tnt Apps Aes corarreng Responding to globalization ‘The development of book translations in France and the Netherlands Johan Heilbron Cen de acllgsearopécane(CNRS-CSE, Pa, asus Utes Rte, Netbelands Introduction According tothe ouning pine of Descriptive Tanto Suda tnlations ‘ted 1 be stad nthe conte in which hey are roduc and pled, ta thin thet tecture (Even Zar 195 Tory 195), Whe thi approach it Uren een elaortd nt nd iced ont rl spect a ceed paper atenton Numero is ipl tht arg cite are mare or est ‘ttonomons carl sytem operating in ad for there ahr than yee abe in larger st of ranational rations. Tes lon andthe resling Awe of tet, det snd people cn be underioad a wel sytem, wih arse ‘ets iar to that ofan econo, pole or ngage te cn level (Wate 1975-1988; De Swan 20) weap the siiance ach a ablconfgtion othe understanding of ration patos, we cn argue that signi ‘Sor fears of ure cats dese oto mac rom te inrins properties bat Pea spect ption with the wed sytem of anion, Doman a tages cae langunge up tends havc tandtn ratios compel 0s setian anguage’ and nore peripheral langage group Wecan sete cre Yess ‘per secur of the worl ste oftaaaton expan te uneven Bows of ‘Rua fewer langage group a wo athe varyingroe of anata win Janguge pos Heron 199, 2002) hans tht enpnse to changin be word ster wil ay cording the poston within at yt Ths sponses obo nd tobe ‘geno of Hah my dp importers cost developed cose tte aloe 2h etary he roth in taste books (spel fom Eg Thi as ancompaned increasing rose Borde roby The nl apparent xepions heros dint pone the United Stes and he United Kingdom yal, ‘sient acres ternal iw raslatinraiohustaken place nthe eeatos anc th end of Wort War I we compare the ase of Franc, co rth scent anguage and radoally presi: culture abc sent n ene wth het ofthe Nebel mall em pei and iteration oe ‘tnd coy ne observe diferent sre n responding othe supremacy of Eo {it Ia bth cums te number ftranatins hs saline in the scond tarot centr andy the majo ofthese trations te om Engi Te the Netherland tre ou of four tated books caret fom Engin Franc the proportion not ch er ih wo oat fee thre trans be atm tage Homevethrelsennresngdergaceintsations rom ote input Te namier af tnatons fom Dtch i rench and from reach into Dik hs dondoped in appt destin Book tattoos fro French have de “nd inte Nettands sce the 180 or ofan thats ough compart {ota of German The hepmony of Englsk bas incesingly maria oth a rane the onlyons na peston compet with Engl. In France, th oppose bs eo Nor ony a the mbes af tansasons fm Dutch increased, but heir ‘pelts realy proved wean Dutch eratarcarreniejys acral ae Tim unrest sto The nl document his denopment nd arg at bth tendencies can Be derstood os eget rates to cope wih the ering dominance of Ens and Ag enrol fn Prac he wierd poll and clara ese with CB Romaine har ned eet in fel iterate a leer. 28 ‘eet tats tote tlinewth the county’tradica a ret eration, and Feral wh nent sense fs mison csi. The Needs dos nt TONE Ncw of tonal ideatity diners odestatn,Tranaton tats tvs ther indiestore that gl Arescncuara cloniation by abd ‘gS for grated andi oly rey an oe fyb debt. The compare aad peated bree ple fr tulle of raron fom bros, occSrintrinepoperties bat srainascompured less plain the uneven Nowe of oe anlatins within ead ster il vary ac ‘ogbalston andto tie vost developed cunresin soks (pec rom Eg onl aparet xen Intel Kingdom. Tp obs taen lice inthese cote ei somewhat 0 ral ad nernaonaly ot othe sapeemsey of Pag ly ocean the second ination ae rom gl, ‘aren fn Eng In ‘very tre teaation be a rant ober cock and ren Pech to thai roghty compari say argo sh a Dutch cena, bt thee snely enjoys cua ac tbs tendenles canbe torianc of agian ‘Tanda woes eth igniter and lesen a8 fe petlierary tion and The Netherlands doesnot fualcolniatons by end Ueda The comparative rom broader oc al penpective (Helron and Sip 2002, n pes) anf reser ateton tothe poston oftagel cure win the wold stem andthe pula sates hse poston grctte Translations and the Detch book market [As the Neteands lately sal cause surrounded by dre major powers (Frans Germany spd Rngand, clr impos have aay played 4 nica, ven donate Naina eles kav traonaly deine! ecco ‘foreign models an receptor inence fe viewed atonal i {he Contrary to rechchavintnerEglh ina th Doth tional pies ‘wed on ne being atonal, The readies o adapt clanging nero ie cmstncerit ed a recondition formato survival Pll nd cara pac ‘cei the Netherlands ed tlw nthe ee of hint internatoal nance ‘ofpomer. ised ofeiting clr! domination internat a, we dpa Sed internal Thispatern ofadapabtynhtorcl soca within nd ommec, and ‘more gene characteritc ofthe plicalstans oem Weer ene races (Katrentln 1985). alo apparent in the cult ed aod ore pric [inthe development ofthe book mre. Bok produto inthe Ntherans ha ad continuous growth eof the 2h centr! Grow a sgt daring the thre decades lowing World War I which wee yea of sane eonom Competition rom ew mela such ead and tson heal book prodicien ‘morethan doe in 35 ering rom oer 0 tein 146 tov 14.000 {900 apart fom the increasing ernd do population th and ing ee ‘hooligan pacing power. expansion oth book het wal muted ying pie cased the ntodactionof paperback OFenpobied nara sels petals made books acessblto ager groups the poplin changing the pba aster, Reprints of previa published harks Became more mt smeout and, inno paperbck ein tation wee partir inporian The proportion of andtions inthe ations Bok rodicton, bth pis nd nets cine fom shout 5 fal pied boksin 16 ney Ps road 200 I the nee paperback seis cn arty expan thing growth, the growth in trandtions assorted to nasi internation] mit and nears Spare end he Bs 186-200) hee pated peu obeyvans, okie though ne Marsal Pan nd Wester lance NATO ae ‘he Euopean Union The proving sumer oe rasan nome he poston of trates whichin tr eafnedthe tanned The depen of te posta Dut alton aio deates two periods of clin nto pte froth The est deli, beeen 1966 a 1972, “Sincidd with an vergrducton rae the paperback boom. Seer pusing anes pedaling operbasks went Dnkrap wee ters retrctred th pb Tshing rogram in roo ew nd mre pale ype of paperback the gant peal Wen Voor 97) The ena perio of deine bere 98D and 19, as tote profound Following the sno downtura atte ed of 197s and the eg sing athe tin the beck wae underwent a total raormaton, cangng frm steady grog matt ino cyl oe Daring the comic cri ofthe seh when unemployment each peak 14% the Book mat hrarkand thea ‘bok rutin fl ay 20% wna ew yar. Around 190 the file produ tlnstarted once again ecg highs 1985, but espe thit economic boom, nal bck production ecteased ogni 195, The less partic the ‘Si oftonts sted es General books (tine fom Bdoatonal and Sin Books), cof this pater By 200th total abe of Gener books od was 18% Tovetnntabeen 25 yeurarer (Van aeuven 201) lhcgh nial inked fheeconmi ceunstanees he daar eyo the book macht ha sneered prima fom compen fom new mea he commercial eevson (abla tte an the pera computer he nero and gues). Tse mask yams meu the wo dpe daring the postwar period the deepen ofthe tesa ‘Sonata The fi pero ofdelne wath otcomefarpecicoerroduction iss, like othe preva paperback boon The second on athe ening othe 198s, srs prof the more seuctura tanformation othe ook buses: te number ‘Raped dined sles were in dls eit rao inibed ‘el Tissoneof the esplnaion forte temporary denen fe tanltion rai Tous th signe ofthe tration ratio one mutant acount hey eatin ay ileret sole inthe varios eaegresofbooks. Dich book Socatts hee a cnsgeton stem debuting books oer 2 categorie. Some of Thc capri reso cosy Wouod fo atonal ale andres that thee ae ‘wale tsltons (etl books, gl pobetons, pli and ic st) Te gori howevertrnltion ae ri nthe cago of Pros them yf publ books re tations 70% in 2002) Ley work proper ison ‘into ut ofthis eatery wich donated by popular ar high erations feavn nner tsp detected ence eo. Aer roe, ay ‘Zaneonarecegoried a Chess or oath books nln comics (40 tans Inns). Othe eateries whee trndatone ae proportional important are Regions ‘ok (95) itr ties (208) and Tchalogy 20) he diret sear: language cn esr aa ndexioe fhe utr apt fhe nga ropa qusion and ie courry’peaingpo-cluraloretaton,allan ike NATO and ‘ipeovedthe poston of Indes tw period of Boom Sor peblsing ssi th pa ‘papain hepa ps Toto and thea ranformatn, hanging te ccmome io he ‘matt shrek lth san 19D tet pro ‘pets economic boom $gurcs npr the Scant See sero ws 6% gh ina kee concathnsine fired stkison ete and at 1a mt Symi Crepe Se ening oft 58 Chases the mmber prin et iiss “softoks, Duco sl esc em) crm rok pope ony nigh meri ng comics tran DyinporanareRelgous fim he cara cpl cpp clon. certain angange ter the tal umber of uansatons we dtngush four lngune {oop nglah, German, rnc, and Other Langage). rednt tht, rename ‘he shar of wanton rom Engl as increased nel 6 (1946) 107% (0907) In pt asa nated consequene of the growth tants from Eg the percentage ote therthres ngage rupee dain However problem wih hs mode a resent dats that indigenosbooks ate et outa the ‘Suton, rigging eition azo rim gue Traneatonscompetent cay ‘th her tations but also wi boo nthe nate language I would be mare {curate cla the proportion of randaions fom the ar angie groupe ar tentg the total namie ofbeoks Dutch books then bse prt fhe enpe "on The pater hat emerge (ce gure) dlrs varios esptl roathe co inan mod of preston Instead oan ovr declination from ngage ‘he thn Eng there en igh uneven bt general growth of teatoes nap proiately 1980 Growth wa obvioly one for Engl rations, which ‘Sone rm ater languages al cened. Geran rains expended fom 14% (05466 (1980), rnc nts fom 002.7190) nd rnation from Ober Languages rent op ror 2002.6 (1980) PPL LIPESEIPPStan tien ‘Although Bgl ged an enormous aang ver toners Doo as lations fom German, Fach ad ther language sk injrwed th bare. Tran lon daring hae decades were the whale ores rath were Dutch books Frm 19769 1986 ding te eomomic dwar, is trendwas reverse Thre ma toner elie tants ren Gettan dened rom 57% (1978) 348 (1997), {elation rm Pench om 27% (1980 to 7 (1957) rations frm Ober Lan. fer om 2.68198) 2.16 (1997) Br whe ven ramon om Engh de ‘esd lig fn 151% (196) 0 14.2% (1986) ut gla eas holy ng {haere om 19860 1997 share nese ute fn oer 4% 021% The coresponng data na able forthe eros 97, Compare ds, nove canbe oti fom the Royal ibeary The Hage laugh he gre {cles sletve than thse wc or the pid 1946-1987 hey nambipaoal con firm he stovementowd tends, During the year 190-200, tralatons fom Eng [hha intense bot in bot ambes un proportion ofthe tal namber ‘foo fom mow 10 tule 3 (Van Rows 200) Te dese in asaions from Penh stonger tan the previo ced data nde (en 29 0165), trl tom Geran remain alent umber bt eres proporsonali (om 3 to 28) whe trnsations fom other langage nese sie Put ‘ecrburemain proportionally stable arn ofthe satnal bok proton ‘nthe basis oft analyse telat he economic crs afhe19KOsbad slur component Pie ot period the sar of trations rm ach ofthe four language groups bad increased ara proportion ofthe ero books published. English sy far the et sport fregn langage be shares of German and Frenchainreied,Aferthcriiothe 180s, scuba erenttion seers the {ako place: publisher fre increased te proportion of anions rm Eg il inihing aos om Peachand German Sc thes tists concer ‘Mesegories ofbooks not just tear nation, theepanation mat be ely {ener The 1980 and 199s were period of mportan gerne hie European Seaton aclratd and the anteponiom beta Wester democracies and Com mun sate first wekened and ten npr, ing the US athe ont sper ower Heth octave inns hero oon nglsh While this [viento palatine theo Cmmunisn tsi the csr Faropean integration, Teer lay ftanguagesin the aropesn son srenghene heal feralinga rnc fr which Engh asthe et cect Aba Je Swann de stata anya Eopean langage ste tenor langage be mo nga (DeSean 201, Chap Dutch translations inthe French book market Considering the cae of Dc ranitons nto Freche observe the ees ‘dency in pny the sane pero ofthe 1980s and 190s, Conary to tasTherese on4m(997 ster Lan ra Baglh de paral dt, te ute gus com ‘eal mabe vepotonaly seduction each ofthe chs pbs senmatobave from Engh ste relly ce and Ca he nly ger: for European thenethe cll de Seat et ‘gen temore rary oan ogee. Reson bacon tins no atch very de wan li trated rom Dutch, For every books cy pps al male and more perpen guage rps Weer ab ile ‘son thee counties mos contend withthe "one-way mor ee" (Goda {9086-88 Thoy are ie cberes behind a al onan ion, vey o> serving whats happening inthe nent cee but ot parting For sal Couners and pepe! neue: tos erations communication very much ‘Aho we donot know mich sot rantins fon Dutch neater ior: cl period we see tal fe Ditch wis wee tated, eve we the Dah Repu wara weld poe No Dutch writers entered the anon of wo Meare, Seis foreign intrest in Doth erste ony bp o emerge tte ed of the {oth century. long ith iter in Rusnn ad Sannin eau. fw Dutch ‘suthors (Malta Couper and thers) have probaly Dense rom ie broaden Ing interest The emerging demand i ot go unnoticed nthe NetesanteIa 1938, ‘he Royal ilar i The Hague devoted an ei o Dutch wees invasion ‘dpsed es bblogrepy of rants ‘Ae Wor Wa Ta the pb funded Sichig ter Bevorderng na de Vert og van Nedra Letedundi Werk (951 promoted trandatons of Ditch ers ture. This Foundation ssboiaed anions eased contact with reign pa Ther commision tril tration and dined information sboat tors nd thee wock Pit organization such the emsh Foundation On el (1957) (OurHlertage alo promoted the trannton of Ditch and Fens ear. Ther sul of hse eft however were rather dsappointng The nunber of ransatons fens mer hq ie ot be desir and rary eageon dnt ‘aru On of the moet prominent postwar Dtch aor, Wier reer Hermans, ‘roe an esyon te eflering of tanaate waters He ken der eral chr re’) in whch he severed the promotion practic othe Foundation He real the meio quay of any tatltons and added that the commonly ob ‘care fosgnpolshers were probably more itereed in receving pa eels ‘han in pling bear wok (Henne 1983) Dig the 18 eel tie ‘ied Herman spcne oa ger or ee erent exec Viner (7198; Van Noel an Jaen 985), ‘Dring the sme prod change wa lendy el underway. A few gh gully ‘wanton were pula stracting cose real tention ndacdation ‘Di Peron (And Malraux bad destd Lo Condon humaine to him) tania nto Prench in 88 by Pipe Noble This tranation war pablak by Calls sd won the Dutch Martius Nid waaation pie in 1981, Ces Nooo tel (980) tsa ino American Engh by Adee Dison 158 rece the internation! Mobi Peas Prize and pneated nach pub. AL hese ie, wee Het vert am Belg (Tbe Str of Bela, 1983) by Hoge Cn andDe aang (The Ast, 1982) by Hary Mach had sold exceptional wel nthe ‘athens and were sccwilyanited int ther lnguge. Al ese work ver pulsed wel Known lier publishing hws the Fanart Book fur of 193 ark the tration eathroagh of Dah teat Dutton Flemish erate wee th highligh the ver he Fi ‘lage umber f Duh works wee tamale Their author were preset Frank fart sed parce in mia vets. The numberof book eviews raced a un precoleted ive remaiing igh forte! fourconsctie ars Keer 200) (Given th imereasingly dese interactions between Genoa ah rnc plein these yeasts clbldence that the French book event esl anger 193, tes sn deco Dutch and Femigh Herat. Oa a mose modest sl, even “nated writer patted in round ables eng an ing eos ands {ended aus ther media eens The event wn Le bles ranges was infants ep ni twefor understanding the ron and everafeation of trons in Fane ding {hese ear Ht was ceed 1087 bythe Minis of Cale an ake place under ‘he responsibly ofthe Cente Nein u Le sbaed ona working allan be ‘meen pbc nttitions and pate sco rom the abi we he sm i to inte the reading publi oda Frig erates that we ot et wel Kno Fel gneomen poy sto apport the prodction itration and ttaaton high qatybooks This li was rnfirmed ad eciaedin France ang the second alo the 18 at espone wo the Uberiaton poles devaped within theframework ofthe Genel Agreement on Tris andTade (GATT) France wane ofthe mow ctv darts pope plc tha woud repet the princi ‘tutu expt tht bad ben art ofthe gia GATT green’ of 147 The Principe alle puilc oppor fr cultural ode inorder protect ther fn ne sey commer libs on onl ecnomc ter Aoop his French pol y prima eal wih movies an tein programs tab protected theo tan eapecily trary sector Van Hemel et 196) eased ose ranliton sti for Prince inthicntert fap and cata allsnc forthe deen fell goods opposing heincesng dominance pure commercial loge (Bourdieu 1999; Sin 200; Bokabre 208). Along ‘eth policy-makers thi movement al moe ann etc pls fr ingune ad aerate ences. Te Hct datatse inde goth ia ook triton in race rng 964-202, both nabetenomtersnd proportion tention om Here (Sup 2002 nd fom alan (Ble 2008, Alough the able nmbers are modes the growth rep Literary andi ae a companied by unpretenie ui atenton ad ear eignton, Dutch ers ‘enw ely trtlted wel now pblisng hous poh many fhe. nd the quality ofthe transson as narmonny improved. The endency ech a e ‘ional opin 2003, when Dutch and lenis erture was i onorary ae thesin the ve works Dutch in Frank oan wand at ‘daring Use ansaion sdwtia rine (547 The each pol saland Along portion hough et hemand ested vit home the nal Fench book th Selon di Le lye Dh wt spree hese and her wrk Many rest artes sight ona etre iat bd bee tal unkown tent years ale The umber of tration one congo fom ten Kes in 9841 Sn 2002 ‘outa mor than 50 thes, 40% ae capa Literary Books whe 2% Chi ArerrorYonth Books. The other teres are much ls tmp and ener very layered For eal, Haman Sens, represetng sme 10% othe tet, fo htrogenonar and insignia to bea ui of sali inclades paca ss recto guides aout Gaal tera wel avery vere sora eles Sethe ‘attics are theres of diferent proces ts intereing a look dey at se cles of publisher and wants. tn bth ave plshersuasatos publ Inthe mjc oft The 2906s nei es. for example pale by 5 pubes and erated by ewer than 80 warts Sx pubes ole ‘ato tration Galina, Sal Calan Levy Lansman, Longue rs Actes Sod wheres 2 publi pubiibed only pe ile The same pif the Popul: tonofranters nf hen ase a te uber fs each t at ek), ween 5 trndre tale oniyone tle osc “The mare or Dutch ration te rihanna peculiar li rely seal mrber of is nd tals mint th att fy ae nae ompetitors appre cane the coo ene the markt are lati Le Whe thisehracteriah may bod fo the bok mace in genera Rey 90) be at ‘eto entry ae compra ow othe French market of trations from Dac tree ofthe presence of Belgian pbs and tana. Te aguticompe- tenceand theft with tbebook aren bth ance andthe Neterbndshas ‘nade het he aditonl Inermedaries betwen the French and the Duchclse Wen the demand in Francie they capable of repooing evi, The revere phenomenon lo exited, us ange Inthe ist par thi esa. emg Fessoqueat Geopolitical and geoculturl dynamics Theinermedary ole of Belg ranstor and pacer goes nly prtf hea rd cplaining the ing interest trarlatons fos Dutch and Fein France "Wehve touche upon to ter mechanisms Theft the roth of tescoae tong tor aropnn res prlarbeneen Germany abd Fence Fe pe Ica sens German publi hae pubed mot anions fom Dat ne the Beglaning othe 9th century. Gean inflaton and in prtcular Germa iss dba cura lice Between Geran andthe Neha sage the French thn aut Englsh domination in Earope- The se Dc ngage ‘indof populr German, baonpngt the Germaniclul ye Transat tom Dutch could complement the Geran cup (Koo 1993), For along ine, Germancantons fom Dutch have had ver lite efecto the oie of Freach pal ‘2 Darng the 1960 however when eel Dich ator enjoyed ran cos in Germanytheyatrace the atenon of publishes in race Paropean inert, snd he French German coloration in patil bth nnd the emerging French nteetin Dac writers. 'As the development of book tanations i the Neher has demons, mere he roe of Europe integration vrs tsa fro lnpuae other than Eoglsh only under spectieondtonsPrhapsthe most mp ofthe te ‘enceof politcal or ctrl oppotion othe bl heperonyof Engh On ‘fice powefl cors are prepared to vest rating fom lengusges ober than English, and to accept carta nevaabe eae ri wil Europe ng ancora to the gate der ofthe ranean mt, Sach pea ae. toa log goundathe Neelam France, hwever ey cys apr. hey have deveioped «ply favoring carl exchange wit cours and eres ‘uid ofthe Eos speaking werd ncloding elite perheral ne re an ‘ter mater concerning waitin practi, gop! an} gocukural panics ‘present neglect and lnteretiog cmensi ol Tantion Stages, References ype Sai: tis Tay 10) 46-3 abo, 198 Trac ad Andy Meebo Tieden We de Nan WT) arn Kon ind Near "Wo Stn por of Sol oy 30 2 4 oto, 202. "Tenge cara ton an Ge Spe 28 Tt, he iris neatossn tga, languages ther sfthee ithe Engl Ont lange ober ropes eg och powers sy sate supper. Cape 1. Rep bli Venda 8 Dh i Tan ih Amen Ry Se Shing Speers benende et Bak Va Sos Marsh e185 De Ranke Lau re ering. este 7) Deng SgJaton aa interpreting proche (wbich may Pheoesi ppid and is reference books, post series in poblition Sforum forthe tes ew trends Cline ne esearch Soe csi work hase nwo of print Honorary Editor Gideon Toury om Ame Yet Cope by Beyond Descriptive Translation Studies Investigations in homage to Gideon Toury Baited by ‘Anthony Pym Univer Rovira Vig Miriam Shlesinger scan Universgy Daniel Simeonit York University John Benjamins Publishing Company Amterdam/Piadlphis