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Estatica 5
Estatica 5
Chapter 5, Solution 1.
\
Then
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
100
250
30 000000
6 750 000
200
150
24 000 000
18000000
150 000
21000 000
24 750000
X =
xA 21 000000
=
mm
A
150000
or X = 140.0 mm
Y =
yA 24 750000
=
mm
A
150 000
or Y = 165.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 2.
A,in 2
x ,in.
y ,in.
xA,in 3
yA,in 3
10 8 = 80
400
320
1
9 12 = 54
2
13
702
216
134
1102
536
Then
X =
xA 1102
=
A
134
and
Y =
yA 1102
=
A
134
or
X = 8.22 in.
or Y = 4.00 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 3.
Then
A, mm 2
x , mm
xA, mm3
1
90 270 = 12 150
2
2
( 90 ) = 60
3
729 000
1
135 270 = 18 225
2
30375
X =
90 +
xA 3189375
mm
=
A
30375
1
(135) = 135
3
2 460 375
3 189 375
or X = 105.0 mm
Y =
1
( 270 mm )
3
or Y = 90.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 4.
A,in 2
x ,in.
1
( 21)( 24 ) = 252
2
(13)( 40 ) = 520
2
( 21) = 14
3
21 +
1
(13) = 27.5
2
xA,in 3
y ,in.
40
1
( 24 ) = 32
3
20
772
Then
yA,in 3
3528
8064
14 300
10 400
17 828
18 464
X =
xA 17828
=
in.
A
772
or
Y =
yA 18464
=
in.
A
772
or Y = 23.9 in.
X = 23.1 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 5.
A, mm 2
x , mm
( 225 )
1
( 375)( 225) = 42 188
2
= 39 761
4 ( 225 )
3
= 95.493
125
y , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
95.493
3 796 900
3 796 900
5 273 500
3 164 100
1 476 600
6 961 000
75
81 949
Then
X =
xA 1476600
mm
=
A
81 949
or X = 18.02 mm
Y =
yA 6961 000
mm
=
A
81 949
or
Y = 84.9 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 6.
1
2
A,in 2
x ,in.
y ,in.
xA,in 3
yA,in 3
17 9 = 153
8.5
4.5
1300.5
688.5
( 4.5 ) = 15.9043 8
( 6 )2 = 28.274
4 4.5
4 4.5
= 6.0901 9
= 7.0901 96.857
3
3
112.761
298.19
182.466
905.45
393.27
10.5465
6.4535
108.822
Then
X =
xA
905.45
=
A 108.822
and
Y =
yA 393.27
=
A 108.22
or
X = 8.32 in.
or Y = 3.61 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 7.
A,in 2
1
(16 )
4
= 201.06
( 8 )( 8 ) = 64
137.06
xA 1109.32
=
in.
A
137.06
Then
X =
and
Y = X by symmetry
x ,in.
4 (16 )
3
= 6.7906
4
xA,in 3
1365.32
256
1109.32
or
X = 8.09 in.
or Y = 8.09 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 8.
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
35 343
63.662
2 250 006
4417.9
31.831
31.831
140 626
140 626.2
30925.1
2 109 380
140 626.2
Then
X =
xA 2109 380
=
A
30 925.1
and
Y =
yA 140 625
=
A
30 925.1
or
X = 68.2 mm
or Y = 4.55 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution 9.
Therefore, for X =
( 2r
4
2
2
r12
r22
r12
4r1
3
r13
2 4r1
r1
=
3
4 3
4r2
3
2 4r2 2r23
r2
=
3
2 3
1
2r23 r13
3
xA 4r1
=
:
(
(
or
xA
4 2r23 r13
4r1
=
3
3 2r22 r12
or
r 3
r13 2 2 1
r1
=
2
r
3
r12 2 2 1
r1
r
2 3 1
, where = 2
2
r1
2 1
2 3 2 2 + ( 1) = 0.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r2
= 3.02
r1
=
y1 =
Similarly
Then
yA =
2 sin 2
r2
3
2
cos
r2
3
2
cos
r1
3
2
cos
r2
3
2
A2 =
A1 =
( 2 ) r12
( 2 ) r22 23 r1
cos
2
2 3
r2 r13 cos
3
A = r22 r12
2
and
= r22 r12
2
Y A = yA
Now
( 2 ) r22
2 3
Y r22 r12 =
r2 r13 cos
2
3
Y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( 2 ) r12
1
( r1 + r2 ) is
2
Y =
sin
1
( r1 + r2 ) 2
2
1
cos
(r1 + r2 )
2
( r2 r1 ) r22 + r1 r2 + r12
r23 r13
=
r22 r12
( r2 r1 )( r2 + r1 )
Now
(1)
r22 + r1 r2 + r12
r2 + r1
r2 = r +
Let
r1 = r
r =
Then
1
( r1 + r2 )
2
2
and
( r + ) + ( r + )( r ) + ( r )
r23 r13
=
2
2
r2 r1
(r + ) + (r )
=
3r 2 + 2
2r
r23 r13
3
= r
2
2
2
r2 r1
=
so that
Y =
3 1
(r1 + r2 )
2 2
2 3
cos
( r1 + r2 )
3 4
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Y =
1
cos
!
( r1 + r2 )
2
Then
X =
A,in 2
x ,in.
xA,in 3
27
8.1962
221.30
15.5885
3.4641
54.000
18.8495
3.8197
71.999
23.739
xA 203.30
=
A
23.739
203.30
or
X = 8.56 in.
and by symmetry
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Y =0
1
2
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
1
( 240 )(150 ) = 18 000
2
160
50
2 880 000
900 000
3
( 240 ) = 180
4
3
(150 ) = 45
10
2160000
540 000
720 000
360 000
1
( 240 )(150 ) = 12 000
3
6000
Then
X =
xA 720000
=
mm
A
6000
Y =
yA 360000
=
mm
A
6000
or X = 120.0 mm
or
Y = 60.0 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A,in 2
x ,in.
y ,in.
(18)(8) = 144
432
576
1
( 6 )( 9 ) = 27
2
54
81
5.0930
3.8197
432.00
324.00
810.00
171.00
Then
(12 )( 9 ) = 84.823
255.82
X =
xA 810.00
=
in.
255.82
A
Y =
yA 171.00
=
in.
A
255.82
xA,in 3
or
yA,in 3
X = 3.17 in.
or Y = 0.668 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 90 mm
First, by symmetry
1
2
A, mm 2
y , mm
yA, mm3
60
1 296 000
( 90 )(120 ) = 8482.3
120
4 120
= 69.070
3
585 870
( 90 )(120 ) = 8482.3
120
4 120
= 69.070
3
585 870
4635.4
Y =
yA 124 260
=
4635.4
A
124 260
or Y = 26.8 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
18 240
12
72 960
218 880
1920
56
54
107520
103 680
4071.5
41.441
41.441
168 731
186 731
12 248.5
134171
53 531.1
Then
and
X =
xA 134171
=
A
12 248.5
Y =
yA 53 531
=
A 12 248.5
or
X = 10.95 mm
or Y = 43.7 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
2
( 200 )( 200 ) = 26 667
3
2
(100 )( 50 ) = 3333.3
3
23 334
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
x , mm
y , mm
75
70
2 000 000
1866 690
37.5
20
125 000
66 666
1875 000
1 933 360
Then X =
xA 1875 000
=
mm
A
23 334
or X = 80.4 mm
Y =
yA 1 933 360
=
mm
A
23 334
or Y = 82.9 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that the origin of the X axis is at the bottom of the whole area.
A, in 2
Y =
yA, in 3
8 15 = 120
7.5
900
4 10 = 40
320
Then
y , in.
80
580
yA 580
=
= 7.2500 in.
A
80
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Now, to find the first moment of each area about the x-axis:
Area I:
QI = yA =
7.75
5.75
( 4 5.75 ) ,
(8 7.75) +
2
2
or QI = 174.125 in 3 !
Area II:
QII = yA =
7.75
4.25
( 4 4.25 ) ,
(8 7.25)
2
2
or QII = 174.125 in 3 !
Note that Q( area ) = QI + QII = 0 which is expected as y = 0 and Q( area ) = yA since x is a centroidal axis.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
Y =
yA, mm3
(80 )( 20 ) = 1600
90
144 000
( 20 )(80 ) = 1600
40
64 000
Then
y , mm
3200
208 000
yA 208 000
=
= 65.000 mm
A
3200
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Area II
Note that Q( area ) = QI + QII = 0 which is expected as y = 0 and Q( area ) = yA since x is a centroidal axis.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 r sin
r 2 2
Qx = 3 2
2
= r 3 cos cos sin 2
3
or Qx =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 3
r cos3
3
=0
Qx =
2 3
r
3
FA
FB
=
, or
( Qx ) A ( Qx )B
FB =
( Qx )B
F
( Qx ) A A
Then
( Qx ) A
12
( Qx )B
12
FB =
1364688
( 280 N ) ,
831600
or FB = 459 N
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
yL, mm 2
400
200
80 000
300
400
150
120 000
45 000
600
100
300
60 000
180 000
150
200
225
30 000
33 750
200
100
150
20 000
30 000
150
75
11 250
1800
210 000
300 000
Then
X =
xL
210 000
=
= 116.667 mm
L
1800
or X = 116.7 mm
and
Y =
yL 300 000
=
= 166.667 mm
L
1800
or Y = 166.7 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, in.
x , in.
y , in.
xL, in 2
y , in 2
19
9.5
180.5
15
14.5
217.5
90
10
10
40
40
10
50
80
32
56
488
242
Then
X =
xL
488
=
L
56
or X = 8.71 in.
and
Y =
yA 242
=
56
A
or Y = 4.32 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
yL, mm 2
600
75
45 000
187.5
112.5
81 998
49 199
50 625
50 625
76 373
99 824
1
2
3
( 225)
( 225)
1390.75
( 225)
Then
X =
xL
76 373
=
L
1390.75
or X = 54.9 mm
and
Y =
yL
99 824
=
L
1390.75
or Y = 71.8 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L, mm
x , mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
yL, mm 2
75
37.5
2812.5
150
75
11 250
95.492
45 000
112.5
8437.5
47.746
47.746
5625.0
5625.0
53 437
2812.5
(150 )
4
5
= 471.24
75
( 75)
= 117.81
889.05
Then
X =
xL 53 437
=
,
L
889.05
or X = 60.1 mm
and
Y =
yA 2812.5
=
A
889.05
or Y = 3.16 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
O
From Figure 5.8 b:
r =
( 20 in.) sin 30
60
in.
6
Note also that triangle ABO is equilateral, where O is the origin of the coordinate system in the
figure.
For equilibrium:
(a) M A = 0:
60
20 in. in. cos 30 (1.75 lb ) ( 20 in.) sin 60 TBC = 0
TBC = 0.34960 lb
(b) Fx = 0:
or
TBC = 0.350 lb
Ax + ( 0.34960 lb ) cos 60 = 0
Ax = 0.174800 lb
Fx = 0:
Ay = 1.44724 lb
Therefore:
A = 1.458 lb
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
83.1
xL =
2 (150 mm )
150 mm
200 mm
(150 mm ) +
cos (150 mm )
( 200 mm ) + 200 mm
2
2
or
cos =
5000
11250
or
= 63.6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xL =
2 (150 mm )
150 mm
200 mm
(150 mm ) +
cos (150 mm )
( 200 mm ) + 200 mm
2
2
or
l 2 + 300l 197602 = 0.
Solving for l :
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L
1
2 r
r sin
l
2
X =
Then
r
2
xL
r2
2
2r 2 sin
l2
2
xL
= 0 xL = 0 and
L
r2
l2
2r 2 sin +
= 0, or l = r 1 + 4sin
2
2
(a) = 15 :
l = r 1 + 4sin15
or l = 1.427 r
(b) = 60 :
l = r 1 + 4sin 60
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or l = 2.11 r
y =
Then
yA
A
(a + h)
a
( ab )
kb ( a h )
2
2
y =
ba kb ( a h )
or
2
2
1 a (1 k ) + kh
2 a(1 k ) + kh
Let
c =1 k
Then
y =
and
h
a
a c + k 2
2 c + k
(1)
2
dy
a 2k ( c + k ) k c + k
=
=0
d
2
( c + k ) 2
or
2 ( c + k ) c + k 2 = 0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(2)
2c + 2
Expanding (2)
Then
c k
2c
=0
or
+ 2c c = 0
( 2c )2 4 ( k ) ( c )
2k
h=a
2 (1 k ) + 4 (1 k ) + 4k (1 k )
2k
2
(a) k = 0.2:
h=a
(b) k = 0.6:
h=a
2 ( 0.2 )
or h = 0.472a !
2 ( 0.6 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or h = 0.387a !
2 =
c + k 2
c + k
(3)
y =
a
( 2)
2
But
h
a
So
y =h
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Q.E.D.
Note that y1 =
h
x+h
a
h
(a x)
a
dA = ( h y1 ) dx =
h
xdx
a
a
Then
A=
h a
h 1
1
xdx = x 2 = ah
0
a
a 2 0
2
1
( h + y1 )
2
a
1
2 a h
2 1
2
x = xdA =
x
xdx = 2 x3 = a
0
A
ah
3
a
a 3 0
y =
1 1
2 h 1
2 1 a 2
2
( h + y1 ) dA = ah 0 2 ( h + y1 ) ( h y1 ) dx = ah 2 0 h y1 dx
A 2
1 a 2 h2
h
h
1 2
2
3
1 1
=
h 2 ( a x ) dx = x + 2 ( a x ) = a a = h
0
ah
a
a
3 3
a
3 a
0
Therefore:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
2
a!
3
y =
2
h!
3
First determine k:
For x = a, y = 0 and therefore
x3
y = h 1 3
a
xEL = x,
yEL =
a
0
y
,
2
A = dA = ydx =
xEL dA =
a
xydx
0
and dA = ydx
a
x3
x4
3
3 dx = h x 3 = ah
4
a
4a 0
a
h 1
0
x2
x4
x5
3 2
3 dx = b 3 =
ab
a
5a 0 10
a
h x
0
2
1 a 2
x3
b2 a
2 x3 x 6
b2
x4
x7
9
a y
1
y
dA
ydx
h
x
dx
dx
x
ab 2
=
=
+
=
+
=
EL
0 2
0
0
3
3
6
3
6
2
2
2
28
2
7
a
a
a
a
a
0
Now
x =
1
4 3a 2b 2
x
dA
=
= a
EL
A
3ab 10
5
y =
1
4 9ab 2
3
yEL dA =
= b
A
3ab 28
7
and
Therefore:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2
a
5
3
y = b
7
x =
x = a, y = h: h = k1a3
At
k1 =
or
h
a3
a = k 2 h3
k2 =
or
a
h3
Hence, on line 1
y =
h 3
x
a3
and on line 2
y =
h 1/3
x
a1/3
Then
h
h
dA = 1/3 x1/3 3 x3 dx
a
and
yEL =
1 h 1/3
h 3
1/3 x + 3 x
2 a
a
a
h 1/3
h
1
1
3
A = dA =
x 3 x3 dx = h 1/3 x 4/3 3 x 4 = ah
1/3
2
a
4a
a
4a
0
a
0
xEL dA =
h 1/3
h
1
8 2
3
x 3 x3 dx = h 1/3 x 7/3 3 x5 =
a h
1/3
a
5a
a
7a
0 35
a
x
0
a
1/3
3
1/3
3
yEL dA = 0 2 a1/3 x + a3 x a1/3 x a3 x dx
h 2 a x 2/3 x 6
h 2 3 x5/3 1 x 6
8 2
=
dx
=
ah
2/3
6
0
2 a
2 5 a5/3 7 a 6
35
a
0
From
8 2
ah
xA = xEL dA: x =
a h
2 35
or x =
16
a
35
and
8 2
ah
yA = yEL dA: y =
ah
2 35
or y =
16
h
35
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
dA = r dr
2
xEL =
2r
and
r
1 2 2
r
A = r 2 r dr = r 2 =
r2 r12
1 2
2 2 r1
4
Then
r
x =
1
4
4
r2 2r
1 3 2
x
dA
rdr
=
=
EL
r
A
r22 r12 r1 2
r22 r12 3 r1
or x =
4 r23 r13
3 r22 r12
y =
4 r23 r13
3 r22 r12
and by symmetry
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Note that y1 =
y2 =
b
b
x + b = ( a x ) , and
a
a
b 2
a x2
a
b 2
a x 2 ( a x ) dx and
a
a
A = dA = 0
b 2
b 1
2
x 1
a x 2 ( a x ) dx = x a 2 x 2 + a 2 sin 1 + ( a x )
a
a 2
a 2
0
b 1 1 2 ab
( 2 )
a =
4
a2 2 2
1
( y1 + y2 ):
2
1
4
ab
2
2
xELdA = ab 2 0 a x x a x ( a x )dx
A
(
)
21
=
a2 x2
ab ( 2 ) 3 2
3
2
1
1
+ ax 2 + x3
3
2
=
0
1
a 2
2
a ( 2 ) 3
( )
3
2
1
1
+ a3 + a3
3
2
or x =
2a
!
3 ( 2 )
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y =
1
4
a 1
yEL dA =
y + y1 ) ( y2 y1 ) dx
0 ( 2
A
ab ( 2 ) 2
ab ( 2 )
2
2
y2 y1 =
2
a 2 ( 2 )
2
ab
0 2
a2 x2
b2
2
a x ) dx
2(
a
2b
4b
4b
a
a
1 2 1 3
= 3
2 ax x 2 dx = 3
ax x 2 dx = 3
ax x
0
0
3 0
a ( 2 )
a ( 2 )
a ( 2 ) 2
or y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2b
!
3 ( 2 )
x =0
y = R cos , x = R sin
dx = R cos d
dA = ydx = R 2 cos 2 d
Hence
1 2
sin 2
A = dA = 2 0 R 2 cos 2 d = 2R 2 +
= R ( 2 sin 2 )
4 0
2
2
yEL dA = 2 0
=
R3
cos 2 sin + 2sin
3
R3
cos 2 sin + 2sin
3
y =
R2
( 2 + sin 2 )
2
But yA = yEL dA so
or
R
2
1
cos 2 + 2
2
y = R sin
3
( 2 + sin 2 )
Alternatively,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y =
2
3 sin 2
R sin
3
2 + sin 2
x = 0, y = b
At
b = k (0 a)
y=
Now
xEL = x, yEL =
and
dA = ydx =
and
b
a2
b
2
x a)
2(
a
Then
Then
k =
or
A = dA = 0
y
b
2
=
x a)
2(
2
2a
b
( x a )2 dx
a2
a
b
b
1
2
3
x
a
dx
=
x
a
= ab
(
)
(
)
2
2
3
0
a
3a
2
a
a 3
2
2
xEL dA = 0 x a 2 ( x a ) dx = a 2 0 ( x 2ax + a x )dx
b x4 2 3 a2 2
1 2
x =
ab
ax +
3
2
12
a 2 4
yEL dA = 0
=
b
b2 1
2 b
2
5
x a ) 2 ( x a ) dx =
x a)
2(
4 (
2a
a
2a 5
0
1 2
ab
10
1 2
1
ab
Hence xA = xEL dA: x ab =
3 12
1 2
1
yA = yEL dA: y ab =
ab
3
10
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
y =
1
a
4
3
b
10
x = a, b = k 2 a 2
y =
or
y =
b
a2
b 2
x
a2
x = a, 2b = k1a3
On line 2 at
k2 =
or
k2 =
2b
a3
2b 3
x
a3
2b
b
dA = 2 x 2 + 3 x3 dx
a
a
Then
b
2 x3
b x3 2 x 4
A = dA = 2 x 2 +
+
dx = 2
x
4a
a
a 3
a
0
1 1 5
= ab + = ab
3 2 6
and xEL dA =
b 2 2b 3
b x 4 2 x5
2
2 1
+
x + 3 x dx = 2
= a b +
2
a
4
5
4
5
a
a
a
a
x
0
13 2
ab
20
2b 3 b 2 2b 3
a1 b 2
yEL dA = 0 2 a 2 x a3 x a 2 x + a3 x dx
1 b 2
2b
=
2 x 3 x 3
2 a
a
0
b 2 x5
2
2 x 7
dx =
4
2a 5
7a
2
13
1
= b 2a5
= ab 2
10
7
70
Then
xA = xEL dA:
yA = yEL dA:
5 13 2
x ab =
ab
6 20
5 13 2
y ab
ab
6 70
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
39
a
50
or y =
39
b
175
or
xEL = x,
yEL =
A = dA =
L
h 1
0
y
,
2
and dA = ydx
L
x
x2
x 2 2 x3
5
+ 2 2 dx = h x +
= hL
2
L
2L 3 L 0
6
L
x 2 1 x3 2 x 4
x
x2
x2
x3
1 2
L
L
xEL dA = 0 xh 1 + L 2 L2 dx = h 0 x + L 2 L2 dx = h 2 + 3 L 4 L2 = 3 hL
0
2
1 2
h2 L
x
x2
h2 L
x2
x4
x
x2
x3
yEL dA = 2 y dx = 2 0 1 + L 2 L2 dx = 2 0 1 + L2 + 4 L4 + 2 L 4 L2 4 L3 dx
h2
x3
4 x5 x 2 4 x3 x 4
4 2
h L
=
2 3 =
x + 2 + 4 +
L
2
L 0 10
3L
5L
3L
Now
x =
1
6 1 2 2
xEL dA = 5hL 3 hL = 5 L and
A
y =
1
6 4 2 12
yEL dA = 5hL 10 h L = 25 h
A
Therefore:
x =
y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2
L
5
12
h
25
Note that y1 = 0 at x = a, or
0 = 2b 1 ka 2 , i.e. k =
1
a2
y2 =
3b
and y2 = 0 at x = 2a. Therefore
a
3b
( 2a x ) .
a
and xEL = x,
yEL =
1
( 3b + y1 )
2
and for a x 2a
dA = y2 dx,
and xEL = x,
yEL =
1
y2
2
Then:
2b
a
2a
a
2 a 3b
A = dA = 0 ( 3b y1 ) dx + a y2dx = 0 3b 2 a 2 x 2 dx + a
( 2a x ) dx =
a
a
a
b
0
2b
2
3b 1
2 a 3b
+ 2 x 2 dx + a
( 2a x ) dx = b x + 2 x3 + ( 2a x )2
a
a 2
a
3a
2a
=
a
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 3b
19
2
ab 1 +
ab
( 2a a ) =
3
2
a
6
1
6 a
2 2
3b 2a
xdA = 19ab b 0 x 1 + a 2 x dx + a a x ( 2a x ) dx =
A
6 1 2
1
3
1
x + 2 x 4 + ax 2 x3
19a 2
3 a
2a
0 a
2a
6 1 1
8
1
=
+ + 3 4 1 +
3
3
19 2 2
or x =
y =
18
a!
19
1
6 a1
1
yEL dA =
( 3b + y1 )( 3b y1 ) dx + a2a y2 y2dx
0
A
19ab 2
2
1 6 a1
2a 1 2
y2 dx =
9b 2 y12 dx + a
2 19ab 0 2
2
2
1 6 a 1 2 4b 2 2
2
2a 9b
2
0 9b 4 a x dx + a 2 ( 2a x ) dx
2 19ab 2
a
a
3b a
8
4
2
2a 9
5 + 2 x 2 4 x 4 dx + a 2 ( 2a x ) dx
0
19a
a
a
a
a
2a
3b
8
4
9
1
3
5 x + 2 x3 4 x5 + 2 ( 2a x )
19a
a
3a
5a
0 a 3
3b
8 4
3
5 + + 3 (1)
19
3 5
y =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
148
b!
95
For y2
x = a, y = b : a = kb2
at
or
a
b2
k =
b 1/2
x
a
Then
y2 =
Now
xEL = x
a
y
b x1/2
x1/2
: yEL = 2 =
, dA = y2dx = b
dx
2
2
2 a
a
and for
0 x
For
a
1
b x 1 x1/2
x a : yEL = ( y1 + y2 ) = +
2
2
2a 2
a
x1/2 x 1
dA = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b
+ dx
a a 2
Then
a/2
A = dA = 0 b
x1/2 x 1
x1/2
a
dx + a/2 b
+ dx
a
a a 2
a
a/2
2 x3/2
b 2 3/2
x2 1
x
+ b
+ x
2a 2 a/2
a 3
0
3 a
3/2
3/2
2 b a
3/2
a
=
+ ( a )
3 a 2
2
2
1
a 1
a
+ b a 2 + ( a )
2 2
2
2a
( )
13
ab
24
1/2
x1/2 x 1
a/2 x
a
x
dA
x
b
dx
x
b
=
+
+ dx
EL
0
a a/2 a a 2
and
b
=
a
a/2
2 x5/2 x3 x 4
2 5/2
x
+
b
3a
4 a/2
0
5 a
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
5/2
5/2
2 b a
5/2
a
+ ( a )
5 a 2
2
3
2
1 3 a 1 2 a
+ b ( a ) + ( a )
2 4
2
3a
71 2
=
ab
240
b x1/2 x1/2
a/2
dx
b
yEL dA = 0 2
a a
1 x1/2 x1/2 x 1
a b x
+ a/2 +
+ dx
b
2a 2
a a a 2
a
a/2
3
b2 1 2
b 2 x 2
1 x 1
=
+
2a 2 0
2 2a 3a a 2
a/2
2
2
3
b a
2
a b2 a 1
+ ( a )
4a 2
2 6a 2 2
11 2
ab
48
yA = yEL dA:
71 2
13
x ab =
ab
24 240
13 11 2
y ab =
ab
24 48
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
17
a = 0.546a !
130
y =
11
b = 0.423b !
26
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity
coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line
Now
Then
and
xEL = r cos
and
dL = rd
7 /4
7 /4
L = dL = /4 rd = r [ ] /4 =
3
r
2
7 /4
xEL dL = /4 r cos ( rd )
1
1
7 /4
2
= r 2 [sin ] /4 = r 2
= r 2
2
2
Thus
3
xL = xdL : x r = r 2 2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
2 2
r
3
dy
= a 2/3 x 2/3
dx
Then
Then
and
Hence
1/2
1/3
xEL = x
Now
and
) ( x )
dy
dL = 1 +
dx
dx = 1 + a 2/3 x 2/3
L = dL = 0
) ( x )
1/2
1/3
1/2
2
dx
a1/3
3
3
dx = a1/3 x 2/3 = a
1/ 3
2
x
2
0
a
1/3
3 2
a a
1/3 3 5/3
x
dL
x
dx
a
x
=
=
EL
0 x1/3
5
= 5a
3 3
xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2
2 5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
2
a
5
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity
coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line
Now
xEL = a cos3
dx 2 + dy 2
dL =
and
Where
Then
dL = 3a cos 2 sin d
1/2
1/2
= 3a cos sin d
/2
L = dL = 0
=
and
/2
3
a
2
/2
3
xELdL = 0 a cos ( 3a cos sin d )
/2
= 3a cos5
5
0
2
3 2
a
5
3 3
xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2
2 5
Hence
x =
Alternative solution
x
x = a cos3 cos 2 =
a
y
y = a sin 3 sin 2 =
a
x
a
2/3
y
+
a
2/3
=1
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2/3
2/3
y = a 2/3 x 2/3
3/2
2
a !
5
dy
= a 2/3 x 2/3
dx
Then
Then
and
Hence
1/2
1/3
xEL = x
Now
and
) ( x )
dy
dL = 1 +
dx
dx = 1 + a 2/3 x 2/3
L = dL = 0
) ( x )
1/2
1/3
1/2
2
dx
a1/3
3
3
dx = a1/3 x 2/3 = a
1/ 3
2
x
2
0
a
1/3
3 2
a a
1/3 3 5/3
x
dL
=
x
dx
=
a
x
EL
0 x1/3
5
= 5a
3 3
xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2
2 5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =
2
a !
5
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity
coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line
Have at
x = a, y = a : a = ka 2
Thus
y =
Then
dy
2
dL = 1 + dx = 1 + x dx
dx
a
1 2
x
a
dy =
and
L = dL =
=
x
4
4x2
a 2
4x2
1 + 2 x 2 dx = 1 + 2 + ln x + 1 + 2
4 a
2
a
a
a
a
a
5 + ln 2 + 5 = 1.4789a
2
4
xEL dL =
3/2
4
4x2 2 a2
1 + 2 dx = 1 + 2 x 2
3 8
a
a
a
x
0
a 2 3/2
5 1 = 0.8484a 2
12
xL = xEL dL: x (1.4789a ) = 0.8484a 2
Then
1
a
2
xdx
a
a
0
k =
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0.574a
xEL = x,
Have
1
x
x sin
L
2
dA = ydx
and
L/2
A = dA = 0 x sin
and
yEL =
L/2
L2
x L
x
x cos
dx = 2 sin
L
L
L 0
L2
x
L/2
x = xEL dA = 0 x x sin
dx
L
L/2
2 L2
x 2 L3
x L 2 x
= 2 x sin
+ 3 cos
x sin
L
L
L 0
Also
L/2 1
y = yEL dA = 0
x sin
L3
L3
x
dx
x sin
L
L
L/2
1 2 L2
x L
2 L3
x
= 2 x sin
x 3 cos
2
L
L
0
Hence
L2 L
L3
1 1 L3
1
6 + 2
=
(
)
2
2
2 6 8 4 2
96
L2
z
1
xA = xEL dA: x 2 = L3 2 3
or
L2
L3 1
2
3
yA = yEL dA: y 2 =
2 2
96
or y = 0.1653L !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0.363L !
xEL =
dA =
2
2
r cos = R cos 2 cos
3
3
1 2
1
r d = R 2 cos 2 2 d
2
2
1
1
A = dA = R 2 4 cos 2 d = R 2 04 cos 2 d = R 2 04 (1 + cos 4 ) d
2
2
4
1
1
4 1
= R 2 + sin 4 = R 2
2
4
0 8
2
2
2
3
xEL dA = 4 3 R cos 2 cos 2 R cos 2 d = 3 R 04 cos 2 cos d
2 3 4
R 0 1 2sin 2
3
cos d =
2 3 4
R 0 1 6sin 2 + 12sin 4 8sin 6 cos d
3
2
12
8
4
= R3 sin 2sin 3 + sin 5 sin 7
3
5
7
0
=
2 3 2
2 12 1 8 1 16 2 3
1 +
R
=
R
3
2
2
5 4 7 8
105
Now:
x=
1
8 16 2 3
128 2
xEL dA =
R =
R
A
105
R 105
or x = 0.549 R
y =0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 134 in 2 ,
xA = 1102 in 3,
yA = 536 in 3
or
V = 1.949 ft 3
or
A = 10.56 ft 2
= 9072.9 in 3
or
V = 5.25 ft 3
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 25.1 ft 2
A = 772 in 2 ,
xA = 17828 in 3 ,
( Area )
yA = 18464 in 3
xL
yL
13
27.5
357.5
40
34
20
1360
800
34
17
40
578
1360
10.5
28
334.85
892.92
21
336
128
2966.4
3180.9
(a)
16
134.89
or V = 64.8 ft 3 !
or A = 129.4 ft 2 !
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(b)
V = 2 ( 40 yarea ) A = 2 ( 40 A yA )
or V = 45.1 ft 3 !
A = 2 ( yline ) y = 40 L = 2 L ( y 40 ) = 2 ( Ly 40L )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 150000 mm 2 ,
x A = 140 mm,
y A = 165 mm
L = 1800 mm,
xL = 116.667 mm,
yL = 166.667 mm
or
A = 1.885 106 mm 2
or
A = 3.20 106 mm 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
ab
2 2
Volume = 2 yA = 2 ( a )
= a b
2
V = 2a 2b
ab
2 2
Volume = 2 yA = 2 ( 2a )
= 2 a b
2
V = 2 2a 2b
4a ab 2 2
Volume = 2 yA = 2
= a b
3 2 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V =
2 2
a b
3
A=
d 2 and C = d .
Also, the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a
horizontal semicircular arc of radius R. Now, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
for the volume V:
V = 2 (Vside ) + 2 (V
end
) = 2 ( AL ) + 2 ( RA) = 2 ( L + R ) A
or V = 2.10 in 3
A = 2 ( Aside ) + 2 ( Aend ) = 2 ( CL ) + 2 ( RC ) = 2 ( L + R ) C
or A = 2 3 in. + ( 0.75 in.) ( 0.5 in.) = 16.8270 in 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or A = 16.83 in 2
Have
4a
V = 2 yA = 2 a 2
3 4
or V =
2 3
a !
3
4a
V = 2 yA = 2 ha
3 4
or V =
2 2
a h!
3
3 2
V = 2 yA = 2 a ah
8 3
or V =
1 2
a h!
2
or V =
1 2
a h!
3
Have
a 1
V = 2 yA = 2 ha
3 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
5
1
V = 2 xA = 2 + 7.5 mm 5 mm 5 mm
3
2
or V = 720 mm3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
where the individual lengths are the lengths of the belt cross section that are in contact with the
pulley.
(a)
2 cos 20
or AC = 8.10 in 2
(b)
2 cos 20
or AC = 6.85 in 2
(c)
2 ( 0.25 )
AC = 2 ( y1L1 ) = 3
in. ( 0.25 in.)
or AC = 7.01 in 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Volume:
The volume can be obtained by rotating the triangular area shown through radians about the y
axis.
The area of the triangle is:
A=
1
( 52 )( 60 ) = 1560 mm2
2
V = xA = ( 52 mm ) 1560 mm 2
The surface area can be obtained by rotating the triangle shown through an angle of radians about
the y axis.
x1 = 20 +
Line DE : L2 = 52 mm
x2 = 20 + 22 + 26 = 68 mm
x1 = 20 +
74
= 57 mm
2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus for the part of the surface area generated by the
lines:
AL = xA = ( 31)( 63.906 ) + ( 68 )( 52 ) + ( 57 )( 95.268 ) = [10947.6] = 34.392 103 mm 2
AE = 2 ( 52 )( 60 ) = 3.12 103 mm 2
2
or A = 37.5 103 mm 2 !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L2 =
37.5
= 76.8864 mm
tan 26
a = L2 L1 = 2.9354 mm
= sin 1
=
12.5
= 9.5941
75
26 9.5941
= 8.2030 = 0.143168 rad
2
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8 a, we have
V = 2 yA = 2 yA
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, mm 2
Seg
.
1
1
( 76.886 )( 37.5) = 1441.61
2
( 75 ) = 805.32
1
( 73.951)(12.5) = 462.19
2
y A , mm3
y , mm
1
( 37.5) = 12.5
3
18 020.1
2 ( 75) sin
sin ( + ) = 15.2303
3
12 265.3
1
(12.5) = 4.1667
3
1925.81
1
(12.5) = 6.25
2
229.33
3599.7
Then
)(
= 0.191574 kg
or m = 191.6 g !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Vtop = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4
The volumes Vi can be obtained through the use of the theorem of Pappus-Guldinus:
2
2
Vtop = ( 21.15 in.) ( 0.75 in.) + ( 21.4 in.) ( 0.5 in.)
( 4 )( 0.5) in. 0.5 in. 2 + 2 21.15 + ( 4 )( 0.75) in. 0.75 in. 2
+ 2 21.4 +
(
)
(
)
3 4
3
4
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The total surface area can be divided up into the top circle, bottom circle, and the edge.
2 ( 0.5 )
+ 2 21.4 +
in. ( 0.5 in.) +
2
2 ( 0.75 )
in. ( 0.75 in.)
2 21.15 +
2
1 Gallon
( 500 ) (144 in 2 )
5000 3
= 648.19 gal
or N Gallons = 648
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
m = V = At
where A is the surface area and t is the thickness of the shade. The area can be generated by rotating the line
shown about the x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus we have
16 + 28
+
mm
2
( 32 mm )2 + ( 3 mm )2
(8 mm )2 + (12 mm )2
28 + 33
+
mm
2
( 28 mm )2 + ( 5 mm )2
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 2 yL
2
Now, since
x = ky ,
x = a : a = k ( 7.5 )
at
or
a = 56.25 k
(1)
x = ( a + 15 ) mm: a + 15 = k (12.5 )
At
or
(2)
a + 15 = 156.25k
Then
or a = 8.4375 mm
and
1
mm
dx
= 0.3 y
dy
Now
dx
dL = 1 + dy = 1 + 0.09 y 2 dy
dy
So
A = 2 yL
yL = ydL
and
12.5
A = 2 7.5 y 1 + 0.09 y 2 dy
2 1
2
= 2
1 + 0.09 y
3 0.18
= 1013 mm 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
12.5
3/2
7.5
or A = 1013 mm 2
1
( 4.2 m )( 600 N/m ) = 1260 N,
2
and R2 =
1
( 4.2 m )( 240 N/m ) = 504 N
2
M A :
1
2
x (1764 N ) = 2 + 4.2 m (1260 N ) + 2 + 4.2 m ( 504 N ) = 3.8000 m
3
3
R = 1764 N
or x = 3.80 m
(b) Equilibrium:
Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
Fy = 0:
Ay 1764 = 0
A = 1764 N
= 0:
M A ( 3.80 m )(1764 N ) = 0
M A = 6.70 kN m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Fy :
or
1
( 60 lb/ft )(18 ft ) = 360 lb:
3
R = R1 R2
R = 360 lb + 360 lb = 720 lb
R = 720 lb
+ M A :
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
By = 4.48 kN
B = 4.48 kN
Fy = 0:
Ay + 4.48 5.76 = 0, or
Ay = 1.28 kN
+ Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
Therefore:
A = 1.28 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
kN
R1 = 1.5
(1.6 m ) = 2.4 kN
m
R2 =
1 kN
3
( 2.4 m ) = 3.6 kN
2 m
kN
R3 = 3
(1.6 m ) = 4.8 kN
m
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
+ M B = 0:
+ Fy = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
=0
A = 6.00 kN
B = 4.80 kN
lb
R2 =
1
lb
180 ( 3.6 ft ) = 324 lb
2
ft
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
+ Fy = 0:
Ay 1152 lb + 324 lb = 0
Ay = 828.00 lb
+ M A = 0:
A = 828 lb
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
M A = 821 lb ft
1
( 4.5 ft )(120 lb/ft ) = 270 lb
2
Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
Fy = 0:
Ay + 180 270 = 0
Ay = 90.0 lb
Therefore:
M A = 0:
A = 90.0 lb
or M = 675 lb ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
kN
R1 = 1.5
( 2.4 m ) = 3.6 kN
m
R2 =
2 kN
9
( 2.4 m ) = 14.4 kN
3 m
Equilibrium:
+ Fx = 0:
+ M B = 0:
Ax = 0
+ Fy = 0:
A = 7.20 kN
B = 3.60 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The resultants:
R1 =
2
( 3.2 ft )(120 lb/ft ) = 256 lb
3
R2 =
1
( 2.4 ft )(120 lb/ft ) = 96 lb
3
R3 =
1
(1.6 ft )( 45 lb/ft ) = 24 lb
3
Fx = 0:
M B = 0:
Ax = 0
Ay = 231.56 lb
Fy = 0:
A = 232 lb
B = 144.4 lb
23.56 256 96 24 + By = 0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
RI =
1
( 9 m )( 2 kN/m ) = 9 kN
2
Fx = 0: C x = 0
M B = 0: 50 kN m (1 m )( 9 kN ) ( 2.5 m )(13.5 kN ) + ( 6 m ) C y = 0
or
C y = 15.4583 kN
C = 15.46 kN
B = 7.04 kN
Fy = 0: By 9 kN 13.5 kN + 15.4583 = 0
or
By = 7.0417 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Chapter 5, Solution70.
Have
RI =
1
( 9 m ) ( 3.5 w0 ) kN/m = 4.5 ( 3.5 w0 ) kN
2
so
w0 = 3.1944 kN/m
w0 = 3.19 kN/m
C = 1.375 kN
Note: the negative sign means that the distributed force w0 is upward.
(b)
Fx = 0: C x = 0
Fy = 0: 4.5 ( 3.5 + 3.19 ) kN + 9 ( 3.19 ) kN + C y = 0
or
C y = 1.375 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R2 =
1
( 8 a ) m ( 2400 N/m ) = 1200 ( 8 a ) N
2
For equilibrium:
M B = 0:
8 Ay + 4 ( 2400 ) + ( 8 a ) 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0
3
Ay = 1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
M A = 0:
(1)
By = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a )
(a) Fy = 0:
(2)
Ay + By 2400 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0
(3)
or
(8 a )2 8 (8 a ) + 8 = 0,
which gives
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(8 a ) =
( 8 )2 4 ( 8 )
2
= 6.82843 m or 1.17157 m
amin = 1.17157 m
or amin = 1.172 m !
(b) Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
= 3531.4 N
or A = 3.53 kN
B = 7.06 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R2 =
1
( 8 a ) m ( 2400 N/m ) = 1200 ( 8 a ) N
2
For equilibrium:
M B = 0:
8 Ay + 4 ( 2400 ) + ( 8 a ) 1200 ( 8 a ) = 0
3
Ay = 1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
M A = 0:
(1)
By = 1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a )
(2)
1200 + 50 (16 + a )( 8 a )
1200 + 50 ( 8 a )
(
)
24 + ( 64 16a + a )
152 8a a 2
88 16a + a 2
24 + 128 8a a 2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Differentiating
d By
da Ay
By
Ay
) (
( 8 2a ) 88 16a + a 2 152 8a a 2 ( 16 + 2a )
=0
=
2
88 16a + a 2
a 20a + 72 = 0
or
a=
or
20
( 20 )2 4 ( 72 )
2
a = 4.71 m !
Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
= 1741.70 N
A = 1.742 kN
B = 4.61 kN
Also,
Fy = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
1
1
( 5.4 ft ) wA kips/ft = 1.35wA kips
2
2
Equilibrium:
+ M C = 0:
+ FyA = 0:
or
wA = 556 lb/ft
RR = 7.2500 kips
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
RR = 7.25 kips
R2 =
1
( 5.4 ft )( 0.6wA kips/ft ) = 1.62wA kips
2
+ Fy y = 0:
or
(1)
7.38wA + RR P 10.5 = 0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(2)
or
P = 1.527 kips !
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
wA = 1.630 kips/ft !
Noting that the weight of a section of the dam is Wi = Vi (Vi being the volume of that section ) :
lb
lb 1
lb
lb 1
2
(10.5 ft ) = 7 ft, x3 = 19.5 ft, and x4 = 29.5 ft
3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Therefore:
lb 1
xs = 31.5
1
( 2.4 ) = 30.7 ft
3
1
1
PB A = ( W hB ) A
2
2
1
lb
62.4 3 ( 24 ft ) ( 24 ft )(1 ft )
2
ft
= 17971.2 lb
Then, for equilibrium:
(a) Fx = 0:
H P=0
H = 17971.2 lb
or H = 17.97 kips
Fy = 0:
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
For equilibrium:
F = 0:
Ws + P + ( R ) = 0
where R is the force of the water on the face BD of the dam, and
(17971.2 lb )2 + (1797.12 lb )2
= 18.06 kips
1797.12
= tan 1
= 5.71
17971.2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
5.71 !
x1 =
x2 = 5 + ( 2 ) m = 6 m
2
5
( 5 m ) = 3.125 m
8
1 25
x3 = 7 + ( 4 ) =
m
3
3
x4 = 7 + ( 4 ) = 9.5 m
8
Weights: Wi = i gVi
2
)(
)(
)(
2
2
)(
)(
Equilibrium:
(a) + Fx = 0:
H 176.580 kN = 0
H = 176.580 kN
+ Fy = 0:
H = 176.6 kN
(b) + M A = 0:
or
or
V = 1350 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 5.1337 m
Thus the point of application of the resultant is:
(c) Free-body diagram and force triangle for the water section BCD
(176.580 )2 + (156.960 )2
= 236.26 kN
156.960
= tan 1
= 41.634
176.580
or on the face BD of the dam
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R = 236 kN
41.6 !
(
= (10
)(
)
kg/m )( 9.81 m/s ) ( d ) = ( 9810d ) N/m
P1 =
1
1
p1 A = ( 9810d 2207.3) N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m )
2
2
= ( 248.32d 55.872 ) N
P2 =
1
1
p2 A = ( 9810d ) N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m )
2
2
= ( 248.32d ) N
+ M A = 0:
Thus d = 0.30000 m, or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 300 mm
(
= (10
)(
)
kg/m )( 9.81 m/s ) ( 0.450 m ) = 4414.5 N/m
P1 =
1
1
p1 A =
2207.3 N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m )
2
2
= 55.872 N
P2 =
1
1
p2 A =
4414.5 N/m 2 ( 0.225 m )( 0.225 m )
2
2
= 111.742 N
+ M A = 0:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
p2 = 4 h
p1 = 4 ( d 3)
p2 = 4 d
)
)
(
(
1
1
( 3 ft ) p1 p1 = ( 3 ft ) 4 ( d 3) 4 ( h 3) = 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3)
2
2
1
1
P2 P2 = ( 3 ft ) p2 p2 = ( 3 ft ) [ 4 d 4 h ] = 6 d 6 h
2
2
P1 P1 =
+ M A = 0:
or
( 3 ft ) B (1 ft ) ( P1 P1 ) ( 2 ft ) ( P2 P2 ) = 0
B=
=
) (
1
2
P1 P1
P2 P2
3
3
1
2
6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) [ 6 d 6 h ]
3
3
= 2 ( d 3) 2 ( h 3) + 4 d 4 h
or
+ Fx = 0:
B = 6 ( d 1) 6 ( h 1)
) (
(1)
A + B P1 P1 P2 P2 = 0, or using (1)
A + 6 ( d 1) 6 ( h 1) 6 ( d 3) 6 ( h 3) [ 6 d 6 h ] = 0, or
A = 6 ( d 2 ) 6 ( h 2 )
Using the given data in (1) and (2):
h = 6 ft, d = 9 ft, = 62.4 lb/ft 3 , = 64 lb/ft 3
A = 6 ( 64 )( 9 2 ) 6 ( 62.4 )( 6 2 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(2)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A = 1190 lb
B = 1200 lb
Pw =
Have
1
1
Apw = A ( gh )
2
2
1
( 6 m )(1 m ) 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 m )
)(
= 176.58 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt.
Pw =
Have
1
( 4.5 m )(1m ) 103 kg/m 3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 4.5 m )
)(
= 99.326 kN
( Ps )I
)(
= 66.218 kN
( Ps )II
1
(1.5 m )(1 m ) 1.76 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 (1.5 m )
)(
= 19.424 kN
Then
P = Pw + ( Ps )I + ( Ps )II = 184.97 kN
% inc. =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
From Problem 5.80, the force on the dam face before the silt is deposited, is Pw = 176.58 kN. The maximum
allowable force Pallow on the dam is then:
Pallow = 1.5Pw = (1.5 )(176.58 kN ) = 264.87 kN
Next determine the force P on the dam face after a depth d of silt has settled.
Have
Pw =
)(
)(
1
( 6 d ) m (1 m ) 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( 6 d ) m
2
2
= 4.905 ( 6 d ) kN
( Ps )I
= 9.81 6d d 2 kN
( Ps )II
)(
1
d (1 m ) 1.76 103 kg/m3 9.81 m/s 2 ( d ) m
= 8.6328d 2 kN
= 3.7278d 2 + 176.58 kN
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
Finally
(3.7278d
+ 176.58 kN = 264.87 kN
d = 4.8667 m
4.8667 m = 20 103
m
N
year
or N = 243 years !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
Api where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the top and bottom of the board:
2
1
kg
m
P1 = ( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 ( 0.6 m ) = 2207.3 N
2
m
s
Pi =
P2 =
1
kg
m
( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 (1 m ) = 3678.8 N
2
m
s
Free-Body Diagram:
Ax denotes the force from one piling and is therefore multiplied by two in the free-body diagram.
1
+ M A = 0:
( 0.3 m ) B + ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 0.5) m ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or
3
B = 5313.8 N
4
4
+ Fx = 0:
2 Ax + ( 2207.3 N ) + ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or
5
5
Ax = 2354.4 N
3
3
5318.8 N ( 2207.3 N ) ( 3678.8 N ) + Ay = 0, or
+ Fy = 0:
5
5
Ay = 1782.14 N
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A y = 1.782 kN !
B = 5.31 kN !
Pi =
1
Api where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the top and bottom of the board:
2
P1 =
1
kg
m
( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 ( 0.6 m ) = 2207.3 N
2
m
s
P2 =
1
kg
m
( 0.5 m )(1.5 m ) 103 3 9.81 2 (1 m ) = 3678.8 N
2
m
s
Note that the board can move in two ways: by rotating about A if the rope is pulled upward, and by sliding
down at A if the rope is pulled sideways to the left.
Case 1 (rotation about A):
For minimum tension the rope will be perpendicular to the board.
Free-Body Diagram:
+ M A = 0:
3 ( 0.5 ) m ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or
TBC = 3188.3 N
Case 2 (sliding down at A):
When the board is just about to slide down at A, A y = 0.
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Free-Body Diagram:
+ M B = 0:
3 ( 0.5 ) m ( 2207.3 N ) = 0, or
2 Ax = 3372.3 N
+ Fx = 0:
TBC 3372.3 +
4
4
( 2207.3 N ) + ( 3678.8 N ) = 0, or
5
5
TBC = 1336.58 N
Thus:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( TBC )min
= 1.337 kN
1
ApB where A is the rectangular cross sectional area through line BD, and pB is the pressure at
2
point B. Thus
1
1
P = A ( h ) = (16 ft )(10 ft ) 62.4 lb/ft 3 (10 ft ) = 18720.0 lb = 18.72 kips
2
2
1
Equilibrium:
20
+ M A = 0:
(18.72 kips ) ft B ( 3 ft ) + ( 3.3696 kips )( 2 ft ) = 0.
3
P
Solving for B:
B = 43.846 kips, or
+ Fx = 0:
B = 43.8 kips
18.72 kips + Ax = 0, or
Ax = 18.7200 kips
+ Fy = 0:
( 18.7200 )2 + ( 40.476 )2
= 44.595 kips
40.476
= tan 1
= 65.180
18.7200
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
65.2
Pressure force P:
1
1
1
ApB = ( d 1 in.)( d ) = d 2 lb
2
2
2
Weight of water section above gate:
P=
4
1 8
WW = VW = d d 1 in. = d 2 lb
2 15
15
For impending motion of gate: B y = 0, and for equilibrium:
+ M a = 0:
2
1 8 4
d
1 2
2
(16 ) d d 6 d = 0, and
3 15 15
3
2
d = 27.301 in., or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 27.3 in.
Pressure force P:
1
1
1
ApB = ( d 1 in.)( d ) = d 2 lb
2
2
2
Weight of water section above gate:
P=
4
1 8
WW = VW = d d 1 in. = d 2 lb
2 15
15
For impending motion of gate: B y = 0, and for equilibrium:
+ M a = 0:
2
1 8 4
d
1 2
2
(16 ) d d (10 h ) d = 0, and
3
3
15
15
3
with d = 30 in.
2
1 8 4
2
(16 ) 30 30
3
3
15
15
d
1
2
3 (10 h ) 2 30 = 0, and
h = 2.8444 in., or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h = 2.84 in.
)(
)
1
= ( 0.15 m )(1 m ) (1471.50 N/m ) = 110.363 N
2
P1
P2 = ACB p( 0.15 m) , or
P3 =
)(
P4 =
1
( 0.16 m )(1 m ) 7357.5 N/m 2 = 2207.3 N
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
+ M A = 0:
( 0.2 m )( 2207.3 N ) = 0, or
+ Fx = 0:
+ Fy = 0:
Ay 3 (1226.25 N ) + 882.90 N = 0, or
Ay = 2795.9 N
Then,
A=
( 2759.1)2 + ( 2795.9 )2
= tan 1
= 3930 N, and
2795.9
= 45.4
2759.1
Therefore: A = 3930 N
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
45.4 !
1
ABA p( d 0.6 m ) , or
2
1
P3 = ( 0.6 m ) (1 m ) N/m3 ( d 0.6 ) m
2
= 0.3 ( d 0.6 ) N
P3 =
1
ABA p( d m ) , or
2
1
P4 = ( 0.6 m ) (1 m ) N/m3 ( d m )
2
= 0.3 d N
P4 =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
1
2
0.6 m + ( d 0.6) m ( d 0.6) N ( 0.3 m ) 0.6 ( d 0.6) N
2
3
1
1103.63
0.036
( d 0.6 )3 + 0.3 ( d 0.6 )2 + 0.36 ( d 0.6 ) =
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 0.782 m !
P=
1
1
1 3 24
3
AP = A ( h ) =
ft
ft 62.4 lb/ft 3 ft = 3.9000 lb
2
2
2 12 12
12
Ww = V
2 4.5 3 24
= 62.4 lb/ft 3
ft ft
ft
3 12 12 12
= 7.8000 lb
R=
P 2 + Ww 2 =
= tan 1
( 3.9 )2 + ( 7.8)2
= 8.7207 lb
Ww
7.8
= tan 1
= 63.435, or
P
3.9
R = 8.72 lb
(b)
63.4
By = 7.8000 lb
+M B = 0:
M B = 3.5100 lb in.
Therefore, the force-couple system on the gutter is:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
yV
2 R 4
3
r
8
1 4
r
4
( R ) ( 2R ) = 2 R
2
r3
3
r3
2 R 3
3
r4
2 R 4
8
1
R4 r 4
yV
8
Y =
=
1
V
3
R r3
3
Then
1 r
8 R
1 r
3 R
(a )
r =
3
R: y =
4
1 3
3 4
1 3
1
3 4
or y = 1.118R
1
(b)
y = 1.2R : 1.2R =
or
1 r
8 R
1 r
1
3 R
r
r
3.2 + 1.6 = 0
R
R
Solving numerically
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r
= 0.884
R
yV
Then Y =
=
V
7 a 2h 2
24
2 a 2h
3
yV
1 2
a h
2
h
2
1 2 2
a h
4
1 2
a h
6
h
4
1
a 2h 2
24
2 2
a h
3
7
a 2h 2
24
or Y =
7
h
16
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V
1
2
Then Z =
(
(
12 a3h
zV
=
2 a 2h
V
3
1 2
a h
2
1 2
a h
6
2 2
a h
3
4a
3
a
zV
2
a 3h
3
1 3
ah
6
1
a 3h
2
)
)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Z =
3a
4
xV
Rectangular prism
Lab
1
L
2
1 2
L ab
2
Pyramid
1 b
a h
3 2
V = ab L + h
6
Then
Now
L+
xV =
X V = xV
1
h
4
1
1
abh L + h
6
4
1 2
1
ab 3L + h L + h
6
4
so that
1 1
1
X ab L + h = ab 3L2 + hL + h 2
6 6
4
1 h 1
h 1 h2
X 1 +
L
3
=
+
+
6 L 6
L 4 L2
or
(a) X = ? when h =
Substituting
(1)
1
L
2
h
1
=
into Eq. (1)
L
2
2
1 1 1
1 11
X 1 + = L 3 + +
6 2 6
2 4 2
or X =
(b)
57
L
104
X = 0.548L
h
= ? when X = L
L
1 h 1
h 1 h2
L 1 +
= L 3 + +
6 L 6
L 4 L2
1+
1h
1 1h
1 h2
= +
+
6L
2 6 L 24 L2
h2
= 12
L2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h
= 2 3
L
V , mm3
y , mm
z , mm
yV , mm 4
zV , mm 4
( 60 )(105)(10 ) = 63000
52.5
315 000
3 307 500
1
2
( 30 ) (10 ) = 14 137.2
2
70 686
1 664 400
(15)( 30 )( 60 ) = 27 000
15
30
405 000
810 000
105
56 706
1 190 820
1
2
(19 ) (15 ) = 8505.9
2
30
186 585
255 180
110 565
4 335 900
Then Y =
30
4 (19 )
3
= 21.936
105 +
4 ( 30 )
3
=117.732
84 290
yV 110 565
mm
=
84 290
V
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Y = 1.312 mm
Then Z =
V , mm3
z , mm
zV , mm 4
( 60 )(105)(10 ) = 63000
52.5
3 307 500
1
2
( 30 ) (10 ) = 14 137.2
2
(15)( 30 )( 60 ) = 27 000
105 +
4 ( 30 )
3
= 117.732
1 664 400
30
810 000
105
1 190 820
1
2
(19 ) (15 ) = 8505.9
2
30
255 180
84 290
zV 4 335 900
=
mm
V
84 290
4 335 900
or Z = 51.4 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
V , mm3
x , mm
xV , mm 4
50
5 280 000
50
5 280 000
1
( 62 )( 51)(10 ) = 15 810
2
39
616 590
1
( 66 )( 45)(12 ) = 17 820
2
Then X =
34 +
2
( 66 ) = 78
3
209 190
xV 9 786 600
=
mm
V
209190
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 389 960
9 786 600
or X = 46.8 mm
V , mm
1
1
( 62 )( 51)(10 ) = 15 810
2
1
( 66 )( 45)(12 ) = 17 820
2
Then Z =
z , mm
zV , mm 4
633 600
12 +
1
(88) = 56
2
5 913 600
12 +
1
( 51) = 29
3
458 490
55 +
2
( 45) = 85
3
209 190
zV 5 491 000
=
mm
V
209 190
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 514 700
5 491 000
or Z = 26.2 mm
Then X =
V , in 3
x , in.
xV , in 4
77.76
1
( 2.1)( 6)( 2.7) = 17.01
2
34.02
1
2
(1.35) ( 0.9) = 2.5765
2
2
37.217
xV
119.392
=
in.
V
37.217
8+
1.8
22.088
14.4765
119.392
or X = 3.21 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then Y =
V , in 3
y , in.
yV , in 4
0.45
8.748
1
( 2.1)( 6)( 2.7) = 17.01
2
1.6
27.216
1
2
(1.35) ( 0.9) = 2.5765
2
0.45
1.15943
0.45
0.81430
37.217
yV
36.309
=
in.
V
37.217
36.309
or Y = 0.976 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
4 150
z5 = 300
= 236.34,
3
A5 =
(150 )2 = 11 250
= 35 343
A mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
300
200
72
48
600
200
150
72
24
18
600
140
240
20.160
4.7040
8.0640
300
400
150
54
72
27
35 343
240
400
236.34
2.7000
4.5
2.6588
471 057
169.358
125.159
28.583
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Therefore:
X =
or X = 360 mm !
Y =
yA 125159 000
=
= 265.70 mm
471 057
A
or Y = 266 mm !
Z =
zA 28 583 000
=
= 60.678 mm
471 057
A
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Z = 60.7 mm !
A, in 2
x , in.
y , in.
z , in.
xA, in 3
yA, in 3
zA, in 3
1
( 4.5)( 3) = 6.75
2
1.5
10.125
47.25
( 4.5)(10 ) = 45
2.25
101.25
135
180
1.125
1.5
12.6563
16.875
67.5
2.25
17.8925
71.211
116.611
165.375
183.71
1
( 2.25)2 = 7.9522
48.452
8+
4 ( 2.25 )
3
Then X =
xA 116.611
=
in.
A
48.452
or X = 2.41 in.
Y =
yA 165.375
=
in.
A
48.452
or Y = 3.41 in.
Z =
zA 183.711
=
in.
48.452
A
or Z = 3.79 in.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 150 mm !
4 (150 )
= 339.7 mm
3
z =0
For 2: y = 180 +
z =
2 ( 96 )
2 ( 96 )
= 241.1 mm
= 61.11 mm
For 3: Length DE =
(180 )2 + ( 96 )2
y = 90 mm,
= 204 mm
z = 48 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y , mm
z , mm
yA, mm3
zA, mm3
339.7
12.005 106
244.1
61.11
10.907 106
2.765 106
90
48
5.508 106
2.938 106
28.420 106
5.702 106
A, mm 2
141.78 103
Then
Y =
yA 28.420 106
=
mm
A
141.78 103
Z =
zA
5.702 106
=
mm
A
141.78 103
or Y = 200 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Y = 40.2 mm !
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
135
13 122 000
168
135
15 377 000
12 356 600
1
( 339 )( 72 ) = 12 204
2
224
294
2 733 700
3 588 000
168
306
20 783 000
37 854 000
1
( 343.63)( 45) = 7731.73
2
224
318
1 731 900
2 458 700
7731.7
224
318
1 731 900
2 458 700
12 204
224
294
2 733 700
3 588 000
91 530
168
135
15 377 000
12 356 600
443 838
60 468 200
87 782 600
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then X =
xA 60 468 200
=
mm
A
443 838
or X = 136.2 mm !
Y =
yA 87 782 600
=
mm
A
443 838
or Y = 197.8 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, in 2
y , in.
z , in.
yA, in 3
zA, in 3
16.2
1.8
29.16
32.4
16.2
1.8
29.16
32.4
97.2
2.7
262.44
1017.876
15.2789
20.72113
15552
21091.54
1017.876
15.2789
20.72113
15552
21091.54
706.858
12.7324
23.2676
9000
16446.9
706.858
12.7324
23.2676
9000
16446.9
1017.876
22.9183
13.08169
23328
13315.54
1769.511
36111.24
22669.6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Therefore
X = 9 in. !
Y =
yA 36111.24
=
A
1769.511
or Y = 20.4 in. !
Z =
zA 22669.6
=
A 1769.511
or Z = 12.81 in. !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
2
A, in 2
x , in.
y , in.
xA, in 3
yA, in 3
( 8 )(12 ) = 96
576
10
128
160
12
42.667
96
( 4 )2
= 8
4 ( 4)
3
16
3
(8)(12 ) = 96
12
576
1152
(8)(12 ) = 96
576
768
42.667
64
Then
2 ( 4)
(8)( 4 ) = 16
( 4 )2
= 8
4 ( 4)
3
16
3
( 4 )(12 ) = 48
10
288
480
( 4 )(12 ) = 48
10
288
480
539.33
1512.6
4287.4
X =
xA 1514.67
=
in. or X = 2.81 in.
A
539.33
Y =
yA 4287.4
=
in. or Y = 7.95 in.
A
539.33
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
yII = yVI = 80 +
zII = zVI =
yIV = 80 +
zIV =
3
( 2 )( 500 )
= 292.2 mm
= 212.2 mm
= 398.3 mm
( 2 )( 500 )
( 4 )( 500 )
AII = AVI =
AIV =
( 4 )( 500 )
= 318.3 mm
( 500 )2
= 196 350 mm 2
yA, mm3
zA, mm3
A, mm 2
y , mm
z , mm
(80)(500) = 40 000
40
250
1.6 106
10 106
II
196 350
292.2
212.2
57.4 106
41.67 106
III
(80)(680) = 54 400
40
500
0.2176 106
27.2 106
IV
534 071
398.3
318.3
212.7 106
170 106
(80)(500) = 40 000
40
250
1.6 106
10 106
VI
196 350
292.2
212.2
57.4 106
41.67 106
332.9 106
300.5 106
1.061 106
X = 340 mm
Z A = zA: Z 1.061 10 mm
) = 300.5 10
or Y = 314 mm
6
mm
or Z = 283 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A,in 2
y ,in.
z , in.
yA, in 3
zA, in 3
(15)(14 ) = 120
1470
1.25
43.75
245
1.25
46.875
1.25
43.75
245
6.5
510.51
21.848
( 5 ) = 78.540
1
2
(1.5 ) = 1.76715
4
( 4 )(12 ) = 48
10
288
480
( 4 )(12 ) = 48
10
288
480
235.43
134.375
1405.79
2
3
13
4 (1.5 )
3
= 12.36348
Then Y =
yA 134.375
=
in.
A
235.43
or Y = 0.571 in.
Z =
zA 1405.79
=
in.
A
235.43
or Z = 5.97 in.
and by symmetry
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 7.50 in.
AB = 950 mm
L, mm
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xL, mm 2
yL, mm 2
zL, mm 2
AB
950
250
375
150
237.5 103
356.25 103
142.5 103
BD
300
500
150
150 103
45 103
DO
500
250
125 103
OA
750
375
281.25 103
2500
512.5 103
637.5 103
187.5 103
Then
X =
xL 512.5 103
=
2500
L
or X = 205 mm
Y =
yL 637.5 103
=
2500
L
or Y = 255 mm
Z =
zL 187.5 103
=
L
2500
or Z = 75 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
2
3
4
L, mm
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xL, mm 2
yL, mm 2
zL, mm 2
300
280
260
0
140
230
150
0
0
0
0
120
0
39 200
59 800
45 000
0
0
0
0
31 200
3 2 300 360
=
5
600
480
54 000
90 000
72 000
153 000
135 000
103 200
( 300 ) = 150
1311.24
Then
X =
xL 153 000
=
L 1311.24
or X = 116.7 mm
Y =
yL 135 000
=
L 1311.24
or Y = 103.0 mm
Z =
zL 103 200
=
L 1311.24
or Z = 78.7 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
L,ft
x , ft
y ,ft
xL, ft 2
yL,ft 2
10
4cos 45 = 2.8284
28.284
50
10
4cos 45 = 2.8284
28.284
50
12.5465
157.664
2 ( 4)
10
32
125.664
2 ( 4)
12.5465
16
78.832
51.416
104.568
462.16
=
=
Then
X =
xL 104.568
=
L
51.416
or
Y =
yL 462.16
=
L
51.416
or Y = 8.99 ft
and by symmetry:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 2.03 ft
Z = 3.00 ft
To simplify the calculations replace:
(a) The two rectangular sides with an element of length
L(a) = 2 2 ( 7 ft ) + 2 ( 5 ft ) = 48 ft
and center of gravity at (3.5 ft, 2.5 ft, 3 ft)
(b) The two semicircular members with an element of length
Lb = 2 ( 3 ft ) = 6 ft
23
Lc = 2 ( 6 ft ) = 12 ft
and with center of gravity at ( 2 ft, 5 ft, 3 ft )
(d) This leaves a single straight piece of pipe, labeled (d) in the figure.
Now for the centroid of the frame:
L,ft
x , ft
y ,ft
xL, ft 2
yL,ft 2
(a)
48
3.5
2.5
(b)
6 = 18.8496
6.9099
168
37.699
120
130.249
(c)
(d)
12
6
85.850
2
7
5
5
24
42
271.70
60
30
340.25
Then
X =
xL 271.70
=
L
84.850
or
Y =
yL 340.25
=
L
84.850
or Y = 4.01 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 3.20 ft
xI =
5
2
( 0.5 in.) = 0.3125 in., WI = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( 0.5 in )3 = 0.009791 lb
8
3
xII = 1.6 in. + 0.5 in. = 2.1 in. WII = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( )( 0.5 in ) ( 3.2 in.) = 0.093996 lb
2
xIII = 3.7 in. 1 in. = 2.7 in., WIII = 0.0374 lb/in 3 ( 0.12 in ) ( 2 in.) = 0.000846 lb
4
2
2
xIV = 7.3 in. 2.8 in. = 4.5 in., WIV = 0.284 lb/in 3 ( 0.12 in ) ( 5.6 in ) = 0.017987 lb
4
xV = 7.3 in. +
1
( 0.4 in.) = 7.4 in., WV = 0.284 lb/in 3 ( 0.06 in )2 ( 0.4 in.) = 0.000428 lb
4
3
Have
W , lb
x , in.
xW , in lb
0.009791
0.3125
0.003060
II
0.093996
2.1
0.197393
III
0.000846
2.7
0.002284
IV
0.017987
4.5
0.080942
0.000428
7.4
0.003169
0.12136
0.28228
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or X = 2.33 in.
) (
) (
) (
) (
Then X =
m, kg
x , mm
xm, kg mm
0.0108372
0.075860
0.0142942
0.100059
0.0135717
0.040715
0.027489
0.137445
0.066192
0.35408
xm
0.35408
or
=
0.066192
m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
X = 5.35 mm
Assume that the stone is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume
and locate the center of gravity.
To determine the centroid of the truncated pyramid note that:
3
1
y1 = (1.4 m ) = 1.05 m, and
V1 = ( 0.3 m )( 0.3 m )(1.4 m ) = 0.042 m3
4
3
y2 =
3
( 0.7 m ) = 0.525 m, and
4
V2 =
1
( 0.15 m )( 0.15 m )( 0.7 m ) = 0.00525 m3
3
3
3
yV (1.05 m ) 0.042 m + ( 0.525 m ) 0.00525 m
y=
=
V
0.03675 m3
= 1.12500 m
The center of gravity of the stone is therefore 0.425 m (i.e. 1.125 m 0.7m) above the base.
Now to determine the center of gravity of the marker:
(
)(
)(
)
= ( 7860 kg/m )( 9.81 m/s ) ( 0.3 m )( 0.3 m ) h = ( 6939.6 h ) N
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then
ymar ker =
0.3 m =
yW
, or
W
h 2 + 0.6 h 0.033378 = 0.
Solving for h and discarding the negative root, this gives h = 0.051252 m, or
h = 50 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Since the brass plates are equally spaced and by the symmetry of the cylinder:
X =Y =0!
y1 = 4 in.
outside diameter: 2.5 in.
Inside diameter: 2.5 in. 2 ( 0.25 in.) = 2.00 in.
( 2.5
2.02 8 = 14.137 in 3
Volume:
V1 =
Weight:
)(
8
2.667 in.
3
1
Volume: V2 = ( 8 )( 4 )( 0.2 ) = 3.2 in 3
2
y2 =
)(
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Y =
yW 23.892 in. lb
=
= 3.437 in.
W
6.952 lb
Y = 3.437 in. !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r 2 = a 2 x 2 and then
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 so that
dV = a 2 x 2 dx
Component 1
a/2
x3
a/2
V1 = 0 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 x
3 0
and
11 3
a
24
a/2
2
2
1 xEL dV = 0 x ( a x ) dx
a/2
x2 x4
= a 2
4 0
2
=
Now
7
a4
64
7
11
x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a3 =
a4
24
64
or x1 =
Component 2
a
x3
a
V2 = a /2 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 x
3 a/2
a3 2 a
2
= a ( a ) a
3 2
( a2 )
3
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
21
a!
88
5
a3
24
and
a
x
a/2
2 xELdV =
x2 x4
a x dx = a 2
4 a/2
2
2
2
4
a ) 2 a2
(
2 (a)
a
= a
2
4
2
9
=
a4
64
( )
Now
( a2 )
9
5
x2V2 = 2 xELdV : x2 a3 =
a4
24
64
or x2 =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
27
a!
40
a2 2
h x 2 and then
2
h
dV =
a2 2
h x 2 dx
2
h
Component 1
h/2
V1 = 0
=
and
a2 2
a2
2
=
h
x
dx
h2
h2
h/2
2
x3
h x
3 0
11 2
a h
24
h/2 a
2
2
x
dV
x
=
1 EL
0 h 2 h x dx
h/2
a2 x2 x4
= 2 h2
4 0
h 2
7
a 2h 2
64
7
11
x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a 2h =
a 2h 2
24
64
=
Now
or x1 =
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
21
h!
88
Component 2
h
V2 = h/2
a2 2
a2 2
x3
2
h
x
dx
h
x
3 h/2
h2
h2
h
h) 2 h
a 2 2
(
2
h
= 2 h ( h )
3 2
3
h
5
a 2 h
=
24
()
and
a2
h
2
2
2 xELdV = h/2 x h2 ( h x ) dx
a2
h2
2 x2 x4
4 h/2
2
2
4
h ) 2 h2
(
a2 2 ( h )
h
= 2 h
2
4
2
h
9
=
a 2h 2
64
( )
Now
( h2 )
9
5
x2V2 = 2 xEL dV : x2 a 2h =
a 2h 2
24
64
or x2 =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
27
h!
40
x=h
r2 =
h 2
y so that
a2
a2
( h x ) and then
h
dV =
a2
( h x ) dx
h
Component 1
h/2
V1 = 0
a2
( h x ) dx
h
h/2
a2
x2
= hx
h
2 0
=
and
3 2
a h
8
a2
a2
=
h
=
Now
h/2
1 xELdV = 0 x h ( h x ) dx
h/2
x 2 x3
h
3 0
2
1
a 2h 2
12
1
3
x1V1 = 1 xEL dV : x1 a 2h = a 2h 2
8
12
or x1 =
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2
h!
9
Component 2
h
V2 = h/2
a2
a2
x2
( h x ) dx = hx
2 h/2
h
h
h) h
(
a2
= h (h)
h
2 2
h
1
= a 2 h
8
( h2 )
and
a2
a 2 x 2 x3
h
2 xEL dV = h/2 x h ( h x ) dx = h h 2 3
h/2
2
2
3
h ) h2
(
a2 ( h )
h
=
h
3 2
h 2
1
=
a 2h 2
12
( )
Now
x2V2 =
( h2 )
2
2 2
2 xEL dV : x2 8 a h = 12 a h
or x2 =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2
h!
3
y = 0!
z = 0!
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx.
Then
dV = r 2dx, xEL = x
x2
Now r = b1 2 so that
a
x2
dV = b 1 2 dx
a
Then
a
b 2 1
0
x2
2x2 x4
a
2 dx = 0 b 2 1 2 + 4 dx
a
a
a
V =
2 x3
x5
= b x 2 + 4
3a
5a
0
2 1
= ab 2 1 +
3 5
8
= ab 2
15
and
2x2 x4
a
2
1
x
dV
b
x
=
+ 4 dx
EL
0
a2
a
x2 2x4
x6
= b
2 + 4
4a
6a
2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 1 1
= a 2b 2 +
2 2 6
=
Then
1 2 2
a b
6
1
8
xV = xEL dV : x ab 2 = a 2b 2
15
16
or x =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
15
a!
6
z = 0
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and
thickness dx.
Then
dV = r 2dx, xEL = x
Now r = 1
1
so that
x
2
dV = 1 dx
x
2
1
= 1 + 2 dx
x
x
Then
2
1
1
3
V = 1 1 + 2 dx = x 2 ln x
x
x 1
x
1
1
= 3 2 ln3 1 2 ln 1
3
1
= ( 0.46944 ) m 3
and
x2
2
1
1 + 2 dx = 2 x + ln x
x x
2
1
3
x
1
x EL dV =
32
13
= 2 ( 3) + ln 3 2 (1) + ln1
2
2
= (1.09861 ) m
Now
xV = x EL dV : X 0.46944 m 3 = 1.09861 m 4
or x = 2.34 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
First, by symmetry:
x =a!
y =0!
Next determine the constants k in y = kx1/3 :
x = a, b = ka1/3 or k =
At
b
a1/3
b 1/3
a
x , or x = 3 y 3
1/3
a
b
Choosing horizontal disks of thickness dy for volume elements ( dV in the figure above)
Therefore, y =
2
b
V = 0 a 2 ( a x )
= 0 2ax x 2 dy
a
a2
b
= 0 2a 3 y 3 6 y 6 dy
b
b
a2
1
1 1
5
= 3 2 y 4 3 y 7 = a 2b
4
7 0 14
b
b
1
yELdV , or
V
14 b a 2 3 a 2 6
y=
y 2 y b6 y dy
5 a 2b 0 b3
Now y =
14
y5
1 y8
= 4 2
3
5
5b
b 8
0
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y=
77
b!
100
y =0!
z = 0!
xEL = x, and
dV = y 2dx, or
dV = h 2 cos 2
x
2a
dx
1
(1 + cos 2 x ) , this gives
2
1 2
x
h 1 + cos dx.
2
a
Then:
V = dV =
h2
x
h2
a
x
1
a
1
cos
dx
x + sin
+
=
= h 2a.
0
2
a
2
a 0 2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Also,
xELdV =
=
h2
a
x + x cos
0
2
a
h 2 x 2
a
a
x
x
sin
sin
+
2 2 0
a
a 0
h 2 a 2
2 2
a
a
x a
x
sin
+
cos
x
a 0
h 2 a 2
a
2a 1 2 2
4
+ 0 0
= a h 1 2
2 2
Now,
x=
1
2 1 2 2
4
xEL dV =
a h 1 2 , or
2
V
h a 4
x=
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
4
a 1 2 !
2
Choosing the volume element shown in the figure, i.e. a cylindrical shell of radius r, height h and
thickness dr:
yEL =
1
y,
2
and
dV = 2 ry dr = 2 r cos
dr , and
2a
r
a
V = dV = 2 h 0 r cos
dr , or, integrating by parts
2a
a
V = 2 h
2a
r
r
r sin
dr
sin
2a
2a 0
a
r 2a
r
cos
= 4ah r sin
+
2
a
2a 0
2a
2
2
= 4ah a
= 4a h 1
Also,
a
2
2
yEL dV = h 0 r cos
h 2 1
r
2a
dr =
h2
r 1 + cos a dr
2 0
a
a
r
r
=
+
sin
r sin
dr
r
2 2 0
a
a 0
2
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h 2 1
a
a
r a
r
2
+
+
a
r
sin
cos
2 2
a
a 0
h2 1
2a 1 2 2
4
a
2
a + 0 + 0
= a h 1 2
4
2 2
Now,
y=
1
yEL dV =
V
1 2 2
1
4
a h 1 2 , or
2
4a 2 h 1
y=
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
+ 2)
h!
16
Abase = kb 2
where k = k ( N ) ; see note below. Using similar triangles, have
s
h y
=
b
h
or
s=
b
(h y)
h
Then
dV = Aslicedy = ks 2dy = k
and
V = 0 k
=
Also
b2
2
h y ) dy
2(
h
h
b2
b2 1
2
3
h
y
dy
k
=
(h y)
(
)
h2
h 2 3
0
1 2
kb h
3
yEL = y
b2 h
h b
2
so then y EL dV = 0 y k 2 ( h y ) dy = k 2 0 h 2 y 2hy 2 + y 3 dy
h
h
2
1
1 2 2
b2 1
kb h
= k 2 h 2 y 2 hy 3 + y 4 =
3
4 0 12
h 2
Now
1 2 2
1
yV = y EL dV : y kb 2h =
kb h
3
12
or y =
Note:
1
Abase = N b
2
N
=
b2
4 tan N
= k ( N ) b2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
b
2
tan N
1
h Q.E.D.
4
dA = 2 rds = 2 ( R sin ) Rd
= 2 R 2 sin d
yEL = y = R cos
2
3
yEL dA = 0 ( R cos ) ( 2 R sin d ) = 2 R 0 cos sin d
= 2 R3 cos 2 = R3 1 cos 2
2
Then,
y=
1
1
3
2
yEL dA = 2 R 2 1 cos R 1 cos , or
A
(
)
y=
R
(1 + cos )
2
Using
cos =
y=
Rh
h
=1 :
R
R
R
h
h
1 + 1 = R
R
2
2
h h
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0!
z = 0!
for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be
treated as a shell; the center of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the
centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl, an element of area is
obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y axis. Then
dAwall = ( 2 R sin )( Rd )
and
Then
and
( yEL ) wall
= R cos
/2
/2
/2
= /6 ( R cos ) 2 R 2 sin d
= R3 cos 2
/2
/6
3
= R3
4
R2,
By observation
Abase =
Now
y A = yA
or
or
ybase =
3
R
2
3
3
y 3R 2 + R 2 = R3 + R 2
R
4
4
4 2
y = 0.48763R
R = 350 mm
y = 170.7 mm !
(b) Punch
First note that symmetry implies
x = 0!
z = 0!
and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will
coincide with the centroid of the corresponding volume. Choose as the
element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy. Then
dV = x 2dy, yEL = y
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x2 + y 2 = R2
Now
so that
0
V =
Then
dV = R 2 y 2 dy
R 2 y 2 dy = R 2 y
3/2 R
1 3
y
3
3/2 R
3
3 1
3 3
= R 2
R
R = 3R3
2 3 2 8
and
yELdV =
y R 2 y 2 ) dy =
3/2 R ( ) (
1 2 2 1 4
R y y
4
2
3/2 R
1
3
1
3
15
= R 2
R
R = R4
2 2
4 2
64
Now
or
15
3
yV = yEL dV : y 3 R3 = R 4
64
8
y =
5
8 3
R = 350 mm
y = 126.3 mm !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
3
1
ft = a, or a = ft
12
4
5
1
1
ft = ft + b ( 30 ft ) , or b =
12
4
180
6
1
1
ft = ft + c ( 50 ft ) , or c =
12
4
200
Therefore:
1
1
1
y = ft
x
z
4
180
200
Now
x dV
x = EL
V
dV = y dxdz,
or
dV =
1
1
1
x+
z dx dz, and
1 +
4
45
50
xEL = x
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then
50 30
xEL dV = 0 0 4 1 + 45 x + 50 z dx dz
30
1 50 x 2
1 3
z 2
= 0
+
x +
x dz
4 2 135
100 0
1 50
( 650 + 9 z ) dz
4 0
1
9
650 z + z 2
4
2 0
50
= 10937.5 ft 4
V dV = 0 0
1
1
x+
z dx dz
1 +
4
45
50
30
1 50
1 2
z
= 0 x +
x +
x dz
4
90
50 0
1 50
3
40 + z dz
0
4
5
50
1
3 2
= 40 z +
z
4
10 0
= 687.50 ft 3
Then
x dV 10937.5ft 4
x = EL
=
= 15.9091 ft
V
687.5 ft 3
Therefore:
V = 688 ft 3 W
x = 15.91 ft W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Choosing the element of volume shown, i.e. a filament of sides, y, dx, and dz:
dV = y dx dy, and
z EL = z
x
z
b a
V = dV = 0 0 y0 y1 y2 dx dz
a
b
b
y x
0 0
x2
zx
1
a
b
y1
y2 dz = 0 y0a y1a y2 z dz
b 0
b
2a
2
1
a z2
1
1
= y0az y1az y2
= y0 y1 y2 ab
b 2 0
2
2
2
xz
z2
dx dz
b a
zEL dV = 0 0 y0 z y1 a y2 b
b
y zx
0 0
x2 z
z2x
za
z 2a
b
y1
y2
y2
dz
dz = 0 y0 za y1
b 0
b
2a
2
z 2a
z 2a
z 3a
1
1 2
1
= y0
y1
y2
= y0 y1 y2 ab
2
4
3b 0 2
4
3
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Now,
z =
1
1
1
1
1
z EL dV =
y0 y1 y2 ab 2 , or
1
1 2
4
3
V
y0 y1 y2 ab
2
2
1
1
1
y0 y1 y2
2
4
3 b
z =
1
1
y0 y1 y2
2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width 2x, thickness dz, and height y. Then
1
dV = 2 xy dz, yEL = y, zEL = z
2
h
h
h
z
Now
and
y =
z = 1
x = a2 z2
2 2a
2
a
z
dV = h a 2 z 2 1 dz
So
Then
V =
=
=
Then
a
h
0
z
1 2
1
z
a z 1 dz = h z a 2 z 2 + a 2 sin 1 +
a z2
a
a 3a
2
2
3/2
1 2 1
a h sin (1) sin 1 ( 1)
2
a 2h
h
z
a 1
2
2
yELdV = a 2 2 1 a h a z 1
z
dz
a
h2 a
z
z2
2
2
a
z
+
1
2
dz
a a 2
4 a
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h2
4
1
2 2
2
2
2
1 z
a z2
z a z + a sin +
a
a
2
3
1 z
+ 2 a2 z 2
a 4
3
2
3
2
a2 z 2
a4
z
+
a z 2 + sin 1
8
8
a
a
5h 2a 2 1
sin (1) sin 1 ( 1)
32
a2
yV = yEL dV : y
2
Then
5h 2a 2
h =
( )
32
or y =
and
5
h
16
z
a
2
2
zELdV = a z h a z 1 a dz
1
= h a 2 z 2
3
3
2
1 z
a 2 z 2
a 4
3
2
a2z 2
a 4 1 z
+
a z2 +
sin
8
8
a
a3h 1
sin (1) sin 1 ( 1)
a 2h
a 3h
zV = z EL dV : z
=
8
2
or z =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a
4
A, mm 2
1
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
x , mm
y , mm
21 22 = 462
1.5
11
693
5082
1
( 6 )( 9 ) = 27
2
162
54
1
( 6 )(12 ) = 36
2
288
72
567
4956
399
Then
X =
xA 567 mm 3
=
A
399 mm 2
or X = 1.421 mm
and
Y =
yA 4956 mm 3
=
A
399 mm 2
or Y = 12.42 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A, in 2
1
2
1
(10)(15) = 50
3
(15)2
= 176.71
x , in.
y , in.
xA, in 3
yA, in 3
4.5
7.5
225
375
6.366
16.366
1125
2892
226.71
1350
3267
X A = x A
Then
X 226.71 in 2 = 1350 in 3
or X = 5.95 in.
Y A = y A
and
Y 226.71 in 2 = 3267 in 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Y = 14.41 in.
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
L, mm
y , mm
xL, mm 2
yL, mm 2
80.50
40.25
16
12
14
192
224
21
1.5
22
31.50
462
16
14
144
224
4.5
48.67
32.45
111.32
982.7
Then
122 + 62 = 13.416
x , mm
62 + 92 = 10.817
77.233
X L = x L
or X = 1.441 mm
Y L = y L
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Y = 12.72 mm
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie
on a vertical line through C. Further, because the wire is homogeneous,
its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding
line.
Thus M C = 0, which implies that x = 0
or
xi Li = 0
Hence
L
( L ) + ( 4 in.)(8 in.) + ( 4 in.)(10 in.) = 0
2
or
L2 = 144 in 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or L = 12.00 in.
x = a, y = h : h = ka3
Then
x=
h
a3
k =
or
a 1/3
y
h1/3
dA = xdy
Now
=
xEL =
h
A = dA = 0
Then
a 1/3
y dy
h1/3
1
1 a 1/3
x=
y , yEL = y
2
2 h1/ 3
a 1/3
3 a
y dy =
y 4/3
4 h1/3
h1/3
( )
=
0
3
ah
4
h
a 3 7/3
3 2
a 1/3
yEL dA = y h1/3 y dy = h1/3 7 y = 7 ah
0
h
0
Hence
3 2
3
xA = xEL dA : x ah =
a h
4
10
x =
2
a
5
3 3
yA = yEL dA: y ah = ah 2
4 7
y =
4
h
7
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
For
2b = ka 2
y1 at x = a, y = 2b
or k =
2b
a2
2b 2
x
a2
Then
y1 =
By observation
y2 =
b
x
( x + 2b) = b 2
a
a
xEL = x
Now
and for 0 x a :
1
b
y1 = 2 x 2
2
a
and
dA = y1dx =
1
b
x
y2 = 2
2
2
a
and
dA = y2dx = b 2 dx
a
yEL =
2b 2
x dx
a2
For a x 2a :
yEL =
Then
A = dA = 0
2b 2
x
2a
x dx + a b 2 dx
2
a
a
2a
a
2
a
2b x3
x
7
= 2 + b 2 = ab
a
2
6
a 3 0
and
x
a 2b 2
2a
xEL dA = 0 x a 2 x dx + a x b 2 a dx
2a
2 x3
2b x 4
+ b x
2
3a 0
a 4 0
1 2
1 2
2
2
3
2a ( a )
a b + b ( 2a ) ( a ) +
3a
7 2
ab
6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( )
x
x
a b 2 2b 2
2a b
yEL dA = 0 a 2 x a 2 x dx + 0 2 2 a b 2 a dx
2a
a
3
2b 2 x5
b2 a
x
= 4 +
2
2 3
a
a 5 0
a
17 2
=
ab
30
Hence
7 7
xA = xEL dA: x ab = a 2b
6 6
7 17 2
yA = yEL dA: y ab =
ab
6 30
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x =a
y =
17
b
35
V = 2 xA = 2xA = 2 ( x1 A1 + x2 A2 )
1 1 1 1
3 2R sin 30o
o
2
= 2 R R
R +
cos 30 R
2 3
6
3 2 2 2
R3
R3 3 3
= 2
+
R3
=
8
16 3 2 3
=
Since
3 3
3
(12 in.) = 3526.03 in 3
8
1 gal = 231 in 3
V =
3526.03 in 3
= 15.26 gal
231 in 3/gal
V = 15.26 gal
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
Then
1
( 3 ft )( 200 lb/ft ) = 300 lb
2
Fx = 0: Ax = 0
By = 1233.3 lb
B = 1233 lb
A = 867 lb
Ay = 866.7 lb
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Have
Then
RI =
1
( 4 m )( 2000 kN/m ) = 2667 N
3
RII =
1
( 2 m )(1000 kN/m ) = 666.7 N
3
Fx = 0: Ax = 0
Fy = 0: Ay 2667 N 666.7 N = 0
or
Ay = 3334 N
A = 3.33 kN
M A = 6334 N m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
M A = 6.33 kN m
Have
Now
P=
1
1
Ap = A ( d )
2
2
M A = 0:
( 9 ft ) T
d
P=0
3
( 9 ft ) ( 0.2 ) ( 40 103 lb )
d max 1
3
(12 ft ) ( d max ) 62.4 lb/ft d max = 0
3 2
or
3
216 103 ft 3 = 374.4 d max
or
3
d max
= 576.92 ft 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d max = 8.32 ft
x , in.
I
II
V , in 3
(4)(3.6)(0.75) = 10.8
(2.4)(2.0)(0.6) = 2.88
2.0
3.7
0.375
1.95
21.6
10.656
4.05
5.616
III
4.2
2.15
1.0688
0.54711
1.2
0.375
0.7068
0.22089
32.618
9.9922
IV
y , in.
xV , in 4
yV , in 4
X V = x V
Have
X 13.3454 in 3 = 32.618 in 4
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or X = 2.44 in.
zV = 22.5
4 ( 6.25 )
3
= 19.85 mm
AV =
( 6.25)2
= 61.36 mm 2
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
z , mm
xA, mm3
yA, mm3
zA, mm3
12.5
30
18 750
45 000
II
(12.5)( 60 ) = 750
25
6.25
30
18 750
4687.5
22 500
III
( 7.5)( 60 ) = 450
28.75
12.5
30
12 937.5
5625
13 500
IV
(12.5 )( 30 ) = 375
10
37.5
3750
14 062.5
61.36
10
19.85
613.6
1218.0
2263.64
46 074
10 313
65 720
Have
X A = xA
X 2263.64 mm 2 = 46 074 mm 3
Y A = yA
Y 2263.64 mm 2 = 10 313 mm 3
or X = 20.4 mm
or Y = 4.55 mm
Z A = zA
Z 2263.64 mm 2 = 65 720 mm 3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or Z = 29.0 mm