IF Clause

prezentare

Tip zero
Se refera la actiuni prezente, perfect
realizabile.
Ex.:
Daca plou, imi iau umbrela.
If it rains I take my umbrella.

Tip I
Se refera la actiuni viitoare, posibil realizabile.
Ex.:
Daca va ploua, imi voi lua umbrela.
If it rains Ill take my umbrella.
Observatie: Chiar daca in romana folosim
viitor dupa daca, in engleza se foloseste
doar prezentul!

Tip II
Se refera la actiuni prezente, teoretic posibile. Se
traduce cu conditional-optativul prezent din romana.
Ex.:
Daca ar ploua, mi-as lua umbrela.
If it rained, I would take my umbrella.
! Atentie la urmatoarea exprimare:
Daca as fi in locul tau, m-as duce acolo.
If I were you I would go there.
Observatie: in cazul conditionalei tip II se foloseste
were la toate persoanele, inclusiv he,she,it!

Tip III
Se refera la actiuni trecute, imposibil de a se mai realiza. Se
traduce cu conditional-optativul perfect (trecut) din romana.
Ex.:

Daca ar fi plouat, mi-as fi luat umbrela.

If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

Atentie!!! Se mai poate traduce si cu imperfectul din romana,

insa exprima tot o conditie, nu o actiune in desfasurare:
Daca ploua, imi luam umbrela.
If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

recapitulare
tip
o
I

IF

Propozitia principala

Present

Present

Present

Future (viitor)
Conditional prezent:

Past Simple

S + would + V
(could)

II

(should)
(might)
Conditional perfect:
Past Perfect

II

S + would + have + V(III)

(could)
(should)

would sau could sau should sau might ?

Could

=> cand vrem sa exprimam a putea

Might => cand vrem sa exprimam s-ar putea
Should => cand vrem sa exprimam ar trebui
Would => in restul situatiilor

would sau could sau should sau might ?

Ex.:

Daca ai fi vrut, ai fi putut merge acolo. (tip III)

If you had wanted, you could have gone there.
Daca ai fi vrut, s-ar fi putut sa reusesti. (tip III)
If you had wanted, you might have succeeded.
Daca ai fi vrut cartea, ar fi trebuit sa-mi spui. (tip III)
If you had wanted the book, you should have told me.
Daca ai fi vrut, te-ai fi dus acolo. (tip III)
If you had wanted, you would have gone there.

In cadrul frazei, propozitia principala se poate inversa cu

propozitia conditionala (adica cea introdusa prin daca)
Atentie la ordinea de aplicare a coloanelor din tabelul anterior!
Ex:
Te duci daca doresti. (tip 0)
You go if you want. (present in princip.+present in if)
Te vei duce daca vei dori. (tip I)
You will go if you want. (future in princip.+present in if)
Te-ai duce daca ai dori (tip II).
You would go if you wanted. (condit.present in princip.+past in if)
Te-ai fi dus daca ai fi dorit. (tip III)
You would have gone if you had wanted. (condit.perfect in princip.
+past perfect in if)

Conditionale mixte
Daca m-ai fi ascultat, nu ai fi acum aici. mixta III cu
II
If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be here now.
Observatie:
propozitia conditionala se refera la trecut (daca m-ai
fi ascultat).
propozitia principala se refera la prezent (nu ai fi
acum aici).

unless in loc de if
unless inlocuieste doua negatii printr-o negatie si o afirmatie.
* Ex. de informatie care poate fi exprimata prin if sau prin
unless, cu schimbare din negativ in afirmativ:
Nu mi-as lua palaria daca tie nu ti-ar placea (tip II).
I wouldnt take the hat if you didnt like it.

Sau

I wouldnt take the hat unless you liked it.

Obs.: fraza cu unless mai poate fi tradusa nu as lua palaria fara

ca tie sa-ti placa in acest caz se vede clar la care verb avem
afirmatia si la care negatia.

Conditionala cu but for in loc de daca

n-ar fi/daca n-ar fi fost

Daca n-ar fi scoala, am pleca in vacanta.(tip II)

If it werent for school, we would leave on holiday.

Sau:
But

for school, we would leave on holiday.

Daca n-ar fi fost scoala, am fi plecat in vacanta.(tip III)

If it hadnt been for school we would have gone on
holiday.

Sau:
But

for school, we would have gone on holiday.

Inversiuni

Daca el ar fi fost acolo, mi-ar fi adus ceva.(tip III)

If he had been there he would have brought me something.

Sau
Had

he been there, he would have brought me something. (mai

ales in limbaj formal)
Obs.: la conditionala tip III had trece in locul lui if, care dispare.
# Acelasi lucru se poate aplica si in cazul conditionalei de tip II, dar
doar cand avem weredupa daca.
Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult.(tip II)
If I were you I would learn more.
Sau
Were

I you, I would learn more. (mai ales in limbaj formal)