Bay ae ts gl i Lata ab Mechanical Engineering Department JUNE 2009 2009 4354 Second Year , Time Allowed: 3 Hours _ oe STUDENTS ARE ALLOWED TO USE COMBUSTION TABLES & CHARTS ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS ~ —— 7 QUESTION ONE (25 Points) (a) - Draw a neat sketch of the actual PV diagram for a four stroke engine and for two stroke engine; indicate on it the valve timing, = Use sketch to explain what is meant by the volumetric efficiency = What are the isomers? - Draw the distillation curve for gasoline and water? = What will happen if the volume of gasoline fuel which vaporize up to 70 °C becomes very small? (b) One mole of Methanol,CHjOH is added to 3 mole of gasoline CgHjs and burned with 120% theoretical air in an gasoline engine, the air and fuels enters at 25°C and 0.1 MPa at liquid phase 1. AVF by volume and by weight, 2- The adiabatic flame temperature 3+ The heat rejected out from the combustion chamber if the product exit at 1000 K, in kJ/kg fuel QUESTION TWO (20 points) 0- Give the approximate value for the air (o fuel ratio at full load for a) gasoline engine) diesel engine _¢) gas turbine 1+ What is the advantage and disadvantage of using regenerators? 2+ What is the cetane no indicate? 3- Two engine (Cl and SI) having the same CR, which one having higher thermal efficiency and why? 4+ What are the different phases for diesel combustion pro‘ 3s? 5- When it is a must to use silo typ 6- Which of the following gases gives higher efficiency when as a working medium at low pressure ratio, 2)CO> —_b) combustion chamber? sed in gas turbine rc) helium 7- Draw a sketch for a gas turbine combustor showing all the main parts, write down the different value for A/F? 8- What will happen if the penetration is weak and if the penetration is strong? + 9- What is the function of injection system? Page 1 of 2QUESTION THREE (15 points) 1. 6 Examine If a carburetor is used in a spark ignition engine where the atmospheric temperature is 10°C, suppose that the same carburetor is to be used in an atmospherie temperature of 50°C, Calculate the percentage change in the air mass flow rate. You may neglect the air velocity in the pipe leading to the venturi. A spark-ignition engine has a cylinder bore of 88 mm. ‘The spark is generated when the crank angle is 30° before top center at a rotational speed of 3000 rpm. If the combustion wave rei cylinder wall at 2° before top center, caleulate the flame speed in (ms). ‘The history of concentration of a species [A] during a chemical reaction is given by the equation: [A] =10t (15-t) where [A] is in gmol/lit and t in seconds, Calculate: A. The minimum and maximum concentration of [A] B. The time and concentration of [A] when the rate of production of [A] is 20% less than its maximum value. nd the by drawing only the difference between the endothermic exothermic reaction, the time of producing the activated complex. What is the difference between the activated complex and the free radieals? What are the differences between the Octane Number, Anti-Knock Index and the Fuel Sensitivity? What are the main differences between the conventional ignition system, the transistorized ignition system and the distributor-less ignition system in the HARDWARE components? What are the interrelationships between the controlled variables of intake air quantity, Hap angle. potentiometer voltage and injected fuel quantity in L- Jetronic fuel system? How can the fuel enriched in the full load in the carburetor fuel sys Jetronic System and L-Jetronic System’? em, Ke —————— ee Napez or Prof M. El-Kassaby Dr W. AbdelghaffarAlexaudria University Ayala dele Faculty of Engineering . Hasaigh 4 Mechanical Engineering Department Hone La ab 2009 p98 June, 2009 Course title: Computer Apllications Second Year Time allowed: 3 Hrs i MATLAB TORS AY aig GB ana Stat ll a Aaa: Aaja tet coh a) Fae Part I (Applied Mechanics) ig Aas oe al UESTION ONE: ; (15 points) An unpeened spring is subjected to a fatigue load, and fas the following data: Masinurt Ta OSEN. Min, load ~ 0.1KN. Reliability ~ 99%, Infinite fife, Shearing modulus s0GiPa, oil tempered steel, Wire diam, ~ Smm, Mean coit diam, > 20mm, Mex deflection ~ smm, Study the effeet of changing the mean coil diam. on the factor of safety and on the active number of coils for the same deflection, Attempt mean wil diameters of 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30mm, Plot the results. ii. The shaft in Figure (1) is subjected to a steady uniformly distributed Ysuding and! has the following particulars: 1=0.15m, Sys =200 MPa, E~ 180 GPa, applied torque 1400 Nam, w= 80 kN/m. a) Determine the shaft diameter to guard against steady failure ancl to give a factor of safety 2 and calculate the maximum defleetion of the shaft by Ifthe salety factor is to be kept equal 2 plot the relation between the distributed load w unl the manimum deflection of the shafi, Attempt values of w = 60, 70, 80.90, 100 kNim Figure (1) Beam having one end fixed. unc end sim ely sumpusted ad with uniform ty dustevbated Load 5 points) QUESTION TWO Draw the expected output graph (or graphs) for the following program clear.clficle for 11=1:360 | i=l): ylil=2.*xG Ds | youity=3.*sind(xi1)); | y3G)-24NG1).2s | Subplot(1.3,1):plot( | title( A Straight line’) slabel(Frequency patie x'}pylabel’Y 1") Lyidon —— : - 1| axis({U.360.0,800)) | anis(squuire’) } subplot(1,3.2plot(x,y2,k') 1 tithe(Siae Function’) | xlabel(y'lontname’,symbolylabel(’y 2’) arid axis({0,360 axisf square’) subplot( 1 3.3)plot(xy3.1') Atitle(‘Parabol’) | xlabel('ylabel('Y-3°) axis({0,10,0,200})) issue’) SS) end The following MATLAB programs have errors, correct the errors and rewrite the programs: line the corrected parts. a- A script is designed to plot the function: -if 2sr g = tan” | —z l-r for the range of r from 0 to 4 at 0.01 interval, using the where = (0, 0.1. 0.5, 0.7, and 1.2]. “The script name is (phase angle.m) clean, vle;el{hold off | for s-(00.1 0.5 0.7 and 1.2}: | for 0.01:0:4 | phi-tan"'((2*s.r)./1-1.°2)); | phi=phi* 180/pi: if phi less than 0.0; phi=phi+180; plotir. 9) | title(Phase Angle) slable['Prequency ratio #’}:ylable{'? fontname,'symbo| rid on hold off axis({0.4,0,180)) ‘esis('squared’) Lino b- A script to calculate the value of the function: g¢ =60* COSNA corresponding 0=x |The script name is (qm) | functioh g=2(theta) | thet 4°6*theta,*cosine(n*theta) Qn) sesesee(10 points) hold on/ hold off commands elite 2 Gabe snl ae 4) ola)Alexandr nity of Engi University gyal hale ng, ag 4s Mechanical Engineering Department FSIS A) pad Jane, 2009 2009 sie Course title Number: Computer ~ = aly yd = Applications in Mech. Eng. ME242 © MED. 242 ASBSiB Laaigll 6 Second Year Ag a all Time allowed: 3 hours Le 3 glacial sae i Fe Thermal Part | ‘Answer the following questions: — i a 7 1 a. State the differential equation of two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction, (2 marks ) b. Ina Gas turbine simple cycle, illustrate the steps to make Cyele Simulation and ‘Measurements, Control and Alum Systems. (8 maiks ) A spherical body having of 10 em diameter and density 6000 ky/m" is initially at 200°C. The body is suddenly subjected to a liquid has a temperature of 40°C. The specific heat of the body is 3000 Jk K and the convective heat transfer coetticient is 1500 Win K. Using marching technique with time step 5 seconds, estimate the final temperature after 120 seconds. (10 marks ) Write down and shovsm in fig S0U0 Win olve the simultaneous equations for 6 nodal points For a phine wall ( re) having thermal conductivity of 10. W K and a heat generation rate of (10 marks ) LLL LLL 2 400 Wi nt KK 100 Wat K~| x arbi pint 94 phe spate 2): abyi. / bo Cay Alexandria Cai essity Sasa dete r of Engineering Haigh Lis Mechauical Engineering Department Asus Aasigt) ad June, 2009 20009 5 Course title: Computer Aplications TOG a I Sih) ad a Second Year Ayan yao _Time ailowed: 3 Hrs ete Co: Gaia San MATLAB $4: puree SU oon Part I (Applied Mechanics) 1 Aaa oF pl LIESTION C : 15 points) An unpeened spring is subjected to a fatigue load, and has the following data Maximum oad = 0.5kN, Min, load ~ 0.1KN, Reliability = 99%, Infinite life, Shearing modulus 0GPa, oil tempered steel, Wire diam, ~ Smm, Mean coil diam, = 20mm, Max deflection ~ Smm. Study the effeet of changing the mean coil diam. on the fietor of safety and on the active number of coils for the same deflection, Attempt mean coil diameters of 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30mm, Plot the results ii. ‘The shaft in Figure (1) is subjected to a steady uniformly distributed loading and has the following particulars: L=0.15m, Syig =200 MPa, B= 180 GPa, applied torque 400 Num, w= 80 kNim. 41) Determine the shaft diameter to guard against steady failure and to give a factor of safety > and calculate the maximum defleetion of the shaft by If the safety factor is to be kept equal 2 plot the relation between the distributed load w and the maximum deflection of the shaft. Attempt values of w= 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 kim Figuce (1) Beam having one end fixed. ome end simp supported and with untlorm ty distributed load QUESTION TWO: . Draw the expected output graph (or graphs) for the following program | for i1=1:360 | | x@y=Gl-1) Mil)=2.4KG1)5 | y2G1)-5.tsind(xG1)); y3G1)-2°NG1)2: | subplot(1.3.:plot(xy1) | cide(.\ Straight fine’) | | stabel(Frequeney ratio: xyylabel(’'Y 1") | grid on ieDagimt ss he peal te 2 a aa){ asis({0,360,0,800)) [axio(saare) | subpiot(1,3,2):plotts { title(‘Sine Function’) sxabel(fontna | rid on anis(]0,360,- anise | subplow 5 Splot(ny3. r) | | title(Parabola’) abel('Y-3) | 2h) smbol yylabel( Sp) | sabel() aaxin({0,10.0,200}) ") QUE: 5 Tie following MATLAB programs have errors, correct the errors and rewrite the programs: under ne the corrected parts, signed to plot the function: 2) _ for the range of r from 0 to 4 at 0.01 interval, using the hold on/ hold off commands where s={0,0.1, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.2]. j the | clean, cleielfihold off | for x10 0.1 0.5 0.7 and 1.2): | for 001:0:4 | phis “tan ((2*s.r)./1-1.°2)); | phi=phi* 180/pi: | | ip phi loss than 0.0: phi=phi+ 180; | | plot(r. p) title(Phase Angle) | | slable|'Frequency ratio r'J:ylablef' fontname,'symbol'] ] | grid on | hold off * axis({0.4,0,180]) avis(’squared) ES a b- A setipt to calculate the value of the function: ¢ = 60* COSNO comesponding to 0= x en)Alexandria Unive y Ayal Maly Faculty of Engineering Basa lS Mechanical Engineering Departinent ASS. Lach a June, 2009 si BEST AD) a8 ME242 AssiSeall Qoaigl 408 ull Stele 3 2 olay sau ond Year ‘Time allowed: 3 hours 1- Thermal Part Angwer the following questio 1 a State the differential equation of two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction (2maks ) Gas turbine simple cyele, illustrate the steps to make Cycle Simulation and Measuremenis, Control and Alarm Systems. (8 marks ) A spherical body having of 10 em diameter and density 6000 ky/m’ is initially at 200°C. The body is suddenly subjected to a liquid has a temperature of 40°C. The specific hest of the body js 3000 J/kg K and the convective heat transfer coetticient is S00 Wim? K. Using marching technique with time step 5 seconds, estimate the final temperature aller 120 seconds. (10 marks ) 3. Write down and solve the simultancous equations for 6 nodal points for a plane wall ( shown in figure ) having thermal conductivity of 10 Wn K and a heat generation rate of 8000 Wim, (10 mechs ) = 400 Wi at K AS igen 24 Hyhe guste th: Shay Gadi/ ao copy Alexandria University dope Faculty of Engineering ) 42g @_is Mechanical Engineering Department leas. FASS! A_sig) pa Machine Design weet HSL pps Second Year: June 2009 ‘Answer all of the following questions: Question One (15%): - ‘@ A ductile hot-rolled stee! bar has minimum yield strength in tension and compres MPa, Using the distortion-energy and maximum-shear-stress theories determine the safety for following cases of principal stresses I=) = 40 MPa, 02 = 0 MPa, 03 = -40 MPa II - 0, = 50 MPa, 62 = 50 MPa, 63 = 50 MPa * =< Ne pi gat jon of 220 ictors of b- An ASTM cast iron has minimum ultimate strengths of 200 MPa in tension and 300 MPa in compression. Find the factors of safety using the Modified Mohr theories for the following cases of principal stresses (03 = 0) 1-0, = -25 MPa, 6; =-30 MPa TI - 6; = 35 MPa, 2 = -45 MPa (Sue -Sut)-o, 02 n Sut-Suc_ Suc , =0,-93 = 03)? +(o1- 93)" 2 ——s [(o1= a)" +(e Question Two (15%): - ‘The cantilever shown in Figure 1 (300mm length and 25mm diameter) made of steel. It is fixed from its end to the roof by means of a steel strip 30x40mm and 100 mm length. A load of 1.2kN is applied at point A. Consider only the deflection caused by bending; calculate the deflection at point A using the two following methods to verify the results 1- Double integration method. 2. Strain energy (Castigliano) theorem. ‘The modulus of elasticity of steel = 205 GPa 1.2kN cal ne LIS 7 Sec. aa ie 100—+1 —130 -——300 ——+| Fig. 1 _Page lof 3 Examiners Committee: Prof Dir Alaa Handy and Dr. Ayman ElmidanyQuestion Three (20%): - ‘A shaft and disc are to be assembled with shrink-fit, the two parts has the same material £=200GPa, 110.28. yield strength Sy =400MPa, the shaft diameter 50mm, disc outer diameter 290mm, thickness 25mm and the coefficient of friction is 0.3. if the tolerances for the shaft diameter are +.02&+.025mm and for the disc inside diameter are 0 & +.01mm find: - ~The maximum and the minimum shrink-fit pressure possible in the connection ~ The designed torque to be transmitted with this connection ~The maximum tangential and radial stresses at the inner diameter of the dise - The maximum force required for pressing the shaft inside the disc in assembly process = The factor of safety based on maximum shear theory, conceder shear stresses when torque transmits from the shati to the dise = If the assembly rotates with minimum interference condition, fined the maximum rotational speed to keep contact between the two parts, the material unit weight is 78 KN’ fm (R-P) p £5 (b' -a") 32 sh = ez (4) 2 oe = Poly EM (disc _with_hole) => 0, = [? 7 2 34m ro") | (solid _dise) = 0; 8 8 Question Four (15% ‘A round axle is made of CD steel having $, -480MPa and 8, ~ 560MPa, The axle is subjected to ‘a steady tensile load of 30KN plus a fluctuating tensile load ranging from 10 to GOKN. The stress concentration factor at the ends of the axle is ky = 1.65. The notch sensitivity is 0.90. Find the diameter of the axle for an infinite life, a margin of safety of at least 100%, and a 95% probability of survival. S\, = 0.85 §, Ke CD) 1 SS. S.) fs Question Five (15%): ‘A coil spring is mounted on a valve. The operating load is }OON when the valve is closed and 150N when open. The valve lift is about 8mm. Assuming average service conditions and spring index of 9, determine the size of the spring and number of cvils. x 8hD AC=1 | 0.615 8Fn]) ad. Cee Gd Page 2 of 3 TExaaners Commitee: Prot. De” ATaa TTanely and DF. Ayman Elmidaiy —Question Si the ti (20%): - 's shows a Dean supported at is ends by pin joints. The inclined barat the end top supports the right end of ; hut also places an axial compressive force in the beam. Select a suitable standard stec| beam from the Tejvowing lable fora factor of safety of 3 guarding against buckling. The beam is made of plain carbon stel Ait 1020 CD. Take E = 207GPa, For the parabolic equation, the end point at half ofthe yield strenath nk > 1 pete gy Pa 54 is us k Page 3of3 Patines Commitee: Prom De Alaa Hamdy andl De Ayman ElntdanyFaculty of Engineering Alexandria University Mechanical Engineering Seond Year Term II 1408/2803 Electrical Power Engineering (Part I a . Time; 1.5 hrs. Answer_all questions. 14a)A single phase 2-conductor line transmitts electrical power to 1250 IsvA laad at 11 kV. Each conductor has 6:0. resistance and J1812 reactance.If the sending ts also 11k¥, calwlate the rad power: and power Factor. Calculate the capacitor KvAR to improve the power factor to 10 ¢ constant kW /oad ). (B)IF this load is supplied through 3~conductor single phase tine Ss it more or less economiceh ? give the proof 2. Use the superposition principle ( valtaye only, current only.) to cafculate: Ci} the current Flowing in each distributer section S)4,S2b, abl) the voltaye at load points a,b. Gil) the power and power Factor of loads at 7,b. phase distributer fass Ss 2(¢ HI) Z(ONFTIGQ 4 200.14 Jo.1912 1 ee S 02 constant lob of ia constant a,c a f id Of, 0. _ Hage constant constant Vellage 23002" V, a.c. current ‘ ac.cyrent 210 [-10° 10030" A 2004074 :i | | (2009/6 /10) 329 cea Saad Bele a3 (cays 10 Vipul Nigh eared Ap pal) I. asi ea | gt Me zl ae UA a al gill (x) Slag «Smal a tet} () Se () any Lah 9g LE Lay fs Ata ya JS dat yall coe Mattie Abadee gh gail (1) () = Ria y gg ce Sy Lash gal By (2) () sAagghig aA este Mas Al) yal ao coe 28 fe age el hi On (8) 0) Laka pinned Uli Yay 4 al oat gl (4) ( she Sasa Gb Ch yh Aga Sy Jal ph JS Ge Baal gall de ye (5) ) ) AGAR hj Le ab ge GB api otal Uj je Lad Halal 5p jal ble spi (6) ) cues Gish asda Age gig baad) BLAS yon Spud Ue Hal (7) ) gta os Clad pao Rha hf at ca al on Sa Se A she et (8) ) As jute han ind al coe Gu SI GA te yy Gs SLA (9) ) cagA ABAIAM CAgLad Eley Lad ce Canad a Matin Gf Hes yleth & sha (10) a ya 25 Spud Vgh Auawadall Ap jal sg giRil I gaat , l nook Ang jt ne pesos ASDLAAM ae be Jat nape) Syl aya ual ceil gad) Chl jerky Aeiall ghite U8) 2 ela Haas Gulla pay gap Gaal! yaad 3 sided dn Gh ails heal yo gail onilshy ool ot ga thal Gaal) Ay JAS gua g Ai Agany a ca pl 5 & EIAs gh Us gla Aaalsh oben y about y a :[ALEXANDRIA UNIV FACULTY OF ENGIN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING = | 2ND YEAR [JANUARY 2008 MATHEMATICS | FINAL 4ST TERM DURATION 3 HOURS PART (1) 1- Select the coivect answer 4. If 2, =-1, 2, = 2i. then Aig ( z, 2,) equals : (a) 0 .(b) 7 c) % 2- The lint wh (a) irs“ fat zi 3- IF f(Z) is differe: Alc) 4- The function f(z)=x? +y? +i2xyis: {a) differentiable, (b) analytic ina domain, (c) differentiable on a straight line. 5- The Zeros of cashiz is: (a) (ann (b) (an+1)5i Ae) ani 6- The principal value of Ia(v’3 +ipis: (a) In2 Wg (b) Inavis (c) In2-15 7. §ldz where © :|2 [=1 equals: (a) nz, (b) 2x1 (¢) zero iz é & Fg eo equals: (a) 2ne!""""", wo Zet" — fe) ive (' . a F4 [san al equals: (a) 2 (w +1), (b) 2B s(o-4) {c) none of both \! ° 0 10- F {atta £9) |. equals: (a) ote 31 stsgn(t), (b) te 3!" stsgn(t),(c) none beth {I) 1+ For the transformation W = oy find the image of| z-1|~1. real axis in z-plane 2- Prove that u— n(x?» y2)is harmonic, find its conjugate v, and the analytic f(z) = utiv 3. Evaluate the following integrals. (oo oy i 1440080 “ do (x? + 2x +4) 3 17-B80080PART (2) £8 <0 over the domain 0 Oand the conditions u(0,y)=u(1.y)=0 ,u(x,00) =0 ,u(x,0)=2sin3nx I) 1- Solve the partial differential equation 4 2- Find the Fourier series expansion in sines only of u=x +1 for0 0 and t > 0 with the conditions: Ey u(x,0)=0, u(0,j=20 3- Given the data eceeren [75 [2 J2s]3s [35 i [45] ly 1c [eo 7 la fas 2 al He ey er gy =1.x=2.x2 . dy - Find Go atx=1,x=2,x= 3.5 and at x= 4.5, Also find 2Y atx = 1.5 and at x= X dx: 4- Find the Finite Difference equation for: dy ax? y=1atx=Oandy=3atx=1. Take a step of 0.2 4 (2x? 1) Ma 3xy = dx