Qun Tr Chin Lc

Chng 9
Cu trc t chc thc thi chin lc

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Chng 9 :
Cu trc t chc thc thi chin lc
9.1) Khi nim, vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi CL
9.2) Mt s nguyn l c bn ca cu trc t chc chin lc
9.3) Cc loi hnh cu trc t chc chin lc ch yu
9.4) Cu trc t chc ca tng lai

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9.1) Khi nim, vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong

thc thi chin lc
/n : Cu trc t chc ca DN l tp hp cc chc nng & quan
h mang tnh chnh thc xc nh cc nhim v m mi 1 n v
ca DN phi hon thnh, ng thi c cc phong thc hp tc
gia cc n v ny.
mi quan h gia nhim v / quyn hn

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9.1.1) Vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi

chin lc
Mi quan h Cu trc Chin lc (A.Chandler) :
v Cu trc t chc ca 1 DN rng buc cch thc cc mc tiu
v cc chnh sch c thit lp.
v Cu trc rng buc cch thc v ngun lc c phn chia.
Cu trc i theo chin lc
(T thc thc thi chin lc)

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9.1.1) Vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi

chin lc
Hnh 9.2 : Mi quan h Cu trc Chin lc ca A.Chandler
Chin lc mi
c thit lp

Cc vn qun
tr mi xut hin

Thnh tch ca DN
c ci thin

Thnh tch ca
DN st gim

Mt cu trc mi
c thit lp

Structure follow Strategy

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9.1.2) 3 c im c bn ca cu trc t chc DN

v Tnh chuyn mn ha (Specialisation) : cch thc + mc
phn cng nhim v gia cc n v.
v Tnh hp tc ha (Coordination) : mt hay nhiu phng thc
phi hp hot ng gia cc n v.
v Tnh hp thc ha (Formalisation) : mc chnh xc trong
quy nh chc nng, nhim v & mi lin h gia cc n v.

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Hnh 9.3 : Khng gian cu trc t chc

Kt hp cht ch

S2

Kt hp
lng lo

Hp thc ho
hn ch

Chuyn mn
ho thp

Hp thc
ho cao

S1

Chuyn mn ho cao

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9.1.4) Cc nhn t nh hng n cu trc t chc

v Quy m = Khi lng cng vic + thng tin i hi s
chuyn mn ha + chuNn ha trnh t x l cao hn.
v Cng ngh = Tp hp cc quy trnh bin i trong DN
v Mi trng : Chc nng ca cu trc t chc l la chn v
m ho cc d liu thu thp t mi trng t chuyn i cc
d liu ny thnh cc thng tin cn thit cho vic ra quyt nh.
Tim nng ca th trng
Tnh phc tp
Ri ro

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9.2) Mt s nguyn l c bn ca cu trc t chc

9.2.1) Phn bit & Tch hp gia cu trc t chc v mi trng
9.2.2) Cu trc t chc & Tnh phc tp
9.2.3) Cu trc v vn ha

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9.2.1) Phn bit & Tch hp gia cu trc v mi trng

v Lawrence & Lorsch (1973, Environment Structure) : hiu
qukinh doanh ca 1 DN ph thuc vo mi quan h gia s
phn bit v tch hp trong cu trc t chc ca DN.
v Phn bit trong cu trc t chc l g ?
Mi n v ca cu trc t chc c mi lin h c th vi mt b
phn ca mi trng bn ngoi ca t chc.
Phn chia t chc thnh cc n v c th tng ng vi
mi trng con xc nh ca cc n v ny.

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9.2.1) Phn bit & Tch hp gia cu trc v mi trng

v Tch hp trong cu trc t chc l g ?
Phn bit dng cc ro cn t nhin cho qu trnh thng tin lin lc
gia cc n v trong t chc. Phn bit trong cu trc t chc
cng kh khn trong phi kt hp hot ng gia cc
cng ln
n v.
v Tch hp = S phi hp gia 2 hay nhiu n v ( b phn
bit) cng hon thnh nhim v ca t chc.
Tch hp pht hin v gii quyt cc xung t trong t
chc. Quy m v hiu qu ca Tch hp ph thuc vo mc
Phn bit v cc c im c th ca mi trng.

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Chng 9
9.2.2) Cu trc v tnh phc tp (Complexity)
v J.Galbraith (Designing Complex Organizations, 1972) : mc
phc tp ca cu trc t chc ph thuc ch yu vo s kt
hp ca 3 yu t :
Tnh ri ro (mi trng) :
Tnh a dng :
S ph thuc ln nhau :

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Chng 9
9.2.3) Cu trc & Vn ha
v Mt t chc trc ht l 1 nhm cc c nhn m cc gi tr ca
tng thnh vin trong nhm c t trong 1 tng lp x hi c th
rng ln hn nhiu so vi cc gi tr ring ca DN.
v Nghin cu nh hng ca cc tc nhn vn ha quc gia v a
phng n cu trc t chc DN.
M hnh Nht Bn
M hnh Chu u
M hnh M

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9.3) Cc loi hnh cu trc t chc chin lc ch yu

9.3.1) Cu trc chc nng (Functional Structure)
9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo n
v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)
9.3.3) Cu trc ma trn (Matrix Structure)
9.3.4) Cu trc ton cu (Global Structure)

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9.3.1) Cu trc chc nng

K/n: Cu trc chc nng c hnh thnh trn c s tp hp (phn
tch) cc hot ng ca DN theo chc nng kinh doanh.
Hnh 9.4 : Cu trc chc nng
Gim c

R&D

Mua

Sn xut

Kinh doanh

Hnh chnh

T chc theo chc nng kinh doanh = Tp hp (phn

tch) theo chiu ngang chui gi tr ca DN thnh cc n v chc
nng chuyn mn ha khc nhau trn c s cc k nng c bit
ca tng n v, c hon chnh bng cc b phn h tr.
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9.3.1) Cu trc chc nng

v u im :
n gin, t tn km
Hiu qu, mc chuyn mn ha cao
v Nhc im :
Tp trung trnh nhim cho lnh o.
Kh nng thch nghi km vi cc thay i ca mi trng.
Gim cc c hi ngh nghip

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo

n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)
Cu trc b phn c t chc theo 4 cch ch yu :
Sn phNm / dch v
Vng a l
Phn loi khch hng
Quy trnh thc hin

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo

n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)
Hnh 9.5 : Cu trc b phn theo sn phNm
Gim c

Sn ph+m
A

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Sn ph+m
B

Sn ph+m
C

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Sn ph+m
D

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc

theo n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)
v Cu trc theo SBU : nhm cc b phn tong t vo trong
nhng SBU v u thc iu hnh SBU cho 1 manager chnh,
ngi s chu trch nhim bo co trc tip ln CEO.
v Vic nhm cc b phn c th c thc hin theo 1 s c
tnh chung nh : cng cnh tranh trong 1 ngnh, cng s dng 1
cng ngh sn xut, cng hng ti 1 phn loi khch hng, ...

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo

n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)
Hnh 9.6 : Cu trc theo SBU
Gim c

SBU
A

SBU
B

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SBU
C

SBU
D

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9.3.3) Cu trc matrix

Hnh 9.7 : Cu trc matrix (Chc nng D n)
Gim c

Sn xut

D n A

D n B

Sn xut 1

Sn xut 2

Marketing

TC - KT

Nhn s

Marketing 1

TC-KT 1

Nhn s 1

Marketing 2

TC-KT 2

Nhn s 2

Nhn s 3

Nhn s 4

D n C

Sn xut 3

Marketing 3

TC-KT 3

D n D

Sn xut 4

Marketing 4

TC-KT 4

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