M HNH OSI (Lin kt ni cc h thng m)

Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, vit ngn l OSI Model hoc OSI
Reference Model) - tm dch l M hnh tham chiu kt ni cc h thng m

- Host l 1 thc th mng c kh nng truyn c cc ng dng. (PC-Computer)

- M hnh OSI

Ti sao phi s dng m hnh phn lp:

- Reduces complexity : Gim thiu c phc tp ca cc h thng truyn d liu,
trong sn xut thit b.
- Standardizies interfaces : Chun ha cc giao din ca cc dng sn phm.
- m bo tnh tng thch v mt cng ngh ( thit b ca hng khc nhau c th giao tip
vi nhau ).
- Facilitates modular engineering: Thc y k thut Modul ha.

Thc y s pht trin ca ngnh cng ngh mng.

n gin cho vic dy v hc.
1. Lp Physical ( vt l ):
Truyn 1 dng bit qua 1 ng truyn vt l no , v duy tr kt ni (dng in, dy
mng, s thy dc) => xy dng c 1 ng truyn vt l cho cc HOST.

Quy nh cc c im ca ng truyn vt l c, in, quang cc th tc chc nng

truyn mt dng bt nh phn qua ng truyn vt l,
Xy dng ng truyn vt l qua cc host
Vd: Bt 1 l 5v - bt 0 l 0v
2. Lp DataLink (Lin kt d liu ):
- iu khin vic truy nhp d liu vo ng truyn vt l
- Cung cp c ch d li.
- Giao tip vi lp mng (Network) bn trn n.
**** nh dng d liu, ng khung d liu, cu trc ha d liu & a ra cc c ch iu tit
d liu t lp Data Link & cc lp trn c th truy nhp & write vo ng truyn vt l ****
3. Lp Network (Mng):
- Phn b d liu 1 cch ti u nht.
- nh tuyn ( routes) gia cc gi d liu, chn ra ng i ti iu nht phn phi d
liu.
- nh ngha ra cc giao thc ( giao thc gi l nh tuyn ) a ch logic ( a ch IP )
4. Lp Transport (Giao vn):
-

Qun l cc kt ni u cui End to End .

S l cc vn truyn dn gia cc HOST,
m bo rng d liu c truyn 1 cch ng tin cy trong mng.
m bo thit lp, duy tr v gii phng cc ng mch o.Rcmd
Cung cp cc c ch sa li tin cy, d li tin cy v phc hi thng tin bng cch iu
khin lung.

5. Lp Session (Phin):
cc ng dng 6,7 c th truy nhp vo ng truyn
Thit lp, qun l v gii phng cc session ca ng dng (t chc cc phin kt ni,
phn bit cc ng dng), phn bit ng dng v cc ng dng khc nhau.
6. Lp Presentation (Trnh by):
Vn : Cha chc d liu ny truyn m u kia c th hiu c ?
Khi Lp Presentatiom s nh mt ngi Thng Ngn:

T chc li d liu
Cu trc li d liu
Thng lng cc c php truyn d liu cho tng ng dng
Cung cp c ch m ha

7. Lp Application (ng dng):

- Giao tip trc tip vi ngi dng
- Cung cp cc ng dng mng , cc dch mng cho tng ng dng ( mail, chuyn file, truy
nhp t xa..)
- Cung cp c ch xc thc ngi dng ( user name , pass..)

Tin trnh ng gi d li ti u gi:

Header : (tiu ) vit tt l HDR

Ban u Sender gi 1 User Data xung Application.

Vi mi tng User data s c gn thm cc HDR ca tng .
Ton b gi tin lp trn s l d liu ca gi tin lp di
Ring n lp 2 th bc thm kim tra li FCS .Sau khi n tng Physical th User Data c
chuyn thnh cc bits ri di chuyn n ngi nhn.

Bn u nhn d liu th tin trnh c din ra ngc li vi u gi.

Tin trnh truyn thng ngang hng:

n v d liu ca lp Transport l Segments

n v d liu ca lp Network l Packets
n v d liu ca lp Data Link l Frames
n v d liu ca lp Physical l Bits

M HNH TCP/IP

So snh gia hai m hnh: