MC LC

MC LC........................................................................................................1
M U..........................................................................................................2
A. NI DUNG................................................................................................3
I. i on kt dn tc l vn chin lc, m bo thnh cng
ca cch mng.........................................................................................3
II. i on kt ton dn tc l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca
cch mng................................................................................................4
III. i on kt dn tc l i on kt ton dn...............................5
IV. i on kt dn tc phi bin thnh sc mnh vt cht, c t
chc l mt trn dn tc thng nht.....................................................6
C. KT LUN..............................................................................................10
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO.....................................................11

M U
i on kt dn tc l truyn thng cc k qu bu ca nhn dn ta
trong sut tin trnh lch s dng nc v gi nc ca dn tc hng ngn
nm qua. K tha truyn thng qu bu , trong h thng t tng ca Ch
tch H Ch Minh, t tng i on kt ton dn tc l t tng c bn, nht
qun v xuyn sut trong sut cuc i hot ng cch mng ca Ngi.
Trong quan nim ca Ngi, vai tr ca qun chng nhn dn trong cch
mng gii phng dn tc th hin trc ht ch Ngi xc nh y l lc
lng c sc mnh v ch v l lc lng ch yu, quyt nh s thnh bi
ca cuc cch mng gii phng dn tc. 1 Ngi cn ch r "i on kt tc
l trc ht phi on kt i a s nhn dn, m i a s nhn dn ta l
cng nhn, nng dn v cc tng lp nhn dn lao ng khc. l nn gc
ca i on kt".
tm hiu thm v vn ny, em xin la chn ti Phn tch
nhng quan im c bn ca t tng H Ch Minh v i on kt dn tc.

Trn Minh Trng (ch bin), H Ch Minh vi Cch mng Vit Nam: Cuc i, s

nghip v o c; Nxb. i hc Quc gia H Ni, H Ni, 2012. Tr.160,161.

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A. NI DUNG
I. i on kt dn tc l vn chin lc, m bo thnh cng ca
cch mng
Vi H Ch Minh, on kt l mt truyn thng cc k qu bu ca nhn
dn ta. Tuy nhin, Ngi cho rng, nhng cuc u tranh ca nhn dn ta vo
cui th k 19, u th k 20 tht bi l do khng c s on kt thnh 1 khi
thng nht ca ton dn tc. S bng pht nh l chnh l nguyn nhn su xa
gy ra tht bi. Theo H Ch Minh, mun a cch mng n thnh cng phi
c lc lng cch mng mnh chin thng k th v xy dng thnh
cng x hi mi; mun c lc lng cch mng mnh phi thc hin i on
kt, quy t mi lc lng cch mng thnh mt khi vng chc. Do , t
tng i on kt dn tc ca H Ch Minh tr thnh vn c ngha
chin lc. l chin lc tp hp mi lc lng c th tp hp c,
nhm hnh thnh sc mnh to ln ca ton dn tc trong cuc u tranh chng
k th.
Trong tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng, c th v cn thit phi
iu chnh chnh sch v phng php tp hp lc lng cho ph hp vi
nhng i tng khc nhau, nhng i on kt dn tc lun lun c
Ngi coi l vn sng cn ca cch mng: Th nht, on kt khng phi
l th on chnh tr nht thi m l t tng c bn, nht qun, xuyn sut
tin trnh cch mng Vit Nam. Th hai, on kt quyt nh thnh cng cch
mng. V on kt to nn sc mnh, l then cht ca thnh cng. Gia on
kt v thng li c mi quan h cht ch, quy m ca on kt quyt nh quy
m, mc ca thnh cng. Cui cng, on kt phi lun c nhn thc l
vn sng cn ca cch mng.
H Ch Minh pht biu nhiu lun im v vn on kt dn tc,
on kt quc t: on kt l sc mnh, l then cht ca thnh cng; on
kt l im m, im ny m thc hin tt th ra con chu u tt; on
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kt on kt i on kt, thnh cng thnh cng i thnh cng. H Ch

Minh lun nhc nh cn b, ng vin phi thm nhun quan im coi sc
mnh ca cch mng l sc mnh ca nhn dn: Khng c sc mnh no
bng sc mnh on kt ton dn. Ton dn on kt, c min xui, min ni
on kt, th ta nht nh thng2.
II. i on kt ton dn tc l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca cch
mng
H Ch Minh cho rng: i on kt dn tc khng ch l mc tiu,
nhim v hng u ca ng m cn l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca c
dn tc. Bi v, i on kt dn tc chnh l nhim v ca qun chng, do
qun chng, v qun chng. ng c s mnh thc tnh, tp hp, on kt
qun chng to thnh sc mnh v ch trong cuc u tranh v c lp cho
dn tc, t do cho nhn dn, hnh phc cho con ngi. Vic yu nc i vi
H Ch Minh phi th hin thnh thng dn, phi lm cho ai cng c cm
n o mc, ai cng c hc hnh, sng t do, hnh phc.
Ngi nhn mnh i on kt dn tc l mc tiu ca cch mng, do
t tng i on kt dn tc phi c qun trit trong mi ng li, ch
trng, chnh sch ca ng. i on kt ton dn tc to ra sc mnh cho
cch mng. Bi, Vi H Ch Minh, qun chng nhn dn chng nhng l lc
lng c sc mnh v ch, lc lng ch yu, quyt nh s thnh cng ca
cch mng, m cn mang li sc mnh cho ng.3
Tuy nhin, i on kt dn tc khng ch l mc tiu, mc ch, nhim
v hng u ca ng m cn l mc tiu, mc ch, nhim v hng u ca
c dn tc bi y l s nghip ca qun chng, do qun chng, v qun
chng nh khng inh trn. Do , ng c vai tr thc tnh, tp hp,
Xem Vin H Ch Minh Bin nin tiu s (xut bn ln th hai), tp 2, Nxb. CTQG,
2006. Tr.158
3
Trn Minh Trng (ch bin), H Ch Minh vi Cch mng Vit Nam: Cuc i, s
nghip v o c; Nxb. i hc Quc gia H Ni, H Ni, 2012. Tr.163.
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on kt qun chng, to thnh sc mnh v ch trong cuc u tranh v c

lp dn tc, t do cho nhn dn, hnh phc cho con ngi.
III. i on kt dn tc l i on kt ton dn
Khi nim Dn trong t tng H Ch Minh c ni hm rt rng,
c ngi s dng ch mi ngi dn nc Vit, khng phn bit dn tc
thiu s hay a s, c tn ngng hay khng tn ngng, khng phn bit gi
tr gi trai, giu ngho. Ngi s dng khi nim i on kt dn tc nh
hng cho vic xy dng khi i on kt ton dn trong sut tin trnh cch
mng, bao gm mi giai cp, dn tc, tn gio. Nh vy, Trong t tng H
Ch Minh, khi nim Dn c hiu l ch th ca i on kt dn tc.4
Ngi nhiu ln nu r: Ta on kt u tranh cho thng nht v
c lp ca T quc, ta cn phi on kt xy dng nc nh. Ai c ti,
c c, c sc, c lng phng s T quc v phc v nhn dn th ta on kt
vi h. Ta y va l ng, va l mi ngi dn ca T quc Vit
Nam.Vi tinh thn on kt rng ri, Ngi dng khi nim i on kt
dn tc nh hng cho vic xy dng khi i on kt ton dn trong
sut tin trnh ca cch mng Vit Nam.
Mun thc hin i on kt ton dn th phi k tha truyn thng yu
nc - nhn ngha - on kt ca dn tc, phi c tm lng khoan dung,
lng vi con ngi. T tng i on kt ca H Ch Minh c lp trng
giai cp r rng, l i on kt ton dn vi nng ct l khi lin minh cng
- nng - tr thc do ng ca giai cp cng nhn lnh o. Mun xy dng
khi i on kt ton dn tc rng ln nh vy, th phi xc nh r u l
nn tng ca khi i on kt dn tc v nhng lc lng no to nn ci
nn tng . Ngi ch r: i on kt tc l trc ht phi on kt i a
s nhn dn, m i a s nhn dn ta l cng nhn, nng dn v cc tng lp
PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tng Ch bin, T tng H Ch Minh Nhn thc v vn
dng, Nxb. T Php, H Ni, 2013. Tr.173.
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nhn dn lao ng khc. Lc lng ch yu trong khi on kt dn tc l

cng nng, nn lin minh cng nng l nn tng ca Mt trn dn tc thng
nht. Ngi nu thm: Lin minh cng nng - lao ng tr c lm nn tng
cho khi i on kt ton dn, nn tng c cng c vng chc th khi i
on kt dn tc cng c m rng, khng e ngi bt c th lc no c th
lm suy yu khi i on kt dn tc.
IV. i on kt dn tc phi bin thnh sc mnh vt cht, c t
chc l mt trn dn tc thng nht
Theo H Ch Minh, i on kt l to nn lc lng cch mng,
lm cch mng xa b ch c, xy dng ch mi. Do , i on kt
dn tc khng th ch dng li quan nim, t tng, nhng li ku gi,
m phi tr thnh mt chin lc cch mng, tr thnh khu hiu hnh ng
ca ton ng, ton dn ta. N phi bin thnh sc mnh vt cht, thnh lc
lng vt cht c t chc v t chc chnh l Mt trn dn tc thng nht.
Dn tc hay qun chng nhn dn khi cha c t chc v gic ng v
li ch, mc tiu, l tng th ch l s ng cha c sc mnh. Ch khi qun
chng c t chc, c gic ng v li ch, mc tiu chin u chung, l
tng v c t chc li thnh mt khi vng chc v hot ng theo mt
ng li chnh tr ng n th mi c th tr thnh sc mnh vt cht to
ln.
H Ch Minh i tm ng cu nc, xt trn mt kha cnh no ,
chnh l i tm sc mnh gii phng dn tc, gii phng nhn dn lao ng.
V sc mnh m Ngi tm c l i on kt dn tc, kt hp sc
mnh dn tc vi sc mnh thi i. T khi tm thy con ng v sc mnh
cu nc, H Ch Minh rt ch n vic a qun chng nhn dn
vo nhng t chc yu nc ph hp vi tng giai cp, tng lp, tng gii,
tng ngnh ngh, tng la tui, tng tn gio. l cc gi lng, trng bn,
cc hi i hu, tng tr, cng hi, nng hi, on thanh nin, hi ph n, i
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thiu nin nhi ng, hi ph lo, hi Pht gio cu quc, Cng gio yu nc,
cc nghip on, v.v., bao trm nht l Mt trn dn tc thng nht. Mt trn
chnh l ni quy t mi t chc v c nhn yu nc, tp hp mi ngi dn
nc Vit, khng ch trong nc m cn c nhng ngi Vit Nam nh c
nc ngoi, d bt c phng tri no, nu tm lng vn hng v qu
hng t nc, v T quc Vit Nam...
Ty theo tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng, H Ch Minh v ng
ta xy dng c Mt trn dn tc thng nht c cng lnh, iu l ph
hp vi yu cu, nhim v ca tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng. Cc t
chc Mt trn nc ta u l t chc chnh tr - x hi rng ri, tp hp
ng o cc giai cp, tng lp, dn tc, tn gio, ng phi, cc t chc v
c nhn yu nc trong v ngoi nc, phn u v mc tiu chung l c
lp, thng nht ca T quc v t do, hnh phc ca nhn dn.
Mt trn dn tc thng nht tr thnh mt t chc cch mng to ln,
theo H Ch Minh, n cn c xy dng theo nhng nguyn tc c bn sau:
Th nht: Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi c xy dng trn nn tng
lin minh cng nng (v sau Ngi nu thm l lin minh cng nng v lao
ng tr c), di s lnh o ca ng cng sn, t m rng Mt trn lm
cho Mt trn thc s tr thnh mt t chc chnh tr rng ln quy t c lc
lng ca c dn tc, tp hp c lc lng ca ton dn, kt thnh mt
khi vng chc.
Th hai: Mt trn hot ng theo nguyn tc hip thng dn ch, ly
vic thng nht li ch ti cao ca dn tc vi li ch ca cc tng lp nhn
dn lm c s cng c v khng ngng m rng. Khi c nhng li ch
ring bit khng ph hp, Mt trn s gii quyt bng vic nu cao li ch
chung ca dn tc, bng s vn ng hip thng dn ch, to ra nhn thc
ngy cng ng n hn cho mi ngi, mi b phn v mi quan h gia li
ch chung v li ch ring, cng nhau bn bc i n nht tr, loi tr mi
s p t hoc dn ch hnh thc. Trong bi ni chuyn ti lp bi dng cn
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b v cng tc Mt trn (thng 8-1962), Ngi yu cu: Chng ta phi on

kt cht ch cc tng lp nhn dn... Phi on kt tt cc ng phi, cc on
th, cc nhn s trong Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, thc hin hp tc lu di,
gip ln nhau, cng nhau tin b. Phi on kt cc dn tc anh em, cng
nhau xy dng T quc... Phi on kt cht ch gia ng bo lng v
ng bo cc tn gio, cng nhau xy dng i sng ha thun m no, xy
dng T quc.
Th ba: Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi on kt lu di, cht ch;
on kt tht s, chn thnh; thn i gip nhau cng tin b. 5 Gia cc
thnh vin ca khi i on kt dn tc, bn cnh nhng im tng ng
vn c nhng im khc nhau cn phi bn bc i n nht tr; bn cnh
nhng nhn t tch cc vn c nhng nhn t tiu cc cn phi khc phc.
gii quyt vn ny, mt mt, H Ch Minh nhn mnh phng chm "cu
ng tn d", ly ci chung hn ch ci ring, ci khc bit; mt khc,
Ngi nu r: "on kt phi gn vi u tranh, u tranh tng cng
on kt". Ngi thng xuyn cn dn phi khc phc tnh trng on kt
xui chiu, phi nu cao tinh thn t ph bnh v ph bnh biu dng mt
tt, khc phc mt cha tt, cng c on kt ni b. on kt tht s ngha
l mc ch phi nht tr v lp trng cng phi nht tr. on kt tht s
ngha l va on kt, va u tranh, hc nhng ci tt ca nhau, ph bnh
nhng ci sai ca nhau v ph bnh trn lp trng thn i, v nc, v dn.
Trong qu trnh xy dng, cng c v pht trin Mt trn dn tc thng nht,
ng ta lun u tranh chng khuynh hng c c, hp hi, coi nh vic
tranh th tt c nhng lc lng c th tranh th c; ng thi chng
khuynh hng on kt mt chiu, on kt m khng c u tranh ng mc
trong ni b Mt trn.
T , H Ch Minh nh hng cho vic hnh thnh ba tng Mt trn
PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tng Ch bin, T tng H Ch Minh Nhn thc v vn
dng, Nxb. T Php, H Ni, 2013. Tr.176.
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 Vit Nam l: Mt trn i on kt dn tc; Mt trn on kt Vit Min

Lo v Mt trn nhn dn tin b th gii on kt vi nhn dn Vit Nam
chng quc xm lc.
ng Cng sn ng vai tr quan trng va l thnh vin va l lc
lng lnh o trong Mt trn. ng Cng sn Vit Nam khng c li ch
ring m l gn lin vi li ch ton x hi, ton dn tc. ng Cng sn Vit
Nam cm quyn khng phi ch v li ch ca giai cp mnh m v "phi tr
thnh dn tc" mi c th gii phng c dn tc v giai cp. H Ch Minh
lun lun nhn mnh rng: ng Cng sn Vit Nam l mt thnh vin ca
Mt trn dn tc thng nht, ng thi l lc lng lnh o Mt trn. Nhng
Ngi cho rng, quyn lnh o Mt trn khng phi do ng t phong cho
mnh, m phi c nhn dn tha nhn. Ngi ni: ng khng th i hi
Mt trn tha nhn quyn lnh o ca mnh, m phi t ra l mt b phn
trung thnh nht, hot ng nht v chn thc nht. Ch trong u tranh v
cng tc hng ngy, khi qun chng rng ri tha nhn chnh sch ng n
v nng lc lnh o ca ng, th ng mi ginh c a v lnh o.

C. KT LUN

T tng H Ch Minh v i on kt dn tc ng mt vai tr quan

trng trong tin trnh cch mng ca dn tc ta. Nhng quan im c bn ca
t tng H Ch Minh v i on kt dn tc trn y c hnh thnh,
tng bc c hon chnh qua tin trnh cch mng Vit Nam cng nh
c thc tin cch mng kim nghim trong sut chiu di lch s ca t
nc.

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DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Hi ng ch o bin son gio trnh quc gia cc b mn khoa hc
Mc-Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, Gio trnh t tng H Ch Minh, Nxb.
CTQG, H Ni, 2003.
2. B gio dc & o to, Gio trnh t tng H Ch Minh, Nxb.
CTQG, H Ni, 2005.
3. Trn Minh Trng (ch bin), H Ch Minh vi Cch mng Vit Nam:
Cuc i, s nghip v o c; Nxb. i hc Quc gia H Ni, H Ni,
2012.
4. PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tng Ch bin, T tng H Ch Minh
Nhn thc v vn dng, Nxb. T Php, H Ni, 2013.
5. PGS. Phng Hu Ph Ch bin, Chin lc i on kt H Ch
Minh, Nxb. Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni, 2010.
6. Vin H Ch Minh Bin nin tiu s (xut bn ln th hai), tp 2,
Nxb. Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni, 2006.

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