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    Magnetic Pickups

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    86 views13 pages

    Magnetic Pickups

    Uploaded by

    Sergio del Rosso
    Magnetic Pickups

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 13
    3. Magnetic Pickups “Theis documented magnerc elec guitar pickup was made mn 1931 by the Rickenbacker Company Tis pclp wat on Rekenbacker' solid luminum guar both the gutar ang pickup were the ‘ention of George Beauchamp and Paul Barth The fstene nmber (2,089,71) wae not sbained ent 1937. This pickup had cungsten steel magnets, but {eday's con for tungsten see would make the Pickup unbelievably expensive, This ene reason Fickenbacker no anger makes this pk, In 1932 the Dopyera brothers funders of Dobro Co, made afew af thei reronator guitars with electric clus bul inco diem This projec wae done a3 Foin efor between Dobro and gurtanss, Art Simpson, This guta's pcp consisted of bar magnet wound with Eoppet wie nd jure ike che Reenbcker Pickup, temas high impedance device, The high Inptier rb arenes omar lpree of ficiency wien plugged in 9 tbe amir “Ths Dobro instrument thought tobe the se > ap och Wel reproduce a he rations of he snng fo other tors the wbratng sng pl and pusher ga che itwble magnet fre af he agree Te cuts the ‘magnetic ine of ore to move, Aa to eo thesa imagetc ies fo paces magnet under pece of tear paper an pie ron tings ponder onthe faper Now gery hake the paper an wath te ron fogs form a pttem sro en moved under he paper rear the magne she patern wl ange A [fing can elec magste pip tnesame sy I moves he metic rey eal he ame ‘mcrphone opersuon you al emember bayou ‘ky move ire ugha changing mare ee ‘he wire will respond wih flow of current. What ‘der thihave co do wth string vbraing over @ Pickup? Well sting is moved andthe magnet Femalhs stl the wire col around 2 magoet ina Pickup wil alsa Become lle witha ow of current. Magnetic pickups are very simple in theory and they ‘an also be very simple in practeal usage. For this reason, many people have made and are making ‘magnet pips: One ofthe st ascoveries about magnets was that they ean be made out ofa lor of| materials Magnets made! Yes they ae. Naturally Iagnetclode-siones do exist bur vital ll magnets (ed vaday sre man-made A magnetis made by subjecting sutable mater to strong eurent whieh pulls she magnetizing forces in one diecion. Ordinary ron haste magnet frees ‘evenly mixed, and wherelore nulfying each others forces Applied curent can change this evenly mixed ‘ondlion so thatthe "nore" frees ae atone end and the "south" forces are at the other ene The forces ‘fa magnotare messiredingauts nd cerstads Gauss |Saunteused in measuring magnet ners. whereas dn oerstad is nt sed vo mensure mapnese Feluctnee, orn trmsapplable to pickups, Imagnecs aby eo rest demagnetization, Pure ron doesnt make the mort powerful magnets bbeause the mixed foros in ron cannot retin the ligament as eflectvly as ther metas. One very Useful mince in magnets contains: Aluminum Nickle, Std Cobalt Notice te underlined leters, AUN Co ‘Algo: a most important magnetic materi Beaute es properdes ave mare conducive to magnetization than any other materi, The frm aang isthe most inhous There are any since foal eh forula produces dierent gus and oer Fes Sony people can ear he dere sound vending from be ue of erent magnets The eplcement of Sl srength aio $ magnet by a flsrengsh 8 il ote anoocedbie ncene nweble response A Geran magne ncones bl respont een more ‘Sinan abieo@ magne. Therefore, the ference 9 {bund maybe mre deteable when magnets of Ceramic racer are ved because cra magnet fPckop ave general nore senie than simp aca, "hs tess gesting greater utp and more redien Ceramic magne are bacoring he mon popu oe {Siow come th materais Tear earth magnets ‘Sich as samarium coal re very song = aus they ‘ie a very hgh oertad gue, Unforunaay, hese magnets aevery expense "Cora mage can ao be obaned ia many formal Pole Pieces f ‘A pale piece derives its name from “pole” ofa magnet A pole pleco is 3 evi that acts ike a poe of Tugnet and eserves ae an emanating point of 2 Inagnecs ux A poe plece ats to concentrate and ‘Geach magnetic eld sos nan optimum shape {nd dracon o sense (be affected by) the vibration of the senngs When speaking of magnetic pekups pale pee tary structure on the tope ofthe pieku that Pains the force of magnets) atthe sings. Pole proces canbe of many shapes 3d ies. GUITAR ELECTRONICS A pickup may havea single metal bara poe (ee E5150 Charie Cvs pp), os nda eunable eign slates srow ple pecs (ie bron "Lad Buck” pick) or twee achtable feign alenserews (te Oitarc “Sper Dstor ion” pickups or more than swe (che Carin and ohn Brenpscups. Evens pictup does no have viable pole pce the Seecer Supers), sl have Tracom ner pole pieces Wire Coils "The windings of wie around 3 magnet are ofen spoken ofinsemimystical rms When tying to ‘determine how many col turns to use on 3 hu, you fn aay wind to 6 500 curs which a mage umber for some pcp manufacturers. Ahough Some people may speak of arcane creations, many facts fre known apd hve been proven, For example, he tore cal windings around s mane, she more the ‘magnetic ulations wil be sensed, re, more windings Inereave amps and so de more powerful» pckup vl be, Keep in mind that the closer the wire eto he ‘gnet the more senstive the cowl be. This beciuse the magnets field of tec doesnt extend too {Grout rom ies coll of rge sized wire were ure, the resulting bulging coil woul have many wie turns 2 {good distance away rom the magnet Fortis eason, inal meter wire lured which lows for 3 sal cll {abe eighty wrapped around a magnee. “The dimeter ofthe wire most commen sed 42 gauge, However pickups are made wth wife nywere from 38 6 54 gauge. The ner the gauge. the more snuive a picp millbe Unforunately. as the gauge get salr the price ofthe wire stars to rocker Rickenbacker once used 54 gauge, but the ost made the price ofthe par 9 expensive hat they mere not competitive mn the market Many ular players dire apprecate ache work that Rickenbacker pur into. Wire for pckups i fer than the har groming on your head and breaks very ex “The wire used Sal copper which s rather weak. mater e's coated wich a poly synthetic or some ‘ther neulating substance to prevent windings from Shoring out For years the standard coating on magnet tre was neque, but neque tends to chip and crack, therefore newer symeette coatings are now used MAGNETIC PICKUPS Bare wire cannot be wed becaus the cil windings would shor-out causing 3 reduction in induction ana herefore output The wre most conduct like one very long wire. « RugdiGGacR asec uaein ho e235 L850 2B 3 aS gs 8420 %B7 755010600 % 24 3S 3400 % 039 B52 t7000 Sle 40080 $3 21200 3853 3205437000 B22 Led 58— 34300 50 Hd 43 405643200 Wo 42590 Sat00 S25 335058000 33s 462105985900 od 7 S90 60108400 G-AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE # R-RESISTANCE IN OHMS “per 1000 fe" Resistance ‘How much wir to wr around a bobbin 3 ci diferent an hs wl affect Impedance. One problem wih mmpedanea that 35 Frequencies rig, trebles are impufed. This impedance! Featetanee problem mast evidan in humbuckng pickups since they use two col bobbins. Humbucking Pickups have mare winding tan single coll peleups nd the added windings nereae the mpedanee hd ‘Generally the minimus amaune of windings are hose windings which produce 3 needed impedance figure thas compatible with an arp beng used. Since de resitance figures of pickups ae lary well ‘correlstedto the impedance (aerating current [ac] Fesbtance) of mast pickups, we ean use rasistanee 35 Srutformaive gids to piclup's behav. fecerainly oeenc hur tht de resistances lot easier to thestur. Few people have the necesary equpenc co treasure ag, raseance Plekupe with 9 resstance of {2.0000 12000 ohms are generally consdored igh impedance, whereas | 900 to 4.00 of is gnerally Felered to se mis.immpedanee. Pekups arouné 2.000 ‘hm could be plugged ita alow impedance or a igh Impadance amp, but they are not que at home in tether because they are neither high nor low Below 1000 cts generally ow impedance. For information about the imypedanes of patcular amp, ‘heck with he manufacturer Hand Winding “The ter "hand-wound” rather miseseing because person isnot employed wo hand wrap tmagnet wire, tur by turn, around bobbin. Racer. person engaged in hand guiding a wrapping machine Bue poor operator erating 5 cammon for simple ‘winding machines nd cote which are fared Io Seder to produce cal ofa desired shape, some manufacturers ue hand guided windars, whereas other “Companies use new sophisticated machines which follow pre-sot parameters Resonance Peaks “ial a elecrcle dances hae one requency chat ml ese theme osetia ore ely any ‘her roquncy Ths woud be the naar reson {fequney os dence. Te enero te resoran band 1 eStea a resonmce peak “ois sed npehaps have rezone peaks 3 pickup hava peak of @O00H te sound ofthe device Afitbe more reble anf she dence Mad 3 peak of ‘oor Se people el hat resonance peaks are the bes indatr othe sound os psep, Dara has sid Meech resonant peak ay hve more relevance than impedance ore reastancs braun kvl detitay gre a mdeaon of trequncy espe. self pewde' good ten othe type sombre» kip “ire The vlog ry erases how cured the eet wil ba Pepa more information on the factors which rage or tower sora pes reset sects en Bara (Bares and Armvong Baby more windings GUITAR ELECTRONIC and lower gaus lowers the frequency ef the reonane oak less windings and higher gus raises the peak Humbucking Pickups “Asn Babbin al wire around a magnet wil make pickup, Ths deve will pk up the motion of metal String wbrating above fc Unoruatsys can aso a 3 an ancanra and pick up nearby say elects wave {he hum of uorescen ight, 60 cyte hum. ado tions, sutomoble sparkplug systems te 000000 ATTN cae “565550 {I Uni 1956, hum was just something tha had vo be accepted with electric pur At eh time. Seth Low “Who wortad lor Gleon, devised an anc-hum pickup {ied the humbacing pickup which cancelled out fhm, agin ein chi way: Ocean waves are high tot between ow spots you ould evenly combine these high and low spots you woul have aa quiet tvean iy the waver combined outo-phase. Aum ticking pickup combines ewo waves of nerterence tnd pute thom together out phase “There nan oppose enagnev polar eld each eit and nearby ad side e cols are magneslc MAGNETIC PICKUPS conductor. This means tha the top of one cls STapnetcay oranda top of he ote eo Rates south you loge ste sens ad he Farle! grams you ean se tat tho pose Sones es the neste You woud expec the thi sro cance the sal but your expectations re ony Tsitnphe a of he pcp gale enced “ee fm all The cos of humbucng pickup are wed ‘ut of phse so that ny sige rected by chem 5 Sinead, bu he eppoa magne olny ache {isp ny sigs apnea senea, back nc an imphar sg in summary hurbucking pcp acs in he {owing manner any signal (oe. hum) "seen" by theca acai nay nara rn vibrations) seen” by the magnet poles is accepted. THE LINKING OF COILS IN A HUMBUCKING PicKUP “raion, the two col of humbucking ple are linked wget in series creat however the Sxiscan kobe nked na paral cree When deseribing saris or paral rng wisn» pce, the nly concerns wth the pate of essence and nthe ‘el electron poste to negative connections Te is because these postive and negave poe become inverted when pasing through apposite magnetic polarities im the himbucong pc's wo col The {Sowing agar sow (the ng of owe co ina series humbucang mods snd (2) in pas ambushing moot 90000) — — 50000 —f|1- 1000000 4— Caraeo Ly). Pelee ~ Series Linking 'Natie that series humbucker has che hice insulated outer cal leads rom both co omed together The lads coming trom the ner portion of both colshave blck colored nelated wire andthe Baek wire rom the col with che solid slugs becomes the hat output ead The bck wire from the call that has che sajestable screw pole pieces fe sldered tothe tase plato ofthe pickup. The braided shld ofthe coax pickup output ite ls seldered tothe base Dt. The bae plate i used ea connection between the grounded shield and une back wire. This bate pate onmectionellectvely ad efficiently forms 3 ground ennection to the black wire andthe entre metal ese Surrounding the pickup, Hsving the ase ofthe picap included in he ground creut helps to shed the Pickup from receingelecto-static hime Humbucking pickups en cance 60 yelper sscond hum, but not ‘lec sate hum which manfested 320 cycles, ‘Tharetore»picup needs a metal shed to cancel ‘lectro state hur ‘Note Either ofthe Back wires from the cos «ould be grounded or ether could be hist, The 1.25 x aGitson Ditarso Fat Suae ~~ LB XAG Barclin Beate ll — Giron és Bintartio Super! —. _ 9 x 3 Gieson “Orga Barca dense ~~ 2X2 Gibson "Original 5 X 3 Gibson “Original Diario Super Distortion 3 Xa Gibson “Original Dinara 22 N = 4X3 Gibson “Orginal Barca ES! 12a Gibson “Orgad “Schecter tapped F500 has wo output level, one s about the sme 3 regular Fender Strat pickup the Sher about the same a Gibson “Original this pickup is battery powered MAJOR PICKUP AND GUITAR ACCESSORY MANUFACTURERS DAN ARMSTRONG Dan Armstrong is somewhat of mystery figure Most people tha are inte electri gutars have heard of tim, but fw know him Dan ha traveled slot ad has ‘worked on eleceregitarpickup projects both in the US sane Erglina Tn 1967, he was ring to remedy 3 shore in 2 pickup and ended up making hs own custom made pickup In 1968: he mot Bul Lawrence, andar hoy ae 3 owe tals together, Dan became more interested ia ‘working th ips. Many pecpe thnk Dan Armatrong created the ‘Oanslaceto gure, bye Dan states the they were ‘reated by Nathaniel Dame He did revamp them however, and eventually owned the company, The Danelectros were made out of Masanice and 2x4 For the double cut-away modelo capper and blac, the supplier paid $30. The dealer paid $46 and che Instrument was 201d o customers fr $85 a such pacer a Panny in New Yare Today chete same Frstraments Sl for $200 co $300 or more. The pickup ‘on Danelectro instruments incre simple fe onsite of handwaund wire around 3 Bar magnet and there sna bobbin. The loot seater wound wire turns reduce higher peaks than those of ugh even cos Ti pickups hed togetharby wrapping of tack loci’ tape and ei sued ito 3 shore chrome pated cgar shaped container. ‘When Ampes bought Gramer Gules, they werent 0 inthe gular busines and had to consult guitar experts {to *how to improve” the gar. was natural or ‘Ampeg to come to Das guar shop in New York and tsk for advice td ster some dscassion, mas ‘eal thc the smart move for Ampeg (2 ‘manufacturer of amps) was to make an elec, not coucti gular. Because of Dan's elationship wth ‘Ampeg. he became the designer, and he was asisted by Bil Lawrence (Together: both men developed the Sing placement pekup) lnstead of having a separate ‘yah and lee pep the guitars had modular pchups. The clear paste body f the gular eame bout through the suggestion of Mike Gur. A few _gvars were made of lack plastic, but Dan feels that this material was coa much ike rubber. However, Sema people real love hese black beauties and havea Tot of respect or them Dan also designed an amp for Ampeg bu disagree: ments final resled in Dar leaving the company. nd in 971 be wont to Ergiand. While in England Ban Sesgned veveral experimental leer guitars One of these design used the sings 359 very low impedance cel with ly a magnet under them 9 compete the Pickup. Nowadays with the aealablity of ow Impedance solid tate electronics, ths concept could beremved. He ao talked wichaman fern Grange, ‘Amps about co:manutaetonng 3 guitar, but Dan ended up producing the instrument himself and had an owner of turiure company i England do the seal wood. ‘working, When te instrument gained popularity the woadwrker demanded 3 much greater sum for Taking thems therelore, the project was terminate. ‘Aer this, Dan designed an array of elects boxes called Dan Armscrang Sound Moats which ame ia myriad of colors and names. One of chese desis was fled the Orange Squeeze. 2 compressor ype of Gesgn tha ised gina opt voltage éropped. oF conversely, did nat boost ain when te input as rong Dan has come to some definite conclusions about winding pickups He sai that once he unraveled 3 Rot id Suaepiekup ands hot old Gibton PAF. humbucker and he was surprised to dscavr thac both Pickups ha the sae mamter of umn. Today be wands {oudae magic” number Now thi may use many peopl to tr to unravel nd count he many thousand {i of cot bue Ol Oan pling our ge on th ‘ne wl belly embarrased to Se cughe “ountng the crn, Anyway. Dan sates tat the forme and he length ofr ed that matters nthe de resiance ‘tor oe pickup details, Dan els that single coat PVE wasaton the best becase too-thek ‘Seu cn make theca oo fully As forragnes rami an advantage in hte dean have te oni eft ha snco as tht sb. 5 roves Coser othe cram magnes doesn © STecmtete te bast over he reble As for exo rare SStch naget sucha samar ceble they sr ery ‘Sper and thy are to strong “Dar nae weld he seang to ther" As for esonant pes more wre lawars them and dos using smaller magne. San has known Onn Schecter for sme tne: nd again sony natura for Dan to da deign work for SShecerGokar Research. Te pickup system he he vrorked ons aleg the 2. The Za patene ponding Inethod of sings magnet between bobbins ot ‘Thetoral de resitnee (both colt) about 1K. The impedances agher than eon cter pcp, and Nohawmoreweble thereore 01 mers aa ‘Spactor le ud on the tone cone BARTOLINI GUITARS ‘Willa Bartoli began making Hi (high symmetry) pickups in 1974 an in 1980 he was pro. {ding over tirey models of patented sgle col and hambucking pickups Billhar a stron background in electrons and this background shows in his pekups whch fer feacures found in few other pickups, Some a these are: four col humbuckers, hexaphonie guar pickups, and pickups ‘ith buon preamp. Bil has several concerns about Pickup constuction nd operation I: Magnet or core materi doesn« make much Aiferene arvving at eran ype of sound: the iran fa ple’ componente moor Capacitance effect are important neo sign. CCapactance rests rom tor-to-urn coi windings Fl tnkage/leskage inuences output The strings above a pickup ease Mx leakage. The mation ffs atring modulates this axon, and any change i x Ismonitared by the cl, °F Pickups should sense vibrating stings in an asyrooetia ehion. Only the vertal motion f fEtnge not the side-to-side motion should be sensed Ions s done, more natural sound wiles 5, How a pickup intarfaces witha guitar's controls heal influences a guia’ fial sound Some ofthe most unique Hi-A pekups are deserted inthe following txt, Model3-A Acoustic Guitar Pickup "The single col pickup for roune hoe guitars i early as hum Fee as a humbucker. Although ts Suepuc isnot tremendously igh the sound hs orp ele and clean There i srng to string value GUITAR ELECTRONICS bance bull ito the pickup Model 1B - The Beast It "This hombucker has our cols delivering the poss. bast of several tonal pss through the ue of ‘mulpe resonances (each col as ts ov reson peakrand vberefoe sown distinc tone). There are fr output pins connected to each of the four coll ‘This eighe pin output coniguration ges a possiblity of least oven diferent tonal voces, some of which ae Figh out high cart, one-thrd auto phase, and torotheds cuca phase - Hexaphoni, ee Mio ane pct a sessed whch es na spur ope of sng Sittin abo make budinghesaphone kup Sc qadaghone bs ups MAGNETIC PICKUPS 1 Model EVQ - Variable “Q" Electronic Pickup "This pickup as onesie colland ne non see, hhumseaneeing cll whieh together help create 3 narrow aperture (sting sensing) yet, Te bun preamp allows the ton control ovary the bard width Qlactor om $ to 15. This slows s wide tude of possible tones, 8 JOHN BIRCH John san Englishman whe developed the concept of double screw ole prces whch are designed to reduce dead spots betwoon the poe pieces when bending the stongs. Jon Ras made many pchops of this coniguratin ofboth himbucking ad single cll mmodele PETER COOK (Cock makes finely ered eects. One feature CCook has worked with isto installa parametric ‘equalizer as.a tone contrel. When tamed guy this | ‘control sounds lke a wah-wah device bocause isa band: pas fer. The gutar has one kno hat rases or lowers the band, and another knob chat contol che volume, Anyone could take apart» wah-wah peel and put one ina gular: however many wah-wah peda have a poor signacoinve rata 3 well as beg ary expensive DIMARZIO Ina very shor time Diario pickups have gone from being an unknown ta being the mest know Lary DiMaro's cert in pickup begin one day wen his electric guitar burned out tarry snd" it have money to build a new one (se) I decided to make ny own” That frst DiMarco pcp tsk Lary tht. six hours co build. However he wane eticg wth ke and he continued experimenting Being both 2 Professional musican and 3 reparman put Hi na tinique positon Playing with 3 band eflered him an Unparalleled opporcunty o test ou he creations he made in his shop. Ashe say:"The ony way to realy {esa pickup is tote onstage and ise Larry got very ntgued with heft that pickops ‘ould be 80 indvidualte Also, he became aware ofall ‘aca pickup could do. Ashe he said "I head 9 lo of _gotanits complain about hel pickups. Its nat that the chu chy ware using ware Bad pckups but rather ‘hey hse waren suited to ehe mus that people were layne Some ofthe mor guise monacturas hada done anything to update che pickups they designed in 1985, ad he send back then ut wasn ni he foiar wanted today = Lamy had designed any pckps years before Dita ne wa formed The copay rely fot fing when Store Kaun one ences a ry. Seve was the pncipl agent in Haak Company wich specaized in sour meucton agra froceang doves Together, Lary. Seeded tor Seve Bucher made Mario ine wht tis eco ‘As for why people pay Diario pekipy Sere Kauiman hs sate“ leet ahybody pays Diario plop is forthe sound von ta hee any Single Diario sound, eft tae Dar Pikups are vera enought aom the gr eo lieve the pec sound Re srants Enporsemees ‘ve helped gan recopnion bu thy alo mic or {oe serious ced prabiems For evample A Ditecls endorses Dara picks buch ocr use them encisiely So faked gos tow concert ser ‘ending tae Died ues our sf and sees hn Foy something es. hi creaity sometimes $haken*Protesstorl mustsans may ise srr bands Ss pcpsin ce course of tor wor, bt Sl fete) would ke to endorse stone Tay compris ofr sha struments wth Dita pickups ss an optional ent Such the staus ofthese pups When 9 Diaz pctap 6 ‘en ona gtr tot als for about $200, & can be 9 it Batingbeeause we of hese pilaps can ean the price ofthe gare Te reson sat Hon dnd eter makers of economy tures ean faep aber peso lows ete are spec made ‘Al Dita pickups are made nthe USA. The Dittarz pickup on economy imported seroma areverysniar fre more expenave Sonar Dita peups These econcny pcs ae simple indesign be theres nohng of over gulty ner. Ditarzios experts in pcp making is veered in dee ssbjeca vc doe rece uth ply ‘These tems may be ule deat bu hey ore Imporant so veal peep gual 1S pei skies lng picks witha pre decermined sound Tension on col windings rejor ister in ths regard His company's wandosare ok Simple lon control tenon machines betas esa {in coute3 beskdown of tension onthe magnet 2 Single coipichups were heated and then dipped inahocwn batho ep ine that he von peneuates dep, Recent Diva smiched anon We proces of eal scafeton 3 Led wires used on al Difarci pickaps are “eten costed for maximum durality sna fest PICKUPS MADE BY DIMARZIO ‘The DiMario Company now manufactures a wide range of magnti pics plus one contact mode! (Other companies have copied hs designs, but since GUITAR ELECTRONIC Dittarao gos the ball rong, his designs have served as ‘he bass for many other daigns DiMarzio X2-N This very high impedance pickup has solid ple pier arse re ceramic rages The our wre leads allow fll wiring options hang sping, Paral and series Ths pcp has avery igh sepue. Super Distortion Humbucker This ceramic magne pickup f 2 replacement for large Gibson style humbucker, and i design's based ‘on that" hee" cls pickop's design The higher outpes is achieved by more windings and greater magoetrn Cares been takan so that high fequeneyresponte sul comes through Note thit he de, ressonee |3.68K ohms, whereas a Gibson "Orginal" 78K ons Dual Sound Humbucker “hiss basicaly the same pickup asthe Super Distortion but there a9 added entre he ol are Soitchable so hae ce piel fnked in series oF parlel Ths gives difereneresstances and lmmpedances, and therefore two sounds The two dc resistances are 3 69K ahms and 242K ohms Note {hac the paral mode fas the renstance ofthe series mode les beter tan spl pckups becaune ‘when i's Switehed tt lower ressanes~ bright ode es sal humbueking DiMarzio PAF ‘This pickup s modeled er the frse Gibson humbucker hd tld” sound ir achieved a ese of several constuction features, The wo most Important area specal winding of thecal and the use 2 MAGNETIC PICKUPS ef anal Sar age The up col wd ‘ibrated tothe magnet wed. The early DiMarzio ‘ikps were rather unelined, but naw the pips Grea oy to take apareand examine. Everyching porposchal and nothing loks shoddy. The most Bbroue Diario change rem the Gibson design i the molding of ltd plastic fect ino the bottom of #2 ‘i bobbins thie the Bobbin sts in 3 level pasion NNoee that inthe photo of the PAF plekup da de {round does not connect with he cals. Both cols ae ‘wound nthe sae direction. The ouside leas are (eda the series nk and both nner leads ae drawn butinede two lead cori wire One wie i ack nd the other's whe. Eaher cold be ground ore ‘ahich means chai easy co wire 3 phase switch. Also, ies easy tolink he pickup in paral or series with ‘nether pickup, Refer co the section on wing for furher deal trp N P+ BeOere0.0 sps.1 ‘There super ditortion Strat ype pickups offer sever lable features. Fst, they have fly {djesable poe peces Second. aurur is higher than ‘common Strat pickups The dc resistance 58 55K ‘hms, whereas Fender Surat pickups ae about &K ‘Third the combines design estes af Us pickup make fora more even frequency response The tragnetc song pull which eauses uneven Sound 50% fess nhs pekup, ‘Acoustic Model It ‘This piclp ifr acoustic tet sing guitars and ie mounts in dhe soundhole. Very thoughtuly the ‘mounting fanges are ofnonseratehing nylon. The tone bf ehispekup more scour than most other magnet pips Ths lear sound se esl of Tower impedance The de resistances 523K ohms ‘This plu ses ona track so you can agure what portion ofthe sings you want et sense Seymour Duncan ‘Duncan possibly makes the most diverse line of pickups igh/outpur distortion, single co and cual col Pickups staggered-heght (pole piece) single coll Pickups for both right and let handed guiars These Eaggeree igh plekupe resemble the ie Strat pickups. Duncan sso ofers replicas ofthe '59 Gibson, Patent Applied For imbucker which are che mese Accurate copies ofthese packupe made to dite. They Pa - are avaible with double cream, dovble lack and abn bobbins Duncan offers ine-p of pickups fo all ‘emmon instruments plus Duo Sonics, Mustangs. and Mustonasters Many Duncan pickops ae avalate na tapped configuration ‘eyrnaur Duncan is iolved with pickup rewinding and making new pckups aswell as dang design work. ie els chat remnding ae gven im isghes miss tpmany other people and ta the years he spent. Gssecting utcude of pickups along wth ereating a ‘astray of"copies, have bean a good teacher. is ‘estomers may want 3 pckup that sounds ikea PAF ‘Rombucker an ld Rickentaeker, or 3 hoe vineage GUITAR ELECTRONICS Teese sf aed Leet aie amin ores wa cpg th hte arc as Bice pup carck nine ge Sat ne naa core meee ana ene secede rr per tna ste eect sa San eae manana Coe dort Reece egw ge aap te eg ae soe wie Sloe otine Rctectges eh Uns odpm wah ay let ere seb eaten he Sec Sones Cane tenet tsa cone Woe se fa es pc nae acon terete mele es spe re ene Fe aed Lecithin feta cette tence scant Un a sie ne mace on ge Ses nee tene tiara te sanunavedenacd kone Re Aeterna se scrote Mcni t fe oes rad Caner fe a once iret rn can ate at teeta ee Shares Saeco 2 MAGNETIC PICKUPS wien twas new, or th sound of 1950 Tal ody revi weak magnets Seymour provides bth wh his "few lay pki an aged lst picks “The foloning quoted on Seymour Wh xp ra sound ald sound or perhaps te at veya, 3 cerain phobia as teen devlping song gars 3nd basse fhroughou te athe ot dnt make me {hey ted expel phaps, Boh of hemajor imanutcurersof elect gar ths county. ‘Guson and Fender have illen cum tthe srutny of Srepiken bunch of ansin te west hem guar pees “Soh the ference? (bebwean ld and ne). will rith the big? are out det Your (Gntage) sot. and your 57 Sra 055 Las Pa ‘Sand at way (amage compared vo modern) ‘ects of de changes inte way the pickups re tanutsetred (now a compared t0 195540), "Along te ago, the ppc were wound on the equper whch ses ago, ad scone age [rodeos by comparson hts pckup winder Some of the reson forthe sane equprer a the money spant on gutarsin he ey 60 ped {he ig martacurers to aflord god ech es. ‘Sceatonaly ca woundin the ol ys were Sloppy inthow wrapping. Todsy, even tough they are wound tare consent andthe se gage wre ne, the to pics tendo faves hnnarsuston resiing tna pay ser co and ter sound Ol colt fave nape which go sres each over. up and down Indscimacey do hand winding white new cole nent paral around the col sb (because oh SGeanced Sng wg machine, and ae sa “epped together rom one aero wnndng tothe text wat uis means tat oer cts tveoighly higher wotageourp and are datoraing ds to naven space the wrapping They ae more nconsene fom one pcp to a nexci he sme ocel Ialig chess to get lemon, New col are much more consent wound an haves ss Waleagecurpu but ie more requancy reponse iS tieanertop end n your sound specs They dere dor wn te pcp 5 Se space orp Sue enter nf you mesure the dc resizance ofthe ol co and’ few on, hey wie gute star. Rea loses theese tha the Big? can So even tsa bec the {sare wound to scertan numberof mechanical {Grn and wire chopped: However. for uy balanced Cait te vre shouldbe mounds ile more han feces) (2 ture too mh) and then seroma Imetered and mina go bance exactly when cue ‘Tas ilerence mechanical site colss duet Incntency ne we uted owed pcape which s Shier 4, 44 or 46 (or about shes fs human ‘There usualy rece when es beng wound proucng ts mconsatengy. So pote tat ld ney sound of 150 estar umpire or whatever ether kind f guar most antes the soppy eo che smn you on. Any ep Fa winder ean be made tbe sloppy. most arent inthe firs pcs because is considered ta be undesirable ‘mong engineering and technical types So you need {0 sound tke 1987 Dogbreat go find an old pickup ahd pay trough the nose. or go get yours wound that “waysor realize tat other replacement gear wil do che je SPECIFICATIONS ON THE 42 AWG MAGNET Wine: (SINGLE BUILD INSULATION) Diameter/nches (minimal) 0004" (eominal) 025" (msximum) 0026" ‘Nominal area in ereue mis 625 Minsmal increase i le ‘02 (eral dameter in inches) (eins 0016" {omina 0028" (saa) 030" ‘Nominal ohms at 000" (eet) 20°cant. 11859 ohms Nominal lims er pound. 20°cent.” 84510 ohms Pounds per 000" (oat) (0196 be Feet por pound 50340 (eet) (HEAVY BUILD INSULATION) Minimaincreas in fim insulation 0004” (Overall meter in inches {imal (nominal) maximum) 0032" ‘Nominal ohms per 000" fet) /20"eent, 1659 ohms [Nominal stms per pound/20"cent. 82.290 ohms Feet por pound 491600 (oce), PLAIN ENAMEL - (OLEO-RESINOUS} normally 2 dark maroon cole (used on the newer Seats) POLYURETHANE comes na vary of ore, RED, (GREEN, CLEAR BLUE ETC. FORMIVAR POLYVINYL FORMVAR) used on the ‘older STRATOCASTERS BONDABLE POLYURETHANE (HAS A FILM OF THERMOPLASTIC ADHESIVE) reaces to heat or steohol BONDABLE FORMVAR (HAS A THERMOPLASTIC FILM ADHESIVE) OLD vs NEW See the old and new information for comparing Strat pickups. Although Seat pickups have ot Uindorgane» gre deal of change there ae sue ‘iterences “The Formvar” insulation on the magnet wire wat theker han what used today ew eal are wound With tha same gauge wire, and othe same numberof turns the one wth thicker ineuation wll produce > fate cll The outer windings of te co wil be further from the magnets “The ameunt of windings on Stat pickups has varied, GUITAR ELECTRONIC asthe compartons show Seymour “Hany people giv iits sound. Due othe magnets bingo thik hae ts te number otura love ac carmake legis theres avian pee chic ese thspickop hive trumque sound bak emety te whkn gies tarpon? ‘arya leng othe magnetic rod ole ces wich SEYMOUR’ RESEARCH LABORATORY ‘A.Comparison OF Old And New Stratocasters DUNCAN Features 1954 Stratocaster 1978 Stratocaster ons, 605 K Ohme 566K Ohms FLATWORK MATERIAL ‘Top uleanzed fibre (black) uleanized fibre (bck) Bottom ‘oleanized fibre (black) Vuleanzed fibre (18) FLATWORK THICKNESS Top (64° (inch 1/6 inch 064" (neh 1/16 inch Bottom 1097" (inch) 3/32 inch 1097” (ines) 3/32 ach MAGNET DIAMETER 182" (ines) 187" (inch) MAGNET LENGTHS € 6h 624 36 ASth 87" 656" Dah a 56" Gad 718 56" Band 636! 56" Ele 687” 86" MAGNET FEATURES. rough sandeast markings sll round ene BOBBINS LACQUERED ve es COIL DIRECTION starlet (wound dockwis) starlet (wound dockwise) MAGNETIC POLARITY north (st ow years of south Produccon: changed to south) MAGNET WIRE GAUGE 42 heavy Formar 42 pan enamel INSULATION shove above “TURNS 8350 17600 BLACK LEAD WIRE round beginning of oi _roundboginiag of ei WHITE LEAD WIRE hot/insh of cil hoe/insh of cil POLE SPACING 407" center canter each pole 407" center to center each pole WINDING LENGTH (Outside of 6th to EI) same a8 1954 Seratoester 2295" outside E 6th 0 st TOP LENGTH OF FLATWORK spprox same 2 1954 2.616" end are fled spor sme BS MAGNETIC PICKUPS Features 1954 Stratocaster BOTTOM LENGTH aan" OF FLATWORK TOP WIDTH OF FLATWORK 60", inside end are BOTTOM WITH 905", inside ends ate fled (OF FLATWORK ‘TOTAL DEPTH OF PICKUP 718 cop to bottom EXPOSED COILUNDER COVER yer LEAD WIRE MATERIAL ‘Typical Properties Of Cast Alnico V Magnets Used In Stratocaster Pickups Types Residual Induction (Be) e400 Typeal Coercive (H). 60 (86 Ha) max Megagauss Oersteds 550 Average Density = Pounds percubicinch 264 CCoefieene of Therosl Expansion its Tensile Srengeh = pounds per sq inch 5450 Transverse Modul of Rupee © pounds pers, inch 10500 Hardness Rockall 50 Resse ~ Mere Ohms per em pron 9¢ 25 depres C ” ‘Average Ohms Of Stratocaster Pickups YEAR FRONT MIDDLE BACK 1954 591K 538k 585k 1955 602K 536K 60K 1956 13K 634K 628K i958 64k. 639K ask 1960 596K. Sisk e3ik 1963 SK 558K silk 1963 597K Saik a ies 627K 548K 576K i966 $80 sok 57aK 1970 §60K 550K S3ik 973 557K 552K 558K 974 511K 545K 552K 1979 565K 57K 556K '9e0 Sik Siok 73k NOTE - New Model Seratocaters are ung a hotter pica in the back postion, BACK POSITION CAN BE CALLED: Bridge position pickup Lead piu Treble pekup FRONT POSITION PICKUP CAN BE CALLED: yh pickup Neck pekup Bass pup doth brad (push bac) 22 gauge 1978 Stratocaster approx same a 1954 fled approx same a 1954 approx same a 954 1656" top to bottom wes plas coating USING THE FOLLOWING COMBINATIONS OF ‘COIL AND MAGNET POLARITY WITH SINGLE ‘COIL PICKUPS, WILL GIVE YOU THE FOLLOWING RESULTS. cW.N ows _cCW.N cCws OWN In On On in (phase) (phase) (phase) _ (hur) OWS On nn Oe (phase) (phase) _ hum) (phase) COWN Oe nn Our (phase) hur) (phase) _(phase) COWS nO Onn (urn) (phase) (phase) (phase) In (phase) meas che ewo pickups ae in phase when teed together ‘Out (pase) means che two pickups are out of phase wines ured together In (hum) means the ewo pickups ae in phase and work 264 humbucker redueng hum. COWS Counter clockwise coll and south magnetic poly. CCWN Clockwise coil and north magnetic poly (CCW.N Counter clockwise cll and orth magnetic pobre. ‘CWS Clockwise coll and south magnetic polarity. ‘THE STANDARD RECOMMENDED TENSIONS (OF STANDARD MAGNET WIRES USED IN (GUITAR PICKUPS. [AWG TENSION GRAMS TENSION OUNCES 40° S3grams 1902 41 2 grams 1502 2 Dgams 120m 43 degrams 3 on 4 gums Phe, 45 grams bon 46 Bgnms a0 USING stRAT PICKUPS ‘Duncan gives the following if so that Sat owners cangeemore from ther nsstments eres ftor which dearmies the sound and cuput ofa pickup. = Seats oken head wen flayg igh on te fingerboard onthe lower sings ‘hard dgus the notes sr posable Bet in perfec pach srond the ach re What ao. help tare ti done na coupe of aya Pa | ae the Beckie qt clove to the sings wahou tong the pckup when prsing resting at he a Fe “Then lowering the as the tft, andthe lowering the bass de ofthe mae oho ron pickups, teeing he reble sie sil up The luger ma of che bottom svings becomes more magnetized becuse the Pickups have the same magnet poate {hen becomes magnetaea etre poms wh ihe Same eld: Beco ike magetc ples repel and Une poes src, there a repalng ote mogesc eld onthe sing whch causes te pipe to produce 2 very uence sound. Lowering Se pups onthe, tess wil ip conderaty Another solutes that help, win he mde pop inte oppose “rection and revere the mapet polar Ths does {wo chs I edocs Sra 2 alos Fimbuedng Inge ots and ord and 3 are used together "Sra have ays hada nie prblem, When Surus were fac made, gars used Reaver auge ring than ned tay The eso ts shoe Sirlo-none rao has worsened wth the ose of ler gauge srg, The payers today use sich ight _puge rings tars vr ox oil net anerce ‘is meanaamps are ured up louder an hue therfore louder FENDER In some ways, Fender can be choght of: the founder of rock i roll Alshough Gibson made lecties more than ten years beore Fender, Fenders Were unique in that they werent holo ikea real Ur In 1948, Fender intrdced the “Brosdesster” ‘uiar which nad an ash body with wo single ol Pchups anda bot-on, one pace maple noes. The Fhythin pickup hada de resstance of around 6 5K. ‘whereas che lead pickup had a gure higher than ti, and wire gauge numbers 42 and'43 were uted, Many of these pickups varyin de resitance, some a high se INK Since Gretsch had the name Brondeaster inure, Fender's guitar became the Telecaster Teles made {odayarenerly the sare as thase made chiy years seo. Fender - Research and Development Fender sta fesarch nd Deepen. Deparment thats onsnaly weringon checking the aly of production, developing ne tens an valuing new products onthe market One enue of Siploraén ie stuying the scence ot heng. One Fenders sets of easy ivcves paceboand Havehorn effects For example ens isteing lence ol tha one Ses hars nora up and GUITAR ELECTRON nether Sit ha 2 “spec” new pickup, the group dete hear he rence Sache are od eat beth medals are the same, are a tendency or he ou not detect ny tonal ference Th expecta’ very neta naretng the ar3 cf antag” struments Many people uy Shoe Pickups andthe convince themes thatthe sound tigen “The sujet of replacement pars has hd Fender omen perplexed, Persons bla withthe ptr Scene love tae many compan ae hoe Eo pars adverse eon Fender aan Fender wat fest amazed bec these companies ok Sevartge ofthe Fender name, and Fender cout figure ot why these pars ged such popu. appears thatthe popularised tes pesos ‘eset indvicesize and hot red ther poses "As fr pep design Fenders coal experimenting The al col pcp best inown 3 "Fender ereauon and therefare rece soe ot aero, Soe pri wha Foe sg co pelup that snot humbucking Aine way to Eherehumbuckig would be ond ta aan three norh party sug and then wid sol areund three south polar sige The oro sections could he belinked form a hurbucker, but could ook ke Single oi pcp put hone Cs. che eso ese 5 and3 pips gen ie shoghe makes ot of sense: however further thing il reveal hat ten eo cls ae series inked th estan ele andthe toe gem aered I they are inked paral he restance hates and te tne i abe altered sdf o mae a urbucker tht behaves and sound ike 3g col pickup wicout fm The Fender electri 2 sing uted pi pickups wil cochtastmounted separ fhe Pecan Boss Ser dis lyoue The id Dutch sec the Egmond Used pie and 3 pups On is arumene each half the pickup wa pox n 3 ful wih ese The se Cxtended under al x srmgs. Tere were ire dy pote pieces each ee Tender ses sample procedure for R&D testing © he response of new kup designs A pinks sighs irom asenal generar dines an amp snd oop 3 I2 gauge sulted wires hooked up to ve speskar vite fhe amp. Ths oops then placed arcund 3 Sree col pup, and he our of the pep then ‘Srcted to Hewat PachardAnayer oh ensue {panies ifs dal el pup sed then hal the teep (a length a straight wr) isd on te kup betes che two col ince th method of fsting Goer not ne sings ls mot sbjo to chee India, ands makes te ts reas more Ur Heath Co. kes an nexpensve rl snertor th coud be used by sates Fender Tele and Strat Pickups “These single coll non-humbucking pickups use sb sino magni slugs surrounded by a ire winding ‘The compny hae aerated n using staggered hgh 2 MAGNETIC PICKUPS magnets and same heighe magnets. The staggered Teihtunte gue a better suing tostring volume Sines Nowadays hoyerr many pape dr fel Staggered heighe needed because the extalighe {ouge sings boing used by musieans today function ‘ery well with sare hehe pickups Even 0, staggered Feiht pickups sre worshipped by some musicians an seteaph ee phar ayy ys hey tre sil n demane "The first Telecaster pickups ware chose onthe 1948 Meee ee ee ff an ines fle pale magnets tho lacquered bobbin ich was wound with 43 gauge magnet wire anda bhace waxed string wrapping. In 954, Tele lead pckups bogan to receive sigh raised poe pieces Sine swstching one Control ecu of older Teese “iterene rm newer modes, Teleaeters before 1953, had the following switch postions: Pickup (pu) #2, is #1, orp #1 routed through a rge value fapactor This died selection gives very basy sound because the capactor has diminished the webs “The pace on che bottom ofa Tele ead pk it composed of magnetically conducive metal, and fis Used to reshape the magnev fd ofthe pckup and thereby boost the output This plate als has 2 second Faneton that af being» shield/ground conductor The ‘hed function ete acon of the pate shieléing the botram ofthe pickup and contacting the magnets, The [ground conductor fonction ofthe plate operates nthe folowing manner A ground wire connects the plato the ground outpit a the pickup, shen tre metal ‘ews pat through bles nthe bridge and ae tiveaded inc chee holes inthe pate The screws ‘ontinue the ground eet rom the plate ta the bridge and on tothe surg. The Telecaster offers one ofthe most clever sng ground paths avaible Flomevar, hare one peraly to thie system, The plate ‘an contribu co unwanted feedback and noise by zing lke an uroanted aeenna, Wit plckup cavity printed with conductive pain (and connected to round) chi fedback cn be substantally reduced Fender is now panting the caves of ther instrumencs sth ur such 3 pase Stratocaster Hendrix made the sound of his Surat the sound of ‘rock rol Satocastrs havent changed much since they were first made in 1956, The ony noteworthy ‘change sthat he oi are eveny wound = gone are the tulip or Bmp shaped col windings. BASIC PARTS OF A STRATOCASTER PICKUP. I. Magnes: A Suatocarter pickup has six eyindrieal magnets, the centers of which are 407 ofan ich apr These magnets are fh wth the bottom ofthe bobbin and protrude trough che op ber piece. These Imaghets are shia fve which is composed ofthe folawing pars 8 pares slominum. 4 parts nickel, 20 farts cob, 3 parts copper, and the remainder ion "These sx magnet/pole paces were arranged ins staggered beige contguration on the fest Suatocasters. The very frst Sure pickups had the Gitrng magnet 725 ofan inch long. wheres che 6 and ater pelups hada G sing magnec 712 ef an inch long, Tisvariance sa ese of mustcaneswieching to suring sets using an unwound and and therefore louder G serng. Newer Ste pickups have used ‘magnets when areal the same heighe nd prose Slightly above tse top ofthe bobbin ‘Currently Fender uses magnets which re sand cast, te about 200 ofan inch and ground down to 2 tdametor of 187 ofan nah The at Sr magnets were ground on tho edge The early 1960's magnets ‘were heavy rumbled co remove sharp edges sid they didnot havea wntage look, Presently magnets are highly ambled Early srat magnets were cat hd a rough exterior finish and were 192 ofan inch in ameter plus oF tins 002. One end ofthe early magne was ground Sothac the magnet could be eaiyicerted inca the Abr places Magnets ued nthe 1960s wore preity tumbled to round che ends and therefore, donot have 2 vneage look: Recent Strat magnets are oly slighty ‘umbies 2. Fiber Pieces The bobbin of Fender single col pickups i emposed of magnets held betveen two Pieces of vleanzed fiber These preces are composed St paper material saturated with Fess and pressed liner high pressure with the speieton of heat Bans of ths material are mage into pickup pares hough the use of» pune press oles are made for the magnets. eyelets pickup height aojstment screws, and output wires. The holes forthe adjustment sree relator tapped to accepe 6-32 adjustment serews The to ber pieces are Slack on ear Seat pleupe bu ‘mi. sites pik have bottom pieces wich ae ik {72y and often have a date on ther 3. Coll: The al afa Stratocaster pickup & wound in ‘he following manner: One and ola Copper wire tached to the lf eyelet ofa bobbin, then aca is ‘wound ins clockwise direction The fishing edge of the cal wie s tweaded through the righ eyelet. The ‘wound abi snow immersed in hot wax bath co ‘eurste the oll and therelore reduce microphonics fndimake the coll more roid and durable. A black lead iSsoldered tothe left eyelet anda white wire rnlgered tothe right eylee Magnet wire fo pckups is composed of elecroytic toughptch copper. Magnet wire also made rom Borin, gold 38 well 6 other metals, bu coppers the most prateal for pickups de to low cos and sally: Magnet wie is orm by forcing drawing 3 GUITAR ELECTRONIC

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