi n t a
trn thanh tr ng thi
- Nh p vo t dng Command : Coords( r i ch n 1 (ON) hay 0 (OFF)
II.8.4. Ch
th ng gc (Ortho)
o nh ng
ng th ng song song hay th ng gc v i h tr c t a
hi n l nh b ng cc cch sau:
- Nh p p vo Ortho trn thanh tr ng thi
- Nh n F8
- Nh n Ctrl+L
. Th c
II.9. Trnh t thi t l p b n v kh A4 ngang

Sau khi m ch ng trnh AutoCAD 2007. T i dng nh c Command ta
nh p vo:
Command: LIMITS . t gi i h n kh gi y
Reset Model space limits:
Spesify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000> :
Spesify upper riget corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 297,210
Command : ZOOM thu b n v v a trong ph m vi mn hnh
Specify corner of windaw, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP) ,or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extens/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: A
Regenerating model
Command: UNITS Xc nh cc n v o
Xu t hi n h p tho i Drawing Units thi t l p cc
nh n Direction xc nh h ng b n v nh hnh:
n v nh hnh sau
24
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 2.10. H p tho i Drawing Units

Command: LINETYPE
p nt v ,
ng tm,
Xu t hi n h p tho i Linetype Manager
Ch n Show all linetypes, ch n Load v ch n lo i
ng khu t
ng, nt. Ch n OK
Hnh 2.11. H p tho i linetypes.

- Command: LTSCALE xc nh t l b n v
Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>: 1.1
Regenerting model
- Command: DIMSTYLE t ki u kch th c
Xu t hi n h p tho i Dimension Style Manager
+ Nh n vo nt New xu t hi n h p tho i Create New Dimension Style.
t tn
cho ki u kch th c trong h p New Style Name
+ Nh n nt Continue h p tho i xu t hi n. Ch n th Symbols and Arrows v
ch n nh hnh (ho c tu khai bo theo yu c u) ch n ti p cc th khai bo nh
hnh:
25
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 2.12. H p tho i Dimension Style Manager.
Hnh 2.12a. H p tho i Dimension Style Manager.
Hnh 2.12b. H p tho i Dimension Style Manager.
26
CH
CC B
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG III
C, L NH V C
B N
I. CC PH
NG PHP NH P TO
THNG TH
NG
I.1. To
tuy t i
L tr s th c c a to
x, y, z so v i g c O ( b n v 2D b qua tr s z)
I.2. To
c c tuy t i
To
c c th hi n b i bn knh D v gc quay. To
c c
c nh p
nh sau D < p
A
D
0,0
ng chuan
P
Hnh 3.1. T a
c c tuy t i
I.3. To
c c t ng i
L to
so v i
m
c ch nh tr c .
lm vi c v i to
ng i c n ph i thm @ tr c gi tr to
.
Th d : @ X2, Y 2 so v i m tr c l (X1, Y 1) lm g c.
P3(@100<-120)
12
0
100
100
60
P1(@100<0)
120
P2(@100<120)
100
Hnh 3.2. T a
c ct
ng
50
I.4. Cho kho ng cch

d ng b ng cch k t h p v i ORTHO ch
ON, Grid v Snap ch
Off
Th d : V hnh ch nh t 100 x 50
C php:
Command: Line
Line specify first point <ch n m D1 t k >
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 < ng th i ko chu t sang ph i> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 50 < ng th i ko chu t ln> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 < ng th i ko chu t sang tri> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 50 < ng th i ko chu t xu ng> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo] <Enter>
D1: Chon bat ky
100
Hnh 3.3. T a
c c tuy t
27
- Thanh Toolbar Draw v cc bi u t
ng:
Xline
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Revision Cloud Ellipse Arc

Hatch and Gradient
Polygon Arc
Ellipse
Block Hatch
Table
Line Pline Rectang Circle
Spline
Insert Point
Region
Dtext
Hnh 3.4. Thanh cng c Toolbar Draw

II. CC L NH V C B N
II.1. V
n th ng
Cng d ng: Dng v cc i t ng l
n th ng
n th ng (c nt m n nh t c b r ng nt l 0 (zero).
Th c hi n l nh Line nh sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Line (hay L)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Line
- Trn Menu mn hnh: Line
C php l nh
Command: L < Enter >
Line specify first point < ch n m P1 t k trong gi i h n v >
Specify next point or [Undo]: <Ch n m ti p theo >
Specify next point or [Close/Undo] <ch n m ti p theo, ho c g vo C>
<Enter>
u g C: ng kn
ng g p khc
U hay Undo: H y b m t l nh v v a th c hi n.
Th d :
Dng l nh Line v hnh ch nh t c kch th c 150x100.
Command: LINE
P4(@-150,0)
P3(@0,100)
100
Specify first point: Ch n P1 b t k

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-150,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
k t thc l nh Line nh n Enter.
P1 Chon bat ky
150
Hnh 3.5. T a
P2(@150,0)
c ct
ng
Ch :
- Khi ta nh p m b ng t a , ph i Enter xc nh n v i AutoCAD.
- Khi ta nh p m b ng click mouse trn mn hnh, th khng s d ng Enter sau
i l n click.
- T i v tr nh p: N u ta nh p vo k t C (Close) cc
n th ng s khp kn l i
o thnh a gic, m u n i v i m cu i v ng th i k t thc l nh Line.
28
KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.2. V n a
n th ng
Cng d ng: dng v cc i t ng l n a
n th ng Th c hi n l nh Ray
nh sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Ray (hay L)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Ray
- Trn Menu mn hnh: Line
C php l nh
Command: Ray <Enter> <
ng
c gi i h n m t u>
Specify strat point: <Ch n m b t u>
Specify through point: <Ch n m i qua>
Specify through point: <Ch n m i qua>
Specify through point: <Enter> <Ch n ti p s c d ng hnh nan qu t>
k t thc l nh Line nh n Enter.
P2
Th d :
nan qu t nh hnh
P3
P1
P4
Hnh 3.6. Hnh nan qu t

II.3. V
ng th ng
ng th ng
Th c hi n l nh XLine nh sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: XLine (hay XL)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\XLine
- Trn Menu mn hnh: Construction Line
C php l nh
Command: XL < Enter >
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:
Ty theo ph ng c a
ng th ng m b n g vo ch HOA u vo dng nh
< Enter >
Cc ch n l a:
- Hor
:T o
ng n m ngang.
- Ver
:T o
ng th ng ng.
- Ang : T o
ng c gc h p v i
ng chu n (n u g A hi n dng nh
ti p theo).
Enter angle of xline ( 0 ) or [ Reference ]:
u < Enter >: Gc b ng 0 tr v l a ch n nh Hor
Nh p gc b n c
ng nhging
G Reference xu t hi n ti p dng nh c:
Select a line <ch n
ng tham chi u> (
ng v c d ng copy l i
ng v
ch n).
- Bisect: V
ng phn gic c a m t gc
c xc nh b i 3
m (xu t hi
dng nh c).
Specify angle vertex point: <Ch n m g c>;
Specify angle start point: <Ch n m c nh th nh t>;
a
n
29
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Specify angle end point: <Ch n m c nh th hai>;

Specify angle end point: <Enter > <k t thc>.
- Offset: T o
ng song song v i
ng c
II.4. V
ng trn (Circle)
ng trn
Th c hi n l nh Circle nh sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command : Circle (hay C)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Circle
- Trn Menu mn hnh nt Ciecle
C php l nh
Command: Circle <Enter>
Specify center point for circel or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
n c cc cch v :
Hnh 3.7. H p tho i v

1. V
ng trn (Circle)
ng trn tm v bn knh (center, radius)
Command: Circle (ho c C)

CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Xc
a
tm Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: 50
R50
Center
10
0
Center
Radius
Hnh 3.8. V
ng trn
bi t tm v bn knh
Diameter
Hnh 3.9. V
bi t tm v
ng trn
ng knh
nh
30
2. V
ng trn tm v
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng knh (center, radius)

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Xc nh t a
tm.
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: D - Ch n lo i
ng knh.
Specify diameter of circle <100.0000>: Nh p 100: (xc nh
ng knh).
3.
ng trn i qua 3 i m

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3P
Specify first point on circle:
Xc nh m th nh t
ng trn i qua.
Specify second point on circle: Xc nh m th hai
ng trn i qua.
Specify third point on circle:
Xc nh m th ba
ng trn i qua.
Hnh 3.10
4.
Hnh 3.11
ng trn i qua 2 i m (2P).

Specify first end point of circle's diameter: Xc
nh
Specify second end point of circle's diameter: Xc

knh.
5. V
ng trn ti p xc v i hai
it
m th 1 trn
nh
ng knh
m th 2 trn
ng v bn knh R (tan tan Radius)

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Ttr.
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Ch n i t ng th nh t.
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Ch n i t ng th hai.
Specify radius of circle <> \ : Xc nh bn knh
Hnh 3.12
Ch :
ng
Hnh 3.13
31
KS Nguy n H i H ng
l p l i l nh v a th c hi n ta nh n phm Enter ho c Space bar.

nh p to
cc m ta dng ph ng th c truy b t m (h c ph n sau).
- Nh p @ t ng
V d : S d ng to
ng v i @0,0
c c t ng i, to
ng
i v cc
Command: CIRCLE
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle
or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
ng trn.
R50
C3
03
R50
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: 50

Command: CIRCLE
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or
C1
01
02
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @100,0
100

Command: C CIRCLE Specify center point for
Hnh 3.14
circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ttr

Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Ch n
ng trn 1
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Ch n
ng trn 2
Specify radius of circle <50.0000>: 50
II.5. V cung trn (l nh ARC)
AutoCAD cung c p cho chng ta 11 hnh th c
v cung trn, ty theo
yu c u b n v ta c th s d ng m t trong cc ph ng php sau:
+ Trn thanh Draw
: Click vo m t trong cc bi u t ng c a Arc
+ Trn dng Command
: Arc hay A
+ Trn Menu chnh
: Draw/ Arc
1. Cung trn i qua 3
m (3 Point)
Command: Arc (ho c A)

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nh p to
u c a cung P1
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Nh p to

Specify end point of arc: Nh p to
m P2
m cu i c a cung P3
Ch : V i hnh th c ny ta c th v theo chi u kim

2. V cung trn v i
u, tm,
ng h hay ng
c l i.
m cu i (Start, Center, End)

uS
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C

Specify center point of arc: Nh p to
tm
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: Nh p to
m cu i E
C2
32
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 3.16. Start, Center, End
Hnh 3.15. points
3. V cung trn v i
m u, tm v gc tm (Start, Center, Angle)
Trong Arc gc
c nh ngh a l gc c nh l tm c a cung ch n b i
m u v
m cu i cng, n u gc c gi tr d ng AutoCAD s v theo
chi u ng c kim ng h v ng c l i.
u c a Arc
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C Ch n Center

Specify center point of arc: @-100, 0 Nh p to
tm c a Arc
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A Ch n Angle

Specify included angle: 72 Nh p s o gc ch n cung
4. V cung trn v i
m u, tm v chi u di dy cung (Start, Center,
chord Length)
Dy cung (Length) l
n th ng n i v i
m u v
m cu i c a
cung, AutoCAD s v theo chi u ng c kim ng h , n u chi u di dy cung
l d ng (t
m ut i
m cu i) v ng c l i, tr ng h p ny cho cung c
chi u di ng n nh t.
u cung S
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C Ch n Center

tm cung C
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: L Ch n di dy cung
Specify length of chord: Nh p
di dy cung
Hnh 3.17. Start, Center, Angle

5. V cung trn v i
u,
Hnh 3.18. Start, Center, Length

m cu i v bn knh (Start, End,)

uS
33
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Ch n End

m cu i E
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: R
Ch n Radius Specify radius of arc: Nh p
di bn knh Cung trn
ng c chi u kim ng h .
6. V cung trn v i
u,
m cu i v gc
cv
tm (Start, End, Angle)

uS

m cu i E
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: A
Ch n Angle Specify included angle: Nh p gi tr gc tm
Hnh 3.20
Hnh 3.19
7. V cung trn v i
m u,
m cu i v h
m b t u (Start, End, Direction)
Hnh 3.21
ng ti p tuy n c a cung t i

uS

m cu i E
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: D Ch n Direction
Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: Ch n h
u.
8. V cung trn v i tm,
u,
u v gc

Length)
ng ti p xc v i
m cu i (Center, Start, End)

tm (Center, Start, Angle)
u v chi u di dy cung (Center, Start,
* V cung trn n i ti p v i
n th ng hay cung trn tr c
Gi s tr c khi ta th c hi n l nh Arc ta v
n th ng hay cung trn, ta
mu n v m t cung trn n i ti p n
Specify start point of arc or [Center]:
34
KS Nguy n H i H ng
m cu i
Hnh 3.22
Hnh 3.23
Cung trn v a v ti p xc v i
n th ng ho c cung trn tr c .
V d 1: Th c hi n b n v d i y
Command: LINE
Specify first point: Ch n P1 b t k
Specify
next
point
or
[Undo]:
Command: A
Hnh 3.24
ARC Specify start point of arc or
[Center]: @
Specify second point of arc
or [Center/End]: C
Specify center point
of arc: @30,0
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A
Specify included angle: -90
Command: LINE
Specify first point: @0,30
Specify next point or [Undo]: @-110,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
@0,-70
Specify
next
point
or
[Close/Undo]:
V d 2:
d ng l nh Line v Arc
v hnh sau:
Hnh 3.25
II.6. V a tuy n (Polyline)
Cng d ng: Dng v nh ng hnh t p h p cc
khc,
ng,
n th ng, cung, g p
35
KS Nguy n H i H ng
v a tuy n ta c th th c hi n m t trong cc cch sau:

+ Trn thanh Draw
: Click vo bi u t ng c a Polyline
+ Trn dng Command
: Pline hay Pl
+ Trn Menu chnh
: Draw/ Polyline
nh Pline th c hi n nhi u ch c n ng h n l nh Line. L nh Pline c 3 c

mn ib t
- L nh Pline t o cc i t ng c chi u r ng (Width), cn l nh Line th khng
(Hnh 7.1)
- Cc phn
n Pline lin k t thnh m t i t ng duy nh t. Cn l nh Line
cc phn
n l cc i t ng n (Hnh 7.2).
- L nh Pline t o nn cc phn
n l cc
n th ng ho c cc cung trn (Arc)
(Hnh 7.3)
Hnh 3.26
Hnh 3.28
Hnh 3.27
nh Pline c th v a v cc phn
n l
n th ng v cung trn.
y l l nh k t h p gi a l nh Line v Arc.
1. Ch
v
n th ng
Command: Pline (ho c Pl)
Specify start point: Nh p to
lm m b t u c a Pline
Current line-width is 0.0000 Chi u r ng hi n hnh c a Pline l 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (Nh p to
m
ti p, truy b t m hay p cc ch ci in hoa s d ng cc l a ch n)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Cc l a ch n
- Close:
ng Pline b i m t
n th ng.
-Halfwidth:
nh n a chi u r ng phn
ns pv .
+ Specify starting half-width <0.0000>: Nh p gi tr n a chi u r ng phn
n.
+ Specify ending half-width <3.0000>: Nh p gi tr n a chi u r ng cu i phn
n.
- Width: nh chi u r ng phn
n s p v , t ng t Halfwidth.
- Length: V ti p m t phn
n c ph ng chi u nh
n th ng tr c .
u phn
n tr c l cung trn th n ti p xc v i cung trn, khi c
dng nh c ph .
Specify length of line: Nh p chi u di phn
ns pv .
- Undo: Hu b phn
nv av .
2. Ch
v cung trn
Command: Pline (ho c Pl)
36
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Specify start point: Ch n m hay nh p to

m b t u c a Pline.
Current line-width is 0.0000.
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A Ch n Arc.
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:
Nh p to
m cu i c a cung ho c nh p cc l a ch n:
Cc l a ch n
* Close: Cho php ta ng a tuy n b i m t cung trn.
* Halfwidth, Width, Undo: T ng t nh ch
v
n th ng.
* Angle T ng t Arc khi ta nh p A c dng nh c.
Specify included angle: Nh p gi tr gc tm.
Specify endpoint of arc or [CEnter/Radius]: Ch n m cu i, tm/ bn knh.
* CEnter T ng t l nh Arc khi ta nh p CE c dng nh c.
tm.
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]: Nh p
m cu i/ gc ho c chi u di
dy cung.
* Direction: nh h ng c a
ng ti p tuy n v i
m u tin c a cung. Khi
ta p D s xu t hi n dng nh c.
Specify the tangent direction for the start point of arc: Ch n h ng ti p xc.
Specify endpoint of the arc: Nh p to
m cu i.
* Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong c a cung, khi ta p R s xu t hi n dng nh c
Specify radius of arc: Nh p gi tr bn knh.
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle]: Nh p to
m cu i ho c
l n gc.
* Second pt: Nh p to
m th hai v
m cu i
c th xc nh cung
trn i qua 3 m. Khi ta p S s xu t hi n:
Specify second point on arc: Nh p to
m th hai.
m cu i.
* Line: Tr v ch
v
n th ng.
V d : Dng l nh Pline v a tuy n.
Command: PLINE
Specify start point: Ch n m b t k
Current line-width is 1.0000
Hnh 3.29
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30, 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0, 20
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]: A
Specify included angle: -90
Specify endpoint of arc or [CEnter/Radius]: @20,-20
37
KS Nguy n H i H ng

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/ Undo/
Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30, 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
Width]: @0, 50
Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-50, 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-30,-25
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: C
II.7. V a gic u ( Polygon)
Polygon l m t a gic
u c th n i hay ngo i ti p v i
ng
trn cng tm, AutoCAD c th t o m t Polygon (min: 3 c nh v max: 1024
nh), th c hi n l nh Polygon ch n m t trong cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Draw
: click vo bi u t ng
* Trn dng Command
: Polygon
* Trn Menu chnh
: Draw/ Polygon
AutoCAD dng
ng trn o lm chu n
p ny cc nh Polygon n m trn
ng trn.
v Polygon, trong tr
ng
AutoCAD cung c p cho chng ta 3 hnh th c xc nh Polygon: n i

ti p (Inscribed in Circle), ngo i ti p (Circumscribe about Circle) v xc nh
nh Polygon b ng 2 m (Edge).
1. Polygon n i ti p v i
ng trn (Inscribed in Circle)
Khi cho tr c bn knh
ng trn ngo i ti p (kho ng cch t tm
nh a gic)
Command: Polygon (ho c Pol)

Enter number of sides <>: Nh p s c nh c a a gic
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nh p t a
tm Polygon (tm
ng trn)
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <C>: Ch n I

Specify radius of circle: Nh p gi tr bn knh
ng trn o, to
m ho c
truy b t m l
m m t nh c a a gic
2. Polygon ngo i ti p v i
ng trn (Circumscribed about Circle)
Khi cho tr c bn knh
ng trn n i ti p (kho ng cch t tm
38
KS Nguy n H i H ng
gi a m t c nh).
Enter number of sides <>: Nh p s c nh c a a gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nh p t a
tm Polygon (tm
ng trn)
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <C>: Ch n C

Specify radius of circle: Nh p gi tr bn knh
ng trn o ho c to
m
ho c truy b t m l m gi a m t c nh c a a gic.
3. nh polygon v i c nh
c xc nh b i hai
m
Khi c n v m t polygon c nh trng v i 1 hay 2
ty ch n Edge (c nh).
m no , ta dng

Enter number of sides <>: Nh p s c nh c a a gic
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Ch n E
Specify first endpoint of edge: Nh p to
m th nh t c a c nh
Specify second endpoint of edge: Nh p to
m th hai c a c nh
Hnh 3.30. Inscribed Hnh 3.31. Circumscribed

(N i ti p)
(Ngo i ti p)
3.32. Edge (C nh)
II.8. RECTANGLE (V HNH CH NH T)

nh Rectang dng v hnh ch nh t, hnh ch nh t l m t a tuy n.
th c hi n v hnh ch nh t Rectang ta ch n m t trong cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Draw
: Click vo bi u t ng
* Trn dng Command
: Rectang ho c Rec
* Trn Menu chnh
: Draw/ Rectang
Command Rectang (ho c Rec)

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Nh p
to
gc th nh t.
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Nh p to
gc i di n.
Cc l a ch n
Chamfer (C): Cho php vt mp 4 nh c a hnh ch nh t.
u tin
nh kho ng cch vt mp sau v hnh ch nh t.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Ch n
39
KS Nguy n H i H ng
C Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <>: Nh p kho ng cch vt mp

th nh t Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <>: Nh p kho ng cch
vt mp th hai.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: nh
gc th nh t (Nh p to
ho c ch n m b t k).
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
Fillet (F): Cho php bo trn cc
nh gc
i di n (ho c nh p to
).
nh c a hnh ch nh t.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Ch n F

Specify fillet radius for rectangles <10.0000>: Nh p bn knh bo trn
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Xc
nh gc th nh t.
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Xc nh t a gc i di n.
Width(W):
nh chi u r ng nt v
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: W

Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: Nh p
r ng nt v
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Elevation/Thickness: nh
cao v
dy hnh ch nh t khi t o m t ch nh t 2 chi u. Gi i thi u trong ph n 3D
Hnh 3.33
Hnh 3.34
Hnh 3.35
Hnh 3.36
II.9. ELIP (V HNH ELIP)

nh Ellipse dng v
ng Elip, truy xu t l nh b ng cch:
* Trn thanh cng c Draw
: Click vo bi u t ng
* nh tr c ti p vo dng Command : Ellipse hay El
* Trn Menu chn : Ch n Draw\Ellipse
Ty thu c vo bi n PELLIPSE,
ng Elip c th l:
* PELLIPSE = 1 :
ng Elip l 1 a tuy n, a tuy n ny l t p h p cc cung
trn, ta c th s d ng l nh Pedit hi u ch nh
* PELLIPSE = 0 :
ng Elip l
ng Spline,
y l 1
ng cong
NURBS (xem l nh Spline) v ta khng th Explode n
c.
u bi n PELLIPSE = 0, ta c 3 ph ng php t o Elip:
- Nh p t a m t tr c v kho ng cch n a tr c th hai
- Nh p tm,
m cu i m t tr c v kho ng cch n a tr c th hai
- T o m t cung Elip
1. To
m t tr c v kho ng cch n a tr c cn l i
40
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: Ellipse (ho c El)

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Nh p t a
m th nh t c a
tr c th nh t Specify other endpoint of axis: Nh p t a
m th hai c a tr c
th nh t
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 3: Ch n
m th ba lm kho ng
cch n a tr c cn l i hay c th nh p kho ng cch tr c ti p.
Endpoint Distance
Endpoints- Rotation
Hnh 3.37
Hnh 3.38
Kho ng cch n a tr c th hai l kho ng cch t
m 3 n tr c 1-2.
Ty ch n Rotation dng
u ch n R, AutoCAD s
xc nh n a kho ng cch tr c cn l i theo gc.

a ti p dng nh c
Specify rotation around major axis: Nh p gc so v i tr c th nh t

2. Tm v cc tr c
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: C Ch n Center
Specify center of ellipse: Ch n m lm tm c a Ellipse
Specify endpoint of axis: Nh p to
hay ch n m th nh t xc nh tr c 1
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Ch n
m th hai xc nh tr c
th hai. Ty ch n R t ng t nh trn.
Center Distance
Hnh 3.39
3. V cung Elip
Ty ch n Arc trong l nh Ellipse cho
Ellipse s
c v ng c chi u kim ng h
nh d ng Ellipse, sau nh
m u v
Center- Rotation
Hnh 3.40
php ta v cung Elippse. Cung
t ng t l nh Arc. u tin, ta
m cu i c a cung.

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Ch n Arc
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Ch n m u c a tr c th nh t.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Ch n m th hai c a tr c th nh t.
41
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Kho ng cch n a tr c th hai.

Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Ch n
m hay nh p gc- y l gc gi a
tr c ta v a nh v i
ng th ng t tm n m u cung.
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Ch n
m hay nh p gcy l gc gi a tr c ta v a nh v i
ng th ng t tm n m cu i cung
a ch n Parameter l a ch n m u v
m cu i c a cung Elip b ng
bi u th c vector tham s : p(u)=c +a*cos(u) +b*sin(u) v i c l to
tm, a, b l
kho ng cch tr c l n v nh c a elip.
Ch n hai m b t k
Hnh 3.41
Nh p gi tr gc
Hnh 3.42
u p P c cc dng nh c ph
Specify start parameter or [Angle]: Xc
nh
u c a cung
Specify end parameter or [Angle/Included angle]: Xc
nh
m cu i cung.
II.10. L nh FILL (t n n) (c n ch )
Th c hi n l nh fill nh sau:
- Trn dng Command: fill
C php l nh
Command: fill
- Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: on
- Ch n ON t n n ch n OFF khng t.
II.11. L nh DONUT (v hnh vnh kh n)
Th c hi n l nh Donut nh sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command : donut (hay do)
Trn Menu chnh: Draw\ donut
C php l nh
Command: DO
Hnh 3.43
DONUT
Specify inside diameter of donut <100>: < cho
ng knh th nh t > < D1 >
Specify outside diameter of donut <150>: < cho
ng knh th hai> < D2 >
Specify center of donut or <exit>: <cho tm> <C>
Specify center of donut or <exit>: <Enter> k t thc l nh
42
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG IV
CC L NH TRUY B T
IT
NG
I. CH TRUY B T I T
NG
Ngoi vi c dng t a
nh v
m c a nh ng i
ng, AutoCAD cung c p cho chng ta m t cng c xc nh
a
m chnh xc v r t nhanh trn c s nh ng i t ng
c s n. M i i t ng c nh ng c
m ring c a n, nh
n th ng th c 2 m cu i v m gi a,
ng trn c tm
v ti p tuy n
hi n thanh cng c Object Snap, b n n
chu t ph i trn thanh cng c Standard. Hi n menu nh hnh,
ch n Object Snap.
Hnh 4.1.Thanh cng c Object Snap

AutoCAD truy b t nh ng m c bi t ny nhanh v r t chnh xc. Trong
cc i t ng AutoCAD quan tm n 12 lo i
m m n truy b t d dng nh
hnh trn.
t trong nh ng u
m c a ph n m m AutoCAD l
chnh xc r t
cao (c th ln t i 14 s sau d u ph y v i CAD 14), do ta c n ph i s d ng
cc ph ng th c nh p
m chnh xc khi v . Ngoi ra khi s d ng cc l nh ghi
kch th c th ch s kch th c s hi n ln theo kch th c m ta v , do
mu n ghi kch th c ng th b n v ph i c c k chnh xc.
AutoCAD c kh n ng g i l Objects Snap (OSNAP) dng
truy b t
cc
m thu c i t ng nh :
m cu i,
m gi a, tm, giao
m, Khi
d ng cc ph ng th c truy b t ny, t i giao
m c a 2 s i tc xu t hi n
t vung truy b t (Aperture) v t i
m c n truy b t xu t hi n khung hnh
k hi u ph ng th c truy b t (Marker). Khi ch n cc i t ng ang tr ng
43
KS Nguy n H i H ng
thi truy b t AutoCAD s t

ng tnh to
m truy b t v gn cho
m
n tm.
Ta c th s d ng ph ng th c truy b t m th ng tr ho c t m tr. Ph n
ny gi i thi u truy b t m t m tr.
Cc m c a i t ng c th
c truy b t trong CAD l:
Line, Spline
Arc
(CENter),
: Cc
m cu i (ENDpoint),
: Cc
m cu i (ENDpoint),
m gc (QUAdrant).
m gi a (MIDpoint)
m gi a (MIDpoint), tm
Circle, Ellipse : Tm (CENter), m gc (QUAdrant)

Point
:
m tm (NODe)
Pline
m cu i (ENDpoint),
Text
m chn (INSert)
m gi a (MIDpoint) m i phn
Ngoi ra ta cn truy b t
m ti p xc (TANgent),
(PERpendicular), FROM, APPintersection,
lm xu t hi n b ng truy b t m ta c cc cch sau:
n.
m vung gc
Hnh 4.2. H p tho i OSNAP

- Nh n Shift + Chu t ph i s xu t hi n h p tho i Cursor (Hnh 4.2)
Ta ch s d ng cc ph ng th c truy b t
m t m tr khi c n xc nh to
m t
m c a l nh Line ho c Circle Specify first point: T i cc dng
nh c ny ta ch c n nh p 3 ch
u tin c a ph ng th c truy b t
m ho c
i t danh m c. Khi ang tr ng thi truy b t m th vung t i giao m 2
i tc l vung truy b t (Aperture)
Cc ph ng th c truy b t i t ng
1. CENter: Dng
truy b t
m tm c a circle, arc, ellipse. Khi truy b t ta
n ch n
it
44
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng c n truy b t tm
Hnh 4.3. Cc ph ng th c truy b t m

2. ENDpoint: Dng
truy b t imt cu i c a Line, Spline, Arc, phn
a Pline. Ch n t i
m g n
m cu i truy b t. V Line v Arc c 2
cu i, do CAD s truy b t m cu i no g n giao m 2 s i tc.

3. INSert: Dng
truy b t m chn c a dng Text v Block. Ch n m t
t k c a dng Text ho c Block v nh p phm ch n.
n
m
4. INTersection: Dng
truy b t giao
m c a hai
i t ng. Mu n truy
t th giao
m ph i n m trong vung truy b t ho c c hai i t ng u
ch m vung truy b t.

Ta c th truy b t giao
m c a hai i t ng khi ko di m i giao nhau,
khi ch n l n l t hai i t ng.
5. MIDpoint: Truy b t
m thu c i t ng g n giao
m v i hai s i tc
nh t. Cho vung truy b t ch m n i t ng g n
m c n truy b t v nh n
phm ch n.
Truy b t Midpoint
Truy b t Midpoint
Hnh 4.6. Cc ph ng th c truy b t
Truy b t NODe
m
45
KS Nguy n H i H ng
6. NODe: Dng
truy b t tm c a m t
m. Cho vung truy b t ch m v i
m v nh p phm ch n
7. NEArest: Truy b t m t
m thu c i t ng g n giao
m v i hai s i tc
nh t. Cho vung truy b t n ch m i t ng g n
m c n truy b t v nh n
phm ch n
Hnh 4.7.Truy b t NEArest

Hnh 4.8. Truy b t PERpendicular
8. PERpendicular: Truy b t
m vung gc v i i t ng
c ch n. Cho
vung truy b t n ch m v i i t ng v nh p phm ch n.
9. QUAdrant: Truy b t cc
m c a Circle, Ellipse ho c Arc. Cho vung
n g n m c n truy b t, ch m v i
t ng v nh p phm truy b t

10. TANgent: Truy b t
m ti p xc v i Line, Arc, Ellipse, Spline ho c
Circle. Cho vung truy b t ch m v i i t ng c n tm v nh p phm ch n.

11. FROm: Ph ng th c From cho php tm m t
m b ng cch nh p to
ng i ho c to
c c t ng i so v i g c to
l m t
m chu n m
ta c th truy b t
m. Ph ng th c ny th c hi n thnh hai b c:
- B c 1: L xc nh g c to
t ng i ( m cu i cng nh t xc nh trn
mn hnh) t i dng nh c Base point: Nh p to
ho c s d ng cc ph ng
th c truy b t m k ra trn.
- B c 2: L nh p to
t ng
i, to
c c t ng
i c a
m c n
tm t i dng nh c
<Offset>: So v i g c to
t ng i v a xc nh t i B c 1.
V d : V
n th ng P5P6 v
(V HCN: 180,100)
ng trn C1 dng ph
ng th c truy b t From:
46
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: LINE
50
P4
Specify first point: from

Base point: end of (Truy b t P2)
P3
P6
100
0
50
<Offset>: @-100, 0
Specify next point or [Undo]: from
Base point: end of (Truy b t P3)
P1
P5
60
P2
180
<Offset>: @-50, 0
Hnh 4.11
Specify next point or [Undo]:

Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: from
Base point: end
of (Truy b t P1)
<Offset>: @60, 50
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: tan
to (Ch n
n th ng P5P6)
12. Extention: Dng
ko di cung ho c
Intersection ho c Apparent Intersection ko di
Cc v d s d ng ph
V d 1:
ng th c truy b t
n th ng P1P3 v
n th ng. K t h p v i
n cc giao m
m (V HCN: 150,100)
ng trn c tm l
m gi a P1P3, R=25
-V
n th ng P1P3
Command: LINE
Specify first point: end
P4
R25
of (Truy b t P1)
Specify next point or [Undo]: end
P3
MID
M
of (Truy b t
P3) Specify next point or [Undo]:
END
END
P1
Command: CIRCLE
P2
Hnh 4.12
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Mid
of
(Truy b t M) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <>: 25

V d 2:
n th ng P4P5 vung gc v i P1P3 (V HCN: 180,100)

P4
INT
Command: LINE
Specify first point: int
R25
of (Truy b t P4)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Per to (Cho

vung truy b t ch m v i P1P3 truy b t m vung
gc P5)
P3
PER
P1
M
P5
Hnh 4.13
P2
47
KS Nguy n H i H ng
R30
LINE
P2
TAN
R50
P
TAN 1
V d 3: Th c hi n b n v sau
R30
R15
- V cc
ng trn C1, C2, C3, C4
QUA
QUA
0
0
C2
LINE
Command: CIRCLE (C1)
P6
P5
C3
C1
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr
C4
TAN
LINE
P3
(tan tan radius)]: Ch n m b t k
TAN
P
4
120
Specify center point for circle or
Hnh 4.14
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Cen of (Truy b t tm)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @120, 0
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: cen of (Truy b t
tm) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <30.0000>: 50
1
- V cc
ng th ng P1P2
Command: LINE
Specify first point: tan
to (Ch n
ng trn C2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: tan
to (Ch n
ng trn C4)

-
cc
ng th ng P3P4: T
cc
ng th ng P5P6
ng t .
Command: LINE
Specify first point: Qua
of (Ch n
Specify next point or [Undo]: Qua
ng trn C2 g n P5)
of (Ch n
ng trn
C4 g n P6) Specify next point or [Undo]:

Ch
truy b t th ng tr (L nh Osnap, Ddosnap)
Khi c n truy b t v tr
m c a cc i t ng m t cch th ng xuyn,
ta nn s d ng truy b t
m th ng tr c, v kh i ng l nh ch m t l n. Ta
ch n cc cch kh i ng sau:
* Trn dng Command
: Ddosnap, Osnap
* Trn Menu chnh
: Tools/ Draft Settings.../ Osnap
* Trn thanh tr ng thi : N u ch a gn ch
truy b t
m th ng tr c)
thc th nh p chu t ph i vo OSNAP ch n Settings...
Khi xu t hi n h p tho i
48
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Object Snap modes: Dng

n
ch
truy b t th ng tr c.
Khi c nhi u ph ng th c
truy b t th ng tr th AutoCAD
truy b t
m no g n tm c a
vung truy b t nh t.
Ch : Ch n ClearAll
thot ch
truy b t th ng tr c.
a ch n Options
Hnh 4.15

- AutoSnap Settings
Marker: M ho c t t khung hnh k hi u
m truy b t (Marker). N u s d ng
ph ng th c truy b t
m th Marker s xu t hi n khi ta cho vung truy b t i
ngang qua m truy b t.
Magnet: M ho c t t ch
Magnet. Magnet ko v gi vung truy b t v i
m c n truy b t
Display AutoSnap toolip: T t ho c m khung hnh k hi u m t tn c a v tr
truy b t
Display Aperture Box: M ho c t t vung truy b t (Aperture)
AutoSnap Marker size:
u ch nh kch th c khung hnh k hi u m truy b t
Aperture size:
u ch nh kch th c vung truy b t. Khi s d ng cc
ph ng th c truy b t th ng tr kch th c l n nh t l 20 pixels. N u s d ng
nh Aperture th kch th c ny c th t ng ln 50 pixels. Thng th ng l 4-8
pixels
AutoSnap Marker color:
u ch nh mu c a mn hnh.
- Bi n AutoSnap
nh ch
AutoSnap ta c th s d ng bi n AutoSnap
49
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: Autosnap
Enter new value for AUTOSNAP <63>: Nh p gi tr c a bi n
Cc gi tr c a bi n bao g m:
0: T t cc l a ch n Marker, Display AutoSnap toolip, Magnet
1: M / t t Marker
2: M / t t Display AutoSnap toolip
3: M / t t ng th i Marker v Display AutoSnap toolip
4: M / t t Magnet
5: M / t t Magnet v Marker
6: M / t t Display AutoSnap toolip v Magnet
7: M / t t Marker, Display AutoSnap toolip, Magnet
- L nh Aperture:
hi u ch nh l n c a vung truy b t.
III. GI I THI U M T S L NH I U KHI N MN HNH
gip ta th c hi n cc bi t p trong ch ng ny d dng, chng ta kh o
st m t cch khi qut hai l nh c b n u khi n mn hnh: Zoom v Pan
1. Zoom
Zoom l l nh phng to hay thu nh cc
i t ng, n l lo i l nh
Transparent c th kh i ng b t c lc no ta mu n b ng cc cch sau:
Ch : thot kh i l nh Zoom b n g phm Esc
* Trn thanh Standard: click vo bi u t ng Zoom
* Trn dng Command: Zoom hay Z (N u ta ang
dng l nh no c a
AutoCAD th ta dng Transparent Zoom hay Z)
* Trn Menu chnh: View\ Zoom\
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD yu c u:
Command: Zoom
All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/<Scale(x/xp)>:
Ta nh p ch ci u tin l a ch n lo i Zoom
Trong :
Zoom in:
B n nh n phm tri chu t vo bi u t
to ln hai l n,
Zoom out:
B n nh n phm tri chu t vo bi u t
nh ph n n a.
ng ny v t th
ng ny v t th
c phng
c thu
All:
Thu ton b cc i t ng v (k c cc i t ng n m ngoi ph m
vi mi n v ) v t o l i mn hnh.
Center:
Phng to mn hnh v i m t tm m v i chi u cao c a s .
* Center point: ch n tm khung c a s
* Magnification or height <>: Nh p gi tr chi u cao khung c a s ho c ch n 2
m
xc nh chi u cao. N u sau gi tr ta nh p X, v d 2X th hnh nh s
phng to ln 2 l n.
50
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Dynamic:
Hi n ln mn hnh hnh nh trong khung c a s m ta c th
thay i v tr v kch th c. u tin, khi th c hi n l a ch n ny s xu t hi n
khung nhn ch nh t c d u X gi a (cho php ta di chuy n v tr c a khung
a s ). Mu n chuy n sang ch
thay i
l n khung c a s (ho c ng c
i) ta nh n phm tri chu t, khi s xu t hi n hnh m i tn ngay c nh ph i c a
khung. Ti p t c di chuy n v tr v thay i kch th c khung c a s
n khi no
mu n phng hnh nh trong khung c a s ny ln ton b mn hnh ta ch c n
nh n phm Enter.
Extents:
Phng to ho c thu nh cc i t ng b n v
nh t c th , ton b
i t ng v s hi n ln trn mn hnh.
Previous:
Ph c h i l i hnh nh c a l nh Zoom tr
th nh v ph c h i n 10 l n.
n kh n ng l n
c . Ch c n ng ny c
Window:
Phng to ln mn hnh ph n hnh nh xc nh b i khung c a s
hnh ch nh t b ng cch xc nh hai m (t ng t nh cch v hnh ch nh t)
Scale (x/xp):
Nh p t l
hi n ln hnh nh mong mu n.
Gi tr l n h n 1: Phng to, gi tr nh h n 1: Thu nh .
* Khng c ph n theo sau gi tr : C ngh a l phng to hay thu nh so v i gi i
nb nv
* Theo sau gi tr l ch X (v d 2x): C ngh a l phng to hay thu nh so v i
hnh nh hi n hnh.
* Theo sau gi tr l XP: C ngh a l phng to hay thu nh so v i gi i h n b n
trong khng gian gi y (khi ta ang trong khng gian gi y)
Object:
Ch n hnh c n phng to n m c cn nhn th y
c.
i v i
chu t c nt gi a b n y nt gi a v pha trn phng to v ng c l i.
2. Pan
nh Pan, di chuy n mn hnh, gip chng ta xem nh ng chi ti t c a i
ng n m ngoi ph m vi th hi n c a mn hnh hi n hnh, v n l lo i l nh
Transparent. kch ng l nh ta ch n 1 trong cc cch sau:
* Trn dng Command: Pan hay P (N u ta ang dng l nh no c a AutoCAD
th ta dng Transparent Pan hay P)
* Trn Menu chnh: View\ Pan\
Command: Pan
AutoCAD s
a ra bi u t ng c a Pan (bn tay), ta dng chu t
u
khi n bn tay ny n chi ti t ta c n xem hay x l.
i v i chu t c nt gi a
n n nt gi a th y xu t hi n bn tay b n di chuy n bnh th ng.
51
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG V
P V D NG
NG NT
n v AutoCAD nh l s
t ch ng ln nhau c a nh ng t m gi y trong
su t cng kch c , m i t m th hi n m t hay nhi u chi ti t c a cng m t v t th ,
i t m trong su t ny AutoCAD g i l l p. i v i AutoCAD, m t b n v c
th c m t l p hay nhi u l p, cc i t ng trong cc l p c th chuy n i t
p ny qua l p khc. Vi c tch r i b n v thnh nhi u l p c nh ng l i ch sau:
- M i ng i c th v chi ti t c a b n v trn nh ng l p khc nhau.
- Xu t b n v v i nh ng chi ti t ring, ch ng h n m t cng trnh no ta c th
in b n v ch c ph n b tr h th ng c p thot n c c a cng trnh nh ng khng
in nh ng ph n khc.
- M i l p c th th hi n mu khc nhau, c ng nh
ng nt khc nhau.
- AutoCAD khng gi i h n s l p trn m t b n v (t i a 32767 l p).
I. L P LAYERS
xy d ng l p bao g m t tn l p, mu, lo i
ng nt v cc tnh
ch t c a l p ta c th ch n m t trong nh ng cch sau:
* Trn dng Command: Ddlmodes hay Layer hay La
* Trn Menu chnh: Format\ Layers...
Sau khi kch ng l nh AutoCAD m h p tho i Layer Properties Manger.
Hnh 5.1. Layer Properties Manger (2007)
52
KS Nguy n H i H ng
New Layer
Delete Layer
Set Current

1. T o l p m i
h p tho i Layer Properties Manger ta th c hi n nh sau:
Nh p nt New trong h p tho i hnh s xu t hi n so n th o Layer 1 t i c t
Name d i l p 0.
Nh p tn l p m i vo so n th o. Tn l p t i a khng qu 31 k t .
K t c th l s , ch ... Nh ng khng
c c kho ng tr ng.
u c n t o nhi u l p cng m t lc ta nh p cc tn l p cch nhau b i d u ph y
(,). AutoCAD t
ng s p x p theo th t A, B, C, D,...
2. Gn l p hi n hnh
p hi n hnh l l p khi ta t o v t th n s n m trn l p ny, Default c a
AutoCAD l l p 0.
a l p c s n l l p hi n hnh ta ch c n ch n tn l p sau click vo l p
ta ch n.
Hnh 5.3. H p tho i Layer)

I.3. Thay i mu c a l p (Layer Color)
thay i mu cho m t l p no , tr c tin ta s ch n l p , sau
ta nh p vo mu c a l p s xu t hi n h p tho i Select Colors nh hnh trn.
Theo h p h i tho i ny, ta c th gn mu no cho l p m ta ng . C t ng
53
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng 256 mu, nh ng ta nn ch n cc mu tiu chu n c s th t t 1

(red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, white) cho d nh .
n7

Khi mu c a l p thay i th ch c cc i t ng n m trong ByLayer c a
p ny m i thay i theo mu m i cn cc i t ng n m trong ByColor v n
gi nguyn mu c a n (m c d n v n n m trong l p ta v a thay i mu).
I.4. Gn d ng
ng cho l p (Linetypes Layers)
gn d ng
ng cho l p, ta nh p vo tn d ng
xu t hi n h p h i tho i Select Linetype nh hnh
ng c a l p, khi
CLICK
Hnh 5.5. Select linetype

u tin trong b n v ch c m t lo i
ng duy nh t l
ng lin t c
(Continuous). nh p cc d ng
ng khc vo trong b n v ta s d ng nt
Load trong h p tho i Select linetype m h p tho i Load or Reload Linetypes.
54
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Hnh 5.6. Select Linetype

Ta ch n nh ng d ng
ng c n thi t v t i vo b n v (gi Ctrl v click
chu t tri vo d ng
ng nt c n ch n) ch n OK.
I.5. Ki m sot s th hi n c a l p
I.5.1. T t/ M l p
Ta c th t t hay m 1 l p no khi c n thi t. Khi m t l p b t t, cc i
ng trong l p ny s khng
c th hi n ln mn hnh v c ng khng
c
in ra gi y.
t t/ m l p no ta th c hi n m t trong cc cch sau:
- Trong h p tho i Layer Properties Manager: ch n On (m ) hay Off (t t).
- T thanh cng c Object Properties: click vo bi u t ng bng n, n chy
sng (l p
c m ), ng c l i n t t (l p b t t).
Ch : Cc
it
Hnh 5.7. Layer Properties Manager

ng trong l p b t t s khng in
c ra gi y.
I.5.2. ng c ng v Lm tan b ng c a m t Layer cho t t c cc khung nhn

(Freeze/ Thaw)
55
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng b ng (Freeze) v lm tan b ng (Thaw) l p trn t t c khung nhn

(viewports), ta a chu t vo v tr c d ng hnh trn sng (tr ng thi Freeze) C
mu xm tr ng thi (Thaw) Cc i t ng c a l p ng b ng khng th hi n
trn mn hnh v ta khng th hi u ch nh
c cc i t ng ny.
ng b ng
Khng ng
Ch : L p hi n hnh khng th
Hnh 5.8.
ng b ng
I.5.3. ng c ng v Lm tan b ng l p trn khung nhn hi n hnh (Current

Vport)
ng (Freeze) v lm tan b ng (Thaw) l p trn khung nhn hi n hnh
ta nh p chu t tri vo bi u t ng tr ng thi Freeze/Thaw (v tr th hai)
Ch : Cc i t ng trong l p b ng b ng s khng in
c ra gi y
I.5.4. Kha v m kha cho l p (Lock/ Unlock)
kha v m kha cho l p, ta nh p vo bi u t ng tr ng thi
Lock/Unlock. i t ng c a Layer b kha s khng hi u ch nh
c; tuy nhin
ta v n th y trn mn hnh v c th in chng ra gi y.
kho
Hnh 5.9.
I.5.5. Th hi n tn l p trong h p tho i Layer Properties Manager
Khi lm vi c v i b n v c s l ng l n cc l p, i h i nhi u th i gian
tm ki m cc l p trong h p tho i Layer Properties Manager. AutoCAD cung
p cho ta m t h p tho i g i l h p tho i Layer Filters Properties
gip ta l c
danh sch cc l p c n th hi n ln trn h p tho i Layer Properties Manager (k
vi c th hi n trn mn hnh lm vi c).
56
KS Nguy n H i H ng

m
c h p tho i ny, ta ch n bi u t
p tho i Layer Properties Manager.
ng New Property Filter trong
Hnh 5.11. Layer filter chinh1 (ch1,ch2,ch3)
Hnh 5.12. Layer filter chinh2 (ch4,ch5,ch6).

Th hi n l c cc l p nh hnh, nh m m c ch qu n l cc l p thu n ti n
n: Nh n, ng b ng, trn mn hnh lm vi c.
57
KS Nguy n H i H ng
II. D NG
NG NT (LINETYPE)
Khi ch n Linetype trn h p tho i Layer Properties Manager s xu t hi n
trang Linetype nh hnh d i y.
Hnh 5.13. Linetype

nh p cc d ng
ng vo trong b n v , ta ch n nt Load... Khi
xu t hi n h p tho i Load or Reload Linetypes.
Hnh 5.14. Linetype

Trn h p tho i ny, ta ch n cc d ng
ng c n thi t (ho c ta ch n cc
ng file *.lin t i nt ch n File... c s n c a AutoCAD) v nh n phm OK
Hnh 5.15. Linetype
58
KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.1. Gn chi u r ng nt in
Ch n LineWeight trong h p tho i Layer Properties Manager

II.2. Thanh cng c Properties
Trong AutoCad thanh cng c ny
cm c
nh trn vng
h a.
Hnh 5.17. Thanh cng c Properties

Trn thanh cng c ny b n ch n d ng
ng nt, mu
nt in.
Hnh 5.18. Thanh cng c Properties
ng nt, b dy
59
KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.3. Thanh cng c Layer
Hnh 5.19. Thanh cng c Layer.

Nt Make Objects Layer Current Dng ch n nhanh m t l p no b n
mu n gn lm l p hi n hnh (ch n mu thu n ti n nh t)
Ex: Trong l p hi n hnh l ch1 (mu vng). Sau khi click vo bi u t ng
Make Objects Layer Current V ch n mu xanh l (mu th hi n l p ch6).
Hnh 5.20.
- Layer Previous
Khi click vo bi u tu ng n y th hi n t n t cc l p hi n hnh.
Hnh 5.21
60
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG VI
THU T HI U CH NH C
B N
hi u ch nh m t i t ng trong b n v AutoCAD vi c u tin l b n

ch n i t ng c n hi u ch nh. AutoCAD tr gip cho b n 1 b ch nh i
ng (Object Selection Settings) v i 6 ph ng php khc nhau
c AutoCAD
ki m sot. Tr c khi i vo hi u ch nh i t ng c a b n v , chng ta i su vo
chi ti t c a b ch nh i t ng c a AutoCAD.
I. CH NH I T
NG
I.1. H p tho i Options th Selection

AutoCAD cung c p cho chng ta nh ng hnh th c ch nh i t ng nh
i y:
- Noun/ Verb Selection: ch nh i t ng tr c, pht l nh sau.
- Use Shift to Add: khi ch n i t ng m i, i t ng
c ch n s b tr i.
u mu n ch n thm i t ng m i ( ng th i v n gi
i t ng c ) ph i nh n
thm phm Shift.
- Press and Drag: c th ch n i t ng b ng ph ng php Windows hay
Crossing b ng cch nh n chu t v ko t o khung c a s .
- Implied Windowing: ch n
i t ng b ng ph ng php Crossing hay
Windows b ng cch nh m u tin khung c a s bn ph i hay tri.
- Object Grouping: cho php nhm i t ng thnh Group.
- Assosiative Hatch: m t c t lin k t v i
ng bao (boundary) t o thnh m t
i t ng, t ng t nt Hatch c a h p tho i Drawing Aids.
t c nh ng hnh th c ch nh trn thng qua h p ho i tho i Object.
Selection Settings nh hnh trn.
m h p tho i Object Selection Settings ta th c hi n m t trong nh ng
cch sau:
+ Trn dng Command: Ddselect
+ Trn Menu chnh: Tools\Options/ch n th Selection..
I.2. Pickbox Size

Thay i kch th
61
c c a con ch y (Cursor), t
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ng t bi n PICKBOX.
II. CC K THU T HI U CH NH
t b n v hon ch nh trong AutoCAD thng th ng tri qua hai giai
n c b n:
- Giai
n u t o i t ng
- Giai
n sau hi u ch nh cc i t ng.
AutoCAD cung c p cho ta m t s l nh hi u ch nh c b n, ty tr ng h p
ta s d ng, nh : Undo, Erase, Move, Copy, Stretch, Offset, Rotate, Mirror,
Scale, Break, Trim, Extend ...
II.1. L nh Move
nh Move dng thay i v tr i t ng,
truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Move ho c M (c th ch n tr c ti p trn thanh
Modify)
Command: Move
Select objects: Ch n i t ng c n d i
Select objects: Ti p t c ch n i t ng ho c n Enter
k t thc l a
ch n, cc i t ng l a ch n c d ng
ng t.
Specify base point or displacement: Ch n
m chu n hay nh p kho ng cch
i: c th dng phm ch n c a chu t, cc ph ng php truy b t
m, to
tuy t i, t ng i, c c t ng i
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:
m
m cac i t ng d i n: c th dng phm ch n c a chu t, cc ph ng php
truy b t m, to
tuy t i, t ng i, c c t ng i
m Specify base point v Specify second point of displacement c th ch n
t k.
- Mu n d i i t ng c n v tr chnh xc Specify base point v Specify second
point of displacement ta dng cc ph ng th c truy b t m.
II.2. L nh Rotate
nh Rotate dng quay i t ng theo m t gc no . Truy xu t l nh
ng cc cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command : Rotate hay Ro (c th ch n tr c ti p trn thanh
Modify)
62
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: Ro
Select objects: Ch n i t ng quay
Base point: nh tm quay
<Rotate angle>/ Reference: nh gc quay, n u ch n Reference (g Re),
AutoCAD a ra ti p dng l nh
- Reference angle <0>: Nh p gc tham kh o
- New angle: Nh p gc m i (gc quay s b ng hi u gc m i & gc tham kh o)
Rotation angle = 450
II.3. L nh Scale
nh Scale dng
thay i kch th
Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Rotation angle = 900
it
ng theo m t t l no .
* Nh p vo t dng Command: Scale

Command: Scale
Select objects: Ch n i t ng c n thay i t l .
Base point: nh m c b n.
<Scale factor>/ Reference: nh p h s t l , n u g Re,AutoCAD s
dng l nh:
Reference length <1>: Nh p vo chi u di tham kh o.
New length: Nh p chi u di m i AutoCAD tnh h s t l .
a ti p
II.4.
nh Trim
nh Trim dng
c t b t nh ng ph n th a (khng c n thi t hay v d )
a i t ng t i m t ph ng c t. Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Trim ho c Tr
Command: Tr
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges : Xc nh i t ng dng lm m t ph ng c t.
Select objects: ti p t c xc nh m t ph ng c t.
Select objects: 1 found.
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total.
Select objects: 1 found, 3 total.
(n u khng th <Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: Ch n ph n ta mu n
t b c a i t ng, n u ta khng th c hi n l nh Trim, ch n U (Undo) Select
objects: sau khi ch n cc m t xong Enter. (ch n cc m t,
ng,...c n c t)
Ex
63
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: Rectang
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
Command: C
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:
Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <42.0092>:
Command: Trim
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects: 1 found, 3 total
Select objects:
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:
II.5. L nh Break
nh Break gi ng nh l nh Trim c ng
c dng
c t m t ph n i
ng nh ng khng c n i t ng lm m t ph ng c t. Truy xu t l nh b ng cc
cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Break ho c Br
Command: Br
Select object: Ch n i t ng c t.
Enter second point (or F for first point): Ch n
m th hai
c t v AutoCAD
hi u v tr ta ch n i t ng l m th nh t; ho c ta ch n F
nh l i
m
t th nh t, lc AutoCAD s m ra dng l nh:
Enter first point: nh m c t th nh t.
Enter second point: nh m c t th hai.
II.6. L nh Extend
nh Extend gip ta c th ko di i t ng t i cc m t ph ng nh
tr c. L nh ny ch c tc d ng i v i nh ng i t ng h (Opened Objects)
khng c tc d ng i v i i t ng khp kn (Closed Objects) (hnh ch nh t,
ng trn ch ng h n). Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command : Extend ho c Ex
64
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: Extend
Select boundary edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend)
Select objects: Ch n i t ng lm m t ph ng s ko di n
<Select object to extend>/Project/Edge/Undo: ch n pha i t ng mu n ko
di
u ch n U: s khng th c hi n l nh ko di
II.7. L nh Stretch
nh Stretch dng co dn i t
nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Stretch
ng theo m t ph
ng no , truy xu t
Command: Stretch
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...
Select objects: Ch n cc i t ng theo ph ng php Crossing
Select objects: n Enter k t thc vi c l a ch n
Specify base point or displacement: Ch n
m chu n hay kho ng d i
ng t l nh Move.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as
displacement>:
m d i n, n u cho kho ng d i th n Enter.
Tu thu c vo cc i t ng
c ch n ta c cc tr ng h p sau:
1. Cc
n th ng giao v i khung c a s ch n
c ko gin ra ho c co l i,
cung trn
c d i i.
2. Cung trn
Second point of displacement: @20,0

c ko gin v
n th ng ngang b ko co l i

3.
ng
c d i, hai
n n m ngang
c ko gin
65
KS Nguy n H i H ng

Ch : l nh Stretch ch thi hnh
cng lc nhi u i t ng.
iv i
it
ng cu i cng (n u ta ch n
II.8. L nh Lengthen
nh Lengthen gip ta c th ko di hay rt ng n chi u di i t ng
n th ng hay cung trn) m khng c n dng m t ph ng ko di hay m t
ph ng c t. Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
- Nh p vo t dng Command: Lengthen ho c Len
Command: Len
DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic/<Select object>:
Trong :
<Select object>: Ch n i t ng c n hi u ch nh
Current length: Th hi n gi tr hi n hnh c a i t ng
- DE (Delta). Thay i chi u di i t ng b ng cch a vo kho ng t ng. Gi
tr kho ng t ng m th lm gi m kch th c, gi tr kho ng cch t ng d ng lm
ng kch th c. Khi p DE sau dng nh c s xu t hi n dng nh c ph
Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: Nh p kho ng t ng ho c p A
ch n
kho ng thay i gc tm.
Sau khi nh p gi tr kho ng t ng xu t hi n dng nh c
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Ch n i t ng c n thay i kch th c.
Dng nh c trn
c xu t hi n lin t c, khi mu n k t thc l nh ta nh p Enter.
- P (Percent): Thay i chi u di i t ng theo ph n tr m so v i t ng chi u di

hi n hnh. Khi >100% th chi u di
i t ng
c t ng ln, ng c l i <100%
th chi u di gi m xu ng
Enter percentage length <145.0000>: Nh p gi tr
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Ch n i t ng c n thay i kch th c
66
KS Nguy n H i H ng
- T (Total): Dng thay i t ng chi u di c u m t i t ng ho c gc m cung

theo gi tr
i a vo
Specify total length or [Angle] <1.0000)>: Nh p gi tr ho c A ch n gc.
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Ch n i t ng c n thay i kch th c.
- Dynamic: Thay i chi u r ng c a i t ng (t c l dng con tr chu t

tr co hay dn chi u di
i t ng trn mn hnh)
III. CC L NH TR GIP
III.1. Xo i t ng (Erase)
nh Erase gip ta xa nh ng
nh , th c hi n l nh b ng m t trong nh
Nh p vo t dng Command: Erase ho
Ch n i t ng c n xa click chu t ph
nh
i t ng khng c n thi t hay v khng

ng cch sau:
cE
i ch n erase
Command: E
Select objects: ch n i t ng xa
ph c h i i t ng b xa sau cng, ta c th dng l nh Undo hay Oops
III.2. L nh Oops
nh Oops gip ta ph c h i l i cc
xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Oops
III.3. L nh Undo
nh Undo dng
h yb l nl
xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
it
ng b xa sau cng, truy
t cc l nh th c hi n tr
c . Truy
67
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Nh p vo t dng Command: Undo

Command: Undo
Auto/ Control/ BEgin/ End/ Mark/ Back/<number>
<number>: Nh p s l n Undo
Auto: N u l On th cc i t ng
c v trong m i l nh xem nh l m t
nhm. V d cc
n th ng v b ng m t l nh Line s
ch yb b im tl n
Undo
Control : l a ch n ny u khi n vi c th c hi n cc l a ch n c a l nh
Undo. Khi nh p C, xu t hi n dng nh c: All/ None/ One <All>, trong :
All
: Th c hi n t t c cc l a ch n c a l nh Undo.
One
: Ch h y b m t l nh v a th c hi n tr c .
None
: Khng th th c hi n vi c h y b cc l nh c a AutoCAD.
BEgin
: Dng l a ch n ny nh d u l nh u c a nhm l nh, l nh ny
ph i k t h p v i End.
End
: K t h p v i BEgin, l a ch n ny nh d u l nh cu i c a nhm
nh v sau ta c th xa b i m t b c th c hi n.
Mark
: nh d u l nh AutoCAD v a th c hi n m sau ny ta c th tr
b ng l a ch n Back.
Back
: H y b cc l nh th c hi n n l n nh d u (Mark) g n nh t,
u khng nh d u Mark th AutoCAD s xa t t c cc l nh th c hi n
tr c .
III.4. L nh Redo
nh Redo dng sau l nh Undo
Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Redo
ph c h i m t l nh v a h y tr
c .
III.5. L nh Redraw
nh Redraw dng
xa cc d u + (g i l cc Blipmode) trn mn hnh
Command: Redraw ho c R
III.6. T y xa cc i t ng th a (l nh Purge)
nh Purge cho php ta t y xa nh ng i t ng th a (Block, Layer,
Linetype, Shape, Text Style...) trong m t b n v . Truy xu t l nh b ng cch sau:
Trn dng Command: Purge hay Pu.
Gi s ta c n xa l p TRUC c s n trn b n v hi n hnh, khi ta s th c hi n
nh sau:
Command: Purge hay Pu
Purge unused
Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/SHapes/STyles/Mlinestyles/All: La
Names to purge <*>:
Verify each name to be purged? <Y>
Purge layer TRUC? <N> y
68
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG VII
CC L NH V NHANH
I. L nh Offset
nh Offset dng
t o i t ng m i song song v i i t
theo m t kho ng cch no . Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Offset ho c O
1- L a ch n Offset distance
ng ch n
Command: O
- Specify offset distance or [Through] <20.0000>: Nh p vo kho ng cch gi a
hai
i t ng hay dng chu t ch n m th nh t v m th hai
ACAD t
tnh kho ng cch.
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Ch n i t ng
t o i t ng song song
i n
- Specify point on side to offset: Ch n pha c n t o i t ng m i song song
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Ti p t c ch n i t ng hay n Enter
k t
thc.
Line
Pline
2- L a ch n Through
Command: OFFSET
Specify offset distance or [Through]: T
Select object to offset or <exit>: Ch n i t
Specify through point: Truy b t
m m i
Select object to offset or <exit>: Ch n i t
nh.
Sau khi v xong dng l nh trim.
Ch : nh Offset s khng hi u qu
v Text.
ng
t o i t ng song song
t ng m i
c t o ra s i qua
ng khc ho c Enter
k t thc
iv i
it
ng l Points, Block
II. L nh Fillet
nh Fillet gip ta v n i ti p hai
n th ng (hay
n th ng v i cung
trn ho c c hai u l cung trn) b i m t cung trn theo bn knh m ta nh
n. Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Fillet
Command: Fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Ch n
Line, Circle, Arc ho c phn
n c a Pline v ch n g n v tr Fillet
Select second object: Ch n i t ng 2 g n v tr Fillet
it
ng l
69
Ta c th s d ng l nh Fillet v i R=0
giao nhau.
KS Nguy n H i H ng
ko di ho c xn cc
it
ng
Radius (R): Nh p R ch n bn knh

Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: Nh p gi tr bn knh hay ch n hai
m
v kho ng cch gi a hai
m ny l bn knh R, gi tr R
c tr thnh m c
nh cho nh ng l n Fillet sau.
V i tr ng h p hai
ng th ng song song, ta khng c n nh p gi
tr bn knh v bn knh l m t n a kho ng cch gi a hai
ng song song.
Polyline: n u
n th ng ta c n bo cung thu c polyline, ch n tu ch n
ny AutoCAD s t
ng bo t t c cc
n th ng n i ti p nhau ( nh l giao
m c a hai phn
n th ng) trong polyline b i cc cung c bn knh nh
tr c.
Trim: ch n ty ch n ny, AutoCAD s

a ra dng l nh
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <Trim>: ch n T, sau khi bo cung
2 i t ng s t
ng c t b
n th a t i cc
m ti p xc ho c kodi n,
ch n N s khng ko di ho c khng c t i t i cc m ti p xc v i cung n i.
Tr
c Fillet
Sau Fillet ch n Trim
Sau Fillet ch n No trim
70
KS Nguy n H i H ng
MUltiple: sau khi th c hi n xong l n 1 ti p t c th c hi n l nh Fillet, nh n

Enter khi k t thc
III. L nh Chamfer
nh Chamfer dng
t om t
n xin gi a hai
n th ng hay ni
khc i l vt mp hai
n th ng. Trnh t th c hi n l nh Chamfer t ng t
nh Fillet. ruy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command : Chamfer
Command: Chamfer
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: M c nh
l ch n
n th nh t
Select second line : Ch n
n th hai
Polyline
: T ng t nh Fillet
Distance
: Dng l a ch n ny
nh p gi tr hai kho ng cch (t
m giao nhau c a hai
n th ng c n Chamfer n hai
mn ic a
ng
xin v i hai
n th ng)
Angle
: L a ch n ny cho php ta nh p gi tr kho ng cch th
nh t v gc c a
ng vt mp h p v i
ng th nh t.
Trim
: T ng t l nh Fillet.
Method
: Ch n m t trong hai ph ng php Distance v Angle
Multiple
: T ng t l nh Fillet.
Ch :
- Khi th c hi n l nh Chamfer v Fillet ta c th ch n m t i t ng n v m t
phn
n c a a tuy n.
- Ta khng th c hi n l nh Chamfer v Fillet v i hai i t ng l hai phn
n
a cc pline khc nhau, mu n th c hi n l nh chng ta ph i dng l nh. Explode
ph v m t trong hai pline thnh cc i t ng n sau th c hi n l nh.
IV.L nh Copy
nh Copy dng sao chp i t ng, truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Copy ho c Co
Command: Copy
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Select objects: Ch n i t ng
<Base point or displacement>/ Multiple: M c nh l ch n m c b n
u mu n copy t
i t ng thnh nhi u i t ng khc ta ch n M
Second point of displacement: nh m n
V. L nh Mirror
nh Mirror dng
t o i t ng m i i x ng v i
qua m t tr c no . Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Mirror ho c Mi
it
ng ch
copy,
nh
Command: Mi
Select objects: Ch n cc i t ng
th c php i x ng (c nt t) Select
objects: n Enter k t thc vi c l a ch n.
Specify first point of mirror line: Ch n m th nh t c a tr c i x ng.
Specify second point of mirror line: Ch n m th hai c a tr c i x ng.
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Xa i t ng
c ch n hay khng?
p N n u khng mu n xo, p Y n u mu n xo.
Ch : i v i i t ng l Text:
u mu n i t ng sau khi Mirror l i t ng i x ng c a Text
ch n, ta ph i t bi n h th ng MirrText = 1.
u mu n
i t ng sau khi Mirror v n gi nguyn tr t t ch , ta cho bi n h
th ng MirrText = 0 (dng l nh Setvar).
VI. Array
nh Array dng
sao chp cc i t ng
c ch n thnh dy hnh
ch nh t (Rectangular array) hay s p x p xung quanh tm (Polar array) v cc
dy ny c s p x p cch u nhau. Truy xu t l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Array ho c Ar
1. Rectangular Array
Dng
sao chp i t ng
c ch n thnh dy c s hng v s
72
t nh t
nh. Command: Array
KS Nguy n H i H ng
. Xu t hi n h p tho i
Ch n Rectangular Array.
Kch chu t vo nt Select objects, xu t hi n dng l nh.
Select objects : ch n cc i t ng c n sao chp.
Select objects : nh n ho c nh n Enter
k t thc vi c ch n. Sau khi ch n xong
quay tr l i h p tho i trn. T i l a ch n:
- Rows
: nh s hng mu n sao chp.
- Columns
: nh s c t mu n sao chp.
- Row offset : Nh p kho ng cch gi a cc hng.
- Row offset : Nh p kho ng cch gi a cc c t.
n OK k t thc l nh
Ch : Ta c th nh p kho ng cch d i d ng phn s .
2. Polar Array
a ch n ny dng
t o cc dy s p x p xung quanh m t tm
Command: Array
Ch n Polar Array
Kch chu t vo nt Select objects, xu t hi n dng l nh
Select objects
: Ch n cc i t ng c n sao chp
Select objects
: Nh n ho c nh n Enter k t thc vi c ch n. Sau
khi ch n xong quay tr l i h p tho i trn. T i l a ch n:
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Center point: Ch n tm c a dy theo to

X, Y
Trong h p tho i Method ta c th ch n hai trong ba l a ch n.
Ki u
(x p u xung
quanh tm)
- Total Number of Item: Xc l p t ng s ph n t trong m ng v a t o ra k c

ph n t b n ang t o m ng.
- Angle to Fill: Xc l p s
m m ng t o nn. V d t o m ng bao quanh n a
vng trn, xc l p
180 0. Gc n vo gi tr m s cng chi u kim ng h , gc c gi tr d ng s
ng c chi u kim ng h .
- Angle Between Item: Xc l p s
gi a m i ph n t trong m ng.
Ch n Rotate Item as Copied xoay cc i t ng m b n ang t o m ng, hu
ch n h p ny n u khng xoay chng.
n OK k t thc l nh.
VII. HI U CH NH I T
NG V I GRIPS ( nh )
Trong AutoCAD ta c th th c hi n cc l nh hi u ch nh: Stretch, Mirror,
Move, Copy, Scale, Rotate ... b ng cch dng GRIPS. GRIPS l cc vung
ng t nh cc vung truy b t, ta c th dng GRIPS thay th cc ph ng
php truy b t m. Ki u (x p u xung quanh tm).
nh Ddgrips v cc bi n
u khi n Grips
Ty thu c vo bi n Grips l ON hay OFF ta c th dng Grips
hi u
ch nh i t ng. Ta c th
nh bi n ny v thay i kch th c c ng nh thay
74
KS Nguy n H i H ng
i mu c a Grips b ng h p tho i Grips. lm xu t hi n h p tho i ny ta c

th g tr c ti p l nh Ddgrips ho c ch n trn Menu chnh: Tools\Grips...
Trong :
Enable Grips : Ch n m Grips
Enable Grips Within Blocks: T t c
i t ng c a Block u xu t hi n d u Grips
u trnh ny
c ch n, ng c l i d u Grips ch xu t hi n t i m chn kh i.
Unselected...
: Mu c a Grips khi ta ch n i t ng.
Selected
: Mu c a Grips khi ta lm nng (HOT) v chu n b th c hi n
nh hi u ch nh.
Grips Size
: Kch th c Grips.
1. Ch n i t ng v i Grips
Khi i t ng
c ch n v trn dng Command khng c b t k l nh
no hi n di n th cc d u Grips (Unselected...) s xu t hi n trn i t ng v
cc i t ng
c ch n ny s tr thnh
ng khu t.
2. S d ng ch
Grips
Ho c khi Grips ang tr ng thi HOT n u ta click phm ph i chu t, ta c
t menu th th c hi n cc l nh hi u ch nh nh Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale,
Mirror.
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CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG VIII.
THU T V NNG CAO

I. POINT
nh Point
c dng cho nhi u m c ch khc nhau nh : nh v
ng, giao
m, v tr
ng tim... trong tr ng h p ny xem Point l m t
ng c a AutoCAD, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Nh p vo t dng Command : Point ( ho c Po )
Trn Menu chnh: ch n Draw\Point\Single Point
i
i
Command: Point
Point: ch nh m
Ta c ng c th thay i kch c v hnh d ng c a Point b ng cch dng l nh
Ddptype nh sau:
Nh p vo t dng Command: Ddptype
Trn Menu chnh: ch n Format\Point Style...
Sau khi kch ng l nh Ddptype, AutoCAD s m h p tho i Point Style nh
hnh.
Trong :
- Mi n trn cng: L hnh d ng Point
- Point Size: Kch c Point
- Set Size Relative to Screen: Kch c t
mn hnh).
- Set Size inAbsolute Units:
nh kch th
ng
c tuy t
i so v i m hnh (theo % so v i
ic a
m (theo
nv v )
II. DIVIDE
nh DIVIDE dng
chia cc i t ng (line, arc, circle, pline, ...)
thnh cc
n c chi u di b ng nhau. T i cc
m chia c a i t ng s xu t
hi n m t m. g i l nh DIVIDE, th c hi n theo cch sau:
Nh p vo dng Command: Divide (ho c Div).
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Point\Divide
ng trn
c chia thnh 7
n:
Trn Menu mn hnh: Ch n ch n Draw\Point\Measure
ng Sopyline
c chia theo
di cho tr c th d b ng 40
Command: Div
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Select object to divide: Ch n i t ng mu n chia

n.
<Number of segments>/ Block: M c nh l nh s
n c n chia, n u nh p B
c l c n chn m t kh i (Block) vo cc
m chia. Khi AutoCAD a ti p
cc dng nh c sau:
Block name to insert: Nh p tn kh i c n chn.
Align block with object?<Y>: Mu n quay i t ng khi chn, n u ch n Y,
AutoCAD a ti p dng nh c sau:
Numbers of segment: S
n c n chia.
Vi c th hi n hnh d ng v kch c c a Point hon ton t ng t nh l nh Point
trong ph n I c a ch ng ny.
III. MEASURE
nh Mesure c ng t ng t nh l nh Divide, nh ng thay v phn chia i
ng thnh nh ng
n b ng nhau theo s
n cho tr c nh l nh Divide,
nh Mesure s phn chia
i t ng ra lm nhi u
n theo
di cho
tr c. Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Nh p vo t dng Command : Measure (ho c Me)
Trn Menu chnh: ch n Draw\Point\Measure
Command: Me
Select object to measure: ch n i t ng mu n phn chia theo s o
<Segment length>/ Block : m c nh l ch n chi u di
n, n u ch n B t c l
n chn Block vo m chia Khi AutoCAD a ti p cc dng nh c sau:
Block name to insert : nh p tn kh i c n chn
Align block with object?<Y> : mu n quay i t ng khi chn, n u ch n Y,
AutoCAD a ti p dng nh c sau:
Segment length : chi u di
n c n chia.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
IV. DONUT
nh Donut v hnh vnh kh n, gi ng nh v
ng trn c chi u r ng.
nh Donut c
ng knh trong v
ng knh ngoi. Khi:
- ng knh trong =
ng knh ngoi: Ta c
ng trn
- ng knh trong <
ng knh ngoi: Ta c
ng trn, chi u r ng l hi u
hai
ng knh.
- ng knh trong =
ng knh ngoi: Ta c hnh trn.
Th c hi n l nh Donut b ng cch:
Nh p vo t dng Command : Donut (ho c Doughnut)
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Donut
Command: Donut
Inside diameter <gi tr m c nh> nh p
ng knh trong
Outside diameter <gi tr m c nh>: nh p
ng knh ngoi
Center of doughnut: nh tm c a hnh vnh khuyn
Donut c th
c t mu hay ch g ch cho ty thu c vo tr ng thi ON
(hnh 6.4) hay OFF (hnh 6.5) c a l nh Fill
Command: Fill
ON/<OFF>: ON
V. RAY (TIA)
nh Ray dng
t o
ng d ng hnh (Construction Line hay CL). Ray
c gi i h n m t u cn u kia v t n, khng b nh h ng b i gi i h n v
(Limits), khi Zoom... Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Nh p vo dng Command: Ray
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Ray
Command: Ray
From point:
m b t u c a Ray, m 1 hnh
Through point:
m xc nh h ng c a Ray, m 2 hnh
Through point: Ti p t c t o h ng khc hay enter k t thc l nh
VI. XLINE
nh Xline, t ng t nh l nh Ray, c ng
c dng
t o
ng d ng
hnh nh ng Xline l
ng th ng khng c
m u v
m cu i. N u b c t
t u, Xline s tr thnh Ray. N u c t c hai u, Xline s tr thnh Line.
Th c hi n l nh Xline b ng cch:
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Nh p vo dng Command: Xline (hay Xl)

Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Construction Line
Command: Xl
XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:
Trong :
* Hor: T o Xline n m ngang. Ch n ty ch n ny, AutoCAD s
a ra ti p dng
nh c Through point: Ch n m m
ng n m ngang Xline s i qua.
* Ver: T o Xline th ng ng. Ch n ty ch n ny, AutoCAD s
a ra ti p dng
nh c Through point: ch n m m
ng th ng ng Xline s i qua.
* Ang: Ch n gc nghing cho
ng Xline. Ch n ty ch n ny,
AutoCAD s
a ra ti p dng nh c sau:
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]:
- M c nh l nh p gc nghing so v i
ng n m ngang, AutoCAD a ra
dng nh c Through point: ch n m m
ng xin Xline s i qua.
- N u nh p R: Th ta ch n
ng tham chi u v nh p gc nghing so v i
ng
tham chi u ny Select a line object: Ch n
ng tham chi u
Enter angle < > : Nh p gc nghing so v i
ng tham chi u
* Bisect: T o Xline trng v i
ng phn gic
c xc nh b i ba
m:
m
th nh t: Xc nh nh c a gc; m th hai v th ba:
xc nh gi tr gc. Ch n ty ch n ny AutoCAD s
a ra cc dng nh c sau
XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: n u nh p B
Specify angle vertex point: Ch n m lm nh gc
Specify angle start point: Ch n c nh th nh t c a gc
Specify angle end point: Ch n c nh th hai c a gc
* Offset: T o Xline song song v i m t
ng c s n. Ch n ty ch n ny
AutoCAD s
a ra nh ng dng nh c sau
XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: o
Specify offset distance or [Through] <50.0000>: Nh p kho ng cch
Select a line object: Ch n c nh m Xline s song song
Specify side to offset: Ch n h ng c a
ng song song
Select a line object: Ti p t c ch n hay enter k t thc l nh
VII. SKETCH
nh Sketch dng
v phc th o b ng tay. Khi v s hi n ln cc
n
th ng ng n lin t c theo s di chuy n c a con ch y. Dng l nh ny dung l ng
n v r t l n v AutoCAD ph i qu n l nhi u i t ng h n.
Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Command : Sketch
Record increament <1.0000>: Nh p gi tr m i
n th ng nh (b m chu t v v ).
Sketch. Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect. <Pen down> <Pen up>
Trong :
Record increament: Quy t nh
m n c a hnh v . Gi tr m c nh l 1.0000.
Gi tr ny cng nh th dung l ng b n v cng l n. Khi v t do v i l nh
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Sketch th Snap v Ortho ph i t t

hnh v khng b gy khc Sketch: G m c
Pen v Record.
* Pen
: G m Pen down v Pen up. Pen down: v , Pen up: khng v . Chuy n
i qua l i 2 ch c n ng ny b ng click nt tri chu t .
* Record : Ghi t t c cc
ng v phc t m th i tr c thnh
ng c
nh.
Sau khi ghi, cc
ng ny khng th hi u ch nh v i cc l a ch n c a Sketch.
* Exit
: Ghi t t c cc
ng t m v v thot kh i l nh Sketch.
* Quit
: Cho php thot kh i l nh Sketch v b t t c nh ng
ng v .
* Erase : Cho php xa m t cch ch n l c t v tr b t k c a
ng cho n
cu i, nh ng khng xa
c cc
ng Record.
* Connect : Cho php n i cc
ng phc th o sau khi nh c bt Lin quan t i
nh Sketch c bi n SKPOLY.
SKPOLY = 0: Cc
n th ng l cc i t ng line ring bi t.
SKPOLY = 1: Cc
n th ng n i k t l i thnh m t
ng lin t c.
VIII. POLYLINES (A TUY N)
1. V Polylines
nh Pline th c hi n nhi u ch c n ng h n l nh Line. N c th t o i
ng c
r ng, c th t o
c cc i t ng l cc
n th ng v cc cung
trn... Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Command : Pline ( hay Pl
Trn Menu chnh: ch n Draw\Polyline
1.1. Ch
n th ng
Command: Pline
Specify start point:ch n m b t u c a Pline.
Current line-width is 0.0000 chi u r ng hi n hnh c a pline l 0.
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: nh p t a
mk
ti p (truy b t m) hay p cc ch hoa s d ng cc l a ch n.
Trong :
* Close: ng pline b i 1
n th ng.
* Halfwidth: nh n a chi u r ng phn
ns pv .
Starting halfwidth < >: Nh p gi tr n a chi u r ng u phn
n.
Ending halfwidth < > : Nh p gi tr n a chi u r ng cu i phn
n.
* Length: V ti p m t phn
n c ph ng chi u nh
n th ng tr c . N u
phn
n tr c l cung trn th n s ti p xc cung trn
* Undo: H y phn
nv av .
* Width: nh chi u r ng phn
n s p v , t ng t Halfwidth.
1.2. Ch
v cung trn
Command: Pline
Specify start point: nh p t a
m b t u c a pline
Current line-width is 0.0000: Chi u r ng hi n hnh c a pline l 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Ch n A
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KS Nguy n H i H ng

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]:
Trong :
* Close: Cho php ta ng a tuy n b i 1 cung trn.
* Halfwidth, Width, Undo: T ng t nh ch
v
n th ng.
* Angle: T ng t nh l nh Arc khi ta nh p A s c dng nh c:
Included angle: nh p gi tr gc tm
Center/ Radius/ <Endpoint>: Ch n m cu i, tm ho c bn knh.
* CEnter: T ng t l nh Arc, khi ta nh p CE s c dng nh c:
Center point: Nh p t a
tm
Angle/ Length/ <Endpoint>:
* Direction: nh h ng c a
ng ti p tuy n v i
m u tin c a cung. Khi
ta nh p D s xu t hi n dng nh c sau:
Direction from starting point: Nh p gc hay ch n h ng.
Endpoint: Nh p t a
m cu i.
* Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong c a cung, khi p R s xu t hi n dng nh c:
Radius: Nh p gi tr bn knh.
Angle/ <Endpoint>:
* Second pt: Nh p t a
m th hai v m cu i c th xc nh cung trn
i qua 3 m. Khi p S s xu t hi n:
Second point: Nh p m th hai.
End point: Nh p m cu i
* Line: Tr v ch
v
n th ng.
2. Hi u ch nh Polylines - L nh Pedit
nh Pedit (Polyline edit) c r t nhi u l a ch n dng
hi u ch nh a
tuy n.
y. Ta ch trnh by hi u ch nh a tuy n 2D. Th c hi n l nh b ng
cch:
Command: Pedit
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Modify\Object\Polyline
Ta c th chia ra thnh 2 lo i hi u ch nh: Hi u ch nh ton b a tuy n v hi u
ch nh cc nh & cc phn
n a tuy n.
2.1. Hi u ch nh ton b
a tuy n
Command: Pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]:ch n a tuy n c n hi u ch nh
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]:
Trong :
* Close (Open): ng a tuy n ang m ho c m a tuy n ng.
* Join: n i cc
n th ng, cung trn ho c a tuy n v i cc a tuy n
c ch n
thnh 1 a tuy n chung (ch n i
c trong tr ng h p cc nh c a chng trng
nhau). Ch n ty ch n ny, s xu t hi n dng nh c:
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Select objects: Ch n cc i t ng c n n i v i a tuy n ch n

Select objects: Nh n ( k t thc l nh Sau khi xong), AutoCAD a ra thng bo:
n segments added to polyline: n
n
c c ng vo a tuy n.
* Width: nh chi u r ng m i cho
ng Pline. Ch n ty ch n ny, xu t hi n
dng nh c:
Enter new width for all segments: chi u r ng m i cho c a tuy n.
* Fit: Chuy n a tuy n thnh 1
ng cong l t p h p cc cung trn ti p xc
nhau, i qua cc nh c a a tuy n.
* Spline: Lm tr n cc gc c nh.
* Decurve: Chuy n cc phn
n l cc cung trn c a a tuy n thnh cc phn
n th ng.
* Undo: H y 1 l a ch n v a th c hi n.
* EXit: K t thc l nh Pedit.
2.2. Hi u ch nh cc nh v cc phn
n a tuy n
Khi ch n Edit vertex c a dng nh c chnh, ta chuy n sang ch
ch nh cc nh v cc phn
n.
hi u
Command: Pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]:ch n a tuy n c n hi u ch nh
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: E
Enter a vertex editing option.
[Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangent/Width/eXit] <N>:
Lc ny xu t hi n d u X, nh d u nh m chng ta c n hi u ch nh.
Trong :
Next
: D i nh n m k ti p.
Previous
: D i nh n m tr c .
Break
: Xa cc phn
n gi a cc nh m ta ch n, khi ch n B:
Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit:
Next, Previous : D i d u X n m c n xa.
Go
: Th c hi n ch c n ng xa.
EXit
: Thot kh i ty ch n Break.
Insert
: Chn 1 nh m i vo a tuy n, khi ch n I:
Enter location of new vertex: nh p t a c a nh m i
Move
: D i 1 nh c a a tuy n n v tr m i
Enter new location: Nh p t a
v tr m i c a nh
Regen
: C p nh t chi u r ng nt v m i v v l i hnh
Straighten : N n th ng cc phn
n n m gi a cc nh
c nh d u
Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit: th c hi n t ng t l nh Break.
Tangent
: nh h ng ti p tuy n t i cc nh c a
ng cong t o
c
khi Fit a tuy n, khi ch n T s xu t hi n dng nh c:
Direction of tangent: Ch n h ng ti p tuy n
Width
: nh chi u r ng nt v c a phn
n sau nh ang ch n c a
a tuy n:
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Enter starting width: Chi u r ng ban u phn

Enter ending width: Chi u r ng m cu i phn
EXit: Thot ra kh i ch
hi u ch nh nh.
n.
n.
IX. SPLINE
1. Th c hi n l nh Spline
nh Spline dng
t o
ng cong NURBS (Non Uniform Rational
Bezier Spline). L nh Spline c th t o cc
ng cong c bi t nh : Arc, Circle,
Ellipse...
ng Spline ny khc h n v i Pline Spline (
ng Spline t o t
a
tuy n Spline c a l nh Pedit). ng Spline i qua t t c cc
m m ta ch n,
cn
ng Pline Spline
c ko v cc nh a tuy n. Do , ta dng l nh
Spline
t o
ng cong chnh xc h n Pline. Khi s d ng l nh Spline, ta c n
xc nh cc
m m Spline s i qua v n u Spline m th ta c n ph i xc
nh thm
ng ti p tuy n v i Spline t i
m u v m cu i.
i l nh Spline b ng cch:
Command: Spline (ho c Spl )
Trn Menu chnh: ch n Draw\Spline
Command: Spline
Specify first point or [Object]: ch n m u cho Spline
Specify next point: ch n m k ti p
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:t a
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:t a
Specify start tangent: Ch n h ng ti p tuy n t i m u hay Enter ch

Specify end tangent: Ch n h ng ti p tuy n t i m cu i hay Enter ch
Cc ty ch n:
Objects: Chuy n
ng Pline Spline thnh
ng Spline.
m k ti p
m k ti p
n m c nh.
n m c nh.
Command: Spline
Object/ <Enter first point>: O
Select objects to convert to splines: ch n cc i t ng chuy n thnh Spline
Select objects : Ch n Pline Spline.
Select objects : Ch n Pline Spline ho c Enter k t thc vi c ch n.
Close
: ng kn
ng Spline.
Fit Tolerance : T o
ng cong Spline m n h n. Khi gi tr ny b ng 0 th
ng Spline i qua t t c cc
m ch n. Khi gi tr ny khc th
ng cong
ko ra xa cc m ny t o
ng cong m n h n.
Close/ Fit Tolerance/ <Enter point>: F
Enter Fit tolerance<0.0,0.0>: nh p gi tr d
ng
2. Hi u ch nh
ng Spline
nh Splinedit dng
hi u ch nh hnh d ng c a Spline. D a vo cc
m xc nh Spline, ta c hai nhm l a ch n
hi u ch nh Spline: DATA
83
KS Nguy n H i H ng
POINT v CONTROL POINT. Data Point l nh ng

m m Spline i qua,
cn Control Point l nh ng m khng n m trn Spline nh ng c tc d ng ko
ng Spline v h ng cc m ny.
i l nh b ng cc cch sau:
Command: Splinedit
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Modify\Object\Splinedit
Command: Splinedit
Select spline: Ch n Spline c n hi u ch nh.
Fit Data/ Close/ Move Vertex/ Refine/ rEverse/ Undo]: Dng nh c chnh c a
Spline.
2.1 Data Point
i dng nh c chnh, ta ch n F (Fit Data)
hi u ch nh theo Data Point,
AutoCAD a ra dng nh c sau:
Add/ Close/ Delete/ Move/ Purge/ Tangents/ toLerance/ eXit <eXit>:
Trong :
Add
: Thm Data Point vo Spline. ng Spline thay i v i qua
m m i nh p vo, t i dng nh c Enter point:, ta ch n 1
m trn Spline th
m v
m ti p sau s
c t m mu. ta c th nh p
m m i vo
gi a 2 m
c nh d u ny.
Enter point
: Ch n 1 m trn Spline
Enter new point : V tr c a m m i
Close/ Open : ng
ng Spline ang m (ty ch n Close) ho c m
Spline ang ng (Open)
Move
: Dng d i 1 m Data Point n v tr m i, ch n M
xu t hi n dng nh c:
Next, previous/ Select Point/ eXit/ <Enter new location> <N>: Dng N, P ch n
m k ti p ho c S l m ang ch n xc nh m c n d i, sau ch n v
tr m i.
Delete
:
xa cc m ra kh i Spline.
Purge: Xa t t c cc
m c a Spline. cc
m ny xu thi n tr l i, ta
ch n Undo t i dng nh c k .
Tangents
: Thay i h ng cc
ng ti p tuy n t i cc
m u v
cu i c a Spline.
ToLerance
: T ng t ty ch n Fit Tolerance c a l nh Spline.
2.2 Control Point
Trn dng nh c chnh c a Spline, ngo i tr ty ch n Fit Data, cc ty
ch n cn l i u dng hi u ch nh cc m Control Point
ngh a cc ty ch n:
Close/ Open : ng
ng Spline ang m (ty ch n Close) ho c m
Spline ang ng (Open)..
Move Vertex : D i 1 m u khi n b t k
Refine
: Ch n ty ch n ny s lm xu t hi n dng nh c
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Add control point/ Elevate Order/ Weight/ eXit <eXit>:

Trong :
- Add control point : Thm
m
u khi n vo Spline. T i dng nh c Select a
point on the Spline ch n 1 m g n v tr m u khi n mu n thm vo.
- Elevate Order
: Thm s cc
m vo theo chi u di
ng Spline. Nh p
gi tr t n n 26 v i n l s cc
m u khi n ang c + 1
- Weight
: Gi tr Weight c a 1
m
u khi n cng l n th
ng
Spline s i g n m ny h n.
Enter new weight (current=1.0000) or Next/ Previous/ elect point/ eXit <N> :
Reverse
: o ng c th t cc m u khi n c a Spline.
X. MULTILINE
nh Mline (Multiline) dng v cc
ng song song, m i
ng song
song
c g i l thnh ph n (element) c a
ng Mline. T i a ta t o
c 16
thnh ph n. Tr c khi th c hi n l nh, ta c n nh ki u cho Multiline, sau khi
n, ta c th hi u ch nh n.
1. nh ki u a tuy n_L nh Mlstyle
Truy xu t l nh b ng cch:
- Command: Mlstyle
- Trn Menu chnh: ch n Format\Multiline Style...
Command: Mlstyle
Khi th c hi n l
Dng ghi ki
Set Current
New
Modify
Rename
Delete
nh Mlstyle, xu t hi n h p tho i Multiline Style (nh hnh)

u Mline, g i 1 ki u Mline tr thnh hi n hnh, t o m i, ...
: Tn ki u Mline hi n hnh
: t tn m i cho Mline v khai bo nh h p tho i bn / Ok
: G i l i ki u Mline khai bo ch n
:
i tn
: Xa
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Load...
: T i 1 ki u Mline t cc file c ph n m r ng. MLN
Save
: H p tho i Save Multiline Style xu t hi n (nh hnh), t o th
c, t tn
Save Multiline Style
2. Th c hi n l nh a tuy n_L nh Mline

Sau khi t o
c ki u a tuy n, ta th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Command: Mline (hay Ml )
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Multiline
Command: Mline
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]:
Trong :
Justification: Nh p J xu t hi n dng
Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: Trong
nh v tr
ng Mline b ng
ng tm (Zero offset element),
ng trn (Top
offset element - hay n m bn tri
ng tm n u nhn theo h ng v ) ho c
ng d i (Bottom offset element - n m bn ph i
ng tm)
Scale: nh t l cho kho ng cch gi a cc thnh ph n bin
ng Mline. Ph
thu c vo ki u
ng Mline ta nh p cc gi tr khc nhau. N u ki u
ng
Mline l STANDARD th kho ng cch gi a
ng tm v i 2
ng Mline l
+0.5 v -0.5. Do t l b ng chi u r ng gi a cc thnh ph n. V d Scale = 20
th kho ng cch gi a cc element bin l 20.
STyle: Ch n ki u
ng Mline. t o ki u Mline, ta s d ng l nh Mlstyle
3. Hi u ch nh a tuy n_L nh Mledit
hi u ch nh a tuy n, ta dng l nh Mledit. Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Mledit
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Modify\Object\Multiline
Hnh:Multiline Edit Tools
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
C 4 b
hi u ch nh Mline, l: Cross, Tee, Coner, Cut.
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD a ra h p tho i (nh hnh 6.12)
3.1. Cross (ng t )
Lo i ny bao g m Closed Cross (ng t kn), Open Cross (ng t h ),
Merged Cross
- Closed Cross: Mline ch n tr c b trim t i nh ng giao m v i Mline th hai.
- Open Cross: Hai Mline ch n u b c t, t o thnh ng t h .
- Merged Cross: Tch nh ng ph n t pha ngoi v gi nguyn ph n t trung
tm c a m i Mline t i ch giao nhau, th t ch n Mline khng nh h ng.
3.2. Tee (ng ba)
o ng ba gi a hai Mline, Trim hay Extend c a Mline ch n
gi ng nh Cross v i 3 hnh th c Closed Tee, Open Tee, Merged Tee.
u tin,
3.3. Corner (gc)

Thay i nh ng nh c a 1 hay 2 Mline bao g m Joint ( 1-3), Delete ( 2- 3),
Add ( 3-3).
- Corner Joint: T o gc gi a hai Mline, v tr
m ch n trn Mline u tin s
quy t nh ph n gi l i c a Mline.
- Add Vertex: Thm nh t i m ch n c a Mline.
- Delete Vertex: B b t nh c a Mline t i m ch n.
3.4 Cut (c t)
Lo i ny dng c t b hay n i l i 1
n Mline hay 1 vi ph n t trong
Mline, bao g m Cut Single ( 1-4: C t 1 ph n t trong Mline), Cut All ( 2-4:
t t t c cc ph n t trong Mline), Weld All ( 3-4: N i l i nh ng Mline b c t)
XI. ELLIPSE
nh Ellipse dng v
ng Elip, truy xu t l nh b ng cch:
- nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Ellipse
- Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Ellipse
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Ty thu c vo bi n PELLIPSE,
ng Elip c th l:
- PELLIPSE = 1:
ng Elip l 1 a tuy n, a tuy n ny l t p h p cc cung
trn, ta c th s d ng l nh Pedit hi u ch nh.
- PELLIPSE = 0:
ng Elip l
ng Spline, y l 1
ng cong NURBS
(xem l nh Spline) v ta khng th Explode n
c. N u bi n PELLIPSE = 0, ta
c 3 ph ng php t o Elip:
1. Nh p t a
m t tr c v kho ng cch n a tr c th hai.
2. Nh p tm, m cu i m t tr c v kho ng cch n a tr c th hai.
3. T o m t cung Elip.
1. T a
m t tr c v kho ng cch n a tr c cn l i
Command: Ellipse
Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: nh p t a
m th nh t c a tr c th nh t
Axis endpoint 2: nh p t a
m th hai c a tr c th nh t.
<Other axis distance>/Rotation: ch n m th ba lm kho ng cch n a tr c cn
i hay c th nh p kho ng cch tr c ti p (hnh 6.13a). Ty ch n Rotation dng
xc nh n a kho ng cch tr c cn l i theo gc. N u ch n R, AutoCAD s
a ti p dng nh c
a/ Ellipse b ng cch dng kho ng cch.
b/ Ellipse b ng cch quay.
Rotation about major axis: nh p gc so v i tr c th nh t.

2. Tm v cc tr c
Command: Ellipse
Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: ch n C
Center of Ellipse: ch n m lm tm c a Ellipse
Axis endpoint: ch n m xc nh tr c th nh t
<Other axis distance>/ Rotation: ch n m th hai
Ty ch n R t ng t nh m c XI.1.
xc
nh tr c th hai.
3. V cung Elip
Ty ch n Arc trong l nh Ellipse cho php ta v cung Elippse. Cung
Ellipse s
c v ng c chi u kim ng h t ng t l nh Arc. u tin, ta nh
ng Ellipse, sau nh m u v m cu i c a cung.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Command: Ellipse
Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: A
<Axis endpoint 1>/ Center: Ch n m u c a tr c th nh t (hnh 6.14a)
Axis endpoint 2: ch n m th hai c a tr c th nh t (hnh 6.14b)
<Other axis distance>/ Rotation: Kho ng cch n a tr c th hai
Parameter/ <Start angle>: Ch n m hay nh p gi tr gc
Parameter/ Included/ <End angle>: Ch n m 2 hay nh p gi tr gc
XII. HATCHING
1. V m t c t (l nh Bhatch)
nh Bhatch dng
v k hi u c a v t li u trn m t c t trong m t
ng
bin kn. v t li u c th hi n th , ta m l nh Fill b ng cch g tr c ti p t bn
phm nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Fill
ON/OFF: Ch n ON
i l nh Bhatch v m t c t, ta c th dng cc cch sau:
- nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Bhatch
- Trn Menu chnh: ch n Draw\Hatch...
Khi ta th c hi n xong, AutoCAD s
a ra h p h i tho i sau.
2. Ch n m u m t c t (Pattern Type)
a ch n ny dng
ch n d ng cc m u m t c t: Predifined, Userdefined, Custom nh hnh trn.
Chon mau mat cat
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Predefined : Lo i c s n trong AutoCAD trong t p tin Acad.pat. ch n

a m u m t c t, ta c th click vo Pattern... hay click vo hnh nh (bn
ph i Pattern).
User-defined : S d ng cc lo i pattern do ta t o tr c.
Custom
: S d ng cc file *.pat
c t o t nh ng ngu n khc.
3. Gn cc tnh ch t cho m u m t c t (Pattern Properties)
g i
c Tool Properies. Tr c tin b n b m t h p phm (Ctrl+3),
sau vo chu t ph i m t no ch n properties. H p tho i tool properties
gip cc b n ch n ki u m t c t, mu, gc,
4. Xc nh vng v m t c t (Boundaries)
Mi n Boundaries dng
nh mi n Hatch g m cc ty ch n nh sau:
- Add Pick Point: ch n ty ch n ny AutoCAD s yu c u ch n m bn trong
ng bin, AutoCAD s t
ng xc nh
ng bin cho chng ta, y l cch
n gi n nh t xc nh mi n hatch.
- Add Select Objects: ch n mi n hatch b ng cch ch n i t ng, cch ny ch
hi u qu
i v i cc polyline khp kn.
90
KS Nguy n H i H ng
- Remove Boundaries: Cho php l p y cc i t ng nh (Islands) bn trong

i t ng m ta c n hatch.
- View Selection: Cho php xem
ng bin ch n tr c khi hatch.
+ Island Detection: N u ch n ny th cc Islands bn trong

ng bin kn s
c ch n khi dng Pick point xc nh
ng bin.
+ Boundary Style: Ch n cc ki u v m t c t, c 3 ki u: Normal, Outer v Ignore
(hnh trn).
Retain Boundaries: N u khng ch n ty ch n ny th sau khi hatch xong
AutoCAD s t
ng xa
ng bao chung quanh; n u ch n, AutoCAD s gi
i
ng bao sau khi hatch.
91
CH
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG IX.
V KCH TH
I. TEXT
1. T o ki u ch (l nh Style)
Tr c khi vi t ch cho b n v , vi c u tin l t o ki u ch , l nh Style
gip ta th c hi n u ny. Th c hi n l nh Style b ng cch:
* Trn dng Command : Style ho c St ho c -Style
* Trn Menu chnh: Format\Text Style...
* Trn Menu mn hnh: Format\Style
u ta g vo dng Command ch - Style, ta s
i tho i tr c ti p v i
AutoCAD, cc cch th c hi n cn l i s
c AutoCAD a ra h p h i tho i sau:
Text Style
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Trong :
a. Trnh Style Name
* Style Name : Dng hi n th tn c a ki u Text
* New...
: T o ki u Text m i
* Rename... : i tn Style c s n
* Delete
: Xa tn Style khng c n thi t
b. Trnh Font
* Font Name : Ch n Font ch
* Font Style : Ch n ki u ch Th ng (Regular), In (Bold), Nghing (Italic) ..
* Height
: Chi u cao ch (n u ta khng nh chi u cao ch vo ny, th
khi g i l nh Text, ta c th thay i
c chi u cao ch trong m i l n vi t, cn
khi ta nh p chi u cao ch khc 0, AutoCAD s khng hi n th dng Height trong
i l n th c hi n l nh Text).
c. Trnh Effects
* Upside down: Ch
i x ng g ng theo ph ng ngang.
* Backwards : Ch
i x ng nhau theo ph ng th ng ng.
* Vertical
: Ch
c vi t t ng k t m t v vi t t trn xu ng d i.
* Width Factor: t l cc ch ; n u b ng 1: Ch c t l bnh th ng; n u nh h n
1: Ch co l i; n u l n h n 1: Ch gin ra. Theo tiu chu n:
- H s chi u r ng cho ch hoa v ch s l 5/7
- H s chi u r ng cho ch th ng l 4/7
* Oblique Angle:
nghing so v i ph ng th ng ng c a ch . N u b ng 0:
ch th ng ng; n u > 0: Ch nghing sang ph i; n u < 0: ch nghing sang ri.
Ch ch ghi trong b n v ph i th ng ng (gc nghing 00) ho c nghing so
i m t ph ng n m ngang 1 gc 750 (t c l
nghing khi nh p vo ny l 15)
d. Trnh Preview
Gip ta c th xem tr c
c ki u ch , thu c tnh c ng nh cc cch th
hi n Text
Sau khi th c hi n cc trnh trn, ta click vo nt ch n Apply; n u h y
l nh, ta nh p vo nt ch n Cancel.
2. Nh p ch vo b n v
2.1. Bi n Textfill
Bi n Textfill c 2 ch
: t t (OFF) v m (ON). Khi Textfill: ON, ch s
c t y, ng c l i ch s r ng (ch th hi n
ng vi n). Th c hi n l nh
ng cch:
Command: Textfill ( (ch n 1: ON; ch n 0: OFF)
2.2. L nh Dtext
nh Dtext cho php ta nh p cc dng ch vo b n v t bn phm. Trong
t l nh Dtext, ta c th nh p nhi u dng ch n m cc v tr khc nhau v
dng ch s xu t hi n trn mn hnh trong khi ta th c hi n l nh.
* Trn thanh Draw: Click vo bi u t ng
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
* Trn dng Command: Dtext

* Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Text\Single Line Text
* Trn Menu mn hnh: Draw 2\Dtext
Command: Dtext
Justify/Style/ <Start point>: Ch n m canh l tri
Height < >: Chi u cao ch . Theo tiu chu n, chi u cao ch hoa c gi tr : 14;
10; 7; 5; 3.5; 2.5 mm. Chi u cao ch th ng
c l y b ng 5/7 cc chi u cao
ch hoa Rotation angle <0.0000>:
nghing c a dng ch so v i ph ng n m
ngang v quay theo chi u d ng.
Text: Nh p dng Text t bn phm.
Text: Ti p t c nh p Text ho c Enter k t thc l nh.
Cc l a ch n:
Start point:
m b t u vi t Text.
Style: Ch n ki u ch nh. Ch n S (Style) s xu t hi n ti p dng nh c.
Style name (or ?): Nh p tn ki u ho c ch n ? li t k t t c cc ki u nh.
Justify: Khi p J s xu t hi n ti p dng nh c:
Align/ Fit/ Center/ Middle/ Right/ TL/ TC/ TR/ ML/ MC/ MR/ BL
Trong :
* Align: Ch nh p vo n m gi a 2
m nh tr c. T s gi a chi u cao v
chi u r ng dng ch ph thu c vo Width Factor. Do ng v i kho ng cch
cho tr c, AutoCAD t
ng nh chi u cao Text.
* Fit: T ng t Align nh ng chi u cao
c xc nh, ty ch n ny b qua t l
gi a chi u cao v chi u r ng ch .
* Cc ty ch n khc: T (top: trn), B (bottom: d i), L (left: tri), R (right:
ph i), M (middle: gi a theo ph ng th ng ng), C (center: gi a theo ph ng
ngang).
ng k t
c bi t
c ch G t bn phm K t qu
ch trn %%Oacad Acad
ch d i %%Uacad Acad
K hi u
50%%d 500
K hi u c ng,tr %%p40 40
K hi u
ng knh %%c30
30
2.3. L nh Text
nh Text c ng t ng t nh Dtext, nh ng ta ch c th ghi
c 1 dng
ch m thi v dng ch ny ch xu t hi n khi ta k t thc l nh. Th c hi n l nh
ng cch:
* Trn dng Command: Text
Command: Text
Justify/ Style/ <Start point>: Ch n m canh l
Height < > : Chi u cao dng Text
Rotation angle <0.0000>: Gc nghing c a Text
Text: Nh p dng ch vo b n v , sau (s k t thc l nh)
94
KS Nguy n H i H ng
2.4. L nh Mtext
nh Mtext cho php t o 1 an v n b n
c gi i h n b i
ng bin l
khung hnh ch nh t. o n v n b n ny l 1 i t ng duy nh t c a AutoCAD,
ta c th ph v
n v n b n ny thnh nh ng dng Text ring l b ng l nh
Explode.
Th c hi n l nh Mtext b ng m t trong nh ng cch sau y:
* Trn dng Command: Mtext
* Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Text\Multiline Text
* Trn Menu mn hnh: Draw 2\Mtext
Command: Mtext
Current text style: STANDARD. Text height: 100
Specify first corner:
m g c th nh t
nv nb n
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Rotation/Style/Width]:
di n hay ch n cc l a ch n cho
n v n b n.
mg c
3. Hi u ch nh Text
3.1. L nh Ddedit
nh Ddedit cho php thay i n i dung dng Text v nh ngh a thu c
tnh. Th c hi n l nh b ng m t trong cc cch sau (c th b m hai l n chu t tri
li n k )
Trn dng Command: DDedit
Nh p hai l n chu t tri vo ch c n s a. N u nh ng ch ta c n hi u ch nh
c th c hi n t l nh Mtext s xu t hi n h p tho i nh hnh:
Ddedit c a dtex
ddedit c a mtext
3.2. L nh Ddmodify
- Thay i t t c cc c tnh lin quan t i dng Text b ng h p tho i
- Th c hi n l nh b ng m t trong cc cch sau:
* Trn dng Command: DDmodify
* Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Properties...
Command: DDmodify
Cad 2007 vi c ch nh th c hi n rong h p tho i Properties
AutoCAD s
95
KS Nguy n H i H ng
a ra h p tho i nh hnh
4. L nh Qtext
Nh m lm t ng t c
hi n th v truy xu t b n v . L nh ny thay th cc
dng ch thnh nh ng hnh ch nh t. M c nh Qtext l OFF (hi n th dng
Text), khi gi tr
ny ON: Cc dng Text s
c thay th b ng nh ng hnh ch nh t
Command: Qtext
ON/OFF < >: G vo ON hay OFF
II. DIMENSIONING (
NG KCH TH
II.1. Cc thnh ph n c a kch th c
First Extension Line(ng giong th nhat)
Second Extension Line(ng giong th hai)
Arrow(Mui ten)
Dimension Text(Ch so kch thc)
Dimension Line (ng kch thc)
C)
96
KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.2. nh ki u kch th c
thay i cc bi n kch th c v t o cc ki u kch th c, ta dng l nh
Ddim, th c hi n l nh b ng m t trong cc cch sau:
Command: Ddim ho c D
Trn Menu chnh: Format / Dimension Style...
Sau khi th c hi n l nh s xu t hi n h p tho i Dimension Style nh hnh.
Trong :
Set Current : L a ch n tn ki u kch th c lm kch th c hi n hnh
New
:T om i
t o cc ch s ,
ng ging,
ng kch th c, m i tn Ch n modify.
p tho i Modify nh hnh g m 7 th (h ng d n c th khi h c th c hnh).
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
II.3. Ghi kch th c( nh hnh bn trn )

Cch n gi n nh t l dng cc bi u t ng trn thanh cng c Dimension
Ghi kch th c th ng
nh Dimlinear: Dng ghi kch th c n m ngang v th ng ng
Command: Dimlinear ho c Dimlin
nh Dimaligned: Dng ghi kch th c xin
Command: Dimaligned ho c Dimali
Ghi kch th c h ng tm (bn knh,
ng knh)
nh Dimdiameter: dng ghi kch th c
ng knh
Command: Dimdiameter ho c Dimdia
98
KS Nguy n H i H ng
nh Dimradius: Dng ghi kch th c bn knh

Command: Dimradius ho c Dimrad
nh Dimcenter: Dng
v d u tm (Center Mark) hay
ng tm (Center
Line) c a
ng trn hay cung trn
Command: Dimcenter ho c DCE
Ghi kch th c gc (l nh Dimangular)
nh Dimangular: Dng ghi kch th c gc
Command: Dimangular ho c Dimang
Ghi kch th c theo
ng d n (l nh Leader)
nh Leader: dng ghi ch thch
Command:Leader ho c Lead ho c Le
Ghi chu i kch th c
1. Ghi chu i kch th c song song (l nh Dimbaseline).
Dng l nh ny ta s ghi
c kch th c song song v i kch th c v a
ghi v cng cng
ng ging th nh t v i kch th c v a ghi.
Command: Dimbaseline ho c Dimbase ho c Dba
2. Ghi chu i kch th c lin t c (l nh Dimcontinue)
II.4. Hi u ch nh ch s kch th c
nh DimTEdit
nh DimTEdit cho php ta thay i v tr v ph ng c a ch s kch th c m t
cch lin k t (Left: tri, Right: ph i, Home: khng i, Angle: quay ch s kch
th c 1 gc no so v i ph ng n m ngang).
Command :DimTEdit ho c DimTEd
nh DimEdit
nh DimEdit dng
thay i
nghing ch s kch th c v c a
ng
ging ang hi n th trn mn hnh
Command: DimEdit
Dimension Edit (Home/New/Rotate/Oblique) <Home>:
Home
:
a ch s kch th c tr v v tr ban u (sau khi ta quay ch s
kch th c).
New
: Thay i gi tr c a ch s kch th c
Rotate
: Quay ch s kch th c 1 gc so v i ph ng n m ngang
Oblique :
t nghing
ng ging so v i
ng kch th c. S d ng ty
ch n ny ghi kch th c hnh chi u tr c o.
II.5. Hi u ch nh kch th c lin k t
Hi u ch nh kch th c b ng GRIPS
99
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Dng GRIPS, ta c th hi u ch nh v tr c a cc
ng kch th c, ch s
kch th c, theo gi tr c a ch s kch th c s thay i theo n u ta co gin
kch th c. hi u ch nh b ng GRIPS, ta s ch n kch th c, sau s ch n
t trong cc vung hi n th trn kch th c n khi vung i mu, ta di
chuy n n v tr m i.
Ph v kch th c b ng l nh EXPLODE.
Kch th c lin k t l
t i t ng duy nh t, do khi mu n xa kch th c, ta ch c n ch n b t k
t thnh ph n no trong kch th c lin k t Khi ta dng l nh Explode
ph v kch th c, ta khng th hi u ch nh kch th c b ng GRIPS ng th i
khi ta thay i thu c tnh kch th c n s khng tc d ng i v i nh ng kch
th c b ph v k t c u (Explode).
Hi u ch nh kch th c b ng l nh DDMODIFY
nh DdModify dng
thay i tnh ch t v t t c cc bi n kch th c,
i dung c a ch s kch th c. Khi ta ch n l nh hi u ch nh ny, h p tho i
properties xu t hi n v cc ty ch n c ng t ng t nh khi ta nh c u hnh kch
th c.
100
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG X
THU T HI U CH NH NNG CAO

Trong ch ng ny chng ta s
c p n cc l nh hi u ch nh cao c p c a
AutoCAD nh l nh DDCHPROP, DDMODIFY, CHANGE
ng th i l y
thng tin t
n v nh : Di n tch, Chu vi... c a i t ng.
I. L NH DDCHPROP
nh Ddchprop ch hi u ch nh cc tnh ch t c bi t c a i t ng nh :
mu, l p, lo i nt, b dy i t ng... Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Ddchprop
AutoCAD m h p tho i properties, ch nh i t ng c n ch nh s a v khai bo
cc ch nh s a rong h p tho i
II.
NH DDMODIFY
nh Ddmodify cho php hi u ch nh i t ng v t t c nh ng tnh ch t
a i t ng, ng v i m i lo i i t ng, AutoCAD m h p tho i Modify
ng ng nh hnh 8.1, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command : Ddmodify
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Ch n Modify\Properties...
Dng phm t t: Ctrl+1
AutoCAD m h p tho i properties, ch nh i t ng c n ch nh s a v khai bo
cc ch nh s a rong h p tho i
III. L NH CHANGE
nh Change x l i t ng nh l nh Ddchprop nh ng khng m h p
tho i ch giao di n v i AutoCAD qua dng l nh, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Change
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD m ra cc dng sau:
Select Object: Ch nh i t ng
Properties/<Change point>: Default l xc nh m thay i, n u ta ch n
Properties, AutoCAD yu c u xc nh m t s ty ch n sau:
Change What Property (Color/Elev/layer/Ltype/ItScale/Thickness)?
IV.
Y THNG TIN B N V HI N HNH
IV.1. nh Status
nh Status cung c p cho chng ta tnh tr ng c a b n v hi n hnh, th c hi n
nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Status
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Tools\Inquiry\ Status
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD m Text Window thng bo tnh tr ng b n
hi n hnh.
IV.2.
nh Dblist
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
nh Dblist cung c p nh ng thng tin c a t t c

i t ng trong b n v
hi n hnh, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Dblist
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD m Text Window thng bo cc thng tin
at tc
i t ng trong b n v hi n hnh.
IV.3.
nh List
nh List cung c p nh ng thng tin c a cc
hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: List
it
ng
c ch n, th c
Trn thanh cng c Object Properties: Click vo bi u t ng

thanh
Inquiry.
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Tools\Inquiry\ List
Sau khi l nh
a ra ti p yu c u:
Select objects: Ch n i t ng sau enter
AutoCAD s m ra c a s
thng bo thng tin c a i t ng
c ch n trn
AutoCad Text Window
IV.4.
nh Dist
nh Dist cung c p cho ta kho ng cch gi a hai
m v gc ph ng c a
n th ng , th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Dist
Trn thanh cng c Inquiry:click vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Tools\Inquiry\ Distance
Sau khi l nh
a ra ti p yu c u:
First point: nh m th nh t
Second point: nh m th hai
V d : C n bi t kho ng cch gi a 2
m trn m t
n th ng n m ngang c a
hnh ch nh t, ta th c hi n:
Command: Dist
Specify first point:
Specify second point:
Sau khi ch n xong 2 m, AutoCAD s
a ra thng tin sau:
Distance = 25.0000, Angle in XY Plane = 0, Angle from XY Plane = 0
Delta X = 25.0000, Delta Y = 0.0000, Delta Z = 0.000
IV.5. L nh ID
nh ID cung c p cho chng ta thng tin v v tr c a cc
nv ,
th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: ID
Trn thanh cng c Inquiry: Click vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Tools\Inquiry\ ID point
Command: ID
it
ng trn
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Point:
IV.6.
nh iem tren oi tng

nh Area
nh Area cung c p cho ta thng tin v Di n tch, Chu vi
th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
it
ng,
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Area

Trn thanh cng c Inquiry: Click vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Tools\Inquiry\ Area
Command: Area
AutoCAD a ra tu ch n
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:
Trong :
Object: Ch n i t ng c n bi t di n tch v chu vi
Add: C ng thm i t ng vo.
Subtract: Tr b t i t ng ra
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: o (g o)
Select objects: Ch n i t ng
Area = 1250.0000, Perimeter = 150.0000
IV.7. L nh Mass Properties
nh Mass Properties cung c p cho ta nh ng thng tin v kh i l ng,
th tch, moment qun tnh, tr ng tm... c a v t th
c (solid), th c hi n l nh
ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Massprop
Trn thanh cng c Inquiry: click lick vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: ch n Tools\Inquiry\ Mass Properties
Command: Massprop
Select objects: Ch n i t
ng
IV.8. L nh Calculator (CAL)

nh CAL tnh ton bi u th c theo quy t t ton h c chu n v th t u
tin: Nh ng bi u th c trong ngo c n
c tnh tr c, c th nh sau: Cc ton
c s p theo th t u tin: u tin l s m , ti p theo l nhn v chia, v
cu i cng l c ng v tr . Cc ton t ngang b ng s
c x p u tin theo th
t tri sang ph i
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Cal
Trn thanh cng c Standard: Click vo bi u t ng
nh Cal c th tnh
c cc bi u th c s h c thng th
vector.
ng v bi u th c
IV.8.1. Bi u th c s h c (Numeric Expressions)

Bi u th c s h c l nh ng con s th c, s t nhin... v nh ng hm s
c n i k t b i nh ng ton t sau:
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Ton t Php ton

()
Nhm bi u th c
^
Bi u th cho s m , l y th a
*,/
Nhn, Chia
+, C ng, tr
Sau y l nh ng v d v cch tnh cc bi u th c s h c:
3
3 + 0.6
(5.8^2) + PI
IV.8.2. Bi u th c vector (Vector Expressions)
Bi u th c Vector l t p h p c a nh ng di m, vector, cc con s v nh ng
hm s
c lin k t v i nh ng ton t sau:
Ton t Php ton ( ) Nhm bi u th c & Tch h u h ng, k t qu d ng vector
[a,b,c]&[x,y,z] = [ (b*z) - (c*y) , (c*x) - (a*z) , (a*y) - (b*x) ]
* Tch v h ng, k t qu d ng s th c
[a,b,c]*[x,y,z] = ax + by + cz
* , / Nhn, Chia s th c v i 1 vector
a*[x,y,z] = [a*x, a*y, a*z]
+, - C ng, tr cc vector (t a
c a nh ng m)
[a,b,c] + [x,y,z] = [a+x, b+y, c+z]
104
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG XI
KH I V THU C TNH
(BLOCKS V ATTRIBUTES)
Kh i l m t i t ng duy nh t c a AutoCAD, n c th l m t nhm i
ng, 1 b n v t o thnh m t i t ng duy nh t. Vi c s d ng kh i gip ta ti t
ki m
c th i gian v b ng cch t o th vi n nh ng hnh m u s d ng chung
cho nhi u b n v , sau ny khi c n ta chn vo ch khng c n ph i v l i. Ngoi
ra khi t o kh i ta c ng c n xc nh nh ng thu c tnh c a n. Ta l n l t i vo
nh ng v n v a nu.
I. L NH BLOCK
nh Block t o kh i ch c gi tr trong b n v hi n hnh. Th c hi n l nh
ng cc cch sau:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Block
Trn thanh cng c Draw: Click vo bi u t ng
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Block\Make
Command: Block
Name
: nh tn kh i.
Base point
: Ch n m chn cho kh i.
Select Objects : Ch n cc i t ng t o kh i.
Ch :
- Khi nh ngh a Block v i cc i t ng
c v trn l p khc l p 0, khi
chn vo b n v n v n mang tnh ch t c a l p t o nn n.
- Khi nh ngh a Block v i cc i t ng
c v trn l p 0, khi chn vo
n v n s mang tnh ch t c a l p hi n hnh.
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
II. L NH WBLOCK
Khi nh ngh a i t ng b ng l nh Wblock, ta c th chn kh i
ct o
ra vo b t c b n v no ta mu n, v khi i t ng
c ghi l i thnh 1 file
n v c a AutoCAD.
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Wblock
Command: Wblock
AutoCAD m h p tho i nh hnh
Tu ch n
ch n
i dng File name and path:
ng d n
t tn cho block v ch n n i l u
III. L NH INSERT, DDINSERT

AutoCAD cung c p cho ta cc l nh Insert, Ddinsert
chn kh i vo b n
, th c hi n l nh b ng cc cch sau:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Ddinsert (hay Insert)
Trn thanh cng c Draw: Click vo bi u t ng Insert block
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Ch n Insert\Block...
T a
chn
ch n
ng
Gc hnh chn
T l kch
th c chn
106
IV. L NH MINSERT
nh MINSERT gip ta chn Block thnh nhi u
p tr c, gi ng nh l n Array, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Minsert
KS Nguy n H i H ng
it
ng theo s s p
Command: Minsert
Enter block name or [?]: Br2 ( a tn block c n chn)
Units: Millimeters Conversion: 1.0000 ( nh m chn)
Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: x (t l theo x)
Specify X scale factor or [Corner] <1>: 1
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: y (t l theo y)
Requires numeric value.
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: 1
Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: z (t l theo z)
Requires numeric distance or second point.
Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: 1
Specify rotation angle <0>: nh gc quay
Enter number of rows (---) <1>: nh s hng
Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: nh s c t
Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): nh kho ng cch gi a cc hng
Specify distance between columns (|||): nh kho ng cch gi a cc c t
Th d :
Command: Minsert
Enter block name or [?]: br2
Units: Millimeters Conversion: 1.0000
Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: x
Specify X scale factor or [Corner] <1>: 1
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: y
Requires numeric value.
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: 1
Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>:
Specify rotation angle <0>:
Enter number of rows (---) <1>: 5
Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: 5
Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): 100
Specify distance between columns (|||): 100
t qu nh hnh
107
KS Nguy n H i H ng
V. L NH BASE
Khi 1 b n v
c chn vo 1 b n v khc v i t a
m chn l (0,0,0),
nh Base dng
thay i t a
m chn, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
Command: Base
Base point <0.0000,0.0000,0.0000>:
nh
m chn m i
VI. L NH EXPLODE
nh Explode dng
ph v c u trc c a
i t ng nh : Polyline,
block, hatch... ra thnh nhi u i t ng ring l , th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Explode
Trn thanh cng c Modify: Click vo bi u t ng
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Ch n Modify\Explode
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD a ra dng sau:

Select objects: Ch n i t ng c n explode r i nh n enter
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
VII. THU C TNH (ATTRIBUTES)

VII.1. nh ngh a thu c tnh c a Kh i
Thu c tnh c a kh i l nh ng bi n thng tin v n b n i km theo kh i khi
chn vo b n v . Th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Ddattdef ( hay Attdef )
Trn thanh cng c Attribute: Click vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: Ch n Draw\Block\Define Attribute... Sau khi kh i ng l nh,
AutoCAD m ra h p tho i Attribute Definition nh hnh.
VII.1.1. Mi n Mode
Mi n ny xc nh cch th hi n cc thu c tnh v i cc ty ch n sau:
Invisible: Khng cho th y thu c tnh.
Constant: Tnh ch t khng thay i trong qu trnh chn kh i, h ng s .
Verify: Cho php hi n th dng nh c
ki m tra v c th thay i l i nh
ngh a thu c tnh.
Preset: Cc nh ngh a thu c tnh c th thay i
c nh ng trong qu trnh
chn kh i, AutoCAD khng a ra dng nh c.
VII.1.2. Mi n Attribute
Mi n ny nh thng s thu c tnh c a kh i v i cc thnh ph n sau:
Tag: nh tn g c c a thu c tnh.
Prompt: nh dng nh c cho AutoCAD.
Value: nh gi tr thu c tnh, thng tin c a thu c tnh.
VII.1.3. Mi n Text Options
Mi n ny nh hnh th c v n b n a vo thu c tnh c a kh i.
VII.1.4. Mi n Insert point
Mi n nh m chn c a thu c tnh.
VII.2. Hi u ch nh nh ngh a thu c tnh c a Kh i
nh Ddedit cho php ta hi u ch nh l i nh ng nh ngh a thu c tnh c a
kh i, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Ddedit
VIII. HI U CH NH THU C TNH KH I
AutoCAD cho php ta hi u ch nh cc thu c tnh n m trong kh i v i 2
nh c b n: Ddatte v Attedit
VIII.1. L nh Ddatte
nh Ddatte ch cho php hi u ch nh gi tr thu c tnh
hnh, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Ddatte
Trn thanh cng c Attibute: click vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Object\Attribute\Single...
Sau khi kh i ng l nh, AutoCAD a ra dng sau:
Select Block: Ch n Block c n hi u ch nh
i v i Block hi n
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
VIII.2. L nh Attedit
nh Attedit cho php hi u ch nh t t c cc tnh ch t c a thu c tnh m t
cch c l p v i nh ngh a thu c tnh, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Attedit
Trn thanh cng c Attibute: Click vo bi u t ng
Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Object\Attribute\Global
Command: Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? <Y> :
Block name specification <*> :
Attribute tag specification <*> :
Attribute value specification <*> :
Select Attributes: Ch nh nh ng thu c tnh
VIII.3. L nh Attredef
nh Attedef s d ng khi c n nh ngh a l i 1 kh i v hi u ch nh l i thu c
tnh c a kh i, th c hi n l nh b ng cch:
nh tr c ti p vo dng Command: Attredef.
Trn thanh cng c Attibute: Click vo bi u t ng.
Command: Attredef
Name of Block you wish to redefine: nh p tn Block mu n nh ngh a l i.
Select Object for new block...
Select Object: Ch n i t ng t o Block m i.
Insert base point of new block: nh m chn cho Block m i.
110
CH
KS Nguy n H i H ng
NG XII
TR B N V V IN N
I. PHN GI I MN HNH (VIEWRES)
Bi n h th ng Viewres
u khi n
phn gi i mn hnh khi xem b n v ,
i l nh b ng cch nh tr c ti p vo dng Command ch Viewres
Command: Viewres
Do you want fast zooms? <Y>
Enter circle zoom percent (1-20000) <100>: 20000
II. L NH T M NHN (VIEW)
III. KHNG GIAN M HNH (Model Space)

Trong AutoCAD c 2 khng gian lm vi c l khng gian m hnh (Model
Space) v khng gian gi y v (Paper Space). Tr c tin, ta s tm hi u khng
gian m hnh l g? Model Space l n i ta t o ra nh ng b n v c n b n hay b n
m u. Thng th ng khi m i b t u b n v , dng l nh Mvsetup, ta vo
khng gian m hnh v lm vi c trn v i m t c ng nhn t nh (Tiled
Viewports) m c nh. Tiled Viewports ch c th th c hi n trong khng gian m
hnh. Khi mu n t o nhi u c ng nhn t nh, ta c th :
111
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Menu chnh: Ch n View\Tiled Viewports. AutoCAD s m ti p menu

th nh hnh.
u ch n New Viewports, AutoCAD s
a ra cc cch b tr c ng nhn
u, theo ta c th ch n (nh hnh bn d i )
Hay t dng Command: G Vports.

AutoCAD s hi n th h p tho i nh trn.
Thng th ng th ta ch c n m t c ng nhn t nh l , ch khi no ta c n
xem i t ng t nhi u pha, ta m i c n t o nhi u c ng nhn ng. i t ng
c t o ra khi lm vi c trn m t c ng nhn no , c ng hi n th trn t t c cc
ng nhn cn l i.
IV. KHNG GIAN GI Y V (Paper Space)
Khng gian gi y v (Paper Space) l khng gian th ng dng
s px p
cc i t ng v trong khng gian m hnh (Model Space) theo m t tr t t
nh t nh (theo ng i v ). Trn khng gian gi y, ta c ng c th v
i t ng,
nh : khung tn, thanh tiu , kch th c ...
n u tin, khi m i chuy n sang khng gian gi y, ng i v s c m th y
ng .
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KS Nguy n H i H ng
Ch n tr c ti p vo Layout1 hay Layout2

Trn thanh tr ng thi: nh p vo MODEL (nh hnh )
Model (Paper)
V. S D NG KHNG GIAN GI Y V V KHNG GIAN M HNH

Trong ph n chuy n i qua l i gi a khng gian m hnh v khng gian
gi y, m t bi n h th ng r t quan tr ng l bi n TILEMODE Model (Paper ).
Khi c n lm vi c trong c ng nhn t nh, bi n h th ng TILEMODE: 1 => ta c
khng gian m hnh. Khi bi n h th ng TILEMODE:0 => khng gian gi y v .
TILEMODE b ng cch:
dng Command: G Tilemode
AutoCAD m ra dng New value for TILEMODE <0>: g vo 1
Nh p p trn thanh tr ng thi cho t i khi ch TILE sng l i
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Ch n View\Model Space(Tile)
Chuy n i qua l i gi a khng gian m hnh v khng gian gi y v ta c th s
ng bi n TILEMODE b ng cch:
dng Command: G Tilemode
Enter new value for TILEMODE <0>: 1 (khng gian m hnh)
ng c n l u r ng, cc i t ng khi c n x l, hi u ch nh
c v trong
khng gian no ph i vo khng gian m i c th thao tc
c.
VI. IN B N V (Plotting Drawing)
Trong AutoCAD, c th xu t b n v ra gi y theo 2 ch
hnh v
khng gian gi y v .
: khng gian m
Plot to file: In thnh file v i ph n m r ng l PLT

Sau khi nh p vo bi u t ng trn thanh cng c chu n (Standard toolbar),
p tho i Plot m ra nh hnh ( cc khai bo h ng d n trong gi th c hnh)
Plot area.
113
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Xc nh thng s c a mi n in, g m cc ty ch n sau:

Display
: In t t c nh ng g AutoCAD th y trn mn hnh
Extent
: In t t c cc i t ng trong b n v , b qua l nh limits
Limits
: In nh ng i t ng trong mi n Limits
Window
: In theo c a s ch n
Mi n Paper Size and Orientation
C 2 ty ch n n v : theo inch v theo mm
Ty ch n Rotation and Origin...
Xc nh t a
m g c v h ng quay c a gi y v
Ty ch n Plotted MM v Drawing Units
Khi in theo khng gian gi y v th Plotted v Drawing Units u c gi tr
l 1.
Khi in theo khng gian m hnh th Plotted MM v n gi tr 1 nh ng
Drawing.
Units s mang gi tr c a h s t l .
Ty ch n Preview
Dng xem tr c khi in
Cu i cng ta ch n OK.
114
KS Nguy n H i H ng
BAI TAP
S dung lenh: Line va toa o tng oi, cc, cc tng oi, POLAR va
OTRACK ve cac hnh di ay.
60
12
100
120
72
60
20
100
80
80
30
30
45
75
80
50
32
80
42
90
0
12
150
80
105
32
135
110
60
90
20
48
85
40
5
12
0
10
30
45
90
90
75
,9
25
40
90
48
40
40
80
20
68,8
80
50
36
30
10
8
BO MON TIN HOC NG DUNG

KHOA XAY DNG
Ngi ve
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Kiem tra Nguyen Hai Hng 10/10/2008
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
115
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Toa o tuyet oi. (X,Y)

S dung lenh: Line va toa o tng oi ve cac hnh di ay. (@X,Y)
100
60
10
30
60
12
120
100
40
50
20
40
50
60
36
80
18
22,5
15
51
20
15
108,5
30
140
23
30
34,5
84,5
S dung lenh: Line va toa o cc tng oi ve cac hnh di ay. (@D<)

Toa o cc. (D<)
114
30
90
66
40
38
25
30
45
42
60
24
24
60
36
84
30
20
45
60
15
50
35
156
140
30
20
30
25
36
25
35
55
55
20
10
19
100
15
60
40
40
25
30
50
KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
70
90
T le: 1-1
116
KS Nguy n H i H ng
83
S dung lenh: Line, Circle va phng thc bat iem ve cac hnh di ay.
R3
78
60
R30
6
R1
56
R2
R12
90
100
70
25
84,5
R25
100
72
R5
0
100
H/
48
100
KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
117
KS Nguy n H i H ng
S dun g lenh: Line, Circle va phng thc bat iem ve cac hnh di ay.
10 15
80
10 15 10
90
120
10
10
60
126,6
15
30
60
85
20
40
60
17,5
60
15
60
70
122
25
24
25
80
16
H/2
84
41,5
41
26
98
24
13,3
120
60
60
100
120
140
6x30
180

KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
Kie m tra Nguyen Hai Hng 10/10/2008
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
118
KS Nguy n H i H ng
100
100
100
S dung lenh: Line, Arc, va Circle ve cac hnh di ay.
100
100
100
00
50
100
180
100
2
R1
100
100
R1
0
R10
R3
15
110
15
8
0 R
5
4
30
4
0
30
R30
45
R10
25
10
R3
R70
140

KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
119
10
R45
R31
KS Nguy n H i H ng
R45
R40
R33
14
R5
R10
5
2
20
5
2
R8
30
12
55
R16
R50
100
99
R3
R9
R50
0
3
15x4
12
10
R29
R40
100
119
12
R16
7
R2
20
30
R8
14
R12
12
16x8L0
122
120
100
110
R25
55

KHOA CONG TRNH
10/10/2007 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le : 1-1
120
KS Nguy n H i H ng
16
10
22
88
75
R45
R10
R5
11
20
72
R20
R40
10
20
24
45
20
R20
70
10
60
34
20x2L0
12
20
25
85
14
70
10
R35
R2
0
R45
45

KHOA CONG TRNH
10/10/2007 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
121
KS Nguy n H i H ng
R60
10
20
12
0
4
R45
5
5
22
R14
R20
36
16
R29
R18
25
60
42
R100
8X
22
0
2
22
16
60
R21
16
46
36
14
18
R10
12
R8
8
R40
R12
R5
2
26
60
14
10
14
R14
30

KHOA CO NG TRNH
10/10/2007 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
122
KS Nguy n H i H ng
S dung lenh: Line, Polygon, Circle, Leng, Filet , Trim, Dimension, ve cac hnh di
ay theo trnh t? t? a - i.
a,
b,
c,
e,
d,
21,9
19
20
R16
100
R20
R4
36
40
R30
40
f,
g,
35,8
h,
10
i,
50
20
15,8
45
a, Rectang
b, Ellipse Width
Center
c, Offset
85
30,2
25
29,8
50
R2
,5
31,4
23
R7
e, Trim
d, Line (TAN, TAN)
32
2
48
R50
1
R2
0
13
2
2
60
88
Elip truc ln 36
truc nho 30
a, No i tiep 2 Cricle (Fillet R khac nhau)

48
Elip truc ln 20
truc nho 18
R2
R2
45
R2
R30
60
3
R5
f, Filllet, Circle, offset
R40
40
20

KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ng i ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
123

R6
R1
R1
KS Nguy n H i H ng
R18
100
R9
30
50
15
2 l? 14
22
36
R18
144
70
20
25
70,5
45
63
R17
10,4
R9
15
134
104
186
51
30
R15
54
93
51
117
24
520
51
66,5
R3
6 l? 20
95
45
126
132
20 10
65
80
48
24
10
R6
56
1,5
22
10
24
60
20
87
160
60
26
R7
57,3
10
R1
36
120
4
R6
50
96
56
R1
R6
82
100
KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
124
KS Nguy n H i H ng
15
80
30
b, Line
c, Line
e, Copy
20
P5
d, Move
W2
3,6
a, Line
40
P4
20
30
Cac oi tng c chon
P2
P1
W1
f, Hnh dang bac thang
g, Sau khi Array
14,4
Hnh ve 23: Dung lenh Array ve bac thang
R4
Kch thc ghe
R2
R10
R21
20
2
4
1.5
20
36
93
5
11
62
69
31
7
10
R25,2
84
105
0
R1
38,5
6l? 14
42
87
P1
P2
30
10
15
P3
30
R4,9
91

KHOA XAY DNG
10/10/2008 B/v:CAD TEST2
Ngi ve
BAI TAP
T le: 1-1
125
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Polyline (PL): Ve a tuyen
Line (L): Ve T
R25
Polygon:(pol)
I: Noi tiep
C: Ngoai tiep
E: Canh
Hatch
Chen cac ky t ac biet:
O ?
ve
Viet ch tren ban ve
ch
Vi
et
Viet ch tren ban ve
tre
ba
n
Viet ch tren ban ve
Viet ch tren ban ve
Viet ch tren ban ve
Viet ch tren ban ve
Viet ch tren ban ve
126
KS Nguy n H i H ng
Rectang (REC)
Ch nhat, h.vuong
Filet; r=20
Ve cung tron (Arc; A)
Ve ng tron(C)
Spline
Chamfer: 20
Width
127
KS Nguy n H i H ng
t s phm t t trong Cad

F1
nh Hep.
F2
nhchuy n t c a s
h a sang ch
v n b n.
F3 hay Ctrl+F T t m ch
truy b t th ng tr.
F5 hay Ctrl+E Khi v hnh chi u tr c o 2D phm n y dng chuy n t v tr
t ph ng hnh chi u tr c o n y sang m t ph ng hnh chi u tr c o khc.
F6 hay Ctrl+D Dng t t hay m t a
m ng trn mn hnh.
F7 hay Ctrl+G Dng t t hay m l i m trn mn hnh.
F8 hay Ctrl+L Dng t t hay m Ortho, khi ortho on
ng th ng
cv n m
hay ng.
F9 hay Ctrl+B Dng t t m b c nh y.
F10 hay Ctrl+U Dng t t m d n h ng c c Polar Tracking.
F11 hay Ctrl+W Dng t t m ch
d n h ng truy b t.
Chu t tri Dng ch n.
Chu t ph i Xu t hi n menu (ty ch n l nh).
Phm Enter K t thc l nh.
Phm Esc H y b l nh ang th c hi n.
Ctrl+C
L nh copy.
Ctrl+J
T ng t nh Enter.
Ctrl+N
Th c hi n l nh New.
Ctrl+O
L nh Open.
Ctrl+P
L nh in.
Ctrl+S
L nh Save.
Ctrl+V
L nh Paste.
Ctrl+X
L nh Cut.
Ctrl+Y
L nh Redo.
Ctrl+Z
L nh Undo.
Ctrl+\
H y m t l nh (Cancel).
Ctrl+1
M h p tho i Properties.
128
KS Nguy n H i H ng
CL C
CH
NG I
PH N I
GI I THI U AUTOCAD 2007
PH N II
GI I THI U KHI QUT
CH
NG II
CH C B N V
CH
NG III
CC B
C, L NH V C B N
CH
NG IV
CC L NH TRUY B T
IT
NG
CH
NG V
P V D NG
NG NT
CH
NG VI
THU T HI U CH NH C B N
CH
NG VII
CC L NH V NHANH
CH
NG VIII.
THU T V NNG CAO
CH
NG IX.
CH V KCH TH
C
CH
NG X
THU T HI U CH NH NNG CAO
CH
NG XI
KH I V THU C TNH (BLOCKS V ATTRIBUTES)
CH
NG XII
TR B N V V IN N
BI T P

Giáo trình hướng dẫn sử dụng autocard 2007

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1

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

GI I THI U AUTOCAD 2007

Hnh 1.1. Mn hnh AutoCad khi m i kh i

Ch : N u h p tho i Create New Drawing khng xu t hi n ta th c hi n nh

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.2. Mn hnh

Hnh 1.3. Graphics Area - Vng th c hi n b n v

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

n Screen Menu v khng thu n ti n).

Hnh 1.4. Graphics Area - Vng th c hi n b n v

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.5. H p tho i Save Drawing As

Hnh 1.6. h p tho i Startup

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

I.4.1. Ch n Open a Drawing bi u t

I.4.2. Ch n Start from Scratch bi u t ng

Hnh 1.7. h p tho i Startup

Hnh 1.8. Ch n Use a Wizard b n t xc

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.9. Ch n Advanced Setup/ Ok (b n ch n tu n t nh trong hnh).

Hnh 1.10. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Units)

Hnh 1.11. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Angle)

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Ch n nh trong hnh, ti p ch n next th Angle Mesuse

Hnh 1.12. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Angle Measuse)

Hnh 1.13. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Angle Direction)

Hnh 1.14. H p tho i Advanced Setup (Th Area)

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Ch n Counter - Clockwise ng c chi u quay kim

Hnh 1.15. H p tho i Create new drawing.

Hnh 1.16. H p tho i Quick Setup th Units

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.17. H p tho i QuickSetup

Hnh 1.18. H p tho i Select File

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

GI I THI U KHI QUT

Hnh 1.19. Thanh tiu

n (Menu bar): (Th d trnh

Hnh 1.20. Ch n trnh n Edit

Hnh 1.21. Thanh Standard

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.22. Hi n th Thanh Standard

Hnh 1.23. Thanh thu c tnh

Hnh 1.24. Dng l nh

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

II.6. Thanh tr ng thi (Status bar)

Hnh 1.25. Thanh tr ng thi

II.7. Vng Menu mn hnh (Screen Menu)

Hnh 1.26. Scren Menu

II.8. Cc thanh cu n (Scroll bars )

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.27. H p tho i Options

Hnh 1.28. Con tr Cursor

II.10. Thay i mu vng v

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 1.29. H p tho i Options

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

Hnh 2.1. H p tho i Drawing Units va h p tho i Direction Control

Hnh 2.2. H p tho i Drawing Units

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007

vo) l 1 inch, ngh a l khi ta nh p kch th

Hnh 2.3. o gc (Angles)

Hnh 2.4. o ph ng h ng (Direction control)