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Milan Suboti
Institut for European Studies
Belgrade

Summary

RUSSIA IN THE EYES OF MARQUIS DE CUSTINE

The publishing of the abridged Serbian edition of Marquis de Custines book Russia in
1839 is one of the main motivations behind this review of Custines work. In the
interpretation of Custines book, the author uses the frames of current debates on symbolic
geography and the processes of mental mapping. Using theoretical insights about both
the different ways of representing the Other and Otherness and the discursive practices
of orientalisation (Said, Wolff, and Todorova), Custines work is an adequate illustration
for a long lasting practice of exoticising and essentialising Russia as the opposite of
Europe or the West. Simultaneously, the author argues that one of the main axes of the
Russian culture itself, was the similarly constructed polarity between Russia and the West
(Chaadaev, the Russian Slavophilism, Westerners, etc). As a consequence of the strong
impact of this dual model of thinking, Custins work was able to reach such a broad recaption and popularity for such a long period of time. Numerous Custines characterizations of
Russians as slaves who adore their tyrants and Russia as the Orient without a sun
were repeatedly describing the Soviet Union during the Cold War period. During that
period, Custines descriptions of Russian national character were seen as self-evident and
his travel writing about Imperial Russia was evaluated as an example for a new science sovietology.
In this essay the author is not presenting a contradictive or alternative version of social
and political reality in Russia at any time. Custines representation of Russia and its
reception during the Cold War period are examined through their appropriation and meaning in an identity creating discourse. Thus the authors interest is focused on investigating
the function of the creation and representation of the Other in the process of creating and
negotiating the own identity. In other words, in this article the author doesnt treat the
question of adequacy of these representations with the historical and political reality.
In the second part of the essay, Custines views on Russia are interpreted from the
perspective of his biography and the socio-political contest of his time. Through the
authors analysis, some internal contradictions of Custines political and philosophical
points of view are detected. The journey to Russia is described as a drama of Custines
personal conversion, in which he as a follower of the ancient regime and the absolute
monarchy, becomes a committed advocate of constitutional governance. In this way Custines case anticipates the fate of many western intellectuals who later on, upon returning
from the Soviet Union, abandon their former believe in communism.
Kay words: Russia, West, Custine, travel writing, politics, and identity.

98