1)

From the readings about Buddhism it seems the primary human problem that it is
working against is desire. Suffering can be caused by an uncontrollable source, however
suffering that is truly harmful is that which is expressed through desire, and unfulfilled
desire to be precise. By controlling or losing your desire, you will successful overcome
suffering and achieve liberation by escaping the cycle of rebirth.
2)
An ideal adherent of Buddhism would know and understand the Four Noble Truths and
work to follow the Noble Eightfold Path which allows a resolution of the Four Noble
Truths, primarily the last one, which is to end suffering. If one is able to fallow the
Eightfold Path, then he has understood the importance of the Four Noble Truths by taking
a path to eliminate suffering from his life. Some actions of someone who has taken the
Noble Eightfold Path would adopt right views, aspirations, speech, conduct, livelihood,
effort, mindfulness, and contemplation. He/She would strive to not commit fornication,
idle talk, deception, stealing, lying, ill will, and greed at the same time would try to be
fervent, aware, focused, harmless, and knowledgeable.
3)
The Ultimate Reality in Buddhism seems to be a state of being rather than a divine entity.
Although there are mentions of various gods and supernatural powers ascribed to
Buddhas, the ultimate is reached when a person attains true selflessness and loss of
desire. This Ultimate reality, also known is Nirvana, is the state of being free from
suffering and consequently, the cycle of rebirth.