MEMORIU TEHNIC

REDUCTOR TIP RI

RAD TUDOR DAN

1 Cuprins
1.

Calcule Preliminare .....................................................................................................................................4

2.

Transmisi prin curele ..................................................................................................................................6

2.1

2.1.1

Formule de calcul .......................................................................................................................6

2.1.2

Calcule ........................................................................................................................................9

2.1.3

Raport ...................................................................................................................................... 13

2.2

Curele Trapezoidale ............................................................................................................................6

Curele Dintate.................................................................................................................................. 15

2.2.1

Formule de calcul .................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.2

Calcule ..................................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.3

Raport ...................................................................................................................................... 21

Angrenaj Cilindric cu Dinti Inclinati ......................................................................................................... 23

3.1

Formule de calcul ............................................................................................................................ 23

3.2

Calcule ............................................................................................................................................. 37

3.3

Raport .............................................................................................................................................. 41

Transmisie cu Lant ................................................................................................................................... 45

4.1

Formule de calcul ............................................................................................................................ 45

4.2

Calcule ............................................................................................................................................. 52

4.3

Raport .............................................................................................................................................. 56

Arbori ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
5.1

Fortele rezultate din angrenare....................................................................................................... 59

5.2

Dimensionarea constructiva a arborilor .......................................................................................... 60

5.3

Calculul reactiunilor din lagare folosind MathCad .......................................................................... 62

5.4

Formule de calcul in MechSoft ........................................................................................................ 64

5.5

Arborele 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 65

5.5.1
5.6

Arborele 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 72

5.6.1
6

Rezultate calcul arbore 1 ......................................................................................................... 67

Rezultate calcul arbore 2 ......................................................................................................... 74

Rulmenti .................................................................................................................................................. 79
6.1

Formule de calcul ............................................................................................................................ 79

6.2

Calcule rulment Arbore 1 ................................................................................................................ 81

6.3

Raport rulment arbore 1 ................................................................................................................. 83

6.4

Calcul rulment arbore 2 ................................................................................................................... 84

6.5

Raport rulment arbore 2 ................................................................................................................. 86

Pene ......................................................................................................................................................... 87
2

7.1

Formule de calcul ............................................................................................................................ 87

7.2

Calcule ............................................................................................................................................. 88

7.2.1

Pana Capat Arbore 1 ................................................................................................................ 88

7.2.2

Raport pana capat arbore 1 ..................................................................................................... 88

7.2.3

Pana Roata Dintata Arbore 1 ................................................................................................... 89

7.2.4

Raport pana roata dintata arbore 1 ........................................................................................ 89

7.2.5

Pana Capat Arbore 2 ................................................................................................................ 90

7.2.6

Raport pana capat arbore 2 ..................................................................................................... 91

7.2.7

Pana Roata Dintata Arbore 2 ................................................................................................... 92

7.2.8

Raport pana roata dintata arbore 2 ........................................................................................ 92

1.

Calcule Preliminare

Toate calculele facute in MechSoft sunt facute pe gradul de expert.

2. Transmisi prin curele

2.1

Curele Trapezoidale

2.1.1 Formule de calcul

Pentru calculul si dimensionarea a curelelor trapezoidale am folosit programul MechSoft care se
bazeaza pe urmatoarele formule:

It calculates forces, moments and speeds from the specified input power, speed and transmission
efficiency.

2.1.2 Calcule
In fereastra Geometry (fig. 2.1.1) s-a introdus puterea, turatia, diametrele rotilor de curea,
numarul de curele, numarul de roti, coeficientul de alunecare al curelei. Pentru calcul s-au ales
curele inguste de tip SPZ.

Figura 2.1.1 Fereastra Geometry

In fereastra Strenght Calculation (fig. 2.1.2) se alege factorul de serviciu in functie de tipul
masinariei, tipul motorului si numarul de ore de functionare pe zi. Tot aici se poate observa ca
valoarea sarcinii admisibile Pall este apropiata sarcinii calculate Pv.
Din calculul de dimensionare rezulta lungimea standardizata a curelei de 1250 mm, dimensiunea
rotilor de curea si distant axiala. In figura 2.1.3 si 2.1.4 sunt prezentate dimensiunile rotilor de
curea, se urmareste ca diametrul rotii 2 sa fie apropiat de cel al rotii 2 din angrenaj. In figura 2.1.5
este prezentata distanta axiala.

Figura 2.1.2 Fereastra Strenght Calculation

10

Figura 2.1.3 Roata de curea 1

Figura 2.1.4 Roata de curea 2

11

Figura 2.1.5 Distanta axiala

In continuare este prezentat raportul generat de MechSoft.

12

2.1.3 Raport
-------------------------------------------------------12-05-2012 V-belts Component Wizard (Version 4.3.1040)
---------------------------------------------------------- Guide
Calculation Type - ISO
Length Calculation: Belt Length
Calculation Type: Strength Check
Load Calculation: Calculates the torque according to the power and speed
Belt Length: Standard
Belt Length: Pitch
--- Basic Parameters
Narrow V-belts,V-belts Component Wizard
Belt type SPZ
Belt Length Lp = 1250 mm
Number of Belts N = 2
Belt width w = 9.7 mm
Belt height h = 8 mm
--- Sheave Parameters
Sheave Width Bf = 28 mm
Calculated Belt Width Wp = 8.5 mm
Min. Groove Depth above Calculation Width bmin = 2 mm
Min. Groove Depth below Calculation Width hmin = 9 mm
Fillet Radius of Sheave Upper Edge r1 = 0.5 mm
Fillet Radius of Sheave Lower Edge r2 = 1 mm
Distance Between Groove Axes e = 120.3 mm
Distance Between Groove Axis and Sheave Face f = 8 +1 -1 mm
Groove surface texture Ra = 0.8 m
Sliding Sheave = 2
--- Sheave 1
Pitch Diameter dp1 = 105 mm
Outer diameter Da1 = 109 mm
Groove Angle alpha1 = 38
Speed n1 = 2250 rpm
Torque T1 = 23.4276 Nm
X Coordinate = 0 mm
Y Coordinate = 0 mm
Arc of Contact b1 = 157.54
Arc of Contact Coefficient Ca1 = 0.94
--- Sheave 2
Pitch Diameter dp2 = 240.24 mm
Outer diameter Da2 = 244.24 mm
13

Groove Angle alpha2 = 38

Transmission Ratio i = 2.288
Speed n2 = 983.3916 rpm
Torque T2 = 51.458 Nm
X Coordinate = 347.266 mm
Y Coordinate = 0 mm
Center Distance = 347.266 mm
Arc of Contact b2 = 202.46
Arc of Contact Coefficient Ca2 = 1.05
-------------------------------------------------Strength Check
-------------------------------------------------Power P = 5.52 kW
Efficiency h = 0.96
Belt Slip = 0 %
Service Factor Cp = 1.1
Belt Length Correction Coeff. Cl = 0.95
Number of Belts Coefficient Ck = 0.95
Tangential Force F = 446.24 N
Centrifugal Force Ff = 10.711 N
Force in Strained Belt Strand F1 = 554.295 N
Force in Loose Belt Strand F2 = 108.055 N
Min. Working Pre-tension Fu = 331.175 N
Radial Force in Bearings Fr = 655.457 N
Circumferential Velocity v = 12.37 m/s
Table Load Ptab = 3.983 kW
Allowable Load Pall = 6.789 kW
Calculated Load Pv = 6.072 kW
Strength Check - True

14

2.2

Curele Dintate
2.2.1

Formule de calcul

Pentru calculul si dimensionarea a curelelor dintate am folosit programul MechSoft care se bazeaza
pe urmatoarele formule:

15

16

17

2.2.2 Calcule
In fereastra Geometry (fig. 2.2.1) s-a introdus puterea, turatia, numarul de dinti ai rotilor de curea,
numarul de roti si randamentul. Pentru calcul s-au ales curele ISO 5296.

Figura 2.2.1 Fereastra Geometry

In fereastra Strength (fig. 2.2.3) se alege factorul de serviciu in functie de tipul masinariei, tipul
motorului si numarul de ore de functionare pe zi.
Din calculul de dimensionare rezulta numarul de dinti standardizat ai curelei 126, dimensiunea
rotilor de curea si distant axiala.

Figura 2.2.2 Roata de curea 1

18

Figura 2.2.3 Fereastra Strength

Dupa calculul de dimensionare se alege tipul de curea H 100 care o sarcina admisibila Fa de 620N
iar sarcina calculate Fc este de 607N.

19

Figura 2.2.4 Roata de curea 2

Figura 2.2.4 Distanta axiala

20

2.2.3 Raport
----------------------------------------------------------------12-05-2012 Synchronous Belt Component Wizard (Version 4.3.1031)
------------------------------------------------------------------- Guide
Calculation type: Select belt type - ISO
Length Calculation: Belt length
Load calculation: Calculates the torque according to the power and speed
Belt length: Standard
--- Base Parameters
Synchronous Belts,Synchronous Belt ISO 5296 Component Wizard
Standard Belt No. H 100
Number of Belt Teeth Lz = 126
Tooth pitch p = 12.7 mm
Belt Width b = 25.4 mm
Fillet radius inside belt rr = 1.02 mm
Fillet radius outside belt ra = 1.02 mm
Belt tooth height ht = 2.29 mm
Belt height hs = 4.3 mm
Tooth width s = 6.12 mm
--- Pulley Parameters
Number of Pulleys K = 2
Sliding Pulley = 2
Max. fillet radius of root r1 = 1.6 mm
Fillet radius of top r2 = 1.6 mm
Pulley tooth head width bg = 4.19 mm
Pulley tooth height hc = 3.05 mm
Tooth angle alpha = 40
Unflanged Pulley Width Bf = 31.2 mm
--- Pulley 1
Number of Teeth N 1 = 33
Speed n1 = 2250 rpm
Torque T1 = 23.4276 Nm
Pitch diameter dw = 133.4 mm
Outside diameter da = 132.028 mm
X Coordinate = 0 mm
Y Coordinate = 0 mm
--- Pulley 2
Number of Teeth N 2 = 75
Transmission Ratio i = 2.2727
Speed n2 = 990 rpm
Torque T2 = 51.115 Nm
21

Pitch diameter dw = 303.19 mm

Outside diameter da = 301.818 mm
X Coordinate = 449.18 mm
Y Coordinate = 0 mm
Center Distance = 449.18 mm
-------------------------------------------------Strength Check
-------------------------------------------------Power P = 5.52 kW
Efficiency h = 0.96
Service Factor Cp = 1.6
Ratio Factor Ki = 0
Length Correction Factor Cl = 1
Teeth in Mesh Factor Kz = 1
Pulley Tractive Force F = 351.229 N
Pulley Centrifugal Force Ff = 44.954 N
Total Tensile Force Ft = 396.183 N
Circumferential Velocity v = 15.716 m/s
Table Load Ftab = 620 N
Allowable Load Fa = 620 N
Calculated Load Fc = 606.92 N
Strength Check - True

22

3 Angrenaj Cilindric cu Dinti Inclinati

3.1

Formule de calcul

Pentru calculul si dimensionarea angrenajului cilindric am folosit programul MechSoft care se

bazeaza pe urmatoarele formule:

23

24

25

26

27

28

The strength calculation is also based on the fixed-end beam calculation and it contains many
factors for including the majority of effects.

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

3.2 Calcule
Pentru calculul angrenajului incepem prin selectarea modului de calcul (fig. 3.1) si introducerea
clasei de tolerante din fereastra Tolerances. (fig. 3.2)

Figura 3.1

Figura 3.2

Fereastra Guide

Distanta axiala
37

Puterea randamentul si turatia sunt introduse in fereastra Load (fig. 3.3)

Figura 3.3

Fereastra Load

In fereastra Strength (fig. 3.6) alegem materialul pentru rotile dintate, factorul de aplicatia KA si
durabilitatea angrenajului.
Materialul pentru pinion este de o durabilitate mai mica ca si materialul pentru roata condusa
deoarece dinti de pe pinion sunt solicitati mai frecvent.
Factorul de aplicatie este ales in functie de modul de transmisie a puterii.

Figura 3.4

Figura 3.5

Factorul de Aplicatie si Durabilitatea

Proprietatile materialelor alese pentru angrenaj

38

Figura 3.6

Fereastra Strength

Figura 3.7

Fereastra Geometry

39

In fereastra Geometry (fig. 3.7) s-a introdus: numarul de dinti ai rotilor, unghiul de inclinare a
dintilor, modulul, latimea rotilor si factorul de corectie a danturi. Dantura pinionului este inclinata
pe dreapta iar modulul si distant axiala sunt standardizate.
Dupa dimensionarea angrenajului in fereastra Dimensions (fig. 3.8) sunt afisate dimensiunile
rotilor dintate.

Figura 3.8

Fereastra Dimensions

40

3.3 Raport
------------------------------------------------------------12-06-2012 Spur Gearing Component Wizard (Version 4.3.1037)
--------------------------------------------------------------- Guide
External Gearing - ISO
Calculation of geometry: Calculates the center distance according to the module, number of teeth,
correction and helix direction
Distribution of Correction: With Comp. of Slips
Load calculation: Calculates the torque according to the power and speed
Strength calculation: Strength check calculation
--- Basic Parameters
Desired Gear Ratio = 5.0385
Pressure Angle alpha = 20
Addendum a* = 1 (= 2.5 mm)
Clearance c* = 0.25 (= 0.625 mm)
Root Fillet = 0.38 (= 0.95 mm)
Addendum of Basic Rack = 1.25 (= 3.125 mm)
Helix Angle beta = 11
Module m = 2.5 mm
Tangential Module mt = 2.5468 mm
Center Distance aw = 200.001 mm
Product Center Distance a = 199.923 mm
Total Unit Correction = 0.031
Operating Pressure Angle alphaw = 20.062
Tangential Pressure Angle alphat = 20.3439
Tan.Operating Pressure Angle alphatw = 20.4036
Base Helix Angle betab = 10.3291
Circular Pitch p = 7.854 mm
Tan. Circular Pitch pt = 8.001 mm
Base Circular Pitch ptb = 7.502 mm
Contact Ratio = 2.9946 (1.6341 + 1.3605)
Precision Specification 7
Limit Deviation of Helix Angle Fb = 0.02 mm
Limit Deviation of Axis Parallelity fx = 0.02 mm
Limit Deviation of Axis Parallelity fy = 0.01 mm
--- Gear 1
Number of Teeth = 26
Helix Direction = Right
Unit Correction = 0.29983 (= 0.75 mm)
Pitch Diameter d = 66.217 mm
Base Circle Diameter db = 62.086 mm
Outside Diameter do = 72.716 mm
41

Root Diameter df = 61.466 mm

Work Pitch Diameter dw = 66.242 mm
Tooth Thickness s = 4.473 mm
Outside Tooth Thickness = 0.6287 (= 1.572 mm)
Facewidth = 58 mm
Facewidth Ratio = 0.8457
Chordal Thickness T = 3.949 mm
Chordal Thickness Height ht = 2.531 mm
Chordal Dimension M = 27.304 mm / 4
Dimension Over (Between) Wires M = 70.617 mm
Wire Diameter dw = 3.5 mm
Comparative Number of Teeth zv = 27.3664
Limit Circumferential Run-out Fr = 0.03 mm
Limit Deviation of Axial Pitch fpt = 0.012 mm
Limit Deviation of Basic Pitch fpb = 0.011 mm
--- Gear 2
Number of Teeth = 131
Helix Direction = Left
Unit Correction = -0.26883 (= -0.672 mm)
Pitch Diameter d = 333.63 mm
Base Circle Diameter db = 312.819 mm
Outside Diameter do = 337.285 mm
Root Diameter df = 326.036 mm
Work Pitch Diameter dw = 333.759 mm
Tooth Thickness s = 3.438 mm
Outside Tooth Thickness = 0.8307 (= 2.077 mm)
Facewidth = 56 mm
Facewidth Ratio = 0.1679
Chordal Thickness T = 3.036 mm
Chordal Thickness Height ht = 1.275 mm
Chordal Dimension M = 118.771 mm / 16
Dimension Over (Between) Wires M = 335.164 mm
Wire Diameter dw = 3.5 mm
Comparative Number of Teeth zv = 137.8848
Limit Circumferential Run-out Fr = 0.052 mm
Limit Deviation of Axial Pitch fpt = 0.014 mm
Limit Deviation of Basic Pitch fpb = 0.013 mm
--- Load (Gear 1; Gear 2)
Power P = 5.273; 5.1675 kW
42

Efficiency = 0.98
Speed n = 983.378; 195.1743 rpm
Torque Mk = 51.2046; 252.8324 Nm
Tangential Force Ft = 1546.5782 N
Radial Force Fr = 575.2783 N
Axial Force Fa = 300.6243 N
Normal Force Fn = 1677.2998 N
Circumferential Velocity v = 3.4095 m/s
Resonance Speed nE1 = 13739.41 rpm
---------------------------------------------------Strength Check According to ISO 6336:1996
---------------------------------------------------Durability Lh = 25000 hour
--- Material Values
&Material designation: 37Cr4; 37MnSi5
Tensile Strength = 883; 880 MPa
Yield Point in Tensile = 637; 635 MPa
Contact Fatigue Limit SigmaHlim = 690; 658 MPa
Bending Fatigue Limit SigmaFlim = 512; 493 MPa
Hardness in Tooth Core = 200; 200 HV
Hardness in Tooth Side = 600; 600 HV
Base Number of Load Cycles in Contact [10^6] = 50; 50
Base Number of Load Cycles in Bending [10^6] = 3; 3
Whler Curve Exponent for Contact = 10; 10
Whler Curve Exponent for Bending = 6; 6
Modulus of Elasticity in Tension [10^3] = 206; 206 MPa
Poisson's Ratio = 0.3; 0.3
Type of Treatment = 0; 0
--- Factors for Contact
Application Factor KA = 1.25
Dynamic Factor KHv = 1.215
Face Load Factor KHb = 1.836
Transverse Load Factor KHa = 1.867
Total KH = 5.207
One-time Overloading Factor KAS = 1
Elasticity Factor Ze = 189.81
Zone Factor Zh = 2.453
Contact Ratio Factor Zeps = 0.782
Single Pair Tooth Contact Factor ZB = 1; 1
Life Factor Zn = 1; 1
Lubricant Factor Zl = 0.937
Roughness Factor Zr = 1
Velocity Factor Zv = 0.944
43

Helix Angle Factor Zb = 0.991

Size Factor Zx = 1; 1
Work Hardening Factor Zw = 1
--- Factors for Bending
Application Factor KA = 1.25
Dynamic Factor KFv = 1.215
Face Load Factor KFb = 1.712
Transverse Load Factor KFa = 1.867
Total KF = 4.856
One-time Overloading Factor KAS = 1
Form Factor YFa = 2.267; 2.218
Stress Correction Factor YSa = 1.622; 1.654
Teeth with Grinding Notches Factor YSag = 1; 1
Helix Angle Factor Yb = 0.908
Contact Ratio Factor Yeps = 0.694
Alternating Load Factor Ya = 1; 1
Production Technology Factor Yt = 1; 1
Life Factor Yn = 1; 1
Notch Sensitivity Factor Yd = 1.092; 1.09
Size Factor Yx = 1; 1
Tooth Root Surface Factor Yr = 1
--- Results
Factor of Safety from Pitting SH = 1.049; 1
Factor of Safety from Tooth Breakage SF = 4.656; 4.331
Static Safety in Contact SHst = 3.036; 3.026
Static Safety in Bending SFst = 10.657; 9.934
Strength Check True

44

4 Transmisie cu Lant
4.1 Formule de calcul

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

4.2 Calcule
In fereastra Geometry (fig. 4.1) introducem puterea, randamentul, numarul de scripeti, numarul
de lanturi, numarul de dinti ai rotilor de lant si turatia. Pentru calcul s-a ales lanturi standardizate
ISO. Numarul de zale s-a ales par deoarece acest tip de lant este mai rezistent.

Figura 4.1

Fereastra Geometry

Figura 4.2

Fereastra Strength
52

In fereastra Strength (fig. 4.2) este introdus factorul de utilizare, factorul de lubrefiere si
durabilitatea lantului.

Figura 4.3

Factor utilizare Y

Figura 4.4 Factor lubrefiere

In fereastra Resonance (fig 4.5) sunt prezentate turatiile limita pentru care lantul intra in
rezonanta, observam ca lantul sadisface conditiile de siguranta.

53

Figura 4.5 Fereastra Resonance

Figura 4.6 Fereastra Dimensions

54

Dupa dimensionarea transmisiei in fereastra Dimensions sunt ilustrate dimensiunile rotilor de lant
si in figura 4.7 este prezentata distant axiala.

Figura 4.6.1 Fereastra Dimensions 2

Figura 4.7 Distanta axiala

55

4.3 Raport
------------------------------------------------------------12-06-2012 Roller Chain Component Wizard (Version 4.3.1036)
--------------------------------------------------------------- Guide
Calculation type: Strength Check - ISO
Length Calculation: Number of chain links
Load calculation: Calculates the torque according to the power and speed
Number of chain links: Only even
--- Basic Parameters
Chains,Roller Chain Component Wizard
Standard Chain No. 24 B
Number of Chain Strands r = 2
Number of Chain Links X = 46
--- Sprockets Parameters
Number of Sprockets K = 2
Sliding Sprocket = 2
Chain Pitch p = 38.1 mm
Sprocket tooth width bf1 = 23.622 mm
Sprocket rim width bfx = 71.982 mm
Transverse pitch pt = 48.36 mm
Fillet radius of tooth rx = 38.1 mm
Width of Chamfer ba = 4.953 mm
Tooth roughness Ra = 6.3 m
--- Sprocket 1
Number of Teeth N 1 = 13
Speed n1 = 195.174 rpm
Torque T 1 = 250.311 Nm
Shaft Moment of Inertia I1 = 10 kgm2
Pitch diameter of sprocket d = 159.204 mm
Addendum diameter of sprocket da = 167.215 181.429 mm
Max. diameter of sprocket rim dgmax = 105.864 mm
Dedendum diameter of sprocket df = 133.804 mm
Caliper Diameter Dc = 132.643 mm
X Coordinate = 0 mm
Y Coordinate = 0 mm
Minimum form:
Radius of tooth space bottom ri = 12.827 mm
Radius of sprocket tooth side re = 45.72 mm
Sprocket angle alpha = 133
Maximum form:
Radius of tooth space bottom ri = 13.03 mm
Radius of sprocket tooth side re = 70.917 mm
56

Sprocket angle alpha = 113

--- Sprocket 2
Number of Teeth N 2 = 29
Gear Ratio i = 2.2308
Speed n2 = 87.4918 rpm
Torque T 2 = 541.635 Nm
Shaft Moment of Inertia I2 = 10 kgm2
Pitch diameter of sprocket d = 352.389 mm
Addendum diameter of sprocket da = 362.987 374.614 mm
Max. diameter of sprocket rim dgmax = 299.049 mm
Dedendum diameter of sprocket df = 326.989 mm
Caliper Diameter Dc = 326.473 mm
X Coordinate = 466.116 mm
Y Coordinate = 0 mm
Minimum form:
Radius of tooth space bottom ri = 12.827 mm
Radius of sprocket tooth side re = 94.488 mm
Sprocket angle alpha = 137
Maximum form:
Radius of tooth space bottom ri = 13.03 mm
Radius of sprocket tooth side re = 207.467 mm
Sprocket angle alpha = 117
-------------------------------------------------Strength Check
-------------------------------------------------Power P = 5.116 kW
Efficiency h = 0.97
Stroke Factor Y = 1.4
Lubrication Factor m = 0.3
Required Chain Life Lh = 25000 hour
Maximum Chain Elongation dL = 3 %
Diagram Power Pd = 49.678 kW
Sprocket Tractive Force F = 3175.349 N
Sprocket Centrifugal Force Ff = 36.861 N
Total Tensile Force Ft = 3212.21 N
Circumferential Velocity v = 1.6112 m/s
Static Safety Coeff. ks = 87.167 > 7
Dynamic Safety Coeff. kd = 62.262 > 6.7
Calculated Joint Pressure pc = 2.899 MPa
Allowable Joint Pressure pa = 4.035 MPa
Calculated Chain Life th = 102938 hour
Pins and Plates Life thl = 1.003E+12 hour
Rollers and Bushings Life thr = 168568 hour
Strength Check - True
57

--- Resonance Speed

for Transversal Vibration nt1 = 90.813 rpm
for Longitudinal Vibration nt2 = 4380.687 rpm
from Polygonal Effect nt3 = 216.942 rpm
from Circumferential Run-out nt4 = 2820.245 rpm
from Non-precise Pitch nt5 = 108.471 rpm

58

5 Arbori
5.1 Fortele rezultate din angrenare
Pentru dimensionarea arborilor este necesar cunoasterea sensului si directiei fortelor ce actioneaza
in angrenaj. In figura 5.1 sunt prezentate fortele ce actioneaza intr-un angrenaj cilindric cu dinti
inclinati, dantura pinionului fiind inclinata pe dreapta si acesta se roteste in sens orar.
Valoarea fortelor este preluata din MechSoft, prezentate in figura 3.3.

Figura 5.1 Distanta axiala

Pornind de la aceasta figura am prezentat fortele ce actioneaza asupra arborilor in figura 5.2.

Figura 5.2 Incarcarea arborilor

59

5.2 Dimensionarea constructiva a arborilor

Arborii sunt dimensionati constructive pornind de la capatul acestora si momentul de torsiune care
este transmis.
Pentru primul arbore s-a ales un diametru de 28mm iar pentru al doilea arbore unul de 42mm.
Momentul de torsiune in functie de care s-a facut selectia este corespunzator coloanei b. Momentul
pentru arborele 1 este de 51.2 Nm iar pentru arborele 2 este de 250 Nm, aceste moment sunt
calculate la pagina 4.

Figura 5.3 Selectarea capetelor de arbore

In functie de diametrul capatului de arbore se alege lungimea acestuia de serie scurta.

Figura 5.4 Selectarea lungimea capetelor de arbore

Dimensionarea constructive a arborilor este prezentata in figura 5.5.
60

Figura 5.5 Schita Arborilor

61

5.3 Calculul reactiunilor din lagare folosind MathCad

Pornind de la aceasta schita am calculate reactiunile in lagare folosind Mathcad.

62

63

5.4 Formule de calcul in MechSoft

Arbori sunt verificati folosind MechSoft care efectueaza calculele dupa urmatoarele formule.
This is the calculation of a beam with variable sections lying on M supports with N loaded places.
The number of supports is limited to 10 and number of loaded places to 20.

64

5.5 Arborele 1
In MechSoft arborele este construit pornind de la schita prezentata in figura 5.5.

Figura 5.6 Arborele 1

In urmatorul pas sunt introduse punctele de reazam si fortele ce actioneaza asupra arborelui.

Figura 5.7 Coordonatele reazamului 1

65

Figura 5.8 Coordonatele reazamului 2

Figura 5.9 Fortele ce solicita arborele 1

In stanga sunt introduse fortele ce actioneaza la capatul arborelui iar in dreapta fortele ce actioneaza
din angrenaj conform schitei din figura 5.2.

Figura 5.10 Reactiunile din lagare conform MechSoft

Se observa ca suma reactiunilor din reazeme sunt identice cu cele din MathCad calculate la pagina
62.
66

5.5.1 Rezultate calcul arbore 1

Figura 5.11 Forte taietoare

Figura 5.12 Momente de incovoiere

67

Figura 5.13 Unghi de rotatie

Figura 5.14 Sageata

68

Figura 5.15 Eforturi de incovoiere

Figura 5.16 Eforturi de forfecare

69

Figura 5.17 Eforturi de torsiune

Figura 5.18 Eforturi axiale

70

Figura 5.19 Suma eforturilor

Figura 5.20 Dimensiuni recomandate

71

5.6 Arborele 2
In MechSoft arborele este construit pornind de la schita prezentata mai sus.

Figura 5.21 Arborele 2

In urmatorul pas sunt introduse punctele de reazam si fortele ce actioneaza asupra arborelui.

Figura 5.22 Coordonatele reazamului 3

72

Figura 5.23 Coordonatele reazamului 4

Figura 5.24 Fortele ce solicita arborele 2

In stanga sunt introduse fortele ce actioneaza la capatul arborelui iar in dreapta fortele ce actioneaza
din angrenaj conform schitei din figura 5.2.

Figura 5.25 Reactiunile din lagare conform MechSoft

Se observa ca suma reactiunilor din reazeme sunt identice cu cele din MathCad calculate la pagina
62.
73

5.6.1 Rezultate calcul arbore 2

Figura 5.26 Forte taietoare

Figura 5.27 Momente de incovoiere

74

Figura 5.28 Unghi de rotatie

Figura 5.29 Sageata

75

5.30 Eforturi de incovoiere

Figura 5.31 Eforturi de forfecare

76

5.32 Eforturi de torsiune

Figura 5.33 Eforturi axiale

77

5.34 Suma eforturilor

Figura 5.35 Dimensiuni recomandate

78

6 Rulmenti
Pentru calculul rulmentilor s-a folosit MechSoft si deoarece cei doi rulmenti de pe arbore sunt
identici s-a dimensionat doar acela care este supus la sarcini mai mari. In cazul reversarii sensului
de rotatie se schimba doar sensul fortei tangential si axiale ceea ce nu influenteaza suma reactiunilor
din lagare.

6.1 Formule de calcul

Rulmenti sunt calculati in MechSoft cu urmatoarele formule:

79

80

6.2 Calcule rulment Arbore 1

Figura 6.1 Dimensionare rulment arbore 1

Pentru arborele unu am ales rulmenti cu role conice. Ca si sarcini am introdus ce-a mai mare forta
din reazem si forta axiala ce rezulta din angrenare. Temperatura de functionare este de 70 C si
durabilitatea necesara este de 25000 ore de functionare. Coeficientul fd este ales din figura 6.2.

81

Figura 6.2 Factor de utilizare

Figura 6.3 Rezultate rulment arbore 1

Conform rezultatelor rulmentul ce indeplineste conditiile de durabilitate este de tip 33208

82

6.3 Raport rulment arbore 1

---------------------------------------------------------------12-18-2012 Rolling Bearing Component Wizard (Version 4.3.1010)
------------------------------------------------------------------ Guide
Strength Calculation Type: Check Calculation

--- Input
Required Life Lh = 22000 hour
Coeffic. of Add'l Forces fd = 1.5
Working Temperature ft = 70 C
Required Reliability a1 = 90 %
Lubrication Type - Oil
--- Load Conditions
Number of Different Load Conditions Ni = 1
Radial Load Fr1 = 1808 N
Axial Load Fa1 = 300.6 N
Bearing Speed n1 = 983.378 rpm
Work Time t1 = 100 %
--- Bearing type
SKF (B),Tapered roller single row bearings SKF
Bearing designation: 33208
Inside Bearing Diameter d = 40 mm
Outside Bearing Diameter D = 80 mm
Bearing Width B = 32 mm
Radius of Bearing Fillet or Chamfer r = 1.5 mm
Min. Diameter of Shaft Shoulder damin = 47 mm
Max. Diameter of Hub Shoulder Damax = 73 mm
Max. Fillet Radius of Shoulder ramax = 1 mm
Bearing Mass m = 0.77 kg
Dynamic loading capacity of bearing = 23605 N
Static loading capacity of bearing = 29674.77 N
Limiting speed for lubrication by grease [rpm] = 4300
Limiting speed for lubrication by oil [rpm] = 5600
--- Results
Equivalent Dynamic Load P = 2712 N
Equivalent Static Load P0 = 1808 N
Static Safety Coefficcient s0 = 16.41
Power Loss by Friction Pz = 10.05 W
Necessary Minimum Load Fmin = 472.1 N
Calculated Bearing Life Lh = 22988.2 hour
Coeffic. of Over-revolving kn = 5.69
83

6.4 Calcul rulment arbore 2

Figura 6.4 Dimensionare rulment arbore 2

Pentru arborele doi am ales rulmenti cu role conice. Ca si sarcini am introdus ce-a mai mare forta
din reazem si forta axiala ce rezulta din angrenare. Temperatura de functionare este de 70 C si
durabilitatea necesara este de 25000 ore de functionare. Coeficientul fd este ales din figura 6.2
identic cu cel folosit la dimensionarea rulmentului de pe arborele unu.

84

Figura 6.5 Rezultate rulment arbore 2

Conform rezultatelor rulmentul ce indeplineste conditiile de durabilitate este de tip 32312

85

6.5 Raport rulment arbore 2

---------------------------------------------------------------12-18-2012 Rolling Bearing Component Wizard (Version 4.3.1010)
------------------------------------------------------------------ Guide
Strength Calculation Type: Check Calculation

--- Input
Required Life Lh = 25000 hour
Coeffic. of Add'l Forces fd = 1.5
Working Temperature ft = 70 C
Required Reliability a1 = 90 %
Lubrication Type - Oil
--- Load Conditions
Number of Different Load Conditions Ni = 1
Radial Load Fr1 = 5647 N
Axial Load Fa1 = 300.6 N
Bearing Speed n1 = 195.174 rpm
Work Time t1 = 100 %
--- Bearing type
SKF (B),Tapered roller single row bearings SKF
Bearing designation: 32312
Inside Bearing Diameter d = 60 mm
Outside Bearing Diameter D = 130 mm
Bearing Width B = 46 mm
Radius of Bearing Fillet or Chamfer r = 3 mm
Min. Diameter of Shaft Shoulder damin = 74 mm
Max. Diameter of Hub Shoulder Damax = 118 mm
Max. Fillet Radius of Shoulder ramax = 2 mm
Bearing Mass m = 2.85 kg
Dynamic loading capacity of bearing = 51481 N
Static loading capacity of bearing = 65194.58 N
Limiting speed for lubrication by grease [rpm] = 2600
Limiting speed for lubrication by oil [rpm] = 3600
--- Results
Equivalent Dynamic Load P = 8470.5 N
Equivalent Static Load P0 = 5647 N
Static Safety Coefficcient s0 = 11.54
Power Loss by Friction Pz = 9.35 W
Necessary Minimum Load Fmin = 1029.62 N
Calculated Bearing Life Lh = 34985.89 hour
Coeffic. of Over-revolving kn = 18.45
86

7 Pene
7.1 Formule de calcul
Penele sunt dimensionate in MechSoft folosind urmatoarele formule.

87

7.2 Calcule
7.2.1 Pana Capat Arbore 1

Figura 7.1 Dimensionare pana capat arbore 1

Ca date de intrare sunt introduse: puterea, turatia arborelui, diametrul tronsonului pe care se afla
canalul de pana si lungimea acestuia. Materialul ales pentru toate tipurile de pene este otel de o
rezistenta de rupere la tractiune minima de 590 MPa conform STAS.

7.2.2 Raport pana capat arbore 1

-------------------------------------------------------12-13-2012 Key Component Wizard : 1 (Version 4.3.1120)
-------------------------------------------------------Loads:
Power P = 5.273 kW
Speed n = 983.378 rpm
Torque T = 51.205 Nm
Dimensions:
Shaft Diameter d = 28.00 mm
Key 8x7
Key Length L = 32 mm
Active Key Length Lf = 24 mm
Keyway Length = 32 mm
Joint Properties:
Material = Steel
Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
88

Tensile Strength = 600 MPa

Reduced Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Keys [No.] = 1
Reduction Coefficients of Joint Capacity Due to :
- Product. Inaccur. on More Key Joints = 1
- Mounting Type and Character of Load = 1
Calculation Results:
Min. Active Key Length = 6.967 mm
Calculated pressure = 43.542 MPa
Strength Check - True

7.2.3 Pana Roata Dintata Arbore 1

Figura 7.2 Dimensionare pana roata dintata arbore 1

Observam ca diametrul arborelui si dimensiunea penei sunt afisate cu rosu, asta se intampla
deoarece pana de dimensiuni mici nu este recomandata pentru un diametru asa de mare al
tronsonului. Aceasta nu este o problema deoarece pana rezista la solicitare.

7.2.4 Raport pana roata dintata arbore 1

-------------------------------------------------------12-13-2012 Key Component Wizard : 1 (Version 4.3.1120)
-------------------------------------------------------Loads:
Power P = 5.273 kW
Speed n = 983.378 rpm
Torque T = 51.205 Nm
Dimensions:
89

Shaft Diameter d = 42.00 mm

Key 8x7
Key Length L = 45 mm
Active Key Length Lf = 37 mm
Keyway Length = 47 mm
Joint Properties:
Material = Steel
Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Tensile Strength = 600 MPa
Reduced Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Keys [No.] = 1
Reduction Coefficients of Joint Capacity Due to :
- Product. Inaccur. on More Key Joints = 1
- Mounting Type and Character of Load = 1
Calculation Results:
Min. Active Key Length = 4.644 mm
Calculated pressure = 18.829 MPa
Strength Check - True

7.2.5 Pana Capat Arbore 2

Figura 7.3 Dimensionare pana capat arbore 2

90

7.2.6 Raport pana capat arbore 2

-------------------------------------------------------12-13-2012 Key Component Wizard : 1 (Version 4.3.1120)
-------------------------------------------------------Loads:
Power P = 5.116 kW
Speed n = 195.174 rpm
Torque T = 250.311 Nm
Dimensions:
Shaft Diameter d = 42.00 mm
Key 12x8
Key Length L = 70 mm
Active Key Length Lf = 58 mm
Keyway Length = 72 mm
Joint Properties:
Material = Steel
Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Tensile Strength = 600 MPa
Reduced Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Keys [No.] = 1
Reduction Coefficients of Joint Capacity Due to :
- Product. Inaccur. on More Key Joints = 1
- Mounting Type and Character of Load = 1
Calculation Results:
Min. Active Key Length = 19.866 mm
Calculated pressure = 51.377 MPa
Strength Check - True

91

7.2.7 Pana Roata Dintata Arbore 2

Figura 7.4 Dimensionare pana roata dintata arbore 2

Aici problema este similara cu ce-a de la arborele 1.

7.2.8 Raport pana roata dintata arbore 2

-------------------------------------------------------12-13-2012 Key Component Wizard : 1 (Version 4.3.1120)
-------------------------------------------------------Loads:
Power P = 5.116 kW
Speed n = 195.174 rpm
Torque T = 250.311 Nm
Dimensions:
Shaft Diameter d = 65.00 mm
Key 12x8
Key Length L = 45 mm
Active Key Length Lf = 33 mm
Keyway Length = 45 mm
Joint Properties:
Material = Steel
Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Tensile Strength = 600 MPa
Reduced Allowable Pressure = 150 MPa
Keys [No.] = 1
Reduction Coefficients of Joint Capacity Due to :
92

- Product. Inaccur. on More Key Joints = 1

- Mounting Type and Character of Load = 1
Calculation Results:
Min. Active Key Length = 12.836 mm
Calculated pressure = 58.348 MPa
Strength Check - True

93