Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SWAT
California POST
contents
O perational G uidelines
and
S tandardized
T raining R ecommendations
contents
California POST
SWAT
O perational G uidelines
and
S tandardized
T raining R ecommendations
POST2005TPS- 0369.1
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Copyright
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAT Operational Guidelines
and Standardized Training Recommendations
Copyright 2005
California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST)
POST2005TPS-0369.1
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
The Mission
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the California Commission On Peace Officer Standards and Training
is to continually enhance the professionalism of California Law
Enforcement in serving its communities.
POST
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Commissioners
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anthony W. Batts
Ron Lowenberg
John Avila
Collene Campbell
Public Member
Robert Doyle
Bonnie Dumanis
Deborah Linden
Nelson Lum
Henry Perea
Laurie Smith
Michael Sobek
Bill Lockyer
Ken OBrien
POST ii
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Acknowledgements
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This manual could not have been developed without the combined
POST would like to extend its gratitude to the many law enforcement
officers, supervisors, managers, and support staff who contributed to the
success of this project.
POST iii
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Foreword
n .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kenneth J. OBrien
Executive Director
POST iv
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.0
Definition of SWAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.0
3.0
Policy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.0
Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.0
Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
SWAT Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
11.0
12.0
After-Action Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
13.0
Appendices
POST
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Introduction
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The following are guidelines and standardized training
POST
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
1.0
Definition of SWAT
POST
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
2.0
2. Containment
POST
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
3.0
Policy Considerations
forming
POST
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
n Multi-agency response
n Out-of-jurisdictional response
structure
POST
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4.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Risk Assessment
POST
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5.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Planning
POST
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
5 . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAT team policies and training should consider planning for both
spontaneous and planned events.
5 . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAT teams should incorporate medical emergency contingency
planning as part of the SWAT operational plan.
POST
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6.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST 10
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8.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
8 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAT teams should wear uniforms that clearly identify team members
as law enforcement officers.
POST 11
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9.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
u Agencies should ensure that the SWAT selection process is reasonable, job
related, and unbiased.
9 . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agencies should establish physical fitness standards for the selection and
retention of SWAT team members.
POST 12
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9.0 continued
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
9 . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agencies should establish SWAT core skills proficiency levels for SWAT
team members.
POST 13
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
10.0
SWAT Training
10 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initial Training
POST 14
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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10.0 continued
SWAT Training
n Decision-making
POST 15
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
10.0 continued
SWAT Training
POST 16
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
10.0 continued
SWAT Training
10 . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Training Safety
10 . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenario-Based Training
10 . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Training Plan
10 . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Training Documentation
POST 17
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11.0
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST 18
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12.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
After-Action Evaluation
POST 19
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13.0
SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
Planning
Training
n Agencies should establish SWAT K-9 core skills proficiency levels for
full deployment of canine handlers with the SWAT team, which are
consistent with POST K-9 guidelines.
as part of the SWAT K-9 team.
POST 21
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
Safety Considerations
n Rescue procedures for the SWAT K-9 team (i.e. handler down)
Formation
POST 22
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
Policy Considerations
u Agencies should organize CNT with regard to the following policy
considerations:
equipment maintenance.
n Communications/Negotiations
n Intelligence
n Tactical Liaison
n Logistics.
Initial Training
POST 23
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
Initial Training
POST 24
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
n Tactics
n Observation/Communication
Safety Considerations
u Refer to POST Guidelines for Student Safety in Certified Courses for further
training safety information.
POST 25
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
13.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAT Waterborne Operations
u Definition
For the purposes of this section, waterborne operations refer to the deployment
of specially trained SWAT Operators to engage in tactical operations associated
with the waterborne environment.
Needs Assessment
Training
Planning
POST 26
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
Multi-jurisdictional Issues
u Definition
For the purposes of this section, a tactical airborne operation refers to the use of
air support as a resource in coordination with SWAT to resolve critical incidents.
Planning
POST 27
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Specialized Functions
and Supporting Resources
13.0 continued
Safety Considerations
Training
n SWAT teams who utilize air support for recurrent missions should
Firearms
POST 28
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix A
d. Mission documentation
e. Communications
f. Medical support
g. Mission debriefings
2. Containment Element
b. Evacuation
3. Entry/Apprehension/Rescue Element
a. Scouting missions
b. Breaching
d. Rescue operations
e. Subject/suspect detention
POST 29
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix B
1. Introduction
a. Course Objectives
3. Policy Issues
b. Use of Force
5. Psychological Considerations
a. Post-Trauma Stress
b. Stress Management
POST 30
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix B continued
6. Physical Considerations
a. Uniform Equipment
c. Communications Devices
8. Operational Planning
a. Importance of Planning
c. Principles of Containment
d. Intelligence Gathering
e. Pre-Event Planning
f. Contemporaneous Planning
g. Implementation/Resolution
h. Incident De-Briefing
a. Canines
b. Airborne
c. Crisis Negotiations
d. Explosive Breaching
e. Long Rifle/Observer
f. Rescue Operations
g. Mobile Assaults
POST 31
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix B continued
c. Media Considerations
b. Team Communications
c. Overcoming Obstacles
d. Practical Application
c. Mechanical Breaching
e. Practical Application
c. Practical Application
b. Practical Application
POST 32
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix B continued
a. Handguns
b. Shoulder-fired Weapons
c. Practical Application
b. Reality-based Exercises
POST 33
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix C
c.
g. Mechanical Breaching
(1) 12-gauge shotgun breaching
(2) Rams, picks, pullers, etc.
h.
Munitions
(1) Chemical agents: Options and delivery systems
(2) Less lethal impact munitions and delivery
(4) Light/sound diversionary devices
(5) Other less lethal devices
k. Weapons Maintenance
POST 34
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix C continued
b. Aircraft Intervention
d. Booby Traps
e. Camouflage Techniques
f. Conducting Evacuations
g. Containment Techniques
i. Covert Clearing
k. Dynamic Clearing
m. Entries
n.
o. Homicide Bombers
r. Night Movement
t. Reactionary Responses
v. Rural Operations
POST 35
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix C continued
w. Scouting
x. Searching Techniques
3. Decision-Making
c. Barricaded subject/suspect
e. Hostage situations
(1) Suicide intervention
(2) Other
a. Airborne Operations
b. Counter-Terrorism
c. Executive Protection
d. Explosive Breaching
e. Long Rifle/Observer
h. Riot Response
i. Surveillance
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix C continued
m. Train/Trolley Assaults
n Waterborne Operations
o. WMD Response
POST 37
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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SWAT/Tactical
Appendix D Commanders Course Topics
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . These course topic recommendations are designed for supervisory and
1. Introduction
a. Course Objectives
c. Documentation
e. Equipment/New Technology
4. Legal Issues
b. Use of Force
a. Policy
b. MOUs
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix D continued
c. Communications
6.
Deployment Guidelines
a. Warrant Service
b. Hostage Rescue
c. Barricaded Suspect/Subject
f. Specialty Tactics
g. Protection Details
a. Incident Command
b. Tactical Command
c. Communications
a. Situation Assessment
b. Operational Planning
c. Force Options
d. Medical Support
e. Briefing
POST 39
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix D continued
a. SWAT Team
d. Tactical Dispatch
c. Air Support
d. Evacuation
e. Arrest/Reaction Team
f. Chemical Agents
h. Breaching
j. Hostage Rescue
k. Bomb Squad
l. WMD
b. Reality-based Exercises
POST 40
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SWAT
Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Core Competencies
for SWAT K-9 Teams
Appendix E
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWAT K-9 handler:
8. Long-line utilization
11. Hand and/or audible down commands for K-9 during tactical search
23. Other skills consistent with agency mission profile, based on local
needs
POST 41
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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1. Historical Perspective
a.
a.
Three Cs of Negotiations
(1) Containment
(2) Control
(3) Communication
b. Logistics
(1) On Site Support CNT
(2) On Site Support - Tactical
POST 42
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix F continued
c.
Intelligence
(1) Interview
(2) Subject Profile
(3) Information Sharing
4. Incident Types
a. Hostage Situations
b. Non-Hostage Situations
c. Special Circumstances
(1) Custodial/Corrections Incidents
(2) Suicide by Cop
(3) Repeat Offenders
(4) Law Enforcement Personnel
5. Subject Types
b. Suicide
c. Interrupted Crimes
d. Domestic Violence
e. Terrorism
f. Chemical Influence
6. Response Protocol
a. Team Activation
(1) First Responder Evaluation
(2) Department Policy Issues
POST 43
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix F continued
a. Risk Assessment
(1) Type of Incident
(2) Appropriate Action to Resolve
c. Stockholm Syndrome
d. Victimology
e. Hostage Behavior
8. Equipment
b. Technology
9. Negotiation Techniques
a.
Verbal Communications
(1) Face to Face
(2) Electronic Communications
(3) Third Party Communications
a. Communication Skills
(1) Active Listening
c. Time Considerations
b. Transfer of Communications
POST 44
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix F continued
12. Debriefing
a.
a. Crime Scene
(1) Evidence
(2) Securing from the Scene
b. HOBAS / LEO
c. Documentation
(1) Reports and Recorded Material
Incident Review
(1) Individual
(2) Team
(3) Tactical / CNT Joint Debriefing
a. Media Management
(1) 409.5 PC / Media Access
(2) No Fly Zones
a. Risk Management
b. Ethics
c. Case Law
POST 45
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix F continued
a. Safety
b. Group Scenarios
c. Debriefing of Scenarios
(1) Student Performance Evaluations
POST 46
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Crisis Negotiations
Appendix G Core Competencies
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CNT core competencies will diminish unless maintained through
1. Core Competencies:
c.
e. Homicide/Suicide indicators
a. Drug/alcohol/medication interactions
c. Juvenile issues
d. Faith-based negotiations
Communications skills
(1) Active listening
(2) Tactical communications
(3) Interview and Interrogation skills
e. Extremist groups
POST 47
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix G continued
i. Mental disorders
l. Linguistics
m. Socio-cultural awareness
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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1. Safety Issues
a. Classroom
b. Range
c. Operational
5. Legal Issues
b. Case studies
c. Documentation
(1) Training records
POST 49
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix H continued
c. Low-light shooting
g. Position shooting
h. Rifle care
i. Data books
7. Ballistics
a. Internal ballistics
b. External ballistics
(1) Environmental factors
(2) Angle shooting
c. Terminal ballistics
(1) Intermediate barrier shooting
a. Camouflage
c. Hides
d. Movement
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Appendix H continued
9. Observation/Communication Skills
a. Observation/retention exercises
b. Intelligence gathering
c. Reporting
(1) Observation log
d.
e.
Diagramming
(1) Range cards
(2) Field sketching
Team member communications
POST 51
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Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
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Tactical Waterborne
Appendix I Core Competencies
b. Self-rescue techniques
POST 52