Chuong I CAC KHAI NIEM VA BAC TRUNG CO BAN Khai nigm va phan logi edm bién 1. Khai niem (Cim bign 1a thiét bj ding dé eém nhgn bign di ed dgi luting vat ly va ede dai Iuong khong c6 tinh chit dign cin do think cfc dai luang dig 06 thé do va xit If dug. Cie dai lugng cén do (m) thudmg khong ¢6 tinh chat dign (nur mhiet 49, dp sua +») tde dong Ten cim bién cho ta mOU dae tung (6) mang tinh cha dign (hur dign tich, dign 4p, dong dign hoge trér khsing) chtia dung thong tis tri cia dai hong do, Dae tnmg (s) la ham eta dai omg edn do (m): =F(m) (al) Nguiii te goi (5) [a dgi Lyng du ra hoge la phan ting eda ci bien, (m) La digi cho phép xéc dinh gi Inyng, cu vio hay kich thich (e6 ngudin g6e Ia dgi lung edn da). Thong qua do dge (3) cho phép nhan biet gid tri cba (mn), 1.12. Phan loai em bin, Cie b0 edim bin duge phan loi theo ede dge trmy ex ban sau day: - Theo nguyén ly chuyén déi gitia dap tng va kich thich (bing 1.1), Bang 1. ign tong, Chuyén déi dap tng va kich thich -Nhiet dign. ~ Quang dien = Quang ti Hign tugng vat ly = ign tir ~ Quang dan héi - Todign ~ Nhit ~ Bién déi hoa hoc Hoi hoc = Bién déi dign hod = Phin tich ph = Big dBi sinh how = Big di vat lyfigu tng trén eo thé song - Phan loai theo dang keh thich (bang 1.2) Bing 1.2 Am thanh ~ Bien pha, phan cue = Pho Tie dé truyén sng Bien ~Dign ich, ding, = Dign thé, ign sp - Dign trudmg (bién, pha, phan cue, phé) - Dien din, hing s6 dign moi .. ~ Tir trudng (bien, pha, phan cuc, pho) - Tirthong, cudmg dd tie tring = Bo tir them. ~ Bien, pha, phiin eye, pho + Toe do trayén ~ Hé sé phit xa, khiic xa He 56 haip thy, he s6 bie x8... co ~ Vint = Lye, dp suat ia te. van te ~ Ung suai, dQ cing ~ MO men ~ Khoi long, ti trong ~ Van te cht hau, 9 nh. Nhigt ~ Nhigt a = Thong hung ~ Nhigt dung, ti nhigt. Bite xa > Kida - Nang long - Cudng a9+ Theo tinh nang cia bd cém bia (bing 1.3) Baing 1.3 = Dé nhay = Kha nang qua tai - D8 chinh xéc - The 46 dap img ~ Bo phan gid - Bg én dinh = Dg chon loc = Tudi tho ~-B6 tnyén tinh - Digu kién moi trating - Cong suat eu tha - Kich thugc, trong hvong - Dai tin = Dg we = Phan logi theo phim vi sir dung (bing 1.4). Bang 1.4 = Cong nghigp -Nehin citu khoa hoc - Moi trutmg, khf twang, - Thong tin, vign thong, Nong nghi¢p - Dan dung. - Giao thong, - Vatu = Quin sy = Phan loai theo thong sf fia m6 hinh mach thay thé + Cim bigh tich cue 6 du ra La ngudn 4p hode ngudn dong. + Cam bign thu dong duge dic trumg bang céc thong sR, L, C, M .... tuyén tinh hoae phi tuyén, 1.2. Budng cong chudin eda ci bién 1.2.1. Khai niem uring cong chusin cam bin Wa dutmg cong bigu dién sy phy thuge cia dgi Inromg dien (s) 8 du ra ciia cm bign vio gid tri cia dai hing do (m) & dia vio,