Panic Disorder

By :
Ratna Wijayanti

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Panic
Disorder
Panic
Disorder

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Definition

Panic disorder is a
condition that have sudden
and repeated attacks of fear
that last for several minutes.
Sometimes symptoms may
last longer. These are called
panic attacks. Panic attacks
are characterized by a fear of
disaster or of losing control
even when there is no real
danger.

 Sudden and repeated attacks of fear

A feeling of being out of control
during a panic attack
An intense worry about when the
next attack will happen
A fear or avoidance of places where
panic attacks have occurred in the
past
Physical symptoms during an attack,
such as a pounding or racing heart,
sweating, breathing problems,
weakness or dizziness, feeling hot or
a cold chill, tingly or numb hands,
chest pain, or stomach pain.

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Sign and symptoms

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder

V (DSM V)
Panic disorder and agoraphobia
are unlinked in DSM-5. Thus, the former
DSM-IV diagnoses of panic disorder with
agoraphobia, panic disorder without
agoraphobia, and agoraphobia without
history of panic disorder are now replaced
by two diagnoses, panic disorder and
agoraphobia, each with separate criteria.
This change recognizes that a substantial
number of individuals with agoraphobia do
not experience panic symptoms.

Criteria for Panic Disorder DSM-V:

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Panic Disorder(includes previous diagnoses ofPanic
Disorder with AgoraphobiaandPanic Disorder without
Agoraphobia)
A. Recurrent unexpectedpanic attacks
B. At least one of the attacks has been
followed by 1 month (or more) of
one or both of the following:
1. Persistent concern or worry
about additionalpanic attacksor

their consequences
2. Significant maladaptive
change in behavior related to the
attacks

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C.ThePanic Attacksare not restricted to the direct physiological effects of a

substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition
(e.g., hyperthyroidism, cardiopulmonary disorders).
D.ThePanic Attacksare not restricted to the symptoms of another mental
disorder, such asSocial Phobia(e.g., in response to feared social situations),
Specific Phobia (e.g., in response to a circumscribed phobic object or
situation), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., in response to dirt in someone
with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., in
response to stimuli associated with a traumatic event), or Separation Anxiety
Disorder (e.g., in response to being away from home or close relatives).

Treatment

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SSRIs
Benzodiazepines
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
TCAs
MAOIs
Other agents
Anticonvulsants
Buspirone
Atypical neuroleptics
8

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American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders (Fifth edition). Washington, D.C.: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Craske M. G., et al. (2010). Panic Disorder: A Review of DSM-IV
Panic Disorder and Proposals for DSM-V. Depression & Anxiety, 27,
93-112
Wittchen H. U., et al (2010). Agoraphobia: A Review of the Diagnostic
Classificatory Position and Criteria. Depression & Anxiety, 27, 113133
National Institute of Mental Health. 2010.
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/panic-disorder/index.shtml
diakses tanggal 11 april 2015

References

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