S

S
O

S
O

Cl

=r



(Valence- Shell
Electron- Pair Repulsion VSEPR)



(Valence- Shell
Electron- Pair Repulsion VSEPR)




. ,
: 2 > 1 1
> 2 .

(distortion)

109,28

109,28



(Valence- Shell
Electron- Pair Repulsion VSEPR)

107,480

102,300

,

.
.

 VSEPR
n ( )
( ),
.

 VSEPR
Em , = ,
=, = , =
(), m=

 VSEPR

Lewis

( )

, trans

 VSEPR

1. BeCl2
Cl Be Cl

2. SF6

F
F

F
S

F
F

 VSEPR

3. NO2-

O
N

N
O

( ):
( ):

 VSEPR

4. PCl3F2

 VSEPR

4. H2CO


,
;

.
,
, .



1. H .
.
E-E: 125-505 kJ/mol, E=E: 420-710 kJ/mol, EE: 800-1090 kJ/mol
2. .
.
HCl 127pm 431 kJ/mol
HBr 141 pm 366 kJ/mol .
3. .
.
HCl 431 kJ/mol HBr 366 kJ/mol



1.
H-F < H-Cl < H-Br < H-I
2. H .

H-F < H-Cl < H-Br < H-I
3. .
E-E > E=E > EE


1.
.

) AsH3, NH3, PH3, ) 2, Cl2

2. ;
SnCl2, PF3, CO32-, ClF3, ICl4-.
.
3. 2 H2S.

; .


2
Lewis 2
,


.


1s.



1.
-

s-p

s-s

p-p



2.
-

p-p


HF
H 1s1 F 1s22s22p5

1s

2p


2
H 1s22s22p3
2p

CH4;
CH4
C-H .
H C 1s22s22p2

C


()

CH4;
2s 2p
C 1s22s12p3 ()
C 4

4
() .

CH4
2s 2p 1s .
.

CH4;
1931 Pauling
.

. ,
,
, .
CH4
2s (1 ) 2p (3 )
sp3.

CH4;

sp3 , , 109,5 0 ().

4 CH4
1s sp3
C.
4 CH4 .

CH4;

CH4;

2s
2p C

BF3;

, , 1200.
1s22s22p1 F
1s22s22p5

BF3;

2s 2p
sp2

BF3;

BeF2;

1800.
e 1s22s1 F
1s22s22p5

BeF2;

2s 2p
sp

BeF2;