Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OBJECTIVES
After studying Chapter 18, the reader will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
KEY TERMS
Actuator
Analog-to-digital (AD) converter
Binary
Central processing unit (CPU)
Clock generator
Controller
Controller area network (CAN)
Digital
Duty cycle
EEPROM
E2 PROM
Electronic control assembly
(ECA)
Electronic control module (ECM)
Electronic control unit (ECU)
Engine mapping
High-side drivers (HSD)
Input conditioning
Keep-alive memory (KAM)
Low-side drivers (LSD)
Multiplexing
Network
Nonvolatile RAM
Output drivers
Powertrain Control Module
(PCM)
Programmable read-only
memory (PROM)
Random-access memory (RAM)
Read-only memory (ROM)
Serial data
Splice pack
Terminating resistors
Volatile
Copyright 2010, 2007, 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved.
COMPUTER CONTROL
Input
Processing
Storage
Output
FIGURE 181 All computer systems perform four basic functions: input, processing,
storage, and output.
FIGURE 182 A potentiometer uses a movable contact to vary resistance and send
an analog voltage to the PCM.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e
By James D. Halderman
FIGURE 184 A typical output driver. In this case, the PCM applies voltage to the
fuel pump relay coil to energize the fuel pump.
LOW-SIDE DRIVERS
HIGH-SIDE DRIVERS
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
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11
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FIGURE 187 Both the top and bottom pattern have the same frequency.
However, the amount of on-time varies. Duty cycle is the percentage of the
time during a cycle that the signal is turned on.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e
By James D. Halderman
13
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
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DIGITAL COMPUTERS
15
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
16
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
PARTS OF A COMPUTER
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
CLOCK RATES AND TIMING
COMPUTER SPEEDS
BAUD RATE
CONTROL MODULE LOCATIONS
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DIGITAL COMPUTERS
FIGURE 189 Typical ignition timing map developed from testing and
used by the vehicle computer to provide the optimum ignition timing
for all engine speeds and load combinations.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e
By James D. Halderman
18
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
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DIGITAL COMPUTERS
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DIGITAL COMPUTERS
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DIGITAL COMPUTERS
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23
COMPUTER OUTPUTS
Fuel injectors
Ignition timing
Transmission shifting
Idle speed control
Evaporative emission control solenoids
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25
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Multiplexing is the
process of sending multiple
signals of information at the
same time over a signal
wire and then separating
the signals at the receiving
end.
This system of
intercommunication of
computers or processors is
referred to as a network.
FIGURE 1814 A network allows all modules to
communicate with other modules.
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28
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FIGURE 1815 A ring link network reduces the number of wires it takes to interconnect all of the modules.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e
By James D. Halderman
30
FIGURE 1816 A star-link-type network where all of the modules are connected
together using splice packs.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e
By James D. Halderman
31
SAE COMMUNICATION
CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS A
CLASS B
CLASS C
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SAE COMMUNICATION
CLASSIFICATIONS
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What Is a Bus?
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35
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FIGURE 1819 Sixteen-pin OBD II DLC with terminals identified. Scan tools use the
power pin (16) ground pin (4) for power so that a separate cigarette lighter plug is
not necessary on OBD II vehicles.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e
By James D. Halderman
37
SUMMARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard J1930 specifies that the term Powertrain Control Module
(PCM) be used for the computer that controls the engine
and transmission in a vehicle.
The four basic computer functions include input,
processing, storage, and output.
Read-only memory (ROM) can be programmable (PROM),
erasable (EPROM), or electrically erasable (EEPROM).
Computer input sensors include engine speed (RPM),
MAP, MAF, ECT, O2S, TP, and VS.
A computer can only turn a device on or turn a device off,
but it can do the operation very rapidly.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
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CHAPTER QUIZ
1.
Volt
Ohm
Ampere
Watt
40
CHAPTER QUIZ
2. The four basic computer functions include
________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
41
CHAPTER QUIZ
3. All OBD II vehicles use what type of read-only
memory?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
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CHAPTER QUIZ
4. The brain of the computer is the ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
PROM
RAM 3
CPU
AD converter
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CHAPTER QUIZ
5. Computer processing speed is measured in
________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Baud rate
Clock speed (Hz)
Voltage
Bytes
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CHAPTER QUIZ
6. Which item is a computer input sensor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
RPM
Throttle position angle
Engine coolant temperature
All of the above
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CHAPTER QUIZ
7. Which item is a computer output device?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fuel injector
Transmission shift solenoid
Evaporative emission control solenoid
All of the above
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CHAPTER QUIZ
8. The SAE term for the vehicle computer is
________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
PCM
ECM
ECA
Controller
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CHAPTER QUIZ
9. What two things can a vehicle computer actually
perform (output)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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CHAPTER QUIZ
10. Analog signals from sensors are changed to
digital signals for processing by the computer
through which type of circuit?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Digital
Analog
AD converter
PROM
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