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=DGDU=)=ULQVNR)UDQNRSDQVNDJUL7&
7UJRYDNLFHQWDUJU9UW5HOMD95
JU&DVNDJU ,DNR0HUNXUERFHLSVHXGR
0HUNXUERLFHRNYLUQRSULSDGDMXLVWRPYUHPHQVNRP
UD]GREOMX]DHWYHURNXWQHSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFHPRH
HVWHURNXWQLKLRVPHURNXWQLKSULPMHUDND1MLKMHPRJXH

QRRQLKHVWHURNXWQLKLRVPHURNXWQLKJRYRULXSULORJ VYUVWDWLXYUHPHQVNRUD]GREOMHRGNUDMDGRSRHWND
WRPXGDMHXULPVNRMSURYLQFLML'DOPDFLMLSRVWRMDODOR VWROMHDSR.U6WRJDVHLQLGDSURL]YRGQMDLXSRUDED
NDOQDUDGLRQLFD LOLUDGLRQLFH VWDNODWRMHYHXQHNR

HVWHURNXWQLKLRVPHURNXWQLKSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDQH

OLNR QDYUDWD LVWLFDQR 2VLP NYDQWLWHWRP XNXSQR  ELLODXSRWSXQRLVWLNURQRORNLRNYLU1MLKELWUHEDOR


SURQDHQDSULPMHUND SVHXGR0HUNXUERLFHVSURVWRUD GDWLUDWLXUD]GREOMHRGVUHGLQHGRNUDMDVWROMHD
/LEXUQLMHYHRPDVXVSHFLQHSRPRUIRORNLPRGOLNDPD RGQRVQRYMHURMDWQLMHGRGUXJHSRORYLFHVWROMHD

6OLJRYLQDSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDPDHWYHURNXWQRJWLMHODL]VMHYHUQH,WDOLMH
6O6WDPSVRQWKHSVHXGR0HUFXU\ERWWOHVIURP1RUWKHUQ,WDO\

=ERUQLN,PHXQDURGQRJDUKHRORNRJNRORNYLMD5LPVNHNHUDPLDUVNHLVWDNODUVNHUDGLRQLFH

.DWDORJ
3VHXGR0HUNXUERLFHHWYHURNXWQRJDWLMHOD
8 RYX NDWHJRULMX SVHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD VSDGDMX SULPMHUFL L]GXHQRJD NYDGUDWLQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ FLOLQGULQRJD YUDWD
2ERGRYDNYLKERLFDOMHYNDVWRMHUD]YUDHQLSUVWHQDVWR]DGHEOMDQ5DPHLPMHQDJODHQRDGQREODJRXGXEOMHQR1DEODJR
XGXEOMHQRP GQX QDMHH VH QDOD]L UHOMHIQL YHJHWDELOQL LOL JHRPHWULMVNL LJ SURL]YRDD %RMD VWDNOD MH EOLMHGR XNDVWD GR
XNDVWR]HOHQNDVWD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDNRGRYLKSULPMHUDNDMHRNR
6WDULJUDG3DNOHQLFD $UJ\UXQWXP
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$ VWLQYEU2
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
&MHORYLWR VDXYDQD ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ
FLOLQGULQRJYUDWD2ERGOMHYNDVWRUD]YUDHQLSUVWHQDVWR]DGHEOMDQ
5DPHQDJODHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVUHOMHIQLPLJRPSURL]YRDD
 UR]HWD VD VHGDP ODWLFD HWLULPD UHOMHIQLP NUXLLPD WURNXWLPD" 
XNXWRYLPD7UDJSRQWLODQDGQX2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDRNR%RMD
EOLMHGRSODYNDVWR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR)DGLEU

=DGDU ,DGHU 7UJRYDNLFHQWDU JURE


,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
GQD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ
FLOLQGULQRJ YUDWD NRML SUHOD]L X UD]YUDHQ SD SUVWHQDVWR XYLMHQ
RERG5DPHQDJODHQR1HGRVWDMHGLRWLMHODL]QDGED]H'QRUDYQRV
UHOMHIQLPLJRPSURL]YRDDQDLQMHQLPRGVWLOL]LUDQHUHOMHIQHUR]HWH
2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDYHLRG%RMDEOLMHGR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

=DGDU ,DGHU 7UJRYDNLFHQWDU JJURE


,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
9 FP FPGQD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX=DGUX
&MHORYLWR VDXYDQD ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ
FLOLQGULQRJ YUDWD NRML SUHOD]L X UD]YUDHQ SD SUVWHQDVWR IRUPLUDQ
RERG 5DPH QDJODHQR 'QR EODJR XGXEOMHQR V UHOMHIQLP LJRP
SURL]YRDD X YLGX VWLOL]LUDQRJ FYLMHWD 1D XJORYLPD EODJD NUXQD
L]ERHQMD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDRNR%RMDEOLMHGRXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

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6WDULJUDG3DNOHQLFD $UJ\UXQWXP
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$ VWLQYEU2
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
*RWRYR FMHORYLWR VDXYDQD ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L
GXJRJ FLOLQGULQRJ YUDWD NRML SUHOD]L X UD]YUDHQ RERG 'LR RERGD
QHGRVWDMH5DPHQDJODHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVUHOMHIQLPLJRP
SURL]YRDD X YLGX VWLOL]LUDQRJ FYLMHWD  QD XJORYLPD HWLUL ODWLFH
L]PHXNRMLKVX9XNUDVL7UDJSRQWLODQDGQX2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWD
RNR%RMDEOLMHGRXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR)DGLEU

3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD 
,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
9 FP FPGQD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
&MHORYLWRVDXYDQDSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDL]GXHQRJHWYHURNXWQRJ
WLMHODLGXJRJFLOLQGULQRJYUDWDNRMLSUHOD]LXUD]YUDHQRERG2ERG
SUVWHQDVWR ]DGHEOMDQ 5DPH QDJODHQR 'QR UDYQR V UHOMHIQLP
LJRP SURL]YRDD QDLQMHQLP RGRG GYLMX SOLWNLK UHOMHIQLK OLQLMD
SRVWDYOMHQLK X NUL PUHD  2GQRV WLMHOD L YUDWD YHL RG  %RMD
EOLMHGRPDVOLQDVWR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

6WDULJUDG3DNOHQLFD $UJ\UXQWXP
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$ VWLQYEU2
6D9 FP FPGQD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ
FLOLQGULQRJYUDWD1HGRVWDMHGLRYUDWDLRERG5DPHQDJODHQR'QR
UDYQR V UHOMHIQLP LJRP SURL]YRDD QDLQMHQLP RG GYLMX SOLWNLK
UHOMHIQLKOLQLMDSRVWDYOMHQLKXNUL PUHD %RMDEOLMHGR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

%DNDU 9ROFHUD
,QYHQWDUQLEURM
6D9 FPGQDFP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX=DJUHEX
3VHXGR0HUNXUERLFDHWYHURNXWQRJWLMHODNRMHVHSULGQXVXDYD
'QR UDYQR V UHOMHIQLP LJRP HWLULMX GLMDPHWUDOQR SRVWDYOMHQLK
GXJXOMDVWLKODWLFD'HNRORULUDQRVWDNOR
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR/MXEL(/D]DU7

=ERUQLN,PHXQDURGQRJDUKHRORNRJNRORNYLMD5LPVNHNHUDPLDUVNHLVWDNODUVNHUDGLRQLFH
3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD "
,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX6SOLWX
&MHORYLWRVDXYDQDSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDL]GXHQRJHWYHURNXWQRJ
WLMHODLGXJRJFLOLQGULQRJYUDWDNRMLSUHOD]LXUD]YUDHQSDSUVWHQDVWR
XYLMHQRERG5DPHQDJODHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVUHOMHIQLPLJRP
SURL]YRDDUR]HWDVDVUHGLQMRPNUXQLFRPLHWLULYLGOMLYHODWLFH
2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDYHLRG%RMDXNDVWR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

&DVND &LVVD
,QYHQWDUQLEURM&=1 JURE
9 FP FPGQDFP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQDSULYUHPHQDSRKUDQDX0X]HMXDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD NRMH VH SUL GQX VXDYD
5DPHQDJODHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVWUDJRPRWLVNDLJD2GQRV
WLMHODLYUDWDRNR%RMDXNDVWR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

=DGDU ,DGHU =ULQVNR)UDQNRSDQVND


,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
9 FP FPGQD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
&MHORYLWR VDXYDQD ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HWYHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ
FLOLQGULQRJYUDWD2ERGOMHYNDVWRUD]YUDHQLSUVWHQDVWR]DGHEOMDQ
5DPHEODJR]DNRHQR5HFLSLMHQWLVSXFDQ'QRQH]QDWQRXGXEOMHQR
VDVODELPWUDJRPSRQWLOD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDRNR%RMDEOLMHGR
XNDVWD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

=DGDU ,DGHU 1LQ $HQRQD 3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD 


,QYHQWDUQLEURM VWDULLQYEU 
9 FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0XVHRYHWUDULRGL0XUDQR
&MHORYLWRVDXYDQDSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDL]GXHQRJHWYHURNXWQRJ
WLMHODLGXJRJFLOLQGULQRJYUDWDNRMLSUHOD]LXUD]YUDHQSDSUVWHQDVWR
XYLMHQRERG5DPHQDJODHQR'QRUDYQRVUHOMHIQLPLJRPSURL]YRDD
HWLULUHOMHIQDL]ERHQMDXXJORYLPDLMHGQRXVUHGLQL2GQRVWLMHODL
YUDWDYHLRG%RMDXNDVWDWUDQVSDUHQWQD
'DWDFLMDNUDMUDQRVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR5DYDJQDQEU

,YR)DGL

3VHXGR0HUNXUERLFHHVWHURNXWQRJWLMHOD
'UXJRMLQDLFLSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDVSDGDMXSULPMHUFLVDHVWHURNXWQLPL]GXHQLPWLMHORPLXVNLPGXJLPFLOLQGULQLPYUDWRP3ULMHOD]L]WLMHOD
XYUDWNRGSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFDPRHELWLSRVWXSDQLOLL]UD]LWRQDJODHQ EODJRLVWDNQXWRUDPH 2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDNRGRYHLQDLFHMHRNR
2ERGMHKRUL]RQWDOQRUD]YUDHQLSUVWHQDVWR]DGHEOMDQ1DEODJRXGXEOMHQRPGQXQDMHHVHQDOD]LUHOMHIQLLJSURL]YRDDUHOMHIQL
NUXLLODWLFHUHOMHIQLNUXJUHOMHIQLNULLQLFLMDOLLSDOPD%RMDVWDNODNRGRYLKSULPMHUDNDMHEOLMHGRXNDVWDELMHORXNDVWDGRSODYNDVWR
]HOHQNDVWD
6WDULJUDG3DNOHQLFD $UJ\UXQWXP
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$ VWLQYEU2
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
&MHORYLWRVDXYDQDERLFDL]GXHQRJHVWHURNXWQRJWLMHODNRMHSUHNR
EODJRQDJODHQRJUDPHQDSUHOD]LXGXJLXVNLFLOLQGULQLYUDW2ERG
OMHYNDVWR UD]YUDHQ L SUVWHQDVWR ]DGHEOMDQ 'QR EODJR XGXEOMHQR V
UHOMHIQLPLJRPSURL]YRDDUHOMHIQLNUXJVNYDLFRP PRGD4 
2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDQHWRPDQMLRG%RMDEOLMHGRXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLFDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR)DGLEU

6WDULJUDG3DNOHQLFD $UJ\UXQWXP
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$ VWLQYEU2"
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
&MHORYLWRVDXYDQDERLFDL]GXHQRJHVWHURNXWQRJWLMHODNRMHSUHNR
QDJODHQRJUDPHQDSUHOD]LXGXJLXVNLFLOLQGULQLYUDW2ERGOMHYNDVWR
UD]YUDHQ L SUVWHQDVWR ]DGHEOMDQ 'QR EODJR XGXEOMHQR V UHOMHIQLP
LJRPSURL]YRDDUHOMHIQLNUXJVNYDLFRP PRGD4 3UHNRLJD
SUHOD]LWUDJSRQWLOD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDRNR
%RMDEOLMHGRXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR)DGLEU

6WDULJUDG3DNOHQLFD $UJ\UXQWXP
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$ VWLQYEU2"
6DY FP FP5RERGD 
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
%RLFD L]GXHQRJ HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ XVNRJ FLOLQGULQRJ
YUDWD *RUQML GLR YUDWD L RERG QHGRVWDMX 5DPH EODJR QDJODHQR L
]DREOMHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVGMHORPLFHQHMDVQLPUHOMHIQLPLJRP
SURL]YRDDSUYRVORYRPRJXH]UFDOQRD]DGQMH$,]PHXWLK
GYDMX VORYD QDMYMHURMDWQLMH VWDEOR SDOPH 1D GQX YLGOMLY EODJL WUDJ
SRQWLOD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDQDMYMHURMDWQLMHRNR
%RMDSODYNDVWR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR)DGLEU

=ERUQLN,PHXQDURGQRJDUKHRORNRJNRORNYLMD5LPVNHNHUDPLDUVNHLVWDNODUVNHUDGLRQLFH
3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD "
,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
6D9 FP FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX6SOLWX
'RQML GLR SVHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFH HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD 'QR UDYQR V
UHOMHIQLP LJRP SURL]YRDD  WUROLVQD SDOPHWD X VUHGLQL L]PHX
]UFDOQRJ VORYD 3 L VORYD$ 1HGRVWDMH YHL GLR UHFLSLMHQWD WH YUDW L
RERG%RMD]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

=DGDU ,DGHU 1LQ $HQRQD 3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD "


,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
6D9 FP FPGQD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
%RLFD HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD NRMH SUHNR ]DREOMHQRJ UDPHQD SUHOD]L
XGXLFLOLQGULDQYUDW1HGRVWDMHYHLGLRYUDWDLRERG'QRUDYQR
V UHOMHIQLP LJRP SURL]YRDD  WUROLVQD SDOPHWD X VUHGLQL L]PHX
]UFDOQRJVORYD3LVORYD$%RMDEOLMHGR]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

&DVND &LVVD
,QYHQWDUQLEURM&=1 JURE
9 FP FPGQDFP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQDSULYUHPHQDSRKUDQDX0X]HMXDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
3VHXGR0HUNXUERLFDHVWHURNXWQRJWLMHOD NRMHVHSULGQXVXDYD 
LGXJRJXVNRJFLOLQGULQRJYUDWDNRMLSUHOD]LXSUVWHQDVWR]DGHEOMDQ
RERG'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVUHOMHIQLPLJRPSURL]YRDDWUROLVQD
SDOPHWDXVUHGLQLL]PHX]UFDOQRJVORYD3LVORYD$5DPHQDJODHQR
2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDRNR%RMDXNDVW]HOHQNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

=DGDU ,DGHU 7UJRYDNLFHQWDU JURE


,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
6D9 FP FPGQD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
%RLFD HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD 1HGRVWDMH YUDW L RERG 1D EODJR
XGXEOMHQRP GQX UHOMHIQL RWLVDN  WUL UHOMHIQD WURNXWLD SRVWDYOMHQD
SRSXWODWLFD3UHNRLJDSUHOD]LWUDJSRQWLOD%RMDEOLMHGRXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

,YR)DGL
=DGDU ,DGHU =ULQVNR)UDQNRSDQVND JURE
,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
9FFD FP FPGQD FP5RERGDFFD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
%RLFD L]GXHQRJ HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ FLOLQGULQRJ YUDWD
2ERG OMHYNDVWR UD]YUDHQ 5DPH EODJR ]DNRHQR 'QR QH]QDWQR
XGXEOMHQR 1D GQX PRGD WUDJ SRQWLOD 2GQRV WLMHOD L YUDWD RNR
1HGRVWDMHPDQMLGLRUDPHQDWHGLRYUDWDLRERGD%RMDEOLMHGR
XNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

&DVND &LVVD
,QYHQWDUQLEURM&=1 JURE
9 FP FPGQD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQDSULYUHPHQDSRKUDQDX0X]HMXDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD NRMH VH SUL GQX VXDYD
5DPHQDJODHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVSOLWNLPLQHMDVQLPUHOMHIQLP
RWLVNRPPRJXHRGSRQWLOD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDRNR
%RMD]HOHQNDVWRELMHOD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD 
,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
9 FP FPGQD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXJRJ
FLOLQGULQRJ YUDWD NRML SUHOD]L X UD]YUDHQ RERG 2ERG SUVWHQDVWR
]DGHEOMDQ 5DPH QDJODHQR 'QR EODJR XGXEOMHQR EH] WUDJRYD
UHOMHIQRJLJD1DSXNOLQHQDQHNROLNRPMHVWD1HGRVWDMHPDOLGLRX]
UXE MHGQH VWUDQLFH UHFLSLMHQWD 1D GQX OR UHOMHIQL RWLVDN PRGD
SRQWLOD 2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWDYHLRG%RMDEOLMHGRXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD "


,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX6SOLWX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD L]GXHQRJ HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD L GXHJ
FLOLQGULQRJ YUDWD NRML SUHOD]L X UD]YUDHQ RERG 2ERG SUVWHQDVWR
]DGHEOMDQ 5DPH QDJODHQR 'QR EODJR XGXEOMHQR EH] WUDJRYD
UHOMHIQRJLJD1HGRVWDMXWULVWUDQLFHUHFLSLMHQWD2GQRVWLMHODLYUDWD
YHLRG%RMDXNDVWRELMHOD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

=ERUQLN,PHXQDURGQRJDUKHRORNRJNRORNYLMD5LPVNHNHUDPLDUVNHLVWDNODUVNHUDGLRQLFH
3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD "
,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
6D9 FP FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX6SOLWX
'RQMLGLRSVHXGR0HUNXUERLFHHVWHURNXWQRJWLMHOD5DPHQDJODHQR
'QR EODJR XGXEOMHQR EH] WUDJRYD UHOMHIQRJ LJD 1HGRVWDMH GLR
UHFLSLMHQWDWHYUDWLRERG%RMDXNDVWRELMHOD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

=DGDU ,DGHU 1LQ $HQRQD 3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD "


,QYHQWDUQLEURM$
6D9 FP FPGQD FP
3RKUDQD0X]HMDQWLNRJVWDNODX=DGUX
%RLFDL]GXHQRJHVWHURNXWQRJWLMHODLGXJRJFLOLQGULQRJYUDWDNRML
MH VDXYDQ VDPR SUL GQX 5DPH EODJR ]DNRHQR 'QR ]DUDYQMHQR
1HGRVWDMH QH]QDWQL GLR WLMHOD YHL GLR YUDWD L RERG %RMD EOLMHGR
XNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
1HREMDYOMHQR

3RGJUDHNRG%HQNRYFD $VVHULD 

,QYHQWDUQLEURM*
6D9 FPVD FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX6SOLWX
*RUQML GLR SVHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFH HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD 5DPH
QDJODHQR ,] QDJODHQRJ UDPHQD L]OD]L GXJL FLOLQGULQL YUDW NRML
]DYUDYD V UD]YUDHQLP SD SUVWHQDVWR XYLMHQLP RERGRP 1HGRVWDMH
JRWRYRFLMHOLUHFLSLMHQW%RMDELMHORXNDVWD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR.LULJLQVO

6Y-XUDMNRG6HQMD /RSVLFD
,QYHQWDUQLEURM
9 FP FP5RERGD FP
3RKUDQD$UKHRORNLPX]HMX=DJUHEX
3VHXGR 0HUNXU ERLFD HVWHURNXWQRJ WLMHOD NRMH VH SUL GQX VXDYD
5DPHQDJODHQR'QREODJRXGXEOMHQRVSOLWNLPLQHMDVQLPUHOMHIQLP
RWLVNRP  PRJXH RG SRQWLOD 2GQRV WLMHOD L YUDWD RNR  %RMD
]HOHQNDVWRELMHOD
'DWDFLMDGUXJDSRORYLQDNUDMVWSR.U
2EMDYOMHQR%UXQPLGVO

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