LI CM N

Vi lng bit n su sc, chng em xin chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o Trung tm
nghin cu tm kim thm d v khai thc du kh Vin du kh Vit Nam quan tm ,
gip , to iu kin cho chng em hon thnh tt k thc tp tt nghip ny.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n gio vin hng dn , cc c ch anh ch ti Phng
nng cao h s thu hi du Vin du kh Vit Nam to iu kin gip chng em c
c hi c tip xc vi nhng my mc hin i, quy trnh lm thc nghim v s nhit
tnh hng dn chng em trong thi gian thc tp ti qu phng.
Cui cng, chng em xin chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o B mn Lc Ha du, Khoa
Du kh, trng i hc M a cht H Ni to iu kin gip chng em c mt
k thc tp tt nghip b ch.

MC LC

LI CM N.................................................................................................................... 1
MC LC...................................................................................................................... 2
1, n v thc tp Vin Du Kh Vit Nam....................................................................3
1.1, a ch.....................................................................................................................3
1.2, Gii thiu.................................................................................................................3
1.3, Chc nng v nhim v...........................................................................................3
1.4, C cu t chc.........................................................................................................4
1.5, n v thc tp chnh (CTAT).................................................................................4
1.5.1, C cu t chc...................................................................................................4
1.5.2, Chc nng nhim v..........................................................................................5
1.5.3, Lnh vc hot ng............................................................................................5
2, Cc thit b, my mc, chc nng, cch vn hnh ca cc my mc .........................7
2.1,Cn in t:.........................................................................................................7
2.2, My Stuart (My khuy t gia nhit Bibby UC152)................................................8
2.3, T sy......................................................................................................................8
2.4, Bp gia nhit............................................................................................................9
2.5,T ht........................................................................................................................ 9
2.6, T nung.................................................................................................................... 9
2.7,Cc thit b khc.......................................................................................................9
3, Cc cng vic ang tin hnh.......................................................................................10
4, Cc s liu thu thp c trong qu trnh thc tp.......................................................11
5,VN T RA........................................................................................................11
6, CNG N TT NGHIP:...........................................................................11
6.1, L do chn ti....................................................................................................11
6.2, Mc ch ca ti................................................................................................11
6.3, Ni dung d kin...................................................................................................12
2

KT LUN...................................................................................................................... 14

1, n v thc tp Vin Du Kh Vit Nam.

1.1, a ch
-Tr s chnh: VPI Tower, 173 Trung Knh, Qun Cu Giy, H Ni.
Tel: (04)37843061, 37841727,37841728;
Website:www.vpi.pvn.vn; Email: contact@vpi.pvn.vn">contact@vpi.pvn.vn
-Vn phng ti Tp H Ch Minh: Khch sn Thanh a, Qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. H Ch
Minh; Tel: (08)35566129, (08)35566609;
E-mail: vpihcm@vpi.pvn.vn">vpihcm@vpi.pvn.vn
1.2, Gii thiu
Vin Du kh Vit Nam (Vin DKVN) c thnh lp vo ngy 22/5/1978 trn c s
on Nghin cu a cht Du kh Chuyn 36B thuc Tng cc a cht.Qua hn 30
hot ng v pht trin, n nay Vin DKVN tr thnh mt Vin nghin cu khoa hc
- cng ngh hng u ca cng nghip du kh Vit Nam, vi mt s lnh vc ngang tm
khu vc. Vin c kh nng trin khai nghin cu pht trin v cung cp dch v khoa hc
- k thut c hiu qu cho ton b chui hot ng du kh.
1.3, Chc nng v nhim v
Vin DKVN c chc nng v nhim v nghin cu v phc v nghin cu nhm thc
hin nhng mc tiu hot ng ca ngnh Du kh Vit Nam, c th l:
iu tra c bn, nghin cu KHCN trong cc lnh vc tm kim thm d, khai
thc, vn chuyn, tng tr, phn phi, ch bin, an ton mi trng, kinh t v
qun l du kh;
T vn, thm nh v khoa hc & cng ngh cc d n du kh v cc lnh vc c
lin quan;
Thc hin cc dch v khoa hc & cng ngh, thit k, gim nh, phn tch mu,
x l s liu, ng dng v chuyn giao cng ngh;
Thng tin khoa hc pht hnh tp ch v cc n phm du kh, xy dng c s
d liu trong v ngoi ngnh nhm phc v nghin cu v sn xut kinh doanh
ca Tp on. T chc Hi ngh, Hi tho, Trin lm, Bo tng, qung co v
ngnh du kh;
Sn xut, kinh doanh hng ha, xut nhp khu cng ngh v sn phm thuc lnh
vc hot ng ca Vin;
Lu tr cc ti liu khoa hc k thut du kh ca Tp on v cc t chc, c
nhn khc hot ng trong lnh vc du kh Vit Nam;
4

 o to nng cao, o to trn i hc cho cn b trong v ngoi ngnh Du kh.

1.4, C cu t chc
Lnh o hot ng ca Vin DKVN gm Vin trng v cc Vin ph. T vn v gip
Vin trng iu hnh cng tc c Hi ng khoa hc cng ngh v cc ban v phng
chc nng sau y:
Ban khoa hc chin lc;
Ban k hoch ti chnh;
Ban T chc nhn s;
Ban Qun l u t;
Ban Cng ngh thng tin;
Ban Thng tin o to;
Ta son Tp ch Du kh;
Vn phng.
Trong
gm:

c cu t chc ca Vin DKVN c 8 trung tm (TT) nghin cu chuyn ngnh,

TT Tm kim, Thm d v Khai thc Du kh (EPC);
TT Phn tch Th nghim (Labs);
TT ng dng v Chuyn giao Cng ngh (CTAT);
TT Nghin cu & Pht trin Ch bin Du kh (PVPro);
TT Nghin cu & Pht trin An ton & Mi trng Du kh (CPSE);
TT Nghin cu Kinh t v Qun l Du kh (EMC);
TT Lu tr Du kh (PAC);
TT o to v Thng tin Du kh (CPTI);

1.5, n v thc tp chnh (CTAT)

1.5.1, C cu t chc
HI NG KHOA HC
V CNG NGH

BAN GIM C

PHN
G
QUN
L
TNG

PHN
G
CNG
NGH
KH

PHNG
CHNG
N MN

PHNG
HA
NG
DNG

PHNG
NG
DNG V
PHT
TRIN SN
PHM MI

1.5.2, Chc nng nhim v

Nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh, iu tra c bn trong lnh vc ng dng v
chuyn giao cng ngh
Lp, t vn lp, nh gi, thm nh cc d n v xy dng chin lc, quy hoch
pht trin trong cc hot ng du kh; thm nh cc tiu chun, xy dng cc quy ch,
quy trnh, quy phm, cc nh mc kinh t - k thut trong cc lnh vc hot ng SXKD
du kh
ng dng v chuyn giao cng ngh trong cc lnh vc khai thc, s dng, tng
tr, vn chuyn, ch bin, phn phi du kh; n mn v vt liu kim loi, vt liu mi;
cng ngh sinh hc v ho ng dng; cng ngh nhin liu sn phm mi v x l mi
trng
Sn xut, kinh doanh hng ho, xut nhp khu trc tip cng ngh v sn phm
thuc lnh vc ch bin, phn phi v kinh doanh du kh, n mn, sinh hc v ho hc
ng dng. Cung cp thit b vt t, trang thit b phng th nghim. Xut nhp khu ti
liu KHKT, mu vt theo quy nh ca php lut
Phn tch gim nh du kh, ho cht, sn phm du kh v thit b cng ngh,
th nghim lin quan n lnh vc ch bin du kh, sn phm du kh, vt liu kim loi
v thit b cng ngh; T vn xy dng phng th nghim du kh v h thng thit b
my mc, phn mm v qun l cht lng trong lnh vc cng nghip du kh & ha
cht
Xy dng v khai thc c s d liu trong v ngoi ngnh du kh phc v nghin
cu v sn xut kinh doanh ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
o to chuyn ngnh (k c sau i hc) v lnh vc ng dng v chuyn giao
cng ngh cho cn b trong, ngoi ngnh du kh v cung cp nhn lc cho cc n
v/nh thu c nhu cu (ch hot ng khi c c quan Nh nc c thm quyn cho
php).
1.5.3, Lnh vc hot ng
NGHIN CU CHNG N MN V BO V KIM LOI
Nghin cu cc nguyn nhn gy n mn, cc phng php theo di v chng n
mn cho h thng ng ng, trang thit b, cng trnh trong khai thc, vn chuyn, tng
tr v ch bin du kh;
T vn, thit k, kho st, thi cng cc h thng bo v catot cho h thng ng
ng, b cha, v cc cng trnh thp trong t v nc;
Thit k, thi cng, nh gi kh nng chng n mn cc h sn ph, chng thm
cho ng ng, b cha, cng trnh cng nghip du kh;
Nghin cu la chn vt liu cho thit b, ng ng, b cha trong cc iu kin
lm vic khc nhau;
6

Cung cp cc ph gia, ha phm cht c ch n mn, cc h sn ph chng n

mn cho ng ng, thit b, cng trnh du kh;
Kim tra hin trng n mn bn trong ca ng ng, thit b bng phng php
kim tra khng ph hy (NDT);
Kim nh trn c s phn tch ri ro (Risk Based Inspection - RBI) nh gi
thit b trong ngnh cng nghip du kh;
o to v t vn cung cp ngun nhn lc khoa hc cng ngh v lnh vc n
mn.
NGHIN CU NG DNG CNG NGH HA HC TRONG DU KH
Nghin cu p dng cc tin b khoa hc trong v ngoi nc trong lnh vc du
m, ha hc, ha du phc v tm kim thm d, khai thc, vn chuyn, tng tr v ch
bin.
Phn tch, kim nh, nh gi cht lng du m v sn phm du m.
Nghin cu th nghim cc hot cht ha hc, xc tc phc v sn xut kinh
doanh.
Nghin cu p dng cc gii php cng ngh ha hc chng nhim mi trng.
T vn, lp bo co u t, quy hoch tng th pht trin cc d n v nng lng,
ch bin du kh.
Nghin cu tng hp, pha ch cc ha phm s dng trong cc lnh vc khoan
thm d, khai thc du kh v cc ngnh cng nghip khc: nh h cc cht dit khun,
gim ng c ca du, ph nh tng thun nghch v h ha phm x l lng ng,
c ch lng ng paraffin trong ng ng...
o to, hng dn cn b NCKH v cn b phn tch th nghim.
CNG NGH KH IN
Nghin cu khoa hc k thut, ng dng v nghin cu, ng dng, t vn cc gii
php cng ngh tng tr, vn chuyn, phn phi, s dng v ch bin kh.
Xy dng chin lc/quy hoch pht trin trong lnh vc cng nghip kh.
Lp, t vn, thm nh bo co kh thi, bo co u t cc d n trong lnh vc
cng nghip kh, in v nng lng mi.
Nghin cu, t vn, trin khai cc d n chuyn i nhin liu cho ng c xng,
diesel.
Xy dng tiu chun an ton k thut, quy trnh quy phm k thut cho h thng
thit b kh v in.
Phn tch, th nghim, nh gi, kim nh cht lng kh v sn phm kh.
Nghin cu ng dng cng ngh hin i trong sn xut, truyn ti in theo hng
hiu qu, tit kim nng lng, gim thiu tc ng mi trng.
Nghin cu ng dng cc dng nng lng mi, nng lng ti to trong sn xut
in nng.
Nghin cu cc gii php cng ngh khai thc an ton, c hiu qu ngun kh thin
nhin, kh ng hnh lm nhin liu sn xut in lu di cho PVN.
NGHIN CU NG DNG PHT TRIN SN PHM MI
7

Nghin cu, ng dng cc thnh tu khoa hc k thut tin tin phc v cho cc
cng trnh khai thc, vn chuyn v ch bin du kh.
Nghin cu, ng dng, pht trin cng ngh v sn xut th trong cc lnh vc:
Nhin liu sinh hc, cc sn phm du kh t ngun nguyn liu khc ngoi du m, cc
hp cht mi v vt liu mi s dng trong cc cng trnh du kh. Cc dch v th
nghim cng ngh, sn xut th p ng nhu cu ca cc n v trong v ngoi ngnh
DCH V PHN TCH GIM NH
Thc hin phn tch cc mu du v sn phm du kh, mu nc, n mn vt liu
kim loicho cc cng ty, nh thu du kh hot ng ti Vit Nam.
Phn tch, nh gi thnh phn cc kh n mn ti cc cng trnh cng nghip du
kh
DCH V T VN - O TO
T vn quy hoch pht trin ha du v dch v du kh
T vn la chn vt liu ch to thit b cng ngh cho cc cng trnh xy dng.
o to ngun nhn lc
2, Cc thit b, my mc, chc nng, cch vn hnh ca cc my mc .
2.1,Cn in t:

Chc nng:Cn thng c s dng ti cc phng lab, bnh vin, cc chi cc kim
nh, ni yu cu v chnh xc rt cao. Cn c dung o khi lng chnh xc rt
nh ca mu c sai s rt thp (1mg, 0.1mg, 0.01mg ).
s dng cn in t ng cch cn lu nhng nguyn tc sau:
-

t cn trn b mt bng phng.

8

t cn ni kh ro, sch v nht l trnh cc v tr c nhiu lung khng kh thay

i nh ca ra vo, gn ngun nhit nh l si hay lung hi my iu ha (c
bit khi s dng cn c chnh xc cao nh cn phn tch, cn k thut, cn bn
nh,).
Khi mua nn mua km 1 qu cn chun, nh k chun li cn bng qu cn chun,
bo qun qu cn chun cn thn trong mi trng kh sch.
Khng bao gi t mt vt nng qu khi lng cho php ln bn cn in t. Nu
cn th dng cn th cn trc.
Cn ha cht th tuyt i khng dng php cn trc tip m lun dng php cn lp
(cn tr b). B phi dng l cc dng c thy tinh kh sch, cao su sch hay giy
lc loi dnh cn (l loi trng parrafin gip ha cht bt khng dnh vo giy).

Cch vn hnh:
-

iu chnh v tr cn bng: iu chnh cc chn n khi cc bong bng kh nm

gia tm vng trn. Sau khi thng bng, tin hnh hiu chun cn bng tnh nng
calibration internal.Thc hin kim tra lch chun bng qu cn chun F1, E2. V
d : gii hn dung sai cho php i vi mt qu cn chun cp chnh xc E2 200g
so vi khi lng thc t c th cho php 0.30 mg

t vt cn nh nhng, tc u n, khng qu t ngt

Lun ng ca knh cn trc khi quan st kt qu.
c kt qu cn c.

2.2, My Stuart (My khuy t gia nhit Bibby UC152)

Thng s k thut:

- Tc khuy: 100 - 2000 vng/pht

- Nhit bn gia nhit: mi trng +4500C. Cng sut gia nhit: 500W

- Kch thc b mt lm vic: 150 x 150 mm

- Kch thc b mt gia nhit: 120 x 120 mm

- Th tch khuy ti a: 15 lt

- B mt lm vic bng glass ceramic chng ha cht n mn

- Kch thc my: 172 x 248 x 122 mm

- Khi lng: 2.9 kg

- in: 230V, 50Hz, 550W

2.3, T sy
Dng sy cc vt dng th nghim v mu th nghim.
Cch vn hnh:
-

n SET ch my s 1 nhy cc n khc m , quay nt trn n ch chng

trnh nhy
Th nt SET ra
iu chnh chng trnh mi ban u ch tt nt vung sng
u ang ch chy phi chuyn v ch STOP bng cch gi nt SET
+ quay nt trn v
Khng gi nt SET quay nt trn v T1 chnh thi gian ban u bng cch n SET
+ quay nt trn n thi gian mong mun
B nt SET ,quay nt trn v thi gian T2
t thng s trong T2 : gi SET quay nt trn T2 l thi gian nng nhit
Th SET + quay sang T2& T3 nhy hin th nhit nhy
n SET quay trn n OFF
Th SET quay trn n T3 nhy . n SET quay trn t thi gian gi nhit
Th SET quay trn thi gian n T4 nhy .n SET quay trn t thi gian h
nhit
Th SET quay trn n LOOP nhy . chnh chu k c lp li hay khng OFF
Th SET quay trn n Tmax nhy .
10

Th SET quay trn v nt

n SET quay v nt .

2.4, Bp gia nhit

Chc nng: Cung cp nhit cn thit cho phn ng din ra t hiu sut cao.
Cch vn hnh:
-

Kt ni bp vi ngun in
iu chnh n nhit cn thit tin hnh gia nhit
Nu th nghim cn s khuy trn th bt ch khuy vi tc c ghi sn
trn bp.

2.5,T ht
Ht mi cc cht d bay hi,mi kh chu,
2.6, T nung
T nung dng t cn, nung cc cht, nung tro, t chy,
2.7,Cc thit b khc
T t cc
Thit b o nht
Thit b lm lnh
H thng th nghim vi bt cao p
Thit b m phng ng ng du
Thit b sinh hi
V nhiu thit b,dng c khc
3, Cc cng vic ang tin hnh
Thi gian thc tp bt u t ngy 02/03/2015, trong cc cng vic nh sau :
-

Ngy 02/03/2015: n Vin Du kh Vit Nam lm th khch ti phng l

tn, ri lm th tc tip nhn thc tp tt nghip ti tng 10.

11

Sau xung tng 2 lin h vi ch Minh (Ngi tip nhn chnh v hng
dn lm n) ti phng th nghim s 3 ca Trung tm ng dng v
chuyn giao cng ngh (CTAT).
Chiu ngy 03/03/2015: Ln trng gp thy Thng trao i v hon thin
th tc tham gia thc tp ti vin du kh.
Ngy 04/03/2015: Ln Vin Du kh- phng th nghim s 3 ca trung tm
CTAT tng 2 gp trao i v hng lm ti tt nghip, thm quan mt
s my mc th nghim ti phng th nghim s 5 c th lin quan n
hng thc tp v lm ti.
Ngy 05/03/2015 : Nhn ti liu ting anh lin quan n ti do ch Minh
gi mail. c, dch ti liu v s lng t, ng rn ca sp paraffin trong
ng ng; cc phng php x l lng ng sp trong khong thi gian 2
tun.
Tip tc ln Vin Du kh c,tra cu ti liu, trao i thm vi ch Minh
nhng thc mc chung.
Ngy 16/03/2015 : Gp ch Ha (cng lm ti nghin cu h cht ty ra
) v c trao i v hng chn n .
Ngy 17/03/2015: Xem xt cc ha cht sn c ti phng th nghim v
nhng cht cn thiu mua b sung.
T ngy 18-26/03/2015, i mua ha cht ( du thng, butyl cellosolve,
MEK, )
T ngy 27/03/2015: Thc hin cc th nghim kho st chung nh gi
s b ,chn ha cht ph hp.
Ngy 27-31/03/2015: Th nghim v s nh hng ca dung mi gia du
thng v butyl cellosolve.
Ngy 1-2/04/2015 : Kim dng c phc v cho th nghim ti nh
Ngy 03/04/2015 : Xem xt li hng lm th nghim.
Ngy 06/04/2015: Chia hng lm n, chn dung mi, cht chng to
bt, cht hot ng b mt cho hng lm n.
Ngy 05/04/2015 n nay : Tip tc o v tin hnh th nghim chn t
l pha trn hp l.

4, Cc s liu thu thp c trong qu trnh thc tp

- Th nghim kh nng ha tan ca du thng vi cn du rn.
- Th nghim kh nng ha tan khi thm BCS vo du thng vi cn du rn
cc t l pha khc nhau(DT: 100-80-60-40-20-0)
Kt qu t c u khng kh quan, lng mu tan rt t do thnh phn
ch yu ca chng l cht v c. Phi s dng phng php khc.
- Th nghim vi sp mm
12

Du thng 100% c kt qu tt nht, cn b tan ngay khi th vo ng

nghim.
BCS100% , cn b lm mm v tan 1 phn
Pha du thng +BCS c hiu qu khng cao khi dng du thoong100%
Pha thm cht hot ng b mt Tween 80,tween 60, hay SLAS u khng
c kt qu kh quan.
-Khi bt u thm nc vo hn hp th kt qu khc hn
Du thng +Cht HBM+Nc : cn mm tan ngay nhng hiu qu thp
do c to lp nh gia lm gim kh nng ha tan ca du thng. Nguyn
nhn do du thng khng tan trong nc, cht HBM vi t l pha thp
khng th ha tan hon ton du thng trong nc.
Khi th DT+BCS+Nc th hiu qu hn do BCS gip ha tan tt hn
Tuy nhin, hm lng nc trn 60% cng gy to nh nn lm gim kh
nng ha tan cn.
Nhm tip tc cc th nghim nhm chn ra t l ti u.
5,VN T RA
Sau khi chn c thnh phn c bn ca h cht ty ra x l sp b lng
ng trong ng ng vn chuyn du di bin, nhm ang xem xt, tnh ton v th
nghim vi nhng t l khc nhau nhm pha ch c mt h cht ty ra ng nht
t tiu ch hiu sut tt, r, nguyn liu sn c ti Vit Nam c th ng dng trong
thc t x l cc ng ng du di bin b lng ng.
6, CNG N TT NGHIP:
6.1, L do chn ti
Hin nay, Lin doanh Vit-Nga Vietsovpetro vn ang khai thc du t cc m
Bch H, Rng, Th Trng ngoi khi Vit Nam. Du khai thc u cha hm lng
paraffin cao, khong 17-29% khi lng v nhit ng c cao (29-36oC), nhit
ming ging ca du thp, c bit l khi p dng cng ngh khai thc du bng phng
php c hc gaslift, nhit sn phm ca ging cng thp i, gy kh khn cho cng tc
thu gom, x l v vn chuyn du bng ng ng. Vn chuyn du c hm lng
paraffin cao bng dng ng ngm (c chiu di ln, khng c bc cch nhit vi mi
trng bn ngoi) c nhiu vn phc tp nh: Nhit du v nhit mi trng
chnh lch ln, gy ra hin tng kt tinh paraffin v lng ng trong ng ng,sp b
kt tinh, lng ng s to cc by du lm mt i mt lng du th b ln trong, lm

13

gim thit din ng ng vn chuyn, gia tng tn tht p sut vn chuyn v hnh thnh
lp cu trc paraffin bn trong ng ng, gy tc nghn v phi dng vn hnh.
Do yu cu cp thit thc tin l cn gi cho vic vn hnh cc ging an ton, n
nh nn phi c cc phng php x l cn du mt cc hiu qu, chng ti bm trong
ng ng.
6.2, Mc ch ca ti
T nhu cu thc tin l Vit Nam cn t cc ti,ti liu nghin cu ch to
mt h cht ty ra ph hp vi nguyn liu sn c, d tm,r, c kh nng s l sp tt
c th p dng cho vic s l lng ng sp. Gp thm nhng kin thc nh b t
c vo trong l thuyt chung v h cht ty ra, lm c s hoc ti liu b sung cho
cc nghin cu sau ny.
6.3, Ni dung d kin
- Thnh phn cn du
- Tc hi ca cn du
- S kt tinh, lng ng, kt ta sp trong ng ng
- Cc yu t nh hng n s kt tinh, lng ng, kt ta sp trong ng ng
- Thnh phn ca cht ty ra
Cht hot ng b mt
Cht HBM cationic
Cht HBM anionic
Cht HBM nonionic
Cht lng tnh
Gii thiu v Tween
Dung mi
Gii thiu v du thng, cc thnh phn chnh
Cc ng dng ca du thng
Nc
- C ch ty ra
Cc yu t nh hng
Cc c ch ty ra
C ch ty ra c bit
- Cc phng php x l hn hp sau ty ra
14

Phng php c hc
Phng php sinh hc
Phng php ha hc
Phng php ha l
Phng php hp th
ng t - keo t

- Phn thc nghim

Th nghim vi du thng
Th nghim vi BCS
Chn cht hot ng b mt
Phi trn t l cc cht

Thit lp c mt h cht ty ra c kh nng p dng vo thc t vi hiu sut

ty ra tt, gi thnh r p ng nhu cu cp thit trong x l lng ng paraffin trong
ng ng vn chuyn du di y bin gia cc ging du ca Vit Nam. Gip cho
hot ng vn hnh t kt qu cao.

15

KT LUN
Trong qu trnh thc tp ti Phng th nghim ca Trung tm ng dng v Chuyn giao
cng ngh - Vin du kh Vit Nam di s hng dn nhit tnh ca qu phng em
tm hiu c cc vn sau:
C cu t chc,chc nng, nhim v ca Vin du kh Vit Nam, Trung tm ng
dng v Chuyn giao cng ngh.
Lnh vc hot ng, mt s kt qu ni bt t c ca Trung tm ng dng v
Chuyn giao cng ngh trong thi gian gn y.
Vn ang cn gii quyt t nh hng ti tt nghip.
cng n tt nghip.

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