Hệ Thống Thu Phí Ấn Chỉ Mã Vạch Một Dừng

n Tt Nghip
GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TRONG H THNG THU PH N CH M

VCH MT DNG.
1.1. t vn .
Hin nay trn h thng quc l nc ta c 59 trm thu ph cc loi (tnh
ti thi im thng 2/2011). Trong 42 trm do cc Khu Qun l ng B
trc thuc cc ng b Vit Nam qun l; 6 trm do Cc y quyn cho cc S
GTVT/GTCC qun l, 2 trm do UBND tnh qun l v 9 trm do cc doanh
nghip BOT qun l. Trong s c 14 trm t ng ha cc khu thu ph
v kim sot nh (3 trm trn QL5, 3 trm trn QL1, trm cu M Thun, trm
C May, trm trn QL13, 3 trm trn QL10, trm Xa L H Ni, trm cu Cn
Th).
Mt thc trng hin nay l thit b ti cc trm thu ph mi ni mt
kiu, khng c tiu chun chung v thit b v cng ngh dn n qui trnh thu
khc nhau gy phc tp cho cng tc qun l v khng thun tin cho phng
tin qua li, hn na mt s khng ph hp vi ch ti chnh ca Vit Nam
nn buc cc n v s dng phi vn dng nhng bin php vn hnh khc vi
thit k ban u dn n hu qu l hiu qu u t thp, kh kim sot c s
thu thc t, khng hn ch c s nhn cng v tim n nhiu pht sinh tiu
cc.
V vy vic xc nh, la chn cc thit b cng ngh ph hp vi iu
kin kinh t Vit Nam nhm lm c s cho vic xy dng qui trnh thu ph thun
tin, an ton v hiu qu cn phi c tin hnh ngay. Cn c vo trin khai
vic thng nht v ng b ha thit b cng ngh cng nh qui trnh thu trn
ton b mng li trm thu ph quc l, c bit l tuyn ng quan trng v
tuyn ng i ngoi, gip cho thu ph Vit Nam vn minh v hin i.
Ngoi ra cn to iu kin a cc ng dng cng ngh mi vo thc t hin i
ha cng tc thu ph, cho php p dng phng thc thu hin i, thun tin cho
ngi s dng, bo m an ton giao thng, h tr qun l tt tin thu ph,
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chng tht thu v gim nhn lc.

1.2. Cc phng php gii quyt vn .
Trong thc t c nhiu phng php gii quyt vn thit k h thng
iu khin trm thu ph.
Phng php s dng PLC iu khin trm thu ph.
Phng php s dng vi x l.
Phng php dng vi iu khin.
1.3. La chn phng php gii quyt vn .
Trong phm vi Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti th thit k trm thu
ph cc kha trc rt t sinh vin cp ti.
1.3.1. Dng vi x l.
Phng php ny ngi ta t dng v c mt s nhc im sau: lm vic
mi trng cng nghip phi sch s v m bo nhit th cc linh kin, cc
phn t trn mch t h hng.
1.3.2. Dng vi iu khin.
Phng php ny cng t s dng v khng ph hp vi iu kin khc
nghit ca mi trng.
1.3.3. Dng PLC v my tnh.
y l mt phng php c ng dng trong thc t v phng php
ny c nhiu u im:
Lp trnh n gin, d thay i sa cha.
Gn nh.
Lm vic c trong mi trng cng nghip (phc tp nhit ,
bi bn, lm vic n nh nhng gi thnh ca PLC cn kh cao).
S dng cc phn mm hc nh Wincc, Visual Basic
Vi mc ch l tm hiu v m rng kin thc hc, nhm thc hin
ti Thit k trm thu ph n ch m vch mt dng thng qua phn mm
PLC gim st bng Visual Basic 6.0.
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1.4. Tng quan h thng thu ph mt dng.

p ng nhu cu thc tin trn em xin gii thiu h thng thu ph giao
thng ng dng cng ngh m vch p ng c yu cu cc nghip v thu ph
hin nay cng nh tun th cc quy nh thu ph ng b ca B Ti Chnh.
* H thng thu ph ca nhm em bao gm:
- Qun l in, pht hnh v s dng v thu ph ng b hon ton
theo qui inh ca B Ti Chnh.
- Kim sot v cp nht s liu ph hp vi qui nh v thu ph giao
thng hin nay ca B Ti Chnh.
- Gim st din tin ln bng h thng camera quan st.
- Loi b trng hp tiu cc bng h thng hu kim.
- Phng pht s dng l dng PLC iu khin trm thu ph.
1.4.1. Qu trnh lun chuyn v.
S tng qut.
Ve t cuc thue
Nhap kho
Kho ve
Xuat kho
Ve thang, quy ang

ch ban
Ve lt ang ch ban
Ban ve
Ban ve
Ve thang a ban
(kem thong tin khach
hang)
Ve lt a ban (ang
ch qua tram)
Qua tram
Het han s dung
Ve a s dung (kem
anh chup khi qua tram)
Het han lu tr
Ket thuc
S 1.1: Qu trnh lun chuyn v
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1.4.2. In v.
- V c in t cc thu.
- Cc cng on in nh sau.
Giay
- In ve bang may
in Off-set
- ong so Seri
Ve cha co ma
vach
- In ve bang may in
Laser
- Cat va ong
cuon
Ve hoan chnh
S 1.2: Qu trnh in v
1.4.3. Qun l v.
B phn k ton chuyn lm nhim v nhp v, bn v v qun l kho v,
bo co doanh thu.
Cng vic bn v gm 2 phn.
Bn v thng, qu do b phn k ton m nhn.
Bn v lt : do cc t bn v lt m nhn.
1.4.4. Sot v.
y l h thng kim tra v thng, v lt, v qu khi xe qua ln.
1.4.5. Gim st v hu kim.
B phn gim st, hu kim chuyn theo di v gim st qu trnh sot
v trong thc t v trong chng trnh, ng thi b phn ny cng chuyn ph
trch vn k thut ca trm.
1.4.6. iu hnh ca lnh o.
Cc lnh o trm cng tham gia theo di, qun l v x l cc cng vic
chung ca trm nh theo di s liu tn kho, bo co, sa thng tin trn bng k,
thay i m vch trn cc v ca khch hng.
1.5. nh ngha v phn loi trm thu ph.
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1.5.1. nh ngha trm thu ph.

Trm thu ph l mt thit b chuyn dng thu cc ph ng b
nhm phc v cho vic sa cha cu, ng b, chi ph tr tin cng cho nhn
vin, phc v cho xy dng v sa bo dng trm thu ph.
1.5.2. Phn loi trm thu ph.
Thu ph th cng.
Thu ph bn t ng.
Thu ph in t (t ng).
M hnh kt hp gia bn t ng v t ng.
1.5.3. Cu to trm thu ph.
Ca bin thu ph.
My tnh thu ph.
Mn hnh thu ph.
Loa my tnh.
Bn phm thu ph.
T iu khin ln.
Bn iu khin th cng.
u c m vch.
Barrier t ng.
Vng t.
Barrier th cng.
Camera ln xe.
Camera nhn dng.
Bng bo in t.
Ci bo ng.
n tn hiu giao thng.
n u o.
n trng thi ln.
B lu in (UPS).
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CHNG 2: H THNG THIT B THU PH 1 DNG.

2.1. Tng quan h thng thit b thu ph.
S tng qut h thng thu ph.
H thng thit b
ln xe.
H thng thit b
gim st.
H thng thit b
phng iu hnh.
H thng thit b
Phng bn v, k
ton
H thng thit b
ph tr
S 2.1: Tng quan h thng thu ph.
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2.2. H thng thit b ln xe.

S thit b ln xe.
S 2.2: H thng thit b ln xe.

2.2.1. Cabin thu ph.
Chc nng: Cabin thu ph l ni lm vic
ca nhn vin sot v ti ln. Ti c lp t
cc thit b quan trng ca ln xe bao gm: T
iu khin ln, my tnh ln, mn hnh sot v,
u c m vch, bn iu khin th cng, ci
bo ng
Cu to: Cabin thu ph c lm bng vt
liu composite, c kh nng chu tt mi trng
khc nghit v rt rt tin dng sa cha v v
sinh, pha trc lm bng knh 2 lp dy 10mm
m bo kh nng chng chu va p v khng
gy thng tch cho nhn vin thu ph nu c tai
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Hnh 2.1: Ca bin

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nn xy ra.
Hai bn hng l 2 ca s la c b tr thun tin cho vic sot v ca nhn
vin, ca lm bng knh 2 lp m bo an ton cho nhn vin sot v.
Cabin c n, qut v my iu ha phc v tt trong nhiu iu kin
thi tit khc nhau.
Trong cabin c mt bn b tr my tnh v gh ngi cho nhn vin sot v.
2.2.2. My tnh thu ph.
Chc nng: My tnh sot v l thit b tip
nhn thng tin sot v, x l thng tin v, iu
khin cc thit b trong h thng nh n tn hiu
giao thng, barrier, bng quang bo. ng thi
thc hin nhim v nhn thng tin t my ch d
liu, x l thng tin v gi thng tin v cho my
ch d liu, my chp hnh v my chng tn
hiu.
Lp t: My tnh sot v c lp t bn
trong t iu khin.
Hnh 2.2: My tnh thu ph.
V mi trng hot ng ti ln xe l cc k khc nghit v i hi phi

hot ng lin tc 24/24 nn cc my tnh s dng l loi my tnh cng nghip,
c kh nng hot ng tt trong nhng iu kin nng m cao v tnh n nh
lu di.
Quy trnh bo dng gm cc bc sau:
Cp nht phn mm virus mi nht.
Dn dp rc ca h iu hnh Windows XP: S dng chng trnh
Disk Cleaner ca Windows XP.
Ti u ha vic lu tr trn a cng: S dng chng trnh Disk
Defragmenter ca Windows XP.
V sinh bn trong my tnh: Tho v, ht bi v lau chi bn trong
my nhm ngn chn bi bm vo cc khe cm card, hoc cm RJ45, cng
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serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni (thit b giao dch thu ph m vch, PLC).

V sinh cc thit b: Bn phm iu khin c, mn hnh thu ph,
thit b giao dch thu ph.
Kim tra cu hnh, kh nng hot ng ca phn mm sot v v
m bo cu hnh ph hp.
Kim tra chng trnh sot v thng qua cc thng bo trng thi
ca chng trnh. iu khin (ng/m ln) m bo my tnh iu khin
c tt c cc thit b khc trn ln thu ph.
Chu k thc hin: 2 thng/ln.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st hoc ngi c am hiu v phn cng my
tnh.
2.2.3. Mn hnh thu ph.
Chc nng: Mn hnh thu ph l thit
b hin th thng tin sot v cho nhn vin
bn sot v ti ln quan st v x l. V iu
kin hot ng ti cc trm thu ph l rt
khc nghit v c nhiu nh sng nn i hi
mn hnh sot v phi c tng phn cao.
Lp t: Mn hnh thu ph c lp
t trn bn ca cabin thu ph. tn dng
tt khng gian lm vic ti cabin sot v th
mn hnh sot v thng s dng l loi mn
Hnh 2.3 Mn hnh thu ph
hnh LCD c kch thc nh gn tit kim khng gian lm vic.

Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc bc nh sau:
V sinh, ht bi thit b.
Kim tra cc jack cm vn cn tip xc vi thit b tt.
Kim tra trn mn hnh quan st, tn hiu cc camera vn cn
y .
Kim tra v m bo cc thng s ca thit b cn ng.
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Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st.
2.2.4. Loa my tnh.
Chc nng: Loa my tnh c dng
thng bo cho nhn vin sot v bit c
tnh trng qua ln cng nh cnh bo nhn
vin bit. Loa thng thng bo khi s
dng v 2 ln hoc nhng trng hp v ht
hn hoc cha n hn s dng v trng hp
vo ca ra ca khng hp l.
Lp t: Loa c lp t trn bn ca
Hnh 2.4: Loa
cabin thu ph. Loa c kt ni vi my

tnh thng qua jack cm.
2.2.5. T iu khin ln.
Chc nng: T iu khin ln l
thit b trung tm ca h thng thit b ln
xe. T iu khin ln nhn lnh t my
tnh hoc t bn iu khin c ri thc
hin vic iu khin ng m barrier; n
tn hiu giao thng; n tnh trng ln xe.
Hnh 2.5: T iu khin
ln
cha my tnh ln, UPS l ni cp ngun cho cc thit b ln xe. Tt c cc thit
ng thi t iu khin ln l ni
b ln xe u c u ni vo t iu khin.
T iu khin c thit k rng thong v c 2 qut m bo
thng thong cng nh kh nng chng bi bn. T iu khin ln l ni lu tr
an ton cho my tnh thu ph v UPS chng li iu kin khc nghit ngoi
ln xe.
Lp t: T iu khin ln c lp t ngay pha di bn lm vic ca
cabin thu ph.
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Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc bc sau:

ng barrier c ln thu ph, tm ngng hot ng bn v sot v.
M ca t bng cha kha bo v.
ng cu dao tng ca t in, m bo ton b thit b c tt
ngun.
Ht bi, v sinh bn trong t in.
Sp xp li ton b cc dy cp bn trong gn gang.
Kim tra v m bo ton b cc dy ngun c cm cht vo cc
cm.
Kim tra v m bo ton b cc dy tn hiu c y v cm
ng v tr ca n.
Kim tra v m bo cc cu dao cn hot ng tt v c c nh
cht vo panel ca t in.
Kim tra v m bo UPS trong t in khng cn hot
ng.
ng tt c cc cu dao trong t in, m bo cc thit b c
ngun in cung cp.
Kim tra hat ng ca tng thit b: Barrier, bng quang bo,
n tn hiu giao thng cc loi, camera quan st, my tnh thu ph v thit
b giao dch thu ph (thit b m vch).
Kim tra hoat ng ca ton b h thng.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, hoc chuyn gia lp t h thng.
2.2.6. Bn iu khin th cng.
Chc nng: Bn iu khin th cng l thit b c thit k nhm mc
ch vn hnh ln khi h thng my tnh gp s c. Bn iu khin c thit k
n gin vi 2 nt m (1 nt m 1 xe v 1 nt m on xe) v 1 nt ng.
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Trn mt trc ca bn iu
khin cn c b led hin th thng tin
s xe qua ln.
Vic s dng bn iu khin th cng
cc k n gin. Khi c 1 xe i qua ch
cn bm nt 1 xe sau khi xe i qua
barrier t ng ng li. cn khi ta
nhn nt on xe th khi on xe i qua
ta nhn nt ng th barrier ng li.
Hnh 2.6: Bn iu khin th cng
Ngoi ra bn iu khin cn c 1 kha v mt cng tc ln. Khi kha v

tr kha th ta khng thao tc c 3 nt ni trn. Cn cng tc ln dng xt
tnh trng ln xe.
Lp t: Bn iu khin c b tr trn bn lm vic ca cabin thu ph,
c kt ni vi t iu khin ln xe thng qua
cp chuyn dng.
2.2.7. u c m vch.
Chc nng: Thit b giao dch thu ph
chnh l thit b c m vch l thit b dng
gii m thng tin m vch trn v, th u tin.
Kt qu ca qu trnh gii m thng tin m
Hnh 2.7: u c m
vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln xe thc hin cng vic

kim tra tnh hp l ca v.
Thit b giao dch thu ph c mt lp knh bo v thit b pht cc tia qut
m vch. trong sut ca lp knh ny c nh hng trc tip n hiu qu
gii m thng tin. Nu trong sut t yu cu (trong sut, khng b try
xc), thit b s hot ng tt, n nh. Nu ngc li, thit b c th s khng
c, c chm. Do , vic v sinh thng xuyn mt knh bo v l vic rt
quan trng v cn thit. Cn m bo mt knh khng b try xc, bi bn
thit b c th hot ng hiu qu. Khong cch u c m vch v v tt nht
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t 5 n 15 cm.
Lp t: u c m vch c b tr trn bn lm vic ca cabin thu ph,
v tr thun tin nht cho nhn vin sot v thao tc.
Quy trnh bo dng thit b bao gm cc bc nh sau:
Dng khn mm m (c thm nc) lau chi mt knh u c.
Kim tra jack cm ngun, m bo adaptor cn hot ng tt v
cc u ni vng chc.
Kim tra dy truyn tn hiu ca thit b c v.
Lm v sinh jack cm ngun, tn hiu (ht bi).
Chu k thc hin vic bo tr: 2 thng/ln.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin bn v thng, nhn vin k thut hoc nhn vin
gim st.
2.2.8. Barrier t ng.
Chc nng: Barrier t ng l thit b rt quan trng, vic i li xe qua
trm thu ph phi thng qua thit b ny. Barrier s t ng ng li khi xe qua
khi vng t barrier trong trng hp m mt xe. Cn trong trng hp m
nhiu xe barrier s ng xung khi ta ra lnh ng. Barrier c iu khin bng
my tnh thng qua bn phm hoc u c m vch v bng bn iu khin th
cng.
ng c ca Barrier l loi ng c servo c iu khin t t iu
khin ln thng qua b iu khin c tch hp sn.
Barrier t ng c thit k hot ng lin tc 24/24 bt k mi thi
tit. Thanh chn barrier c lm t hp kim nhm m bo c bn khi va
p ng thi khp ni ca thanh chn barrier vi thanh ca n c thit k c
kh nng t bung ra khi c va p mnh gim thiu ti a kh nng gy hi
cng nh gy barrier.
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Hinh 2.8: Barrier

Lp t: Barrier c lp t pha cui ca o phn ln, sau n tn hiu
giao thng v camera quan st ln xe.
V sinh thng (housing) barrier t ng v thanh boom (thanh
chn) to thm m khu vc ln xe.
M np barrier, tin hnh ht bi bn trong housing.
Kim tra v m bo cc mi ni trn MLC vi ng c, cc mi
ni vi vng t pht hin xe l vng chc.
Tra du bi trn vo cc khp ni c ca barrier.
Kim tra v cn chnh cc l xo, m bo thanh boom ca barrier t
ng vung gc vi mt tiu o khi m v song song vi mt tiu o khi
ng.
Thc hin ng/m barrier t 5 10 ln m bo barrier hot
ng tt, ng np housing v kha cn thn.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, nhn vin k thut in.
2.2.9. Barrier th cng.
Chc nng: Barrier th cng l thit b ng m bng tay. Thit b ny ch
s dng khi ng m cho ln hot ng hay khng. Barrier th cng c thit
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k chc chn vi mng tr b tng. Trn mi barrier th cng u c bin bo

cm 102 c sn phn quang cnh bo. Vic ng m barier th cng cn
phi hp vi vic ng m ln v n cnh bo tnh trng ln cnh bo t xa
cho li xe c bit khng i vo ln ang ng.
Lp t: Barrier th cng c lp t pha trc cabin ngay pha vo ca
ln xe.
2.2.10. Cm bin vng t.
Chc nng: Cm bin vng vng t l
thit b d tm vng t cm ng t ng dng
pht hin xe c gii v cc vt th bng
kim loi hot ng theo nguyn l bin
thin t trng. Vng t c lm t dy in
qun nhiu vng (kch thc v s vng theo
tiu chun) vng t c kt ni vi b d
vng t xc nh xe vo vng t. Loi dy
Hnh 2.9: Loop detector
dng lm vng t l loi dy n mm nhiu si tit din 1.5 mm2 .

Vng t c cu to nh hnh sau:
Hnh 2.10: Vng t trn mt xe chy

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Lp t: Vng t c lp t trn mt ng ln xe chy, vic b tr

vng t ph thuc vo chc nng ca vng t. Nu vng t dng phc v cho
vic nhn dng bin s xe c lp t ngay ti pha trc cabin, vng t cnh
bo lp t sau cabin, cn vng t cho barrier t ngay st v tr barrier.
2.2.11. Camera ln xe.
Chc nng: Camera ln xe l thit
b dng quan st nhng hot ng
din ra ti ln ng thi ghi nhn li
nhng ln sot v thng qua hnh nh
c chp li thng qua card chp hnh
c gn ti my tnh ln hoc my tnh
chp hnh.
Camera ln lun km theo ng
Hnh 2.11: Camera ln xe
knh iu chnh tiu c v v che ngoi tri camera hot ng lin tc

trong nhng iu kin khc nghit ti ln.
Lp t: Camera c gn vo ct cao khong 2m thun tin cho vic
quan st.
V sinh housing camera, c bit l mt knh ca housing.
Tho housing camera, thc hin bo tr.
Ht bi bn trong housing, m bo khng cn bi m.
Kim tra, cn chnh ng knh camera.
Kim tra, cn chnh v tr camera.
Kim tra, cn chnh b si nhit bn trong housing, m bo b
si cn hot ng tt.
Kim tra cc u ni vi thit b chng st, m bo cc u ni
vn cn tip xc tt.
ng housing khi m bo camera hot ng tt, v tr v gc nhn
ca camera.
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Chu k thc hin: 1 nm/ln.

Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, k thut.
2.2.12. Camera nhn dng.
Chc nng: Camera nhn dng l
thit b c dng vi mc ch lm tng
hiu qu ca vic nhn dng bin s.
Hnh nh camera nhn dng ghi li l
hnh nh trng en, tc ghi hnh l rt
cao nn hnh nh ghi li khng b nhe
vic ny nng cao tnh hiu qu trong
vic nhn dng bin s xe.
Hnh 2.12: Camera nhn dng
Lp t: Camera hng ngoi c thit k chc chn v gn ln mt tr

vi tm cao sao cho m bo cho vic ghi nhn hnh nh tt nht.
2.2.13. Bng bo in t.
Chc nng: Bng quang bo
hin th thng tin mnh gi v, ngy
ht hn v tr tin trc, cc thng
ip cho hi khch hng.
Bng quang bo c kt ni vi
Hnh 2.13: Bng bo in t
my tnh ln xe thng qua cng serial RS 232 (ch truyn d liu 1 chiu t my
tnh ln xe n bng quang bo). H thng thit b ln xe vn hot ng bnh
thng ngay c khi bng khng cn hot ng. Tuy nhin, nu bng khng hot
ng s lm nh hng n hot ng gim st ti trm.
Lp t: bng bo in t c lp t chung ct vi camera ton cnh v
chiu cao b tr sao cho ph hp vi tm nhn ca nhiu li xe.
Quy trnh bo dng bng gm cc bc nh sau:
Ht bi, v sinh v bng (housing) v mt trc ca bng.
Tho ca sau ca housing tin hnh bo dng.
Ht bi, v sinh bn trong housing ca bng.
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Kim tra, m bo ngun cung cp ca bng cn hot ng tt.

Kim tra, m bo cc bo mch bn trong c c nh vo
housing.
Kim tra, m bo cc loi cp tn hiu cn tip xc tt vi cc bo
mch.
Bt ngun kim tra, m bo bng hot ng tt v my tnh ln
xe c th gi thng tin n bng tt.
ng ca mt sau housing.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st, k thut.
2.2.14. Ci bo ng.
Chc nng: Ci bo ng l thit b gip cnh
bo nhng trng hp xe c tnh vt trm m khng
mua v. Khi xe vo ti vng t cnh bo m vn cha
mua v th ci s h ln.
Ci bo ng c kt ni trc tip vi t iu khin
Hnh 2.14: Ci
ln.
Lp t: Ci bo ng c lp t ti nc ca cabin thu ph.

2.2.15. n tn hiu giao thng.
Chc nng: n tn hiu giao thng l thit b cnh bo
cho li xe bit c trng thi hp l hay khng hp l qua ln.
Tn hiu n giao thng thng cng lc vi trng thi ca
barrier. Khi barrier m n tn hiu mu xanh. Khi barrier ng
n tn hiu mu .
Lp t: n c thit k lp t ngoi tri,
kh nng chng chu vi ma gi l rt cao.
Hnh 2.15: n tn
hiu giao thng
Ht bi, v sinh v (housing) ca n tn hiu giao thng.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 18
n Tt Nghip
M np v n THGT (mt sau ca tr n) thc hin vic bo

tr.
Ht bi, v sinh bn trong housing.
Kim tra, m bo cc mi ni trn domino ca n THGT cn tip
xc tt.
Kim tra c d vt trong domino hay khng. Nu c phi
nhanh chng ly ra.
Kim tra cc mi ni c b chm nhau hay khng. Nu c phi tin
hnh tch ri cc mi ni b chm nhau v qun bng keo in m bo
khng xy ra s c chm in gy h hng thit b.
ng np tr n.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim & hu kim, k thut.
2.2.16. n u o.
Chc nng: n u o l thit b cnh bo t xa
cho ti x bit khng m vo u o phn ln xe.
n u o mu vng chp tt lin tc tng s ch
ca li xe. n c thit k cho vic lp t ngoi
tri kh nng chng chu vi ma gi l rt cao.
Lp t: n u o c lp t u o
Hnh 2.16: n u o
phn ln.
2.2.17. n tn hiu trng thi ln.
Chc nng: n u o l thit
b cnh bo t xa cho ti x bit tnh
trng ln xe ang ng hay m .
Khi ln ang hot ng th n xanh s
sng, cn khi ln ng li th n
sng ln. n c thit k cho vic lp
t ngoi tri kh nng chng chu vi ma
SVTH: L c Tin
Hnh 2.17: n ln
Trang 19
n Tt Nghip
gi l rt cao.
Lp t: n tnh trng ln c lp t ph trc ca mi cng trm.
2.2.18. B lu in UPS.
Chc nng: Thit b UPS ln xe c lp t bn trong t iu khin
ln xe l thit b cung cp ngun in cho h thng thit b ln xe trong thi
gian in li b mt. H thng thit b ln xe gm: My tnh thu ph, thit b
giao dch thu ph, plc n tn hiu giao thng, bng quang bo, barrier t ng
v camera quan st ln xe.
Lp t: UPS c lp t trong t iu khin ln xe.
Thit b UPS ln xe c lp t bn trong t iu khin ln xe l thit b cung
cp ngun in cho h thng thit b ln xe trong thi gian in li b mt. H
thng thit b ln xe gm: My tnh thu ph, thit b giao dch thu ph, PLC, n
tn hiu giao thng, bng quang bo, barrier t ng, camera quan st ln xe.
Vic bo dng thit b UPS c thc hin cng thi im bo dng t iu
khin ln xe.
2.3. H thng thit b gim st.
H thng thit b gim st bao gm:
Camera ton cnh.
Camera phng iu hnh v phng k ton.
My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s xe.
My tnh gim st hu kim.
u ghi hnh k thut s.
Mn hnh gim st.
B ghp knh.
B chng tn hiu.
Bn iu khin camera ton cnh.
2.3.1. Camera ton cnh.
Chc nng: Camera ton cnh l thit b gip cho vic quan st ton b
hot ng ca trm c thun tin hn. N c kh nng iu chnh c gc
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 20
n Tt Nghip
nhn v tm quan st nn ta c th xem hot ng ca tt c cc ln hoc ti mt

ln hay mt s c no xy ra trong phm vi cng trm m camera c th quan
st c. Camera ton cnh c thit k vi v che c kh nng chng chu
c nhng iu kin khc nghit ca thin nhin.
Camera ton cnh thng c s dng kt hp vi bn iu khin camera.
Hoc iu khin thng qua phn mm nu camera c kt ni vi u ghi hnh
k thut s.
Lp t: Camera ton cnh c lp v tr cao thch hp cho vic quan
st ton cnh cng trm v nht l v tr c th quan st c hng xe ra.
2.3.2. Camera phng iu hnh v k ton.
Chc nng: Camera phng iu hnh l
loi dome camera c bt st trn ca phng
iu hnh v k ton. N c lp t vi mc
ch theo di mi hot ng ca nhn vin trm
cng nh ghi li nhng s c bt thng xy ra
trong phm vi ca phng .
Lp t: Camera phng iu hnh thng
Hnh 2.18: Camera
c lp ti mt v tr c nh c kch thc nh gn gim bt s ch ca mi

ngi.
2.3.3. My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s xe.
Chc nng: My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s nhm mc ch
xut d liu sot v chng ln trn
hnh nh video ca xe qua ln phc
v cng tc qun l gim st c tt
hn ng thi nhn dng bin s xe.
My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng
bin s thng s dng l loi my tnh
cng nghip m bo tnh n nh
ca h thng hot ng 24/24.
SVTH: L c Tin
Hnh 2.19: My tnh chng d

liu
Trang 21
n Tt Nghip
Lp t: My tnh chng d liu v nhn dng bin s c lp t trong

t rack m bo hot ng n nh v trnh bi bn.
2.3.4. My tnh gim st hu kim.
Chc nng: My tnh gim st
hu kim dng gim st trc tip
nhng lt xe qua ti ln chm li
nhn vin cng nh theo di doanh s
trc tuyn ti ln, ng thi c th xem
nhng trng hp sot v ca cc lt
sot trc kim tra tnh hp l.
Thng qua chng trnh phnmm c
tch hp trong u ghi c th sao lu d
Hnh 2.20: My tnh gim st
liu hnh nh t u ghi thng qua my tnh gim st hu kim.

Lp t: My tnh gim st hu kim c lp t ti phng iu hnh.
Quy trnh bo trnh gm cc bc sau:
Qut virus my tnh.
serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni.
V sinh cc thit b ngoi vi: Chut, bn phm, mn hnh my tnh,
u c m vch.
Chu k thc hin: 1 ln/thng.
tnh.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 22
n Tt Nghip
2.3.5. u c k thut s.
Chc nng: u ghi hnh k thut
s l thit b lu tr d liu hnh nh
video ca cc camera ln xe v hnh nh
c chng tn hiu cng nh hnh
nh ca cc camera ton cnh v
camera phng iu hnh, k ton.
Hnh 2.21: u ghi hnh

Thi gian lu tr hnh nh ty thuc vo nhiu yu t:
- Dung lng b nh.
- Cht lng hnh nh.
- S lng hnh nh trong 1 giy.
- Ty theo nhu cu m ta iu chnh cc thng s sao cho ph hp nht.
Vic xem li hnh nh lu tr trong u ghi c th xem thng qua mng my

tnh hoc trc tip t u ghi.
u ghi c th kt ni trc tip ti cc camera ton cnh thng qua
chun RS 485 hoc RS 422 iu khin cc camera ny thng qua
phn mm.
Lp t: u ghi hnh k thut s c lp t ti t RACK m bo
tnh bo mt ca thng tin cng nh kh nng hot ng n nh ca thit b.
2.3.6. Mn hnh gim st.
Chc nng: Mn hnh gim st l thit b
phc v cho cng tc gim st ca trm.
Mn hnh hin th hnh nh v thng tin xe
qua ln (mnh gi, s xe).
Mn hnh ly tn hiu trc tip t u ghi.
Lp t: Mn hnh quan st c th
Hnh 2.22: Mn hnh

lp t ti bn lm vic ca phng gim st hoc treogia
tng sao cho vic quan
st c d dng nht.
2.3.7. B ghp knh.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 23
n Tt Nghip
Chc nng: B ghp knh l thit b

chuyn dng dng ghp tn hiu ca 4, 8,
9 hoc 16 knh tn hiu xut ra 1 knh tn
hiu. Ta c th iu chnh c tn hiu xut
ra ca b ghp knh thng qua cc nt iu
khin tn hiu xut ra c th l 1 knh hoc
Hnh 2.23: B ghp knh
nhiu knh ty theo nhu cu ca mnh.Thit b c thit k vi kch thc ph

hp vi vic lp t vo trong t RACK chuyn dng.
Lp t: B ghp knh c lp t trong t RACK m bo an
ton cng nh tnh n nh ca thit b.
2.3.8. B chng tn hiu.
Chc nng: B chng tn hiu l thit b c chc nng chng d liu sot
v ln trn hnh nh video ca cc camera
ln ghi li. Tn hiu ca d liu sot v l tn
hiu VGA c xut ra t cng my tnh
cn tnhiu video l tn hiu c xut ra b
ghp knh.
Ty theo nhu cu m ta c th xut tn
hiu ra ca b chng tn hiu l tn hiu VGA,
Video hay tn hiu c chng (overlay).
Hnh 2.24: B chng tn hiu
Lp t: B chng tn hiu c lp t ti t RACK ca phng iu hnh

m bo tnh an ton v hot ng n nh ca thit b.
2.3.9. Bn iu khin camera ton cnh.
Chc nng: Bn iu khin camera
ton cnh l thit b dng iu khin
vic quay qut v vic nhn xa gn ca
camera ton cnh.
Bn iu khin c ni vi camera ton
Hnh:2.25:Bn k camera
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 24
n Tt Nghip
cnh thng qua cp tn hiu RS 485 nn c th iu khin c cc camera

khong cch xa (ln ti 1 Km). Bn iu khin c b tr ti bn lm vic ca
nhn vin gim st tin theo di mi hot ng xy ra ti cng trm.
Lp t: bn iu khin camera ton cnh c b tr ti bn lm vic ca
nhn vin gim st thun tin cho cng vic gim st hnh nh trc tuyn.
2.4. Thit b phng iu hnh.
Thit b phng iu hnh bao gm:
My ch d liu.
B chuyn i mn hnh bn phm chut.
My in phc v cng tc bo co.
u c m vch.
UPS.
T RACK.
2.4.1. My ch d liu.
Chc nng: My ch d liu l
thit b quan trng nht ca mi h
thng, l con tim kt ni mi hot ng
ca c h thng. My ch d liu l ni
cha mi d liu, thng tin sot v hng
Hnh 2.26: My ch d liu
ngy v d liu hu kim. d liu cha bao gm c d liu hnh nh v thng tin
di dng c s d liu.
My ch d liu cung cp a ch IP cho tt c cc my con kt ni vo h
thng. Tt c cc chng trnh thu ph ti ln v nh iu hnh mun hot ng
c th phi kt ni vi my ch d liu.
My ch d liu c thit k cho vic hot ng lin tc 24/24.
Lp t: My ch d liu l mt thit b rt quan trng nn cn c bo
mt an ton nn c lp t ti t RACK c kha va m bo c iu kin
lm vic tt (tn nhit nhanh; t bi bn).
Quy trnh bo tr gm cc bc sau:
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 25
n Tt Nghip

Qut virus my tnh.
Dn dp rc ca h iu hnh Windows Server: S dng chng
trnh Disk Cleaner ca Windows Server.
Defragmenter ca Windows Server.
Kim tra h thng c thng bo li hay khng v ln k hoch khc
phc nu c: S dng cng c Event viewer kim tra.
Tt my, chuyn sang sot v ni b (cc my tnh ln xe hot
ng c lp).
Tho g v my tnh. Ht bi v lau chi bn trong my.
Kim tra, m bo jack mng, chut, bn phm, monitor hot ng
tt.
M my, kim tra v m tt c cc dch v v phn mm ang
hat ng tt: Dch v cp a ch IP t ng (DHCP), h qun tr c s d liu
MS-SQL Server (c bit kim tra cc job t bo tr, sao lu (backup) d liu
ca MS-SQL Server) .
Ngi thc hin: Chuyn vin mng (c trnh tng ng vi chng ch
MSCE), chuyn gia lp t h thng .
2.4.2. B chuyn i mn hnh, bn phm v chut.
Chc nng: B chuyn i mn hnh
bn phm chut l thit b gip kt ni nhiu
my tnh vi nhau cng s dng chung mt
mn hnh bn phm v chut.
Khi mun iu khin thit b no ta ch
cn nhn vo nt tng ng vi v tr ca
my tnh c lp vo thit b ny.
SVTH: L c Tin
Hnh 2.27: B chuyn i

Trang 26
n Tt Nghip
Lp t: Thit b ny c thit k dng Rack mount lp t trong t

RACK ngay pha di mn hnh thu ph thun tin cho vic la chn my
tnh iu khin, cc my tnh c lp t vo thit b ny thng qua cp chuyn
dng (cp KVM).
2.4.3. My in phc v cng tc bo co.
Chc nng: My in ny c kt ni
vi my tnh hu kim dng in cc bo co gim st v hu kim vo mi
cui ca. My in ny c th dng chung
cho nhiu my.
Lp t: My in c b tr lp
t ngay ti bn lm vic ca nhn vin
hu kim v kt ni trc tip vi my
tnh hu kim thng qua cng USB hay LPT.
Hnh 2.28: My in
Quy trnh bo tr bao gm cc bc sau:

Tho np my in, ly bng mc ra khi my in.
Ht bi, lau chi bn trong my in.
Kim tra ruybng cn nhiu hay khng c k hoch thay th.
Kim tra cc b phn truyn ng bng bnh rng c b r st hay
khng. Nu c phi tin hnh ty ra vt r st. Sau tra du bi trn vo cp
khp ni kim loi, bnh rng truyn ng.
Tho jack cm d liu ui my in v my tnh. Lm v sinh u
jack cm.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin gim st hay ngi c am hiu v phn cng my
tnh.
2.4.4. u c m vch.
Chc nng: Thit b giao dch thu ph chnh l thit b c m vch, l
thit b dng gii m thng tin m vch trn v, th u tin. Kt qu ca qu
trnh gii m thng tin m vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 27
n Tt Nghip
xe thc hin cng vic kim tra tnh hp l ca v.

Thit b giao dch thu ph c mt lp knh bo
v thit b pht cc tia qut m vch.
trong sut ca lp knh ny c nh hng
trc tip n hiu qu gii m thng tin. Nu
trong sut t yu cu (trong sut, khng
b try xc), thit b s hot ng tt, n
nh. Nu ngc li, thit b c th s khng
c, c chm. Do , vic v sinh thng
xuyn mt knh bo v l vic rt quan trng
Hnh 2.29: Barcode
v cn thit. Cn m bo mt knh khng b try xc, bi bn thit b c th

hot ng hiu qu.
Khong cch u c m vch v v tt nht t 5 n 15 cm.
Lp t: c lp t ti bn lm vic ca nhn vin gim st v hu
kim.
2.4.5. B lu in UPS.
Chc nng: UPS nh iu hnh l
thit b tch tr v cung cp in cho ton b
thit b thu ph nh iu hnh.
UPS c chc nng lu in chng li
vic gin on do cp in t ngt v m
bo c dng in cung cp cho cc thit
b lun lun n nh.
Thi gian lu tr din ca thit b ny ph
thuc vo 2 yu t chnh.
- Cng sut ca thit b.
Hnh 2.30: UPS
- Ti tiu th:
Khi ti tiu th ln th s mau ht in, thng thng thit b lu in khong
15~30 pht ty theo cng sut tiu th. Do tng thi gian lu in khi mt
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 28
n Tt Nghip
in th phi tt bt mt s thit b khng cn thit khi mt in gim ti cho

b lu in.
Lp t: UPS c b tr trong phng iu hnh gn t in tng v bn
cnh t RACK.
2.4.6. T rack.
Chc nng: T Rack l ni cha cc
thit b quan trng cho h thng thu ph bao
gm: My ch d liu, u ghi hnh k thut
s, b ghp knh, my tnh chng d liu v
nhn dng, b chuyn i mn hnh bn phm
v chut, b chng hnh v b chuyn i
mng.
T rack c cu to thng thong tn nhit
ng thi gim thiu bi bn bay vo cc
thit b.
T rack c ca knh hoc ca t ong gip
cho vic quan st cc thit b bn trong c
r rng hn.
Hnh 2.31: T rack
Lp t: T rack phi lun t ni kh thong trnh m t m bo

cho cc thit b thu ph hot ng n nh lu di.
T rack thng t gc phng iu hnh thun tin cho vic b tr dy cp
in v tn hiu sao cho thm m nht.
V tnh quan trng ca cc thit b trong t rack nn cc thit b ny lun lun
c kha li, ch nhng ngi c thm quyn hoc chuyn gia my tnh mi c
quyn m t rack ra lm vic.
2.5. Thit b phng k ton bn v.
H thng thit b phng bn v bao gm cc thit b:
- My tnh bn v v k ton.
- u c m vch.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 29
n Tt Nghip
- My in bo co.
- My in kim (in thng tin ln v thng, qu).
- Bng hin thi thng tin bn v.
- Camera quan st phng bn v.
u c MV
My in laser
My tnh KT BV
My in kim
Bng hin th
S 2.3: Thit b phng k ton

2.5.1. My tnh bn v v k ton.
Chc nng: My tnh k ton v
bn v c s dng thc hin cc
cng vic ca k ton bao gm:
Nhp v vo kho.
Xut v cho tng nhn
vin.
Bn v thng, qu.
Lp bn k.
Tnh tn kho.
Hnh 2.32: My tnh bn v
Xem v in cc bo co bn v.
My tnh k ton bn v c kt ni vi u c m vch thc hin cng
tc nhp v v xut v mt cch thun tin hn, ng thi ng nhp vo
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 30
n Tt Nghip
chng trnh v lp bng k cho tng nhn vin thng qua m vch ca nhn
vin.
My tnh bn v thng cn c kt ni vi my in kim v bng hin
th thng tin bn v, nhm thng bo cho khch hng n mua bit
mnh gi, s xe ca ngi mua.
Ngoi ra my tnh bn v v k ton cn c kt ni vi my in laser
phc v cho cng tc bo co s liu.
Lp t: My tnh k ton bn v c lp t bn k ton v bn v
trong phng lm vic ca nhn vin k ton bn v thng, qu.
Quy trnh bo tr gm cc bc sau:
Qut virus my tnh.
serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni.
V sinh cc thit b ngoi vi: Chut, bn phm, mn hnh my tnh,
u c m vch.
tnh.
2.5.2. u c m vch.
Chc nng: Thit b giao dch thu ph chnh l thit b c m vch, l
thit b dng gii m thng tin m vch trn v, th u tin. Kt qu ca qu
trnh gii m thng tin m vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln
xe thc hin cng vic kim tra tnh hp l ca v.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 31
n Tt Nghip
Thit b giao dch thu ph c mt lp knh bo v thit b pht cc tia qut m

vch. trong sut ca lp knh ny c nh hng trc tip n hiu qu gii
m thng tin. Nu trong sut t yu cu (trong sut, khng b try xc),
thit b s hot ng tt, n nh. Nu ngc li, thit b c th s khng c,
c chm. Do , vic v sinh thng xuyn mt knh bo v l vic rt quan
trng v cn thit. Cn m bo mt knh khng b try xc, bi bn thit b
c th hot ng hiu qu.
Khong cch u c m vch v v tt nht t 5 n 15 cm.
Lp t: c lp t ti bn lm vic ca nhn vin gim st v hu
kim.
2.5.3. My in bo co.
Chc nng: My in kim l thit b
chuyn dng in thng tin ln v thng
v qu. Nhng thng tin in ln v thng
qu bao gm:
- Bin s xe, ti trng.
- Ngy bt u v ngy kt thc
ca hiu lc v.
Hnh 2.33: My in
- H tn ch xe.
My in kim c kt ni trc tip vi my tnh bn v thng qua cng LPT
hoc USB.
Vic iu chnh v tr in ca v thng qu c th thao tc thng qua cc nt xt
v tr c mt trn ca my.
Quy trnh bo tr bao gm cc bc sau:
Tho np my in, ruybng mc ra khi my in.
Ht bi, lau chi bn trong my in.
Kim tra ruybng cn nhiu hay khng c k hoch thay th.
Kim tra cc b phn truyn ng bng bnh rng c b r
st hay khng. Nu c phi tin hnh ty ra vt r st. Sau tra du
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 32
n Tt Nghip
bi trn vo cp khp ni kim loi, bnh rng truyn ng.

Tho jack cm d liu ui my in v my tnh. Lm v sinh u
jack cm.
2.5.4. Bng hin th thng bo bn v.
Chc nng: thng bo thng tin bn
v cho khch hng bit v thng tin mua v.
V tr: c lp t bn giao dch
bn v thng trong phng k ton.
Kt ni: Kt ni vi my tnh thng
qua cng USP hoc RS 232.
Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc
bc sau:
Tho cc jack cm di y
Hnh 2.34: Bng hin th
thit b.
Lm v sinh cc jack cm (ht bi, lau bi).
Lm v sinh mt bng: Dng khn mm m (thm nc) lau chi
thit b.
Kim tra ngun: im tra b ngun (adaptor) ca thit b, m bo
hot ng tt (khng nng, khng b bin dng).
Kim tra kt ni vi my tnh: Chy chng trnh bn v thng,
m bo d liu bn v thng hin th ln mn hnh ca thit b.
Ngi thc hin: Nhn vin bn v thng.
2.5.5. Camera phng k ton.
Chc nng: Quan st hot ng ti phng k ton.
Lp t: Camera c lp t ti v tr sao cho quan st c ton b hot
ng ti phng k ton.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 33
n Tt Nghip
2.6. H thng ph tr.

H thng thit b ph tr nhm
phc v cho vic kt ni hot ng ca
cc thit b cng nh bo v thit b
chng li tc ng ca thin nhin.
H thng thit b ph tr bao gm:
- Thit b mng;
- Thit b lin lc ni b;
Hnh 2.35:in thoi
- Thit b chng st trc tip v lan truyn;

- Thit b cung cp ngun in.
2.6.1. Thit b mng.
Mc ch: Thit b mng l thit b kt ni cc my tnh, n c v nh
dy thn kinh truyn ti cc tn hiu t cc my tnh con v my ch v ngc
li.
Thit b mng thng bao gm cc thit b chnh nh sau:
- B chuyn i mng my tnh
- B chuyn i quang in.
B chuyn i mng my tnh: Hay cn gi l
switch mng l thit b kt ni vi nhiu my tnh
qua cng mng LAN. B chuyn i thng 8, 16,
24 hay 48 cng. Ty vo nhu cu m ta c th chn
s lng cng kt ni sao cho ph hp.
Hnh 2.36: Switch

Lp t: B chuyn i mng c lp t ti t Rack phng iu hnh.
B chuyn i quang in: L thit b chuyn i tn hiuquang sang in
(hay chuyn i tn hiu t ng truyn cp quang sang ng truyn dy

mng qua cng RJ 45). Khi cn truyn tn hiu i vi khon cch xa v m bo
t suy hao tn hiu ngi ta dng cp quan v b chuyn i quang in.
Lp t: Thit b ny cng c lp t ti t Rack phng iu hnh.
SVTH: L c Tin
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n Tt Nghip
2.6.2. Thit b lin lc ni b.

Thit b lin lc ni b bao gm: 1 tng i lin lc ni b v cc my con
c kt ni vi tng i. Ty theo nhu cu ca s lng my con m ta la
chn loi tng i no cho ph hp.
Tng i lin lc ni b:
Chc nng: Kt ni v cung cp ngun hot ng cho tt c cc my con
c kt ni vo n. C th kt ni ni b hoc kt ni vi ng dy ngoi.
Lp t: Tng i lin lc ni b thng c b tr ti phng iu hnh.
Chc nng: My nhnh dng lin lc ni b gia cc my c kt ni
vi nhau. Khi cn gi n my no ta ch cn nhn ng a ch ca my .
Lp t: My nhnh c lp t ti cc phng lm vic v ti bn
lm vic ca cabin sot v.
2.6.3. Thit b chng st v lan truyn.
m bo h thng thit b thu ph hot
ng n nh th i hi cc thit b phi c
bo v chng li nhng tc ng ca thin nhin
t bit l st nh. Vic st nh c th tc ng
trc tip vo thit b hoc gin tip nh vo
ng dy in li cung cp cho trm. Do vy
tt c cc trm thu ph iu phi lp t h thng
chng st trc tip v lan truyn.
H thng chng st trc tip:
Hnh 2.37: Thit b chng st
Chc nng: H thng chng st trc tip c nhim v thu st mi khi c

st nh trong phm vi ca trm. Thit b thu st l thit b thu st phng in
sm, pht ra cc tia tin o nh hng tia st nh vo kim thu st m
khng lm nh hng n cc thit b, bn knh bo v ca kim thu st l rt ln
khong t 90~100m c th bao ph ton b thit b thu ph trong khu vc trm.
Kim thu st c ni vi h thng tip t thng qua dy cp ng. H thng
tip t c in tr <10 Omh m bo c kh nng thot st. Nu in tr
SVTH: L c Tin
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n Tt Nghip
t cha nh hn 10 Ohm th thi cng phi tng cng thm in tr R<10

Ohm (theo tiu chun TCVN 4756).
Lp t: Kim thu st c lp trn ct st cao, tm cao so vi mt t.
H thng chng st lan truyn:
Chc nng: H thng chng st lan truyn c nhim v bo v st lan
truyn trn ng ngun v ng tn hiu.
Lp t: Thit b chng st trn ng ngun c lp t ti v tr trc
khi vo in li vo ti tiu th.
Thit b chng st trn ng camera c lp t trc khi u ni vo camera
v u cui ti phng iu hnh trc khi gn vo b ghp knh. Thit b chng
st trn ng mng thng c gn u cui trc khi gn vo my tnh v
b chuyn i mng my tnh.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 36
n Tt Nghip
CHNG 3: GII PHP THU PH V CNG NGH S DNG M

VCH.
3.1. Tng quan v t vn s dng cng ngh.
Hin nay trn th gii s dng nhiu cng ngh thu ph giao thng.
H thng cc cng ngh.
S dng cng ngh RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) l h
thng nhn dng qua sng Radio. Cng ngh ny c u im: chnh xc cao,
gim phin toi do n tc giao thng qua cc trm thu ph do phi mua v sot
v. Bn cnh tn ti mt s nhc im: Gi thnh cn qu cao, h thng
cha trang b ng u cc xe, h thng cng ngh thng tin cha mnh.
Cng ngh s dng OBU (On Broad Unit) s dung OBU gn trn
xe v angten thu sng gn trm. Cng ngh ny c chnh xc cao, gim n
tc giao thng, nhng gi thnh cao.
Cng ngh dng m vch cng ngh ny s dng rng ri cc
trm thu ph ti Vit Nam. Cng ngh ny c u im chnh xc cao, gi
thnh r, d s dng... Nhc im: h thng ny x l cn chm
So snh nhng cng ngh trn nn nhm em s dng cng ngh n ch
m vch 1 dng nghin cu trong ti.
3.2. Thut ton m ha d liu m vch trn v thu ph giao thng.
3.2.1. Gii thiu m vch (barcode).
Trn th gii cng ngh m vch p dng hn 20 nm qua v khng
ngng pht trin, tuy nhin Vit Nam cng ngh ny tng i mi m.
i vi Vit Nam vic p dng m vch l cp thit vi cc l do:
Nhu cu xut khu i cc nc.
Nhu cu trong nc.
Cc li th khi s dng m vch.
Nng sut v hiu qu cao.
chnh xc rt cao.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 37
n Tt Nghip
Thng tin cho lnh o kp thi, ng lc ra cc quyt inh

hp l v ng thi im.
Phc v khach hang nhanh chng khng nhm ln.
Kh nng p dng m vch Vit Nam.
Do yu cu th trng ngy cng pht trin trong nc v quan h gia
cc nc trn th gii ngy cng m rng cho nn n lc chng ta khng th
khong p dng cng ngh m vch Vit Nam.
Vic p dng m vch Vit Nam ch yu phc v cho cc i tng
sau:
Cc sn phm hang ha trong nc v xut khu.
Giao thng, dch v, y t.
Cc ngnh qun l nhn s, an ninh, chm cng
Hot ng ca EAN-VN (European Article Numbering- Vit Nam)
Hng dn cp m s vt phm.
Xy dng v ban hnh b TCVN v m vch phm cho Vit Nam.
o to v chun b nhng d n p dng cng ngh m vch sn
xut kinh doanh v cc dich vu khc.
Tham gia cc hot ng ca EAN quc t.
T chc m s vch phm Quc T.
H thng tiu chun EAN.
Tiu chun phn nh hng ha.
Tiu chun m b sung thng tin cc d liu ly khng th ly t
may tnh hoc truyn qua EDI cc m vch tiu chun cho php ly t ng.
M s v m vch.
M s: L mt dy cc con s dng phn nh sn phm, p
dng trong qu trnh lun chuyn sn phm t ngi sn xut n bun bn, lu
kho, ngi tiu dng.
M vch: L loi m s biu trng bng hnh ch nht cha cc
SVTH: L c Tin
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n Tt Nghip
vch thng lin tip c dy v dn cch khc nhau (m vch mt chiu) hoc
cha cc t hp thng ng v t on c dy xp lin tip to thnh mng
ln xn (m vch hai chiu).
3.2.2. u c barrier quang hc.
Cu to c bn:
Mt my qut barcode quang hc c bn v y gm 3 thnh phn:
B phn qut barcode: Pht ra 1 chm tia sng vo k hiu m vch
ly thng tin. Ty theo cng ngh ch to m ngi ta chia lm 2 loi

barcode scanner:
Loi CCD Scanner: Gm 1 dy n LED b tr sao cho cc tia sng
pht ra to thnh 1 vt sng thng theo chiu ngang ct ngang qua b mt ca k
hiu m vch. nh sng phn x thu c bi "trng CCD" (CCD Scanner
lense) (hnh bn cnh).
Hnh 3.1: Barcode Scanner

Loi Laser Scanner: Gm 1 mt c ta nh mt c ca u a
hnh, pht ra tia laser , sau ngi ta dng knh phn x to thnh vt
sng ct ngang qua b mt ca m vch. Loi laser scanner khng cn dng
trng thu nh sng.
B phn truyn tn hiu: Pht ra cc xung in tng trng cho cc
vch v cc khong trng thu c t b phn qut. Thng b phn qut v b

phn truyn c tch hp trn cng 1 board mch.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 39
n Tt Nghip
B phn gii m (Decoder): Nhn tn hiu xung in t b phn
truyn v gii m theo dng thc ca loi barcode c lp trnh sn trong b

nh. Nu gii m thnh cng, 1 ting ku "bp" s pht ra v tn hiu c gii
m s xut hin trn mn hnh ca phn mm ang s dng.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Cc my qut barcode bn ra 1 chm tia sng, thng l mu . Nu n
ri vo 1 vng sng, th 1 con s zero s c c. Cn nu n ri vo 1 vng
ti, th my s nhn dng l con s 1. Nh vy, vic qut barcode s pht ra 1
chui gm nhng con s zero v 1. Chui ny s tng trng cho cc k t hoc
k s c m ho v c truyn vo b gii m. B gii m c th l phn
cng (b phn gii m) c Firmware, hoc cng c th l phn mm c ci
vo my tnh. Khi chui zero v 1 a vo b gii m c nhn dng l 1 loi
barcode no , th n s c bin dch thnh m s ban u v 1 ting "bp"
s bo hiu. Cn bng ngc li th my s khng bo hiu g c v khng c
m s no c hin th v tn hiu thu c khng nm trong cc loi barcode
c lp trnh sn trong Firmware ca phn cng hoc trong Sowftware ca
phn mm.
c im ca scanner quang hc l cc vch cng cao th gc qut cng ln
v kh nng c m vch cng cao. Vch cng thp th chm tia sng p vo n
cng t (tc gc qut cng thp) v kh nng c m vch cng thp.
Nh vy, trong nguyn l hot ng ca my qut barcode quang hc, ta
thy rng khi 1 my qut barcode cn tt (tc b phn pht tia sng cn tt)
khng c c 1 loi barcode no th iu ny c ngha l my vn c
c tn hiu, nhng khng gii m c v chui (0, 1) thu c khng nm
trong bt k loi barcode no c sn trong Firmware ca my
3.2.3 M t m vch trn v.
Ni dung trong m vch gm 15 k t nh sau:
1
SVTH: L c Tin
10
11
12
13
14
15
Trang 40
n Tt Nghip
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10 X11 X12
- Hai k t u tin l k hiu ca l v, c gi tr t A -> Z. VD: AA,

AB
- K t th 3 l k t c gi tr c nh /. Trong mi m vch k t th
3 lun c gi tr l /.
- Hai k t 4 v 5 i din cho nm pht hnh m vch c gi tr t 0 -> 9.
VD: v pht hnh nm 2004 th X4 = 0, X5 = 4.
- Hai k t 6 v 7 c gi tr c nh ln lt l -T. Trong mi m vch
k t th 6 lun c gi tr l - v k t th 7 c gi tr l T.
- Hai k t 8 v 9 i din cho loi v, k t 8 c cc gi tr 1:V lt,
2:V thng, 3:V qu. K t 9 c gi tr t 1 -> 6 i din cho 6 mc thu ph giao
thng.
- Cc k t cui cng 10 -> 15 l dy s serial ca m vch c gi tr t 0
-> 9, s serial u tin l 000001.
Ta s tin hnh m ha trn cc k t s, cn nhng k t cn li s c gi
nguyn khng tham gia vo qu trnh m ha. Nh vy cc k t 4, 5 v 8 -> 15
s b m ha.
Cc bc m ha:
Bc 1: Tch cc k t s v k t ch
Bc 2: Ghp cc k t s li thnh 1 dy lin tc theo 1 th t sau:
10
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10 X11 X12
Bc 3: Chuyn dy gm 10 ch s ny t h thp phn sang h 36 (TamThp-Lc-Phn). Kt qu thu c gm 1 dy 6 k t dng c s 36.
1
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 41
n Tt Nghip
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Bc 4: ghp 2 k t X1 v X2 vo u dy va c m ha ta thu c
dy 8 k t c m ha t dy 15 k t ban u.
1
X1
X2
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
H c s 36 c xy dng trn b 26 k t in hoa t A -> Z v 10 k t

s t 0 -> 9, sp xp chng theo 1 th t bt k nhng phi nht nh.
Sau y l mt s b k t cho cc trm thu ph.
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
Hoc U,C,H,5,S,A,D,T,7,I,9,Y,L,G,M,W,Z,N,8,E,2,F,O,B,6,P,3,4,J,V,1,
K,R,0,X,Q
H c s 36 chng ta biu din bng 6 bits th n s m ha c s thp phn
ti a l 36^6 = 2.176.782.336. Nh vy p dng thut ton ny vo chng
trnh th chng trnh s hot ng c i vi nhng v c nm pht hnh <=
2021. Khi qu thi hn ny th chng trnh s b s c Y22K.
Cc bc gii m:
Bc 1: T 1 dy gm 8 k t c m ha, ta tch thnh 2 nhm,
nhm 1 gm 2 k t u tin(G1), nhm 2 gm 6 k t cn li(G2).
Bc 2: 6 k t nhm 2 h c s 36, ta chuyn chng v li h thp
phn. Kt qu s c 1 dy gm 10 k t s.
Bc 3: Tch kt qu tm c t bc 2 thnh 2 nhm, nhm 1 gm 2
k t u tin (G3) nhm 2 gm 8 k t cn li (G4).
Bc 4: ghp cc nhm va tch c cng vi nhng k t c nh
/, -, T theo th t sau: S = G1 + / + G3 + -T + G4. S chnh l ni
dung ca m vch dng ban u.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 42
n Tt Nghip
3.2.4Biu din bng s .

D liu ngun
D liu ngun
Tch chui
Ghp chui
Kt qu tch chui
Kt qu tch chui
Ghp cc k t s
Tch chui
Kt qu ghp
Kt qu chuyn i
i c s 10 -> 36
i c s 36 -> 10
Kt qu chuyn i
Kt qu tch
Ghp chui
Tch chui
Kt qu m ha
(Encrypted chars)
Kt qu m ha
(Encrypted chars)
M ha
Gii m
Thut ton.
Luu 3.1: M ha v gii m
Function Encrypt(Source as string) as string

//Tch chui 1
S1 = Left(Source,2)
S2 = Mid(Source,4,2)
S3 = Right(Source,8)
//Ghp cc k t s
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 43
n Tt Nghip
S4 = S2 + S3
//i c s 10 -> 36
S5 = DecemalToThirtysix(S4)
//Ghp chui
Encrypt = S1 + S5
End Function
Function Decrypt(Destination as string) as string
//Tch chui 1
S1 = Left(Destination,2)
S2 = Right(Destination,6)
//i c s 36 -> 10
S3 = ThirtysixToDecemal (S2)
//Tch cc k t s
S4 = Left(S3,2)
S5 = Right(S3,8)
//Ghp chui
Decrypt = S1 + / + S4 + -T + S5
End Function
Sau y l mt s mu m vch trn v thng, v ngy, v u tin, nhn vin.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 44
Hnh 3.2: M vch in trn v
n Tt Nghip
3.3. M hnh h thng.

Hethong ieu khien
thiet bla
n xe
Hethong truyen thong
lien lac
Hethong soa
t ve
Hethong thu ph
Hethong gia
m sa
t,
kiem tra
Hethong phan mem

ng dung
Hethong ieu ha
nh
trung tam
S 3.1: H thng thu ph

3.4. Vn in v pht hnh v.
Vic pht hnh v cho h thng thu ph bn t ng hon ton khng lm
thay i hay lm tri li cc qui nh ca BTC ban hnh. S lin, n ch, ni
dung in trn v, cht liu lm v (giy) hon ton khng thay i. V s c in
thm mt m vch ln lin sot (i vi v tr tin trc th in ln lin ca khch
hng). Vic kim sot c thc hin bng m vch trn v nn khng cn in
ch to nh trc y. Do kch thc ca v s gim i, c bit l i vi v
tr tin trc (v thng, v qu).
V gm c 3 lin i vi v lt v 2 lin i vi v tr tin trc.
V c in thnh nhiu mu khc nhau tng ng vi nhiu mnh gi v.
Ni dung, ch tiu ghi trn v c quy nh thng nht, gm cc ch tiu c bn
nh: n v pht hnh, loi v, loi phng tin, thi hn s dng, mnh gi v.
V d i vi Trm thu ph xa l H Ni, v do nh in B Ti Chnh (chi nhnh
TP.HCM) pht hnh theo quy trnh nh sau:
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 45
n Tt Nghip
Giai on 1: In v ng s seri trn my in offset. (i vi cc my in

offset cng ngh c, vic ng s seri phi thc hin sau)
Giai on 2: In m vch ln v bng my in laser.
Giai on 3: V c giao cho trm Thu ph xa l H Ni, ng k hiu
lc trc khi bn.
Gi thnh: Hin ti nh in BTC ang cung cp v cho CII vi gi thnh nh
sau:
V lt (3 lin, m vch): 4,200 + 2,800 = 7,000 ng/cun hay 70 ng/ v
V thng/ qu (2 lin, m vch, ph mng nha bo v): 23,000 + 2,800 =
25,800 ng/cun hay 2,580 ng/v
Trong : 1 cun = 100 v
Kch thc lien khch hng: 10x8 (cmxcm)
Mu v lt mi.
Hnh 3.3: Mu v
xe
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 46
n Tt Nghip
3.5. H thng iu khin thit b ln xe.

S iu khin ti ln xe.
Nhan vien soat ve
en Flashing
Coi hu
Tai xe
Thiet b oc
ve lt
Tai xe
Thiet b oc
ve tra trc
en vao tram - 300mm
en qua tram
200mm
BANG QUANG BAO
PLC
May tnh
Ban ieu khien
Tram
soat ve
Barie va cac vong t
.
S 3.2: iu khin ln xe
y l h thng iu khin cc thit b ti ln xe, gm my tnh iu khin cho
mi ln xe, b x l PLC v cc thit b ngoi vi khc. H thng ny c dng
truyn d liu v tnh trng ln xe v cc giao dch ti h thng my ch ti
nh iu hnh cng nh qun l, x l cc kt qu tin nhn bo li hoc tin nhn
h thng.
u c v: c m vch trn v, gi thng tin gii m (s seri) v my tnh x
l.
My tnh iu khin ln xe:
Trong iu kin bnh thng (c kt ni vi my ch): iu khin hot ng ca
cc thit b ti ln da trn thng tin sot v v CSDL trn my ch.
Trong trng hp c s c (mt kt ni vi my ch): Vn iu khin cc thit
b ti ln hot ng bnh thng da trn CSDL lu tm ti my, v nhng
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 47
n Tt Nghip
thng tin sot v khi c s c s c cp nht ln my ch khi kt ni c

phc hi.
Cc thit b ngoi vi sau y c ni chung vi b thit b iu khin ln xe
(PLC) m bo rng mi hot ng v d liu ti ln u kim sot c:
n vo ln (ng knh 300mm): ch dn cho ngi li xe bit
thng tin v trng thi ln xe.
: Ln xe ngng hot ng.
Xanh: Ln xe ang hot ng.
n ra ln (ng knh 200mm): ch dn cho ngi li xe khi
vo trm.
: Dng xe.
Xanh: c php qua trm.
n flashing: Bo hiu khi c xe qua trm trong trng hp khn
cp (xe ngoi giao, xe cu ha)
Ci h: Cnh bo ngi li xe phi dng xe ngay v c vi phm
nguyn tc sot v.
Bng quang bo: Hin th thng tin gi ph, loi xe, ngy ht hn
Thanh chn barrier, b iu khin v cc vng t: Barrier t ng
ng/m theo s iu khin ca my tnh v vng t.
B iu khin PLC: y l thit b nhn tn hiu iu khin t my
tnh v iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b ngoi vi khc ti ln xe (n giao
thng, barrier ). Ngoi ra, trong trng hp my tnh iu khin gp s c,
PLC cn c kh nng t ng iu khin, lu tr thng tin giao dch tm thi
trn chnh bn thn, ri cp nht d liu vo my tnh iu khin sau s c.
Bn iu khin: y l bn iu khin c, bao gm 3 chc nng
(m 1 xe qua, m cho on xe qua, ng barrie sau khi m on xe). Trn bn
iu khin cn c chc nng kha ln, kha bn iu khin. Trong trng hp
my tnh iu khin khng cn hot ng, nhn vin sot v thc hin cng vic
ca mnh hon ton bng bn iu khin.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 48
n Tt Nghip
Bn phm iu khin: Loi chuyn dng, giao tip my tnh, iu

khin cc chc nng ca phn mm sot v.
Loa: c s xe, cnh bo cc trng hp khng bnh thng.
3.6. H thng sot v.
Vic kim sot ca h thng thu ph c thc hin theo phng php
dng li mua v v dng li kim sot. Ngha l ngi li xe trc khi vo
trm sot v cn phi c v. V c th mua ti Kios bn v i vi v lt hoc
mua ti trm thu ph i vi cc loi v tr trc (v thng, v qu, v tr dn).
Vi cng ngh m vch, nu i c ch hai dng thnh mt dng th hon
ton thch hp. Ngha l bn v v sot v ti kiosk trn ln sot v.
3.6.1. Cc loi v thu ph.
V thu ph gm cc loi: V lt, v tr tin trc (v thng, v qu, v
do BTC cp, v tr dn).
V c in sn mnh gi theo mc thu lt qui nh tng ng vi tng
loi phng tin.
V lt: Dng thu ph i vi phng tin tham gia giao thng
qua trm thu ph ni pht hnh mt lt.
V thng: Dng thu ph i vi phng tin tham gia giao thng
qua trm thu ph ni pht hnh trong mt thng. Thi gian c hiu lc ca v
thng c qui nh khi v thng c bn ra.
V qu: Pht hnh theo thi hn qu (I, II, III, IV) trong nm
dng lch, dng thu ph i vi phng tin tham gia giao thng qua trm
thu ph ni pht hnh trong mt qu k t ngy 1 ca thng u qu n ngy
kt thc qu theo thi hn ghi trn v.
V tr dn: Mi ln xe qua trm, ph giao thng s c tr dn
vo s tin tr trc khi mua v.
3.6.2. H thng sot v.
H thng sot v bao gm:
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 49
n Tt Nghip
Thit b c m vch (1 cho v lt, 1 cho v thng, hoc s dng

chung).
My tnh iu khin ln xe.
B iu khin PLC.
Bn iu khin c.
n iu khin giao thng.
H thng loa v ci bo ng.
Barrier, b iu khin v h thng vng t.
Bng quang bo.
Phn mm kim sot v.
Vi vic ng dng gii php s dng m vch, cc trm thu ph hon ton tun
th cc quy nh ca B Ti chnh theo thng t s 109/2002/TT-BTC, c th
nh sau:
- V thu ph ng b l chng t ph ng b, l bin lai thu ph, l ph
thuc ngn sch nh nc.
- V thu ph ng b l chng t cc ng b, l ha n c th s
dng khi cung ng dch v s dng ng.
- Vic in, pht hnh v qun l s dng v thu ph ng b hon ton tun
th cc quy nh ca B Ti chnh.
Ngoi ra, h thng cn t c cc li ch khc nh:
- Chi ph in v khng i so vi in v thng.
- Vic sot v c thc hin thng qua thit b c m vch vi tc cao
v chnh xc tuyt i.
- Thao tc ca nhn vin sot v n gin, nhanh chng.
SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 50
n Tt Nghip
3.7. H thng iu khin trung tm.

S h thng.
Switch
3Com
ong bo d
lieu
Quan tr he
thong
Trng tram
May chu 2
May chu 1
Ban ve
thang
Ke
toan
May
in
Mang tai Nha ieu hanh
S 3.3: Mng nh iu hnh trung tm

Nh iu hnh l ni t h thng my ch (server), my trm phc v cho cng
tc iu hnh hot ng thu ph cho ton trm thu ph, gm c:
My ch d liu (Database server): l ni ci t CSDL v cc phn h ca phn
mm h thng thu ph. Do yu cu hot ng 24/24 v mc quan trng ca
d liu, nn my ch d liu c cu hnh mnh, c th chy ch song hnh,
tng kh nng d phng. ng thi, s dng bng t (tape backup) sao lu
nh k d liu, phng khi c s c xy ra th c th phc hi li h thng trong
thi gian ngn nht.
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V l do an ton, chng ta s dng 2 my ch (c cng tnh nng). Tuy nhin,

cng c th s dng 1 my ch m khng nh hng n cht lng h thng,
nu c s c v phn cng my ch th my ch phi tm ngng hot ng ch
sa cha thay th. Mt khc h thng my tnh sot v ti cc ln sot v c th
lm vic tt trong thi gian my ch tm ngng hot ng.
Cc my trm phc v cho cc cng vic qun l v, bn v, qun tr h thng,
tng hp bo co
3.8. H thng truyn d liu.
H thng truyn nhn d liu gia kiosk sot v v Nh iu hnh rt
quan trng. Thng qua h thng ny trm sot v gi d liu v Nh iu hnh,
kim tra tnh hp l ca v, gi thng tin cho h thng gim st
Do tnh quan trng trong h thng thu ph v m bo tc ca mng nhanh
nht, h thng thu ph c trin khai mng my tnh hnh sao, s dng
Switching Hub ti thiu 10/100Mbps, v cp mng loi UTP Cat-5. Ngoi ra
cp quang s c s dng ni cc Switching Hub t Nh iu hnh ti kiosk
sot v do khong cch xa hn phm vi ca 10/100BaseT.
Tuy nhin, trong trng hp nh iu hnh v kiosk sot v cch nhau khng xa
(di 100 mt) th cp quang c th thay th bng cp UTP/STP.
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Ma ng ta i Tra m soa t ve
Switch
3Com
Ca p quang
Switch
3Com
o ng bo d
lie u
Qua n tr he
tho ng
Ma y chu 1
Tr ng tra m
Ma y chu 2
Ba n ve
tha ng
Ke
toa n
Ma y
in
Ma ng ta i Nha ie u ha nh
S 3.4: Mng h thng trm thu ph

Do khong cch ln t cc kiosk sot v v Nh iu hnh, nn cc ng cp
mng khng c ko trc tip t kios sot v v Nh iu hnh m c tp
trung v mt switch t ti kiosk sot v, ri t mi c truyn v Nh iu
hnh.
3.9. H thng gim st.
S h thng my tinh chng tn hiu:
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He thong camera quan sat tai cac lan xe
Camera
Camera
d9
Camera
Camera
Camera
Tn hieu n
Camera
Camera
Camera
Tn hieu n
Tn hieu sau khi chia 4
Tn hieu sau khi chia 4
Bo chia 4
Bo chia 4
Tn hieu n
Frame Grabber
(Internal)
Frame Grabber
(Internal)
Cac may tnh chup hnh
He thong may tnh chup hnh tai Nha ieu hanh
Tape Backup
D V D
May tnh
chong tn hieu
au ghi ky thuat so
May tnh
chong tn hieu
He thong may tnh chong tn hieu
S 3.5: H thng camera gim st
Gii php hn ch v chng tiu cc hiu qu l vic s dng h thng gim st

gim st cc hot ng ti cc ln xe. Thng tin c lu tr, phc v cng
tc hu kim hoc tm kim li hnh nh km theo thng tin ti mt thi
im bt k mt cch nhanh chng.
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H thng CCTV Camera c b tr mi ln xe thu nhn cc hnh

nh ca tt c cc phng tin i ngang qua trm. H thng ny bao gm 2 phn
chnh:
Thit b camera: mi lane u c b tr mt camera mu.
My tnh chp hnh: Nhim v chnh ca my tnh chp hnh l
chuyn tn hiu video sang tn hiu s (digital), v da trn tn hiu c v ti
cc kios sot v chp li nhng hnh nh xe qua trm.
My tnh chng tn hiu: Nhim v ca my tnh l chng d liu sot v
ln tn hiu video (04 ln s dng 01 my chng tn hiu, c th s dng 01 my
tnh chng tn hiu cho 01 ln nu mun hnh nh r v sc nt). D liu sot v
bao gm mnh gi v, tnh trng ca v, hiu lc ca v, nhn vin sot v
Cc thit b khc
Monitor c dng hin th hnh nh.
u ghi k thut s lu tr cc d liu hnh nh thu c c th
i chiu v kim tra.
B sao lu k thut s (Tape Backup) ni vo u ghi k thut s lu
tr d liu c th kim tra li nu cn.
3.10. H thng phn mm thu ph.
3.10.1. Gii thiu tng quan cc phn h phn mm.
Cc phn h phn mm lin kt vi nhau, to thnh mt h thng qun l
nghip v thu ph bn t ng hon chnh.
K ton v: Nhp xut v, qun l kho v, giao nhn v, bn v tr tin
trc, thu tin v.
Sot v: Da vo thng tin cung cp t phn h K ton v, phn h
Sot v kim tra tnh hp l ca v v iu khin h thng thit b ti ln cho
xe qua trm. Phn h ny cng cung cp tn hiu v thng tin sot v cho Hu
kim chp hnh, v hu kim cc trng hp xe qua trm khng bnh thng.
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Gim st: Gim st cng vic thu ph ca nhn vin sot v thng qua h
thng quan st (camera) v d liu t phn h Sot v cung cp.
Hu kim (Kim sot sau): Cho php kim li ngu nhin hoc tt c cc
ln xe qua trm, h thng cung cp mt hnh chp ca xe ngay trc khi xe qua
thanh chn (barrier) ngi hu kim pht hin ra cc trng tiu cc c th
xy ra.
Qun tr: Dnh cho chuyn gia trong cng vic ci t, bo tr h thng,
phn quyn s dng, x l s liu
Ngoi ra, h thng cn mt phn h khc khng km phn quan trng l phn h
in v (in m vch ln v). Ni dung ca m vch trn v l duy nht, ngha l
khng c bt k hai v no c m vch cng nhau.
3.10.2. Phn h k ton v.
Nhp xut tn kho v.
Thc hin cc nghip v ca k ton v qun l kho v.
V hp l l nhng v hin hu trong kho (xc nh thng qua ni
dung cc m vch trn v).
Giao v cho nhn vin bn v lt.
Cp v cho nhn vin bn v lt (bn v ti cc kiosk dc hai bn
ng)
Thng k, kim tra tn, thu tin nhn vin bn v lt hng ngy.
Bn v tr tin trc.
V tr tin trc bao gm v thng, v qu. Quy trnh bn v c thc
hin tun t nh sau:
Khch hng yu cu loi v cn mua.
K ton bn v ly ng loi v c yu cu.
K ton bn v s dng thit b c m vch c s seri
trn v tr tin trc.
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K ton bn v chn ngy bt u s dng v ngy kt thc theo

yu cu ca khch hng.
Chng trnh hin th thng tin s xe, gi v, thi hn s dng
khch hng kim tra.
3.10.3. Phn h sot v.
Phn h sot v ch m barrier cho xe qua i vi cc v hp l. V hp l
bao gm cc loi sau:
V lt giao cho nhn vin bn v lt, v cha qua ln trm ln no
(xem hnh bn di).
V thng, v qu c bn bng phn h Bn v tr tin trc v cn
trong thi gian s dng.
V do b ti chnh cp, khng c m vch.
Cc trng hp v khng hp l, phn h Sot v khng m barrier cho
xe qua. Trng hp bt buc phi m barrier cho xe qua th nhn vin sot v
thc hin m barrier bng cc cch:
Trng hp 1 (v lt s dng, v thng v v qu khng c hiu lc,
m vch b hng): Nhn nt Cho qua, barrier m ln v t ng ng li khi
xe va qua khi barrie. Phn h sot v s ghi nhn li s seri phc v cho
cng tc hu kim.
Trng hp 2 (cc trng hp 1 xe u tin): Nhn nt Cng bc 1 xe,
barrier t ng m ln cho xe qua. Khi xe va qua, barrier ng li thng qua
tn hiu nhn c t vng cm ng t ngay di thanh chn.
Trng hp 3 (on xe u tin): Nhn nt Cng bc on barrier t
ng m ln, khng t ng li m nhn vin sot v phi t ng li.
3.10.4. Phn h gim st.
Gim st hot ng thu ph thng qua s liu cung cp t phn h Sot v
t cc ln gi v.
3.10.5. Phn h hu kim.
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Hu kim ngha l kim li cc ln xe qua trm pht hin cc trng

hp tiu cc c th xy ra, vic kim tra c thc hin thng qua nh chp v
s liu trong c s d liu trung tm. Cng vic hu kim khng i hi thi
gian 24/24 nh l gim st, v c th kim tra cho gia nhiu nhn vin hu
kim.
Chp nh.
Hnh 3.4: Chp nh xe qua trm

Vi mi xe qua trm, phn h Sot v gi tn hiu v trung tm yu cu
chp nh xe ngay lc dng ti quy sot v. nh l hnh ca xe v thng tin sot
v ghi ngay pha trn xe.
i chiu thng tin sot v v hnh nh.
Ngi hu kim lc ra cc trng hp xe qua cc ln hu kim. ng vi
mi ln qua, chng trnh hin th mt hnh chp ngay vo lc xe qua.
nh bao gm hnh tht ca xe (nhn thy c bin s xe) v thng tin sot v.
Theo hnh trn th xe 60LD-0982 qua ln bng v thng loi 300.000
ng/thng, cn trong thi hn s dng v v ny ng k cho xe c bin s l
60LD-0982. Lt sot v ny do anh Nguyn Trung Thnh (nhn vin sot v)
thc hin vo lc 16:40:41, ngy 18/02/2004 ti ln s 002.
Nh vy nu c tiu cc nh: bin s ng k (60LD-0982) khc vi hnh
nh tht, gi tin ca v khng ph hp vi kch thc xe th d dng pht
hin
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3.10.6. Phn h qun tr.

- Cp quyn cho cc i tng s dng h thng thu ph, bao gm nhn vin
sot v, k ton v, nhn vin gim st v lnh o.
- Chnh sa thay i d liu cn thit.
- Cu hnh cc thng s cho h thng.
CHNG 4: THIT K V THI CNG TRM THU PH MT DNG.
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4.1. Gii thiu m hnh.

Trm thu ph em thit k l trm gm 8 lane i xng nhau trong b tr
6 lane s dng cng ngh m vch 1 dng, ngoi ra em cng b tr 2 lane t
ng.
Nng sut (lu lng thng qua) ca mi lane c xc nh bng s xe
qua trm trong 1 gi.
Tnh theo cng thc:
N=
N: Lu lng thng qua.
tl=t1+t2 Tng thi gian lng ph.
t1 : Thi gian dng li mua v.
t2 : Thi gian i ht qung ng.
Theo tiu chun thit k (TCVN).
t1= 3 5s
s = 20m (chiu di lane)
v = 5 10km/h =1.4 3.6m/s (vn tc cho php chy trong lane)
t2=5.5 14.3s
tl =8.5 19.3s
Vy trong 1 gi s xe qua 1 lane ln nht l:
N = 423 xe/gi
tng s lng xe qua trm th ta phi gim thi gian dng mua v (qut v),
tng vn tc lu thng qua trm.
Vit chng trnh PLC vi yu cu sau:

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1. ch bng tay: Barrier c iu khin thng qua bn phm c

c ni trc tip vi PLC v c gn trn m hnh. y l bn phm khn
cp, ch c dng thay th khi ch t ng c s c.Cc nt iu khin bao
gm: M ln, m kha, m u tin mt xe, m u tin on xe v ng barrier.
Nhng thng tin v v qut, s ln m u tin, s lng xe qua ln v
tn nhn vin iu khin u c lu c s d liu phc v cho vic kim
tra sau ny.
2. ch t ng: Barrier c iu khin thng qua vic qut v c
m vch bng thit b barcode. M barcode ny c so snh vi c s d liu,
nu nh n hp l th my tnh s gi lnh iu khin xung PLC.V c dng
trong m hnh ny c 3 loi: V lt, v thng v v u tin. V u tin bao
gm: u tin mt xe v u tin on xe. V u tin s c qut nhiu ln,
ring nhng v lt th ch c qut duy nht mt ln v khng hp l nu nh
dng nhng v ny qut ln sau.
4.2. Gii thiu phn mm trong ti.
4.2.1. Gii thiu v PLC S7-200.
PLC vit tt ca Programmable Logic Controller, l thit b iu khin
lp trnh c (kh trnh) cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin
logic thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh. Ngi s dng c th lp trnh thc
hin mt lot trnh t cc s kin.
Hnh 4.1: PLC S7-200

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Hnh 4.2: ng dng PLC S7-200

S7-200 l thit b ca hng Siemens, cu trc theo kiu modul c cc
modul m rng, thnh phn c bn ca S7-200 l khi vi x l CPU212,
CPU224, CPU214
Hnh 4.3: Cu trc PLC

B iu khin PLC c nhng u im sau:
Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hc.
Gn nh d dng bo qun, sa cha.
Dung lng b nh ln, c th cha c nhng chng trnh
phc tp.
Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip.
Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh nh: My tnh, nimng,
ni cc modul m rng.
a. Cu trc ca CPU224 gm:
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4096 t n (wold) lu chng trnh thuc min nh ghi/c c

v khng b mt d liu nh c giao din vi EEPROM .
2560 t n lu d liu.
14 cng vo logic v 10 cng ra logic.
C th ghp ni them 7 modul m rng.
Tng s cng vo ra cc i l 128 cng vo v 128 cng ra.
256 b to thi gian tr, trong c 4 timer c phn gii 1ms, 16
timer c phn gii l 10ms, cos timer c phan gii l 100ms.
256 b m c chia lm 2 loi, mt loi ch m ln(CTU), mt
loi va m xung va m ln (CTUD).
256 bt nh c bit (lu trng thi bng t hoc pin) v 112 bit
(lu trong EEPROM) dng lm cc bit trng thi hoc cc bt t ch lm
vic.
Hai u vo tng t c phn gii 8 bt
Tc thc hin lnh: 0.37ms cho 1 lnh logic.
Tch hp ng h thi gian thc.
Tch hp cng truyn thng RS-485.
b. Cu trc b nh.
Phn chia b nh.
B nh ca S7-200 c chia lm 4 vng nh vi 1 t c nhim v dy tr d
liu trong thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun cung cp.
B nh c tnh nng ng cao, c v ghi c trong ton vng, loi tr phn
cc bt nh c bit.
Bn vng nh gm:
-Vng nh chng trnh: l min nh c s dng lu gi cc
lnh ca chng trnh.
-Vng tham s: L min lu gi cc tham s nh t kha a ch
trm
-Vng d liu: L min nh ng, c th truy cp tng bit, tng byte,
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tng t n v t kp. c dng lu tr cc thut ton, cc hm truyn

thng, lp bng, cc hm dch chuyn, xoay vng thanh ghi, con tr a ch.
Vng d liu c chia thnh nhiu min nh nh vi cc chc nng khc nhau
nh:
V : Variable momory
I : Input image register
O : Output image register
M : Intermal memory bits
SM: Special memory bits
-Vng i tng: c s dng lu tr cho cc i tng lp
trnh nh cc gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m hay timer.
c. a ch cc vng nh ca S7-200 CPU224.
- u vo (Input): I0.0 n I0.7;I1.0 n I.5: I2.0 n I2.7
- u ra (Output): Q0.0 n Q0.7; Q1.0 n Q1.1
- B m o u vo: I0.0 n I15.7
- B m o u ra: Q0.0 n Q15.7
- u vo tng t: AIW0 n AIW62
- u ra tng t: AQW0 n AQW62
- Vng nh V: VB0 n VB5119
- Vng nh L: LB0 n LB63
- Vng nh M: M0.0 n M31.7
- Vng nh SM: SM0.0 n SM549.7
SM0.0 n SM29.7 (read only)
- Vng nh Timer: T0 n T255
- Vng nh Counter: C0 n C255
- Vng nh m tc cao: HC0 n HC5
- Vng nh trng thi: S0.0 n S31.7
- Vng nh thanh ghi tng: AC0 n AC3
- Kh nng qun l Label: 0 n 255
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- Kh nng qun l chng trnh con: 0 n 63

- Kh nng m rng chng trnh ngt: 0 n 127
d. Ngn ng lp trnh.
C 3 phng php lp trnh cho PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemen l:
-Lader Logic (LAD)
-Statement List (STL)
-Function Block Diagram (FBD)
e. Nguyn l hot ng.
CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra
chng trnh c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin tng lnh trong
chng trnh, s ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti
cc thit b lin kt thc thi, ton b cc hot ng thc thi u ph thuc
vo chng trnh iu khin c gi trong b nh .
f. Ghp ni cc phn t vo PLC.
Hnh 4.4: Ghp ni PLC

4.2.2. Gii thiu v Visual Basic.
Visual Basic 6.0 (Vb6) l mt phin bn ca b cng c lp trnh Visual
Basic, cho php ngi dng tip cnh nhanh cch thc lp trnh trn mi trng
Windows.
Vi VB6 chng ta c th:
- Khai thc th mnh ca cc iu khin m rng.
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- Lm vic vi cc iu khin mi.

- Lm vic vi tnh nng ngn ng mi.
- Lm vic vi DHTML.
- Lm vic vi c s d liu.
- Cc b sung v lp trnh hng ti i tng.
4.3. Thi cng m hnh.
4.3.1. M hnh trm thu ph.
a. Ng vo:
Cng tc 1: KHA ON/ OFF dng chuyn sang T NG, BNG TAY.
Cng tc 2: NG/ M LN dng chuyn ln hot ng hay ngh.
Nt nhn 1: M MT XE dng m cho mt xe qua (BNG TAY).
Nt nhn 2: M ON XE dng m cho on xe qua (BNG TAY).
Nt nhn 3: NG BARRIER dng ng barrier khi on xe qua ht
(BNG TAY)..
Nt nhn 4: LOOP C (cm bin vng t) dng ra lnh camera chp
nh x l bin s i vi trng hp v thng, v u tin....
Nt nhn 5: LOOP B (cm bin vng t) dng bo ng khi xe vo
vng cm; nu v hp l th khng bo ng.
Nt nhn 6: LOOP A (cm bin vng t) dng ra lnh cho barrier ng
vi trng hp cho php 1 xe qua.
b. Ng ra:
-n , n xanh pha trn: n bo tnh trng ln.
-n , n xanh pha di: n tn hiu giao thng.
-n vng: n cnh bo u o ln.
-Dy n barrier nm ngang: Ch th barrier ang ng.
-Dy n barrier xanh thng ng: Ch th barrier ang m cho 1 xe qua.
-Dy n barrier vng thng ng: ch th barrier ang m cng
bc cho on xe qua (u tin barrier vng cao hn barrier xanh).
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-Loa: dng cnh bo xe vo vng cm.

c. Nguyn tc hot ng:
Khi cng tc 1 v tr ON th h thng chuyn sang ch BNG TAY.
Khi cng tc 2 v tr NG th ng ln khng cho hot ng, n
pha trn sng. Khi v tr M th h thng sn sng hot ng, n xanh pha
trn sng.
Khi c 1 xe n, bm Nt nhn 1, dy barrier xanh sng, n xanh
pha di sng. Khi xe i qua LOOP C, LOOP B ri LOOP A th barrier ng
v n pha di sng.
Khi c on xe i qua, bm Nt nhn 2, dy barrier vng sng, n xanh
pha di sng. Khi xe i qua LOOP A, barrier vn khng ng n khi bm
nt nhn 3 th barrier ng, n pha di sng.
Khi cng tc 1 v tr OFF th h thng chuyn sang ch T NG.
Khi dng phn mm qut m vch iu khin h thng.
Khi xe n v tr LOOP C, camare chp nh bin s xe vo v my tnh
x l nh. Nu bin s hp l nm trong c s d liu th barrier t ng m.
Nu khng hp l th li xe phi mua v lt v nhn vin sot v qut v vo h
thng c m vch; hoc li xe mua v thng th h thng cp nht bin s v
barrier t ng m.
Nu camera nhn dng bin s khng hp l m li xe khng mua v lt hoc
v thng c tip tc i vo LOOP B th loa bo ng.
i vi cc trng hp xe u tin, xe c bit i qua th nhn vin sot v dng
th m vch cng qut vo my c m barrier.
Khi xe lu thng vo ln ph vo ln thu ph t ng nhn vin phi xc nh
loi xe l thu ph, min ph, v ngy, v thng hay v nm.
i vi xe thu ph v lt vo: Khi xe lu thng vo ln c v tr ph hp h
thng nhn dng t ng s bo cho h thng ghi hnh chp ton cnh xe (c
bin s), khi xe n gn cabin th h thng nhn dng xong. Lc ny my tnh
ln nhn c thng tin mnh gi xe (do h thng nhn dng PLC gi ln).
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Sau my tnh ln m mt hp thoi ch thu ph vin qut v. Sau khi qut v

thng tin v s c kim tra tnh hp l nh sau:
+ Kim tra v u vo hay ra: Nu xe lu thng u vo m m v l u
ra th s xut hin thng bo V khng c thc .
+ Kim tra v mi hay s dng: Nu v dng th s hin thng
bo V s dng.
+ Nu v hp l h thng phn mm ca trm thu ph s kim tra m nhn
dng ca thit b nhn dng t ng v m ca v c qut vo ging nhau th
my tnh cho php m barrier, lu tr s liu v data server. Ngc li nu m
nhn dng ca trm thu ph v m ca v c quet vo khc nhau th my tnh
ln m hp thoi ch thu ph vin xc nhn v sau m barrier ng thi gi
hnh nh v video server trong trng hp c li h thng. Sau khi xe qua trm
barrier s ng xung kt thc mt chu k qut v.
Hnh 4.5: M hnh trm thu ph

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4.3.2. Thi cng phn cng trm thu ph.

S kt ni phn cng.
Hnh 4.6: S kt ni phn cng

Cc ng vo t bn phm c.
Hnh 4.7: S kt ni ng vo t bn phm c
Cc ng vo t cc vng loop.
Hnh 4.8: S kt ni ng vo cc vng t

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Hinh 4.9: S u ni vng t

Trong LOOPA, LOOPB, LOOPC l cc vng t.
Cc ng ra t bn phm c.
n THGT: Q0.1=1 th n xanh sng v ngc li th n sng.
Q0.1
24
V
5
Hnh 4.10: S kt ni ng ra n THGT
n trng thi ln: Q0.2=1 th n xanh sng v ngc li th n sng.
24V
Q0.2
5
Hnh 4.11: S kt ni ng ra n trng thi ln
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Ci Q0.3 gn vo chn thng h ca role

24
V
1
X
Q0.3
5
Hnh 4.12: S kt ni ng ra trng thi
ci
S kt ni Barrier: Barrier c ni vi ng c barrier ng hay m ph
thuc vo tc ng cc tip im.
Q0.7
24
V
1
2
5
Hnh 4.13: S kt ni barrier
Hnh 4.14: S iu khin ng c ca barrier
SVTH: L c Tin
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4.3.3. Thi cng phn mm.

4.3.3.1. Chng trnh PLC S7-200
a. Bng nh ngha cc ng vo ra:
Bng nh ngha cc ng vo.
INPUT
DEVICE
VALUE
Bit = 0
BYTE
Bit = 1
I0.0
M 1 xe
Khng c xe
M 1 xe
I0.1
M on xe
Khng c xe
M on xe
I0.2
ng barier
Khng c xe
ng Barrier
I0.3
M ln
Khng c xe
M ln
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
Kha m
Khng tc ng
M kha
I0.7
I1.0
Loop A
Khng c xe
C xe
I1.1
Loop B
Khng c xe
C xe
2
3
I1.2
I1.3
Loop C
Loop D
Khng c xe
Khng c xe
C xe
C xe
Bng 4.1: nh ngha cc ng vo

Bng nh ngha cc ng ra:
OUTPUT
DEVICE
BIT = 0
VALUE
BIT = 1
Q0.0
Q0
BYTE
Q1
Q0.1
n THGT
Xanh
Q0.2
n TT ln
Xanh
Q0.3
Ci
Ci tt
Ci ku
Q0.4
n u o
Xanh
Q0.5
M on xe
Khng tc ng
M Barrier cho on
Q0.6
M 1 xe
Khng tc ng
M Barrier 1 xe
Q0.7
ng Barrier
ng Barrier
Q1.0
Reset Count
Q1.1
Tng Count
Khng tc ng
Reset Counter ngoi
(cnh ln)
Kch m Count ngoi
(cnh ln)
Bng 4.2: Bng nh ngha cc ng ra
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b. Lu gii thut.
1. PC truyn d liu xung PLC.
BEGIN
M ha cc nt lnh truyn d liu
Kim tra li chng trnh v

thng bo li
N
Kim tra vic truyn d liu
Y
Truyn d liu n PLC
PLC nhn tn hiu x l v iu khin

trm thu ph .
END
Lu 4.1: Truyn t PC xung PLC
SVTH: L c Tin
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2. PC nhn d liu t PLC.

BEGIN
PC ch d liu t PLC
Kim tra li chng trnh v

thng bo li
N
Kim tra vic truyn d liu
Y
PC nhn d liu
m d liu vo b m nhn
MSComm.INPUT = DATA
c d liu t b m nhn v x l
chng trnh
Chy chng trnh m phng
END
Lu 4.2: PC nhn d liu t PLC
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3. M 1 xe.
START
N
M mt xe_I0.0_ON
Y
N
1. M ln_I0.3_ON
2.M kha_I0.6_ON
Y
1. M mt xe_Q0.6_ON.
2. n THGT xanh_Q0.1_ON.
3. Bit TT Barrier_V101.7_ON.
N
Loop A_I1.0_N
Y
BitTTBarrier_V101.7_OFF.
END
Lu 4.3: M 1 xe
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4. M on xe.
START
M on xe_I0.1_ON
Y
N
1. M ln_I0.3_ON
2.M kha_I0.6_ON
Y
1.M on xe_Q0.5_ON.
2.n THGT xanh_Q0.1_ON.
3.Bit TT Barrier_V101.7_ON.
4.Bit on xe_V101.6_ON.
Xe cn loop A_I1.0_ON
Y
1.Tng bin m s xe trong on_C1_ ln 1
2.Tng bin m s xe ca_C0 ln 1
ng
Barrier_I0.2_ON
Y
1.Bit m xe_V101.5_ON
2.Gi s xe trong on_C1_ ln
PC
3.Bit TT Barrier_V101.7_OFF
END
Lu 4.4: M on xe
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5. ng Barrier
START
ng
Barrier_I0.2_ON
1. M ln_I0.3_ON
2. M kha_I0.6_ON
Y
1. ng Barrier_Q0.7_ON.
2. n THGT_Q0.1_ _OFF.
3. Bit TT
Barrier_V101.7_OFF
END
Lu 4.5: ng barrier
6. ng/M ln.
START
N
M ln_I0.3_ON
Y
n TT ln_Q0.2_ON
END
Lu 4.6: ng /m ln
SVTH: L c Tin
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7. Ci.
START
Xe cn loop
B_I1.1_ON
Y
N
Bit TT Barrier
_V101.7_ON
Y
Ci ku_Q0.3_ON
END
Lu 4.7: ci
8. m xe.
START
Xe cn loop
A_I1.0_ON
Y
Bit
onxe_V101.6_O
N?
N
Y
1.Tng bin m xe trong on_C1_ ln 1.
2. Kch 1 xung cho b m
ngoi_Q1.1_ON
1.Tng bin m xe ca_C0_ ln 1.

2. Kch 1 xung cho b m
ngoi_Q1.1_ON
END
Lu 4.8: m xe
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9. Reset.
START
N
Bit Reset_V0.7_ON
Y
1. Gi s m xe ca v PC.
2. Reset b m C0 v C1 v 0
3. Kch xung reset cho b m ngoi_Q1.0_ON
END
Lu 4.9: Reset
c. nh dng khung truyn t PLC:

d dng cho PC nhn chui d liu t PLC v hin th s xe trn PC
theo thi gian thc, ta c nh khung truyn l 4 byte, c cu trc sau:
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
Byte cao input
Byte thp input
Byte cao s xe
Byte thp s xe
Bng 4.3: Khung truyn d liu

Cch thc truyn 4 byte data nh sau xy ra 1 trong 2 trng hp sau:
1. Khi khng c tn hiu on xe: Nu c s thay i ng vo th PLC s
thc hin gi mt gi data 4 byte nh trn, vi byte 3 v byte 4 l s xe trong
mt ca.
2. Khi c tn hiu on xe: PLC thc hin gi mt gi data cng gm 4 byte
nh rn, vi byte 3 v byte 4 l s xe trong on cho n khi khng cn tn hiu
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on xe th PLC s t chuyn sang trng hp 1.

Chi tit hai byte 1 v 2 nh sau:
Byte
101
Byte
100
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit TT Barrier
Bt on xe
1: m - 0: ng
1: C on xe ang qua
Loop D
Loop C
Loop B
Loop A
1: Xe ang cn loop D
1: Xe ang cn loop C
1: Xe ang cn loop B
1: Xe ang cn loop A
Kha m
1: C lnh m kha t bn c
M ln
ng
M on xe
M 1 xe
1: C lnh m ln t bn c
1: C lnh ng Barrier t t bn c
1: C lnh m on xe t bn c
1: C lnh m 1 xe t bn c
Bng 4.4: nh ngha 2 byte trng thi ng vo

4.3.3.2. Chng trnh Visual Basic 6.0.
a. Bng nh ngha cc byte lnh.
Byte lnh t PC xung PLC:
Cng vic
STT
4
3
2
1
0
Lnh ly TT t PLC
Reset Counter
ng Barrier
M on xe
M 1 xe
Byte lnh
E
D
C
B
A
Bng 4.5: Cc byte lnh t my tnh

b. Lu gii thut
SVTH: L c Tin
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Main
S kin ngt nhn 1: Nhn data t PLC:
START
START
Cu hnh ngt 2 Port

ni tip
Kim tra cc Bit hin

th trng thi cc ng vo
END
END
Lu 4.10: main
Lu 4.11: Ngt nhn 1
S kin ngt nhn 2: Nhn m barcode t thit b c Barcode.
START
Kim tra tnh hp l ca

m barcode thng qua c
s d liu Access
Pht lnh iu khin

xung PLC
END
Lu 4.12: Ngt nhn 2
SVTH: L c Tin
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Giao din iu khin Visual Basic:
Hnh 4.15: Giao din iu khin Visual Basic

4.3.3.3. C s d liu Access.
a. Gii thiu.
My tnh tr nn thng dng trong mi c quan, gia nh. My tnh ch
tht s c ngha khi m n thay con ngi qun l, lu tr v x l mt lng
thng tin ln m con ngi khng th kim sot ni.
Cc chng trnh qun tr c s d liu lin quan kh thng dng hin nay
ti Vit Nam l Foxpro, Access cho ng dng nh, DB 2, MS SQL v Oracle
cho ng dng va v ln.
Microsoft Access l mt H Qun Tr C S D Liu (QTCSDL) tng
tc ngi s dng chy trong mi trng Windows. Microsoft Access cho
chng ta mt cng c hiu lc v y sc mnh trong cng tc t chc, tm kim
v biu din thng tin.
SVTH: L c Tin
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Microsoft Access cho ta cc kh nng thao tc d liu, kh nng lin kt

v cng c truy vn mnh m gip qu trnh tm kim thng tin nhanh. Ngi s
dng c th ch dng mt truy vn lm vic vi cc dng c s d liu khc
nhau. Ngoi ra, c th thay i truy vn bt k lc no v xem nhiu cch hin
th d liu khc nhau ch cn ng tc nhp chut.
Microsoft Access v kh nng kt xut d liu cho php ngi s dng
thit k nhng biu mu v bo co phc tp p ng y cc yu cu qun
l, c th vn ng d liu v kt hp cc biu mu vo bo co trong mt ti
liu v trnh by kt qu theo dng thc chuyn nghip.
Microsoft Access l mt cng c y nng lc nng cao hiu sut cng
vic Bng cch dng cc Wizard ca MS Access v cc lnh c sn (macro) ta
c th d dng t ng ha cng vic m khng cn lp trnh. i vi nhng
nhu cu qun l cao Access a ra ngn ng lp trnh Access Basic (Visual
Basic For application) mt ngnng lp trnh mnh trn CSDL.
b. To c s d liu.
Ln lt to 6 table bng phng thc Create table in Design view c tn
sau:
1. DLVe: cha tt c cc v lt cha qut.
2. Vethang: cha tt c cc v thng cha qut.
3. Tkxeve: thng k cc v lt qut.
4. Tkxeuutien: thng k nhng ln m u tin.
5. Tkxethang: thng k cc v thng qut.
6. Nhanvien: cha tn cc nhn vin.
SVTH: L c Tin
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Hnh 4.16: Cc table
Hnh 4.17: Talbe nhn vin
Hnh 4.18: Table cha v thng
SVTH: L c Tin
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Hnh 4.19: Table cha d liu v
Hnh 4.20: Table thng k xe v
Hnh 4.21: Table thng k xe u tin

SVTH: L c Tin
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Hnh 4.22: Talbe thng k xe thng

4.4. Kt qu t c v hng nghin cu tip theo.
4.4.1. Kt qu t c.
Sau qu trnh tm hiu v thi cng m hnh, em hon thnh cc cng vic
sau:
1. Vit c chng trnh PLC theo hng mi ti u thi gian giao tip
d liu.
2. Vit c chng trnh Visua Basic 6.0 thc hin vic iu khin v
gim st.
3. Xy dng c s d liu Access lu tr thng tin xe qua trm thu ph.
4. Thc hin mt panel demo qu trnh lm vic ca trm thu ph.
4.4.1. Hng nghin cu tip theo.
Nhm t ng ha trm thu ph cng nh gim n tc giao thng tai trm
sau y em xin gii thiu cng ngh ETC(Electronic Toll Collection ) Nht Bn
c th p dng Vit Nam.
H thng ETC Nht Bn (OBU)
u im:
- C tin cy cao nh song v tuyn truyn tn hiu t thit b (OBU)
trn xe n cc trm thu ph.
- T l li it hn 1/1.000.000. (chnh xc gp 1000 ln).
- Hiu sut cao: Phm vi truyn tn hiu di s m bo cho vic thu ph
ngay c khi xe chy qua cng tn hiu vi tc cao (120 160km/h).
SVTH: L c Tin
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- Kh nng ph hp vi h thng th hin c: H thng ny c kh nng

ph hp cao vi th tr trc ang c s dng ti Vit Nam.
- Nng cao vic s dng h thng: H thng ny c th cung cp nhng
dich v ITS khc nhau. Tc truyn ti a l 4Mbps.
- Cng ngh ny s c xem xt ng dng vo trm thu ph Vit
Nam trong tng lai.
Hnh 4.23: Thu ph ETC
Hnh4.24: Nguyn l hot ng ca OBU
SVTH: L c Tin
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Hnh 4.25: S b tr thu pht song 2 u trm

Pht trin h thng ITS (Incompatible Timesharing System) ti Vit Nam.
- Thng tin kim sot giao thng.
- Thu ph khng dng.
- Kim sot xe ti nng.
- H tr xe khch lin tnh.
- H tr xe thun li.
- Ph lu thng ni b.
k hoch pht trin ITS thun li ta phi:
- Thnh lp nhm c vn ITS quc gia.
- Xy dng chnh sch quc gia v ITS ti Vit Nam.
- a ITS vo quy hoch giao thng chung(VITRANSS2).
- Hnh thnh mt t chc xc tin ITS cp quc gia, nh ITS Vit Nam.
- p dng tiu chun quc gia cho ITS.
- Khuyn khch thnh phn t nhn pht trin ITS.
- H tr o to ITS.
SVTH: L c Tin
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SVTH: L c Tin
Trang 89

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Hệ Thống Thu Phí Ấn Chỉ Mã Vạch Một Dừng

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n Tt Nghip

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TRONG H THNG THU PH N CH M

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

chng tht thu v gim nhn lc.

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

1.4. Tng quan h thng thu ph mt dng.

Ve thang, quy ang

Het han s dung

S 1.1: Qu trnh lun chuyn v

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

1.5.1. nh ngha trm thu ph.

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

CHNG 2: H THNG THIT B THU PH 1 DNG.

S 2.1: Tng quan h thng thu ph.

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

2.2. H thng thit b ln xe.

S 2.2: H thng thit b ln xe.

Hnh 2.1: Ca bin

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Hnh 2.2: My tnh thu ph.

V mi trng hot ng ti ln xe l cc k khc nghit v i hi phi

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

serial lm nh hng n cc kt ni (thit b giao dch thu ph m vch, PLC).

Hnh 2.3 Mn hnh thu ph

hnh LCD c kch thc nh gn tit kim khng gian lm vic.

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Chu k thc hin: 3 thng/ln.

Hnh 2.4: Loa

cabin thu ph. Loa c kt ni vi my

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Quy trnh bo dng bao gm cc bc sau:

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Hnh 2.6: Bn iu khin th cng

Ngoi ra bn iu khin cn c 1 kha v mt cng tc ln. Khi kha v

vch l mt dy s seri v c gi n my tnh ln xe thc hin cng vic

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Hinh 2.8: Barrier

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

k chc chn vi mng tr b tng. Trn mi barrier th cng u c bin bo

Hnh 2.9: Loop detector

dng lm vng t l loi dy n mm nhiu si tit din 1.5 mm2 .

Hnh 2.10: Vng t trn mt xe chy

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Lp t: Vng t c lp t trn mt ng ln xe chy, vic b tr

Hnh 2.11: Camera ln xe

knh iu chnh tiu c v v che ngoi tri camera hot ng lin tc

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Chu k thc hin: 1 nm/ln.

Hnh 2.12: Camera nhn dng

Lp t: Camera hng ngoi c thit k chc chn v gn ln mt tr

Hnh 2.13: Bng bo in t

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

Kim tra, m bo ngun cung cp ca bng cn hot ng tt.

Lp t: Ci bo ng c lp t ti nc ca cabin thu ph.

Ht bi, v sinh v (housing) ca n tn hiu giao thng.

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

M np v n THGT (mt sau ca tr n) thc hin vic bo

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

GVHD: ThS.L Th Thy Nga

nhn v tm quan st nn ta c th xem hot ng ca tt c cc ln hoc ti mt

Hnh 2.18: Camera