KEY CONCEPTS (LOGARITHM) Tunes To Reweamer : 1, LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER: ‘The logarithm of the number N to the base a! is the exponent indicating the power to which the base ‘a! must be raised to obtain the number N. | log,,2= 0.3010 This number is designated as log, N. log, 3=0.4771 Hence: logN=xe @=N ,a>0,arl &N>O In? =0.693 fn 10=2.303 If a=10,then we write logb rather than log,)b . Ia=e, we write Inb rather than log.b . ‘The existence and uniqueness of the numier 1og,N follows fiom the properties of an exponential functions From the definition of the logarithm of the number N to the base’, we have an identity = =N, a0, a%1 &N>0 This is known as the FUNDAMENTAL Locanrrinic IDENTITY Nore :log,1=0 — (a>0, a1) loga=1 (@>0, az Nand 1 @>0,az1) 2. THE PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES OF LOGARIT Let M&N are arbitrary posiitive numbers, a>0,a%1,b>0, 1 and 0: is any real number then ; @ log, (M.N)=log,M+log,N (i) fog, (MUN) = og, M —log,N il) Jog, M®= a. log, M () toga = P&M log, og ara) Note: # log,a.log,b=1 < log,a=I/log,b. F 103.2. log.b. log, F 1og,x. log,y-1og,2— log. 3. PROPERTIES OF MONOTONOCITY OF LOGARITHM: (© For a> the inequality Olog,y are equivalent. ii) Ia>1 then log.x

O1 then logx>p > () OaP () WOp > aP NOTETHAT: 7 Ifthe number & the base are on one side ofthe unity, then the logarithm is positives Ifthe number & thebase are on different sides of unity then the logarithm is negative, 7 Thebase of thelogarthm ‘a’ mustnotequal unity otherwise numbers not equal to unity wll not have 2 logarithm & any number will bthe logarithm of unity Foranon negative number ‘a! & n22,neN Ya ‘Will be covered in detail in QUADRATIC EQAUTION Logarithm (Online Problem Book) Page #1 Gx