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d+|{: 9 d+: 320 >TsTys+ 23 @| 2015 s\T |J\T: 22 y\: 5.00 Published from: Kurnool | Vijayawada | Hyderabad | Guntur | Rajahmundry | Visakhapatnam | Tirupati | Karimnagar | Suryapet | Anantapur | Nellore | Nizamabad
$ yLiRsWs sVsRysV xqsLisR=LRiLi, DRLSRVLi, sxqsLiR VVRVso, \saS sWxqsLi, j: aRPV.xmsLiRsV LS.6.32 sLRiNRPV; sORPRLi: sVXgRibPLRi xms.2.24 sLRiNRPV, RRVxmsLji ALRiVR; sLRiLi: LS.11.02 sVLi 12.42 sLRiNRPV;
RVLRiVxPQLRiLi: D.9.53 sVLi 10.43 sLRiNRPV, RRVxmsLji xms.2.50 sVLi 3.42 sLRiNRPV; LSxPQNSLi: xms.1.30 sVLi 3.00 sLRiNRPV; RVsVgRiLiRLi: D.6.00 sVLi 7.30 sLRiNRPV; xqsWL][RRVLi: 5.43, xqsWLSxqssVRVLi: 6.13.
sVVxLRiLi
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\|RLS`, ALiRxms : ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQ

LSys sgRiLRi sLS RRV P[xmsysNTP
xmsVR*LRiLigRi NRPLi|msdss GLSV P[RWs
sVLisVLiR sLRiLiVVLiLij. NSzms zqs
smssVLi @Li` s[Vs[sVLi NRPLi|msds
({qs{qsUFsLi{qs)gS xmsFyjLiLij. NSzms
LkiRVs smssVLi @yLji ({qsALìUG)
xmsLjij[ G sLSV P[xmsy C NRPLi|msds @sVsV
RxmssxqsLji P[zqsLij. sNRP xqsRVFyRWV, LRiy,
ygRiVds xqsLRixmnsLS, sLS sLRi*x, xmssXj
RjRLRi @LiaSds {qs{qsUFsLi{qs xmsLjij[s[
DLiLiVV. VRyLRiLi xqsyRVLi[ sVV
sVLi RLiRV @RORPQRs Ljigjis G{ms sVLi
sVLiR xqssWs[aRPLi[ C NUPNRP\sVs sLRiRVLi

dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. xmsysLigS LSys sLSLi\|mss[
lLiLiRV gRiLiFyV RLjiLiyLRiV. @yRVsNRP
rNRPLSV, ryLiZNP[NRP xmsLjisLi ssWgjiLi
RRLi[ ssR LSuyV, [aS[ @sLiLis
syysV, RsNRPVs @sVysV C
xqsLiRLRiLigS {qsFsLi sVLisLRi xqsxRLRiVNRPV
ssLjiLiyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi xmsoLRiFyNRP, xms
sXjaS sVLi zms.yLSRV dsVTRW][
sWRVRW, LSys FyLiR @sXj @LiaSV,
xmsVR*Li N]RgS dxqsVNRPVs sLRiRWsV
sTLiyLRiV. zqsLigRixmspLì xmssj XLiRLi
RRWLRiVP[xqsVs NSzms zqs sWxqsLì Fys sP[
s 15 sVLi 20[gS {qsALìUGNRPV @LiRVRVLiRs

FyLRiV. s sVVRyLRiLi [y lLiLi][yLRiLi[
xmsys NSLSRWV DLi[ FyLiRLi ({qs` NSzms
GLjiRW) sWxqsLìFys sxqsVLiRyLRiV. sVWRV
LRiNS NSLSRLRi xmsNRP][ xmsVR*Li LSys
sLSsNTP sVVLiRRVgRiV s[rLiRyLRiV. 7325
RRLRixmso NTP[dsVLRi xmsLjijs LkiRVs smssVLi
GLjiRWgS, 225 RRLRixmso NTP[dsVLRi xmsLjijs
NSzms zqs GLjiRWgS, 8 NTP[dsVLRi xmsLjijs
xqsyRVLi, @|qsLid, \|N][LRiV RjRLRi xmsys xmsVR* NSLSRWVLi[ {qs` NSzms GLjiRWgS
xmsLjigRixqsVsV sVLi }msL]yLRiV. sVLigRigjiLji,
sRVyR FyLiys
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@sVLSs, ZNPFssFss WL][ : W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRVsV s[V 15s [k[xms xmspLjiP[RWs

VRyLRiLi \|RLS`[ Ljigjis NSs xqssWs[aRPLi[ sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. kLi][ s[V 15 Li` xmspLigìNRPV RVj gRiRVsogS sxqsVyLRiV. @LiVV[ BxmsZNP[ xmsVR*Li W xqsdsVNRPLRiNRPV xqsLiLijLi xmsVsWLRiV gRiRVso [ks |msLiRRLi LjigjiLij. gRiRLi[
Ljigjis NSs xqssWs[aRPLi[ s[V 1s RVj gRiRVsogS xmsNRPLis xmsVR*Li VRyLRiLi Ljigjis
xqssWs[aRPLi[ 15s [kgS xmsNRPLiLij. ]VR zmnssLji 14 NRP W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRVsV
xmspLjiP[RVsVsV sTLiyLRiV. xmsVR*Li AbPLis s[VLRi W xqsdsVNRPLRi LRigRiNRPFsRLi][
@sLiRLRiLi zmnssLji sLRiV sLRiNRPV F~TgjiLiyLRiV. RLRiVyR W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRV sLRiLiRLRiLi
N]srygRiVRVLiRs, @LigkiNSLRi xmsyV Bs*s \lLiRVV sVVLiRVNRPV s 9.3 FnyLSsV @LiR[}qs
ys xmsLjigRi[NTP dxqsVNRPVLisVs {qsALìUG NRPsVxtsQsLì bdPNSLi` xmsNRPLiyLRiV. @sjNSLjiNRPLigS
W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRV N]srygRiVRVs s[xmsRLi[s[ s[V 1 RVj gRiRVsogS sVLRi s[V 15 sLji
[kgS xmsVR*Li xmsNRPLiRys RW}qs AbPLisLiR s[VLRi W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRV
s[gRisLiRLigS LRigRiRLi [Rs xqsxtsQsVsoRVLij. @Li[NSNRPVLiy W xqsdsVNRPLRiNRPV DLiRs,
|mssVsWNRP, RxmspT \lLiRVV xqsxNRPLjiLiR[RV. gRiRVso [k F~T gjiLisLiRVs 7e |J...
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sRVyR, ALiRxms : gRissLRiLi ssWyaRPRV sxqsLRi\|ms \lLiRVV, xmsVR*Li sVR BLiNS GNSFyRVLi NRPVRLRi[RV.. xmsVR*Li gSsW
N][LRiNRP\sVs FyZNP[s xmsNRPLiRRLi][ WsV N][[[V \lLiRVLiRLjiNUP gSsW
NRPdRLigS IZNP[ LRiNRP\sVs FyZNP[s @sVV P[RWs TsWLiRV sssyLiVV.
ssWyaRPRV sxqsLRiNRPV W }qsNRPLRi LRiFys xmsVR*Li sLRiLiVVLiLij.
lLiLiRVRaRPVgS \lLiRV sR sVLi }qsNRPLjiLiys @jNSLRiVV xmsFyRsV
zqsRLiP[aSLRiV. ]sRR 450 FsNRPLSV, lLiLi][sRR lLiLiRV sLiR FsNRPLS
WsVs }qsNRPLjiLiP[ xmsRVyV P[xqsVyLRiV. lLiLiRV yLS[ xmssVV
FyLRiLiLiP[LiRVNRPV LRiLigRiLi zqsRLi P[xqsVNRPVLiVyLRiV. gRissLRiLi sWNRPsLRiLi
xmsLjij[s ZNP[xqsLjixms, @xmsoLRiLi, VRsLRiLi, soVxms, @RLixmspT
gSsW[ W }qsNRPLRi LRiFy= DLij. ssWyaRPRVLi sxqsLRi[ gRiLigS
lLiLiRV Ljis=, lLiLiRV LRiss[ ][ FyV FyzqsLiLì= Li, dssHzmsNRPV
GLSV RjRLRi xmssVV FyLRiLiLiy. @LiVV[ \lLiRV][ Bxms sLRiNRPV xmsV
RFyVgS sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV][ FyV 7e |J...
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Jmdt{| @_bj=q sc\T
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FyLiRNRPVLiy sVLiRVV RVNSV sLRi*zxqsVs AxqsVxmsRV\|ms ZNP[xqsV ssWRV

P[aSLRiV. G][ y RNS AxqsVxms][, sVLiRV RVNSsW @LiVV[ @NRPR
[FyV sVgRiVRWzqsy, @j @LiRLRiW ryyLRi sxtsQRVLigSs[
xmsLjigRiLiP[yLRiV. NSds }msLRiVsWzqss y NSL][lLi[ AxqsVxmsRV[s[ C RLRi
DLixmnsVsV sVgRiVRWRLi @LiRLjids ALi][sNRPV gRiVLjiP[rLij.
RyLRis[ [RVLigS...
\s][ yLSRV[ xLki @LiW \sRVsV [soT][ FVryLi. \sRVRV
sVs L][gSsV sRVLi P[zqs, L][gRiVsV sVd ryyLRi sVsVxtsQVVgS
RRWLRiVP[ryLRis ssV \sRVsV xqsLixmsjryLi. \sRVV G sVLiRVV
LSzqsy..GLi P[RVsVs zmsy gRiVTgS ssV @sVxqsLjiryLi. NSds N]s
AxqsVxmsRV sLS*xNRPVV NSxqsV s[[ xmsT \sRsXZNP[ NRPLiNRPLi P[
ssxLjixqsVyLRiV. xmsLiRVNRPVs[ yRV [NRPVLi[ G A\y A]RsVgS
ssxLjixqsVyLRiV. sVLiRV uyxmso sLRi*x\|ms sxmnsW N]LRisRRLi][
@NRPsWNRPV @RW @RVxmsp [NRPVLiy FRVLij. xmsysLigS AxqsVxmsNTP sxqsVs
AyRVLi[ @jNRP aSRLi y @sVLiR sVLiRV RVNSLi sVLiP[ sxqsVLij.
kLi][ sVLiRVV RVNS sLRi*x\|ms AxqsVxmsRVV xms[NRP RXztsQ ryLji
xqsVyLiVV. }msZOP[Q [RVLigS AxqsVxmsRVV sVLiRV 7e |J...
+<|<X q $< eT+&* sjT+

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C\T >TZ *q $#sD $T{
]q #s\ eT+ >+{ lydt <X+
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : sLiRsNRPV sLRiVRLigS 108 dCU

NRPaS[ sLRi*zLis 3500 xmss[aSsV ALiRxms[a`P DsR sysVLiR
LRiRV P[zqsLij. RWsWs N][][ FyV N_s=Ligì sLRi*x @sLiRLRiLi
sVgjiFLiVVs {qsNRPV RWsWyV sLRi*zLis xmss[aSV sLiRsNRPV
sLRiVRLigS DLiRRLi][ A xmss[aSsV \|qsRLi LRiRV P[RWs sVLiR
xmsFyjLiLij. xmss[aSV LRiRLiVVs syLRiVNRPV xmsLkiORPQV sLRi*zLi
RsRLiW ARW saRP*syRWNRPV DsR sysVLiR [V
LSRWs sLRiLiVVLiLij. ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQLi[ \|mss[, \sVyLji, dCU
NRPaS RWsWyV, RWsWs N][ {qssV dLì, DRLRixms[a`P,
xmsbPsVLigS, sVxmspLì LSuyNRPV Lijs syLRiV][ Lki P[zqss
sxtsQRWs ALiRxms sVgRiV[NTP dxqsVNRPVss sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[.
ALiRxms[a`P, LigS LSuyQ[ dCU N][LRiV=[ P[lLi[LiRVNRPV @L>RiR Ds
syLRiVV @LiRVV[ DsxmsNUP, yLjis NSRs BRLRi LSuyNRPV Lijs
syLRiV sVLi |msRsVVRLi[ ]s[xtsQssV
7e |J...
HH deTs
Jmdt{ _\T s&
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : syLiR

sLSLi[ gRiLigS RWLRiV g][ysLji
NSNTPyR sgRiLRi @sXjNTP xms[NRP ssxqssV GLSV
P[RWs xmsVR*Li srLij. @sVLSs
sLSLi][ FyV NSNTPyRsV ryLì zqsgS
sWLSs sVVsVLi RLiRV sLRiLiVVLi
yLRiV. FsgRiVsVRVV, jgRiVsVRVNRPV @s @sNS
aSV gRis C sgRiLSs sVVLiRVgS @sXj
P[RVRLi y*LS sVgRiy sgRiLSNRPV ARLRi+LigS
DLiVLiRs A[Rs][ sVVLiRRVgRiV s[xqsVyLRiV.
Bs Fys xmsLRis[ gRiLigS @yRVsNRP
ryLiZNP[NRP xmsLjisLi gRi [aRP x xqsLixqs][
BLiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi RLiRV RLjiLiyLRiV. C
xmsFyRsNRPV FysNRPV Lijs VN][xsW @LRis
ryLì r~WxtsQs @s[ xqsLixqs AxqsNTP RWzmsLij.
VRyLRiLi \|RLS` ss A xqsLixqs xmssj
XLiRLi xqsyRVLi[ sVVsVLi RLiRV
][ xms[NRPLigS xqssWs[aRP\sVLij. NSNTPyR sgRiLRi
@sXjNTP xqsLiLijLi @NRPRVs ssLRiVV,
@sNSaS\|ms RLjiLiLij. NSNTPyRsV ryLì zqsgS
LRiWF~LijLiP[LiRVNRPV gRi C xmsFyRssV xmsV
R*Li @LigkiNRPLjiLiLij. FsN][xsW zqs N_s= AR*
LRiLi[ R*LRi[s[ @sgSxs IxmsLiRLi NRPVRVLRiV
N][sVsV C xqsLiRLRiLigS LSxtsQ xmsoLRiFys,
xmssXjaS sVLi
7e |J...
108 ;& J
nejT s>T\| dT\ y

ns d+~ yT& c|\ sVD
& ss{ dT|T\ y\T>T #dTq
yk\T... s+& sp =qkq <&T\T
s+&T ss{ dT|T\ dC
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: sVsLi G sxqsVso N]y AdRWd, A[Li

N]sVg][V P[ryLi. INRPNTP lLiLiRV ryLRiV RLRi, yR xmsLjibdPLi, syLjiLi sVLki
N]sVg][V N]LiLi. NSds sVLiRV N]sVg][V[ sWRLi Bs[dsV FyLiRLi.
sVsLi N]sVg][V P[xqsVs sVLiRVV sVLiy..? NSy..? @s NRPWy sVsNRPV
RVRV. RLRi sxtsQRVLi[, sVsLi N]sVg][V P[}qs sVLiRV NRPLi|msds
sxtsQRVLi[ sVTNRP uyms yV FsLiR [..@LiR. NRPdsxqsLi sVLiRV uyxmso[
sVsNRPV sVLiRVP[ yV @L>RiV..? NSLS..? @s[ sxtsQRVLi NRPWy VxqsVNRPVs[
@sNSaRPLi NRPWy DLiRRV. NSLRiLi...ys\|ms sVs[ ysVLijNTP NRPdsxqs
@sgSxs NRPWy [NRPFsRLi INRP NSLRi\sV[....sVLiRV N]sVg][V
xqssVRVLi[ sVsNRPV FssVlLids=][ Bs[dsV A[LiRLi. xms[ KxtsQy xms
@sgSxs[sV, xms @sxqsLS][ y NSL][lLi[ AxqsVxmsRVV r~sVV
P[xqsVNRPVLiVyLiVV. FsNRP][ sWLRiVsVW gSsW[s sVLiRV RVNS[
@L>RiVV [NRPFsRsVs[j ryyLRi sxtsQRVs[V @LiVVFLiVVLij. NSds y
NSL][lLi[ AxqsVxmsRV[s sVLiRV RVNS[s[ ds DLixmnsVsV
sVgRiVRWRLi @LiRLRids sxqsRWsNTP gRiVLjiP[zqsLij. Rgì NRPLi[ @jNSLRiVV
11 y NSL][lLi[ AxqsVxmsRV[ yRV[ sLRi*zLi [FysV gRiVLjiLiRRLi
L][gRiVsV ALi][sNRPV gRiVLjiP[rLij. C yRV[ @jNSLRiVV sLiRsV
eTTKeT+ #+<uT
bH +<+ u{
s ne>Vq |+<+
bdtyTH de\T
eT<V| n~ = u<\T
ss |s+ 24 >+ n+<C
bk|dT eTsY nqTd+<q+
|j>+> C|PsY ls+
d**d <X y|+> neT\T
\xmspLì: @RRV sVyxxmso @j. BLiLi AdRVLiRVso. @RT LSNRP N][xqsLi NRPV
NSRVV NS}qs yV FsRVLRiVRW}qsyV. |ms aRPV[V, BLiLRiW* [V, RV sVR NRPVaRP
xqssWyLS][ xms gRiRxms[NTP RsVsogS ]LigjiRW}qs NUP RVxqsV Fqss[Vs @RRV. INRPL][ @RRV
NRPszmsLiRNRPF[ RVMxms[yLiRsVLi][? ssVVxts QssVVxtsQLi @RT N][xqsLi gRiVsWsNTP RWxmso
][LRiV NRP xmsTgSxmsoV NS}qsyV. @j INRPxmsVRV. BxmsV][... NSLi sWLjiLij. NRPs[V{ms Fqss[Vs
NRPsVsVLRiVgRiRWRV. xmsINRPLji @LRiP[RV[ |qsFnsV DLiRRLi, \|mss[ N]LjiRVLì ssxqs
yRyR sxqsLjiLiRRLi][ Fqs s[Vs NRPNTPFRWRV. [V @LijLiP[ xmss
xqssgjiFsRLi][ jgSVxmsTFRWRV. sWLRiVRVs xmsLjizqsRV[ NRP Rzmss sys RRVNRPVs
NRPXLigjiNRPXbPLiFRWRV. @Li s[xmsRLi[ sVd NUPRVxqsVNTP NRP zmsLiP[ 7e |J...
s\T
>TsTys+ 23 @| 2015
H&T @| +sY |dtjTsY |*\T

\|RLS`, ALiRxms: ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQ BLiLkiTRV [LRiV gRiR
s[ sLRi*zLis xmsRsV xqsLisR=LRi xmnsysV gRiVLRiVyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi 5
gRiLiNRPV xmsNRPLisVyLRiV. sRVyR[s xqs NRPNRPLì NSLSRVLi[s
NSslLis= V[ G{ms syaS sVLi gRiLi bdPsyxqs LSso ryRVLiRLi 5
gRiLiNRPV sRVR P[RVsVsV [Lì @jNSLRiVV INRP xmsNRPs[ FyLRiV.
e dT\qT n$Td
$Tq dT\T : eT+ |
e+ u dMTsD #<..?
q\T>T]| ndVq+
\|RLS`, ALiRxms :sNRP` WsVVsV ANRPsV}qs FsLiR yLji\sy

sRNRPVLiy R xmsNSLRiLi NTPsVs ZNP[xqsVV |ms NRPhjis RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVs
xqssWyLRi aS sVLi xms LRixmnsVVyRlLiT |RLjiLi yLRiV. NRP N][LS[ sNRP`
WsVVV @s[ bdPL<jiNRP NTPLiR VRyLRiLi ALiR xms[ xmsRVLjiR\sVs yLRiNRPRysNTP
sVLi xqsLijLiyLRiV. NRP\|ms syLRi LjizmsLi ][xtsQV\|ms ZNP[xqsVV ssWRV
P[RW=LijgS \sVyLki xqsLiZOP[QsV aS NRPsVxtsQsLì sVx` BgSsV A[bPLiyLRiV.
\sVyLki xqsLiZOP[QsVLi, sN`P AxqsV xmsLjiLRiORPQ xms xmsVR*Li RaRPVj][ NRPXztsQ P[rLiRs
ARVs FyLRiV. AxqsVsV AsXj P[zqs AyRV ssLRiVVgS dLjijj sP[
AyRWs Ljigji yLjiZNP[ LRiV |msRysVs ARVs FyLRiV. sN`P AxqsV
xmsLjiLRiORPQ N][xqsLi NRPNRPLì, Fs{qs AR*LRiLi[ NRPsVsV sRVsVLiysVs,
xmsd s xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiys A[bPLisVgS ARVs FyLRiV. Bs[
BgS][ NRPzqs C aS @jNSLRiVV, sNRP` Bs=|msNRPLì][ LSxts ryLiVV xqssWs[aRPLi
sLRi*zLi ysVyLRiV. AxqsV xmsLjiLRiORPQNRPV dxqsVN][y=s RLRi\|ms A[aSV
BysVs xms LRixmnsVVyRlLiT FyLRiV.
s.23 k>qsT *|t n+#H\T

\|RLS`, ALiRxms :RVLigRiRsj\|ms sLjiLis gRiVLRiVLSxmnsVs[LiR
FsFR xmsRNRPLi[ gRiLigS Ds r~gRisWLRiV ms sLRi*x @LiRysV
23.38N][LRiWFyRVNRPV |msLiRVRW xmsVR*Li DRLRiV*V LkiP[zqsLij.
aRPRVLi[ dssVs][FyVgS FsFR sLRi*x RRsV Gyj
FyV sLRi*zLiP[LiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLis @LiRysV |msLiRVRW ssLRiVaS
sVVNSLRiRLji+ AjRy`yqs VRyLRiLi C s[VLRiNRPV DRLRiV*V LkiP[aSLRiV.
@| & se\wH
|eT><e] 23q bs+u+
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : ALiRxms[a`P[ ` \ sxmssLi FyLRiLiLi
NSsVLiRs }qs FssLki NRPslLi[*xtsQs sVxtsQs {qsCJ RLiRZaP[LìlLiT sTLiyLRiV.
xmsbPsVg][ysLji sLRiryxmsoLRiLi[ Cs23s sVxtsQs \PLRis zqsqs .ydsxmsry` ` V xmsLizmsNSLRiNRPsWs FyLRiLiryLRiyLRiV. 24s
LigSlLiTgRiWLi[ sVLi xqsVR C NSLRiNRPsWsNTP bdPNSLRiLi RVRyLRis
ssLjiLiyLRiV. C [ GRVsLRi ORPQ BNRPV 15ORPQ VV xmsLizms
P[RVsVsV sTLiyLRiV. C Gyj s sLjiyNTP LSxtsQLi[ ALRiN][
VV xmsLizms ORPQLigS |msVNRPVssVyLRiV. gRiVLiWLRiV, @sLiRxmsoLRiLi,
bdPNSNRPVLi, xmsbPsVg][ysLji [` VV xmsLizms P[RVsVsV {qsCJ
RLiRZaP[LìlLiT C s[VLRiNRPV INRP xmsNRPs[ ssLjiLiyLRiV.
> HH s+>+ ~>Tq V#]

$XK eT+T\ n+\T
ss\qT |{+#Ty\
>+{ #Ts
njTq yK\| >s+>s+
| | dm+ \<s\+f m?
MTq |esY |j+#+&
| |> &|P{ dm+
s| #Ts
\|RLS`, ALiRxms :sVd sVd VRVy... ds
xmssdLRiV[ sWLRiV LSy [sxmsORPQLi[ BLiRVV
xmsRyLRiV... dsVNRPV xqsLS*jNSLRiVVyLiVV... ys DxmsW
gjiLiRVN][LiT... xms xmssNTP sVVsVLi [NRPLi P[xqsVN]
[yLi[ Fs... B[Li g][[RV... B\lgi[ xmsVy*s
Fs sTzmsry... C yV FssLRiV P[aSL][ Vry?
VRyLRiLi xqsyRVLi[ Ljigjis ALiRxms[a`P sVLi
sVLiR xqssWs[aRPLi[ DRLSLiR FyLiysNTP Lijs
sVWRV sVLiRVsV D[bPLi sVVsVLi
RLiRV @xqsxsLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. C NRPV Lijs
sVLiRV\|ms xmsL][ORPQLigS R*sVyLRiV. ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQ
LSys sLSsNTP FsVsLi BLij [NRPVLiy WsVs
xqsdsVNRPLji}qs sRVsgRiLRiLi [s [gSxmsoLRiLi[
sLjiLiRR|mss @LiRLSdRV ssWyaRPRWsNTP WsVs
xqsdsVNRPLjiLiRsVs N][Lji[ FssLjiNTP yLRiV xmssV
ssxLjixqsVyLRis @xqsV sVLiRVV FsLiRVNTP P[xqsVyL][
@LRiLi NSsRLi [Rs RLiRV sVLiTxmsTsV VrLij.
DRLSLiR FyLiysNTP Lijs sVLiRVV @yRVVRV,
sVXs, gRiLi bdPsyxqsLSso, LiRNSRV
@RVsFyRVRV RsV ssLRi \ZaPs sWLRiVN][ys [s
xmsORPQLi[ xmsysWRWsV sRVN][szqs sxqsVLiRs
RLiRV |RLjiLisV xqssWyLRiLi. ssWyaRPRV
sLSsNTP 15 s[ FsNRPLSsV xqsdsVNRPLjiLiys ORPQLigS
|msVNRPVysVs BLiRsLRiNRPV W xqsdsVNRPLRi[ FsVsLi
xmsoL][gRi [Rs sVLiRVV C sxtsQRVLi[ GLi P[xqsVyL][
RVs xmsLjizqs GLRiTLiRs ARVs INTPLiR @xqsxsLi
sNRPLi P[zqssV xqssWyLRiLi. W xqsdsVNRPLRi[ BLiRVV
FsRVL_RVyRVs
ssWyaRPRV
sLSsNTP
xmsFyjLis WsVVsV B xqssV (LjiRV Fs}qs
sLiRLRiV)gS P[zqs GxmsV][ sNRPLiVVLiyLRis kss W
xqsdsVNRPLRi[ @yLiRLSV FsRVL_RVyRVs sVLiRVV
ssLjiLiP[ xmsRVRLi P[RVgS RLiRV sVLiRVNRPV
sVL][ryLji NSqs {msNSLRiV. LjiRV Fs}qs P[}qs BLi[sVVLiRs
MTsT..eT+ nq $wjT+
>TsT+#T+&
qs| #+<uT #Ts
B xqssV N]sVg][V P[zqss yLjiNTP xmsVR*Li sxtsQ

xmsLjiLRiLi xqsVLiRs sxtsQRWs FsLiRVNRPV xms[NRPF
RVyLRis ARVs sVLiRVsV xmsbPLiyLRiV. dsVNRPV
P[RgSNRPF[ xmsLiT s[s[ s ssWyaRPRWsNTP @sxqs
LRi\sVs WsVVsV Fs xqsdsVNRPLjiLiy[ Vy. INRPs[
WsVV xqsdsVNRPLRi P[RVRLi NRPVRLRis xmsORPLi[ W }qsNRPLRiNRPV
xmsVR*Li zqsRxmsRVRVLiRs @xmsVRV GsV Ljigjiy yNRPV
FsVsLi xqsLiLiRLi [Rs sVLiRVNRPV RLiRV
RVsV xqssWyLRiLi.
saSxmsLi NRPV Lijs sVLiRVV BxmsNTP
sVsxqsLRiV |msLiRVN]s INRPLji\|ms INRPLRiV AL][xmsV,
xmsyL][xmsV P[xqsVN][sRLi BNRP\sy sRyys zRso
xmsNSLRiV. DRLSLiR[ VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki LigS DLiRs
FyLki s[RV, sVLiRVV sVLjiLiRgS FyLkis [}msRLi
P[}qsLiRVNRPV ]LRis RWFy[ Rxms AL][xmsV, xmsyL][xmsV

P[xqsVNRPVLi[ sxtsQF[Vj FyLkiRVs Ry*LS A xmssLi
xmsVR*Li\|ms NRPWy xmsRVRVLiRs sxtsQRWs gRiVLRiVLiRV
N][ys RLiRV zRso xmsNSLRiV. saS NRPV
Lijs sVLiRVV gRiLi bdPsyxqsLSso, @RVs FyRV
RVV FsRsVVxLi, |msRsVVxLigS DLiVs xqsLigRi zqsLi
[. Bs saS xmsLRisNRPV ss {qsFsLi RLiRV BRLRiV
sVLiRVV xqsRgS DLiys N][LSLRiV. [sxmsORPQLi[
sVLiRVV BRLji D][gSNRPV sVVxmsV yVRVLiRs
|RLjiLis xqsLigRi zqsLi[. sVLisVLiR xqssWs[
aRPLi[ saS NRPV Lijs xmsLiyLiVVdLS aS sVLi
@RVs FyRVRV lLiLiRV L][ NTPRLi @sNSxms sWNRP
sLSsNTP xqsLiLijLi FyLki sxqsXRryLiVV xqssWs[aRPLi[ P[zqss
ysV RLiRV xmsrysLiyLRiV. ZNP[sLi VgRiV[aRPLi
<$H, sy\| uT |X+d\ es+

Fsxms sLRiNRPV xmspLji P[zqs xmsNRPV dsLRiV
@LijrysW VRW xms][ sVs[VNRPsV[VLiRVNRPV xmsRVxqsVyLRis
@yLRiV.
xmsVR*Li xmss[aRP|mss xmsRNS
sV @sVV P[xqsVs NSLRi NRPsWsV
xms[NTP sxqsXRLigS dxqsV NRPVs
FyLkiNTP xmssV P[LRiVs P[}qsLi RVNRPV
ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsV aS sVLi
NTPuLìV P[zqss xmsRVyV xqsxmnsd
NRPXRsVRWRVs RLiRV }msL]
yLRiV. sVLi LSxtsQLi[s 13
[ P[xmss RR xqsLiZOP[QsV RWR
sRVsLiR\sVLiRs C RWR
y*LS RR, gjiLjisVNRPV xmsVR*Li
@sVV P[xqsVs xmsRNSV xms[NTP
dxqsVNRPVsgRigSLRis sVgRiy aS
sVLiRVVgS xmssP[zqss @sV

sLi [NRPFLiVVy ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQ
] sVLisLRiLi[ P[Ljis Lki
dsFyLRiVR aS sVLi [ss[s
DsWsV}aRP*LìLSso, gjiLjis xqsLiZOP[QsV
aS sVLi LSs NTPuLìV BRLRi
sVLiRV NRPy s[gRiLigS RWxqsVNRPV
FRVyLRis sVgRiy sVLiRVV \|qsRLi
C BRLji sVLiRVsV RWzqs sVVLiRVNRPV rygSs N][LSLRiV. aSxqssxqs[,
xmsVR* NSLRiNRPsW[ C BRLRiV
sVLiRVV RsV\s \ZaP[ ssxLji
xqsVyLRis xmsaRPLizqsLiyLRiV. rygRiVds
FyNRPVNRPV xqsLiLijLi sxmsORPQ FyLki
V Fss AL][xmsV P[zqsy [ss[s
k\s xqssWysLi BxqsVyLRis
FyNRPVsV Fs xmspLji P[rysW
sVLiRVV B[ [ xmsRVs}qs
@RVR xmnsyV sryRVs {qsFsLi
RLiRV zmssV xqssWyLRiLi. xmsVR*Li xqssWLi[s @s sLSNRPV
Fs[ NSLRiNRPsWV, xmsRNSV
@sVV P[RVRLi][ FyV dsN][xqsLi
N][j LRiWFyRVsV LRiV P[rLi
Rs @LiVV y xms[NTP s C xmsR
NSsV ssLjiLi xmsNRPV RgRiLRi[V
xmsLjizqs RV[ ARW aS sVLiRVV
[NRPF sRLi yNRPLRiLigS DLiRs
RLiR V As[Rs sNRPLi P[aSLRiV.
sVLi RVV BNRP\sy RsV aS xms
xmsV ryjLi @jNSLRiVsV F~LRisW
LiVVLi xmsVR* NSLRi NRPsW
@sVV NRPV RaRPVj][ xmssP[ RWs
zRso xmsNSLRiV.
"dsVLRiV sVLi @s sxtsQRVLi gRiVLRiVLiRVN][LiT.

@Li[NSRV... Txmsp sVVsVLi NRPWy.. J FsLiALìJ
ryLiVV @jNSLjiNTP NRPWy xmss xms[LS. xmsVR* sLRiRWs
sVLiR ryLiVV @jNSLji @NRPsV}qs sVLiRLiR[LS. dsV
x[ysV, @jNSLSs gRiVLRiVNRPV RVN][LiT. xms s
sxtsQRVLi yyNS [sRV. @jNSLSV ssWgjiLiRLiT'
@s RLiRV Dxms sVVsVLi ssVNSRV
sLSxmsNRPV RVLRiNRPLiLiyLRiV. dsLRiVcV NSLRiNRPsVLi
NTPLiR LRiVso xmspTNRP y*LS sP[ ILiRV sVs \lLiRVsV
dxqsVNRPVFss*NRPVLiy lLissW zqsLij @RVNRPVLiV
yLRis sLSxms sVVsVLi RXztsQNTP yLRiV. ks\|ms
xqsLijLis RLiRV sVLis sVLiRxqsW xmsVR*
syys @sVV P[RVRLi[ NRPhjisLigS ssxLjiLi
ys xqsWLiyLRiV. kLi][ NTPLijryLiVV[ @jNSLRiV
sVLi FsRVLRi[V xqssVxqssV sVVsVLi RXztsQNTP
P[LiRVNRPV xmsRVLi RsV xmsFyRssV
DxmsxqsLixLjiLiRVNRPVsV N]LiRLRiV sVLiRVV FyLRiV.
FyLki yRVNRPVV, NSLRiNRPLRiV, FyLki @sWsVV s[zqss
J][s[ ysV lgiVs[Rs @sR FyLki[ Ds s[RsV
Rs\sxmso xmsN][sRLi s[ sRVLi ryjLiyss @RVs
FyRVRV P[zqss xmsNRPssV RLiRV RxmsVxmsLRiV. C
xmsNRPs FsLiRVNRPV P[RVszqs sLi][ BLiRVNRPV gRi
NSLRi[Li[ ssLjiLiys RLiRV N][LSLRiV. C
xmsNRPs[ R}mssV [Rs BRLRi [ Fs LjigjiLi][ Rs
sW NRPsLRiLi[sW @[ LjigjiLiRs sVLi RVyLRiV.
@sR FyLki s[RsV Rs\sxmso xmsVN][sRLi s[ FssNRP[
lgiy ss ARVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. dsVLRiV FysRLi
szxqsVs RWLRiV [s LRiVxms [N`Pxqs[ FyLki
@Lji JTFLiVVs sxtsQRWs ARVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV.
sVVLiRxqsVgS sxmsORPQ FyLkiNTP Lijs yLji][ sWRVN]s
DLi[ LRiVxms [N`Pxqs][FyV C sWNRPsLRi xmsLjij[
Ds @s @|qsLid sWNRPsLS[ FyLki @LRiVV
sRVZNP[RsLi FsgRiVLRis[zqs DLi[yLRis @RVs FyRVRV zmssV xqssWyLRiLi. sVVLiRxqsV xmsNRP][ ssxLjiLiRRLi
s[ @sNSxms[ ysV lgiVF~Liyss [NRPF[ @sNSxms
LRiVxms [N`Pxqs Ljigji DLi[Rs sVLi @sV xqssW
yLRiLi. xmss[ xmssgS sVLi gRiLi ssLRi \ZaP\|ms RLiR
V dsryLiVV[ @xqsLiRXzms sNRPLi P[zqssV xqssWyLRiLi.
BRLRi FyLki sVLi VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki[ P[Ljis NSLRiNRPLRi][
FyV FyLki AsLSsLi sVLi FsVsLi xmsRsoV
AbPLiRNRPVLiy Liy sWzqss yLjis NSxqs xmsLiRVN][LiRs
sVLi gRiLiNRPV RLiRV zRso xmsNSLRiV.
<T+>\ <=+>\| dssT =s& ymdt &\T e=<T
#{\T ]qs+ #j\ @|

eT+ eT+&* sjT+
md, md\ eekjT jT+\
d_& 70X |+|
1 qT+ |+q |sYd neT\T
u>|s+ e< n+srjT $eHXjT+
yT 1 qT+ 10 es >eTdu\T
yTH\ nbC\qT
d+<]+#qTq dm+
k d+d\ |C |<T\ J\
|+|q |d+|T+
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : @ds xqsLixmsRsV ][RVNRPVs[
yLji\|ms N]LRiy LRi&VVzmsLiys ALiRxms[a`P xmsVR*Li
sLRiLiVVLiLij. @LiRVN][xqsLi @ds RsV sVLjiLiR
NRPhjisRLRiLi P[RWs sVLisVLiR dLSLiLij.
VRyLRiLi xqsyRVLi[ {qsFsLi RLiRV @RORPQRs
Ljigjis ZNP[Ts xqssWs[aRPLi[ C sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV.
@sLiRLRiLi GLSV P[zqss dsVTRW xmssRV xqssWs[aRPLi[
xqssWyLRi, FLRi xqsLiLiyaS sVLi xms LRixmnsVVyRlLiT
sWRVRW, xmsVR* yNRPV gRiLiT N]RVRW, xqsgjiLigìNRPV
FyRVRVs yLji\|ms {msU RWNRPV xmsWgjixqsVysVyLRiV.
FsLRiRLiRsLi xqsgjiLigìsV xmsVR*Li dsLigS xmsLjigRirLiRs
FyLRiV. @LiRV[ gRiLigS bPORPQV, LjisWyV |msLiys

ZNP[s[ sLRiLiVVLisV FyLRiV. FsLRiRLiRsLi ZNP[xqsV[
sVVRryLji xmsVTs xqsgRiLRiNRPV 5xqsLisR=LS \VbPORPQ,
LRiW.3ORPQ LjisWy, @[ s[LRiLi lLiLi][ryLji P[}qs
7xqsLisR=LS \VbPORPQ, LRiW.5ORPQ LjisWy sjLiys
dLSLiysVyLRiV.
BRLRi @ds s[LS[ sVVRryLji xmsVTs yLjiNTP
3xqsLisR=LS \VbPORPQ, LRiW.5s[Q LjisWy, @[ s[LRiLi
lLiLi][ryLji P[}qs Gyj \VbPORPQ, LRiW.30s[ LjisWy
sjLiys xmsVR*Li sLRiLiVVLiLi RyLRiV. Bs Ljigjis
xmnsVssV RXztsQ[ |msVN]s 84 [qs NSLixmsoV, 37
qsFnLì= XLiyV, 51 N`PFxqsVV GLSV P[zqssV
FyLRiV. LSxts yxmsLigS 130 NRPV[ 5ORPQ |NSLRi
xmsLjij[ FsLRiRLiRsLi yzmsLi DLiRyLRiV. xmsVR*Li
sLRi*zLis xqslLi[* xmsNSLRiLi 40s[ sVN`P sV
FsLRiRLiRys xqsgRiLRiV N]g]sV FyLRiV. ks
sRVLiLiP[LiRVNRPV 1500 NTP[dsVLRi xmsLjij[ @RsoNRPV 10
@RVgRiV FsRVs |mss=Ligì P[RWs xmsVR*Li
sLRiLiVVLiLiRyLRiV.
D][gRiVNRPV xmsVR*Li xmsNRPLis 43 aSRLi
zmnssVLisV 2014 s 2sVLi @sVV P[RWs
xmsFyRssV sVLisVLiR AsWjLiLiRyLRiV. |msLis
s[RsLi sP[s (2015 s[V s) 1sVLi @sVV P[RVRLi
LRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. sVgRiy {msALì{qs zqsFyLRixqsVsV
DxmsxqsLixmnsVLi xmsLjibdPxqsVLiRyLRiV. ssryRV RWLid
NRPLRisV FR=zLiRysNTP, RLS*LS |msVT sRWs
RgjiLi, DRRVsV |msLiRysNTP RR, gjiLjis \lLiRVNRPV BP[
xqs=Us 50 sVLi 70aSysNTP |msLiRRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV.
saSxmsLi sVLi s^ sLRiNRPV BLiRzqsRV NSLjiyLìsV
sN]ysNTP GzqsRVs smssVLi LiNRPV y*LS
LRiW.6200 N][ LRiVs F~Li[LiRVNRPV ZNP[LiR xmsVy*sNTP

xmsFyRs xmsLiFys sVLisVLiR[ dLSLisV
sVLi LRixmnsVVyRlLiT FyLRiV. saS [gSxmsoLRiLi sR
@LiRLSdRV ssWyaRPRVLi sN]s sLRiLiVVLiysV
yLRiV. @LiRVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs 12s[ FsNRPLS W xqsdsVNRPLRi
NSLRiNRPsWs R*LRi[s[ FyLRiLirysVyLRiV.
xmsNRPX \sxmsLkiy[ Ljigjis xmsLi suysNTP LiP[
xmsLjiLSs |msLis xmsFyRssV ZNP[s AsWjLisV
FyLRiV. LSxtsQLi[ ygRiVds FsRTs dlLi[LiRVNRPV gSdsV ds
xqsLRixmnsLS aSNRPV LRiW.122 N][V, xms ds xqsLRixmnsLS aSNRPV
LRiW.55 N][V, xmsaRPVgSrysNTP LRiW.25 N][V sRVR P[}qsLiRVNRPV
xmsVR*Li A[aSV BLiRyLRiV. @[sRLigS dsLRiVcV
NSLRiNRPsWsNTP FyysR By*s, s[V s 1sVLi 10 sLRiNRPV
gSsV xqsV sLRi*zLiys sVLisVLiR[ sLRiLiVVLi
sV FyLRiV. sP[ 10 L][[gS @s rygRiVds
xqsLixmnsWNRPV NRPsVsV GLSV P[rysVyLRiV. s[V 31[gS
sVVsVLi RLiRV @s FyNRPVsV xqsLiRLji+ryLRis,
@s NSVs\|ms GLjiRV xqslLi[* P[ryLRis FyLRiV.
NS* gRi\|mss[ sVVsVLi sjLi yxqss xmsLjizqsRVV,
\lLiRV @sxqsLSsV VxqsVNRPVLiLRis FyLRiV. LRiW.5ORPQ
sLRiNRPV y P[}qs @jNSLSsV BLjilgi[xtsQs aS UCNRPV
@xmsgjiLiys sLRiLiVVLisV }msL]yLRiV. FsLRiLi
sVVLixmso gSsW s xqsLixmsRsV sNTP dRWs
sLRiLiVVLiysVyLRiV. BxqsVNRP Lki`sV |msLi 48 gRiLi[gS
BxqsVNRPsV ][Lì sLki P[}qsLiRVNRPV RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLiVy
sVyLRiV. @LigRisyU RLRi s[RyV rysNRP xqsLixqs xms
xmssRVNRPV s[RyV |msLiP[ @LiaRPLi\|ms @RRVsLi P[zqs
xmsVy*sNTP ss[jNRP xqssVLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV sVLisLRi
DxmsxqsLixmnsWs sRVsVLiys ZNP[s dLSLisV
sVLi xms ssLjiLiyLRiV.
n$ @mdt\| #+<uT
eT+T\ |s<T
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : NSLilgiqs xmsVR*Li[ \sFsqs
LSZaP[LRilLiT xRWLi[ NUPNRP aS[ xmssP[zqss HGFsqs @jNSLRiVV
RsVNRPV xqsxNRPLjiLiRRLi [RLiW ALiRxms[a`PNRPV Lijs xmsVsoLRiV
sVLiRVV sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRVNRPV sVVLRi|msVNRPV
yLRiV. \sFsqs xmsVR*Li[ RNRPLi zms ][zmsUNTP xqsxNRPLjiLis
@jNSLRiVV y sVLij RsV xmsVR*Li[ NRPWy NUPNRP aS[
DyLRis zmnsLSRV P[aSLRiV. gRiR xmsVR*Li[ dxqsVNRPVs sLRiRW
gRiVLjiLi N]LiRLRiV HGFsqs @jNSLRiVV RsVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs xqssW
yLRiLi Bs*RLi [Rs AL][zmsLiyLRiV. VRyLRiLi Ljigjis sVLisLRi
xqssWs[aRPLi[ N]LiRLRiV sVLiRVV RLiRV RXztsQNTP C sxtsQRWs
@jNSLRiVxms RsV @xqsLiRXzms sNRPLi P[zqssV zqsLij.
Bj DLiRgS, gRiRLi[ ssLRiVV, gRisVV, xmsLjiaRP sVV,
sVVs=xms, lLissW, xqssWyLRi RjRLRi aS[ Lki NRPVLiN][V
Ljigjis sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. C NRPVLiN][\|ms {qsH RLSxmso[
xqsRLRiV @jNSLRiVV \VNRPV sgS, sVLjiN]Li RLRiV {qsdH yLki{tsQ[
sLijRVVgS DyLRiV. @LiVV[ BLiRV[ N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiVsV
LigSNRPV ZNP[LiVVLiRgS, sVLji N]LiRLRiV |qsso\|ms Ds sxtsQRVLi
zqsLi[. @LiVV[ {qsdH yLkix{tsQ[ }msLRiV [sxmsNTP @sdsNTP
xmsRORPQLigS, xmsL][ORPQLigS xqsxNRPLjiLis HGFsqsV, N]LiRLRiV BRLRi
DsyjNSLRiVV ALiRxms[a`P xmsVR*Li[ xmssP[xqsVyLRiV. \sFsqsNRPV
@RLiR xqsszRVVgS xmssP[zqss @jNSLRiVV LSxts ss
@sLiRLRiLi VgRiV[aRPLi xmsVR*Li[ NRPWy NUPNRP FxqsV[
DLiRRLi][ sVLiRVV ds AgRixLi sNRPLi P[xqsVyLRiV. NUPNRP
FxqsV[ Ds @jNSLRiVsV jd P[zqs syR LRizRV\s yLjis
sRVsVLiy=LijgS RLiRVNRPV szms P[aSLRiV. gRiR
xmsVR*Li[s @NRPsWV, @sds NRPVLiN][\|ms xqssWyLRiLi B}qs
NSLilgiqs FyLkis sVVLigS \sNSFy @RORPVRV gRi[xslLiTs
FsLiRgRi[LiRVNRPV RsVNRPV ARVVRLigS DLiVLiRs sVLiRVV

sxqsVyLRiV. RsV xmsVR*Li\|ms gRis P[}qs ssVLRi+sV zmsN]
ARVs RLiT LSZaP[LìlLiT P[zqss @NRPsWsV sVgRiV[NTP P[LiRVNRPV @sNSaRPLi DLiVLiRs @LiVyLRiV. gRiR aSxqssxqs xqssWs[aRPLi[
NRPWy \sFsqs xRWLi[ Ljigjis @NRPsW\|ms xqssWyLRiLi Bs*[Rs
N]LiRLRiV sVLiRVV @jNSLRiV }msLRi][ xqsx RLiR VNRPV zmnsLSRV
P[zqssV zqsLij. BLi @jNSLRiVsV sLis[ RzmsLi
xmsVy*sNTP saS*xqsLigS xmssP[}qs yLjis NUPNRP FxqsV[ sRVsVLi
ys N][LRiVRVyLRiV. N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiV dLRiV\|ms RLiRV NRPWy
ds @xqsLiRXzms sNRPLi P[xqsVsV INRP sVLi FyLRiV. \sFsqs
Fys[ @Li][BLi][ NRPWRVNRPVs @jNS LRiVV xmsVR*Li
dxqsVNRPVs[ NUPNRP\sVs sLRiRWNRPV xqsLiLijLis yNRPVsVLiV NRPWy
xmsxmsOSQsNTP @LijxqsVyLRis sVLiRVV ALi][s sNRPLi P[xqsVyLRiV.
N]s RVNRPV sTLiRs DRLRiV*V (NSss<RV [V) NRPWy zLRiRLi @soRVy RVs sVLiRVV AgRixLi sNRPLi
P[xqsVyLRiV. xmsLjizqs Blgi[ N]srygji[ \sFsqs saS*xqs FyRV\s
@jNSLRiV][ xmsVR*Li @xms NUPLjis sVWgRiVN][szqs sxqsVLiRs
As[Rs sNRPLi P[xqsVyLRiV. BLi @jNSLRiVsV sLis[ FyysR
[s FxqsVNRPV jd P[}qss[ xmsVR*Li sVLjiLiR xqssVLRiLigS xmsNRPV
}qssV @LijLiRgRiVgRiVRVLiRs RLiRVNRPV szms P[aSLRiV.
+>dt bsTu
3 H\ deT
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : ALiRxms[a`P xmsVR*Li
ssLRiVaS\|ms xmspLjiryLiVV[ RXztsQ ZNP[LikNRPLjiLiLij.
LSxtsQLi[ gRiR xmsVR*Li P[xmss xmsV rygRiVdsFyNRPV
xmssVV @xqssxqsLigS sVWLRiLi][ ys Ljigji gST[
|ms[LiRVNRPV sVVsVLi RLiRV xms[NRP aRPR
dxqsVNRPVLiVyLRiV. FyNRPVNRPV FyysRV FsLizmsNRPP[zqs
xmssVV xqsNSLi[ xmspLjiP[}qsLiRVNRPV OSQV sLRiLiVVLi
@jNSLRiVNRPV jaSslLi[aRPsLi P[xqsVyLRiV. @LiRV[ gRiLigSs[
LSxtsQLi[ GRV FyNRPVsV xmsVR*Li FyysR xmsRNSV
gS FsLizmsNRP P[xqsVNRPVLij. C xmsRNSNRPV xqsLiLijLis dmns
BLidsLRiV , NSLiNRPLRi][ sVVsVLi RLiRV
VRyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi xms[NRPLigS xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLi
yLRiV. ssLRiVaS sVLi [ss[s DsWsV
}aRP*LRiLSso, sVVNSLRiRLji+ @jRy` yqs AaSNRPV
Lijs @jNSLRiVV Fys C xqssWs[aRPLi[ {qsFsLi
FyNRPV yLkigS xmssVsV xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRiV. xmsRNS xmssVV
P[xmss NSLiNRPLRiV ys xqsNSLi[ FsLiRVNRPV xmspLji
P[RV[NRPFRVyLRiV..ARW xmsRNS xmssVNRPV xqsLiLijLi
s+e bC\ e< +&+&

\eqsT\ dMT dm+ #+<uT
Ds xqssVxqsV GsV RjRLRi ssLSsV NSLiNRPLRisV
@Tgji VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. ARW xmsRNS xmssVNRPV
xqsLiLijLi ryLiZNP[NRPxmsLRi\sVs xqssVxqs][ FyV
ALjiNRPxmsLRi\sVs xqssVxqssV xmsLjixqsLjiLi xqsxNSLRiLi @Lij}qs xmsVR*Li][ xqsxNRPLjiLi xqsNSLi[ xmssVV xmspLjiP[}qsLiRVNRPV
zqsRLigS DysVs xqssWs[aRPLi[ Fys xmsVsoLRiV
NSLiNRPLRiV sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRVNRPV
sssLisV xqssWyLRiLi. NSLiNRPLRiV ARW xmsRNS
xmssV xqsLiRLRiLigS FsRVL]LiVs xqssVxqsV ALjiNRPLigS
[sss xqssVxqsV xmsLjibPLiP[LiRVNRPV xmsVR*Li NRPWy
xqssVVLigSs[ DLiRs C xqsLiRLRiLigS {qsFsLi xqsWLisV
VrLij. sVWRV L][[ @s xqssVxqssV sL_
P[RWs {qsFsLi RLiRV ssLRiV aS @jNSLRiVsV
@xmsNRPxmsoRV A[bPLiyLRiV.
{msNSqs NSs yRLiT:

LSxtsQLi[ sLSLi[ Ds FyNRPV xmssVNRPV {msNSqs
NSs DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVs |msLiTLigì xmssVsV
RVVRFyxmsjNRPs xmspLjiP[RWs {qsFsLi @jNSLRiVsV
A[bPLiyLRiV. LSRV{qssVNRPV sVL][sVWRV s[ rygRiVdsLRiV
@LiRP[RW=Li[ @s xqsWLiyLRiV. xmsVR*Li xmsuyR
NRPLigS P[xmss dsLRiWcV NSLRiNRPsVLi xmssV xmsLRis[ORPQ
RRsV sxmsoV NRPsVNTP @xmsgjixqsVy sVyLRiV.
NSLiNRPLRiNRPV |msLiTLigì NSLiVVsV yLRiLiL][[ NTPRVLì
P[LiVVrysVs sTLiyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi sxmsoV
NRPsV @s@LiaSsV xqsdsVOTPQLi RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLiVLi
RyLRiV. I22 xmsNSLRiLi xmssV @LiRyV FsLiRVNRPV
AFyL][ xmsLjibdPLiys xmsVR* xmsysNSLRiRLji+ H\sALì
NRPXuyLSsosV A[bPLiyLRiV. @s xmsRNS xmssVV xmspLji
P[}qsLiRVNRPV FyNRPVyLkigS `\s sLRiLiVVLiyyLRiV.
gRiR xmsVy*V dxqsVNRPVs sLRiRWV @xqssxqs syyV,
xqsNSLi[ VV LiRNRPFsLi sLi yss[
FyNRPV xmssV xmspLjiNTP FsLiRVNRPVs OSQV y
@| sVQ!
RVyLRiV. BNRP sVLi NSLiNRPLRiV xmsRNS xmssV[

@xqsR*Li NRPsLji}qs xqszLiP[j [Rs |RLjiLi
yLRiV.NSLiNRPLRiV FyRxmsRRVsV sRyyyLRiV. @s
FyNRPV\|ms GLjiRV xqslLi[* sLRi*zrysVyLRiV.
xqsV=RWRV P[xms @s FyNRPVsV xmsLjibdPrysVs
LSLisV FyNRPV sRs[ gRiRVxmsoysVs sVVsVLi
RLiRV yRVVRV }msL]yLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[
ssLRiV aS, xmsLiyRVdLS, @dsaS @jNSLRiVV
FyyLRiV.
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: NSLilgiqs FyLki

DFyRORPVRV, RVVss[R LSxgSLik R*LRi[ ALiR
xms[a`PNRPV LSsV yLRiV. G{ms[ LSys sLSLi N][xqsLi
xmsLiF~sV NRPVyLRis AL][zmsxqsVs A FyLki
s[RV C @LiaRPLi][FyV, ZNP[LiRLi xmsFyjxqsVs W }qsNRPLRi xqssLRi RLidsVR
ZNP[LiR, LSxts xmsVy*\|ms FLS[ sRLigS DRsV NSLSRLRi
LRiWF~LijLiP[LiRVNRPV s[RV xqsyV P[xqsVyLRiV. C DRsV NSLRiNRPsVLi[
gRiLigS RVVss[R LSxgSLiks LSuysNTP dxqsVNRPVLSys s[RV
xmsRVyV P[xqsVyLRiV. Td[ C s 19s Ljigjis LSd xqsLiRLRiLigS G{ms{qs{qs
dmns Fss. LRixmnsVVdsLSlLiT s[RXR*Li[s sVVs[RLiRLRiW LSxgSLik][
xms[NRPLigS xqssWs[aRPsVRWLRiV. W }qsNRPLRi RsNTP FsdsG xmsVR*Li
dxqsVN]xqsVs xqssLRiV dsLigS slLi[NTPLiyds, C xqssLRiV s \lLiRVNRPV
Ljilgi[ suys yLjiNTP @LRiLi @[V sRLigS xmsyLRiLi P[RWs LSxgSLik
xqsWLis sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. G{ms[ LSys N][xqsLi xmsLi F~sV
sLiRLigS N]LiVs dLRiVsV C xqssVxqsNRPV [TLi DRsWs sxqsXR
xmsLSs ARVs s[RNRPV xqsWLisVgS VrLij. sWU yRVNRPR*Li[s
FsdsG NSL]lLi[ aRPNRPVNRPV xmsLi F~sV yLSRRLi P[rLiRs, FsdsG NSL]lLi[
aRPNRPV @sVNRPW \sLji FsLiRgRis xqsWLiyLRiLi VyLRiV. @V FyLRisVLi
xqssWs[aS[ BRLRi FyLkisV NRPVxmsoN]s C xqssVxqs\|ms FLSRRVsRs,
Rxqs RV NRPWy FLSV P[xmss P[zqss xqsWRs s[VLRiNRPV s[RV
FLSsNTP xqsyV P[xqsVsVgS VrLij.
s\T 3
>TsTys+ 23 @| 2015
$<ueH| n$ eTs\T
;& d|yT+ |\ |] ed
CsT> edt |sTT+>

n~sT\ jeT
dbsT\ b<q+
@mHjT ~>CsTTq $<
gRiVLiWLRiV, ZNPFssFss WL][ : \|msxqs}qs.. NS{msLiVVLi
gìsNRPV @sNSaRPsVrysVLiW dCU xqszmssVLiLki xmsLkiORPQ
}msLji sxqsWV.. zqsFnyLRiVxqsV][ sysgRi @j NSLRiV
sRWsVNRPLi .. r~sVVNRPV NRPNRPVLjixmsT @Rg][VgS sWRs
NRPaSNRPV Fss[{qsV LkiP[RVRLi .. sLRizqs AyLRi
ygSLRiVs saRP*syRV syN][LRiV=V yyNUP jgRi
LRiVRVyLiVV. sLji+[s N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiV P[yLi
NSLRiLigS sysgRiLi syysVRVLigS sWLRiV][Lij.
AyLRi ygSLRiVs RVWssLji+ xmsLjij[ 97 dCU NRPaS
VLiRgS, sVL][ 7 FsLiCU NRPaSV yLiVV. xmsV AL][xms s[xmsRLi[ 82 dCU NRPaSNRPV Bs DsR
sysVLiR ydRVV LkiP[RVRs[V BNRPR jgRiLRiV
][s syN][LRiV= sLRi*xNRPV sRLRi+ssVs xmssRV.

NSxqsVN][xqsLi NRPNRPVLjixmsRVRW..
dCU 2013c14 xqszmssVLiLki xmsLkiORPQV Cs 16s
[ks FyLRiLi\sV 24s [k sLRiNRPV LRigRisVyLiVV. C
xmsLkiORPQ }msLji xmsNRPLSuy syLRiV sVLi xmsV NRPaS
Lki sxqsW\|ms BxmsZNP[ DsyjNSLRiVNRPV zmnsLSRVV
@LiRVRVyLiVV. gRiVLiWLRiV [ HRV xmsLkiOSQ

ZNP[LiysV, NRPXuy[ INRP ZNP[Liys, xmsNSaRPLi[ ]sVj
ZNP[LiysV GLSV P[aSLRiV. syLRiVV NS{msLiVVLigì P[xqsVN][
sRs.. A @sNSaRPLi NRPLiyLi[ r~sVVV Liy=Li
[sLiW xmsV NRPaSV sLRiLiR sxqsWNRPV FyRVRV
yLiVV. dLì, LigS LSuy syLRiV RgRiLRi IN][
}msxmsLìNRPV LRiW.sLiVV sVLi LRiW.2s[NRPV \|msgSs[ sxqsWV
P[xqssV zmnsLSRVV sxqsVyLiVV. gRiRLi[ BVsLi AL][xmss NRPaS[s[ sVLRi C Gyj NRPWy xmsLkiOSQ
ZNP[LiyNRPV @sVsVRVs*RLi gRisVyL>RiLi.
sRWsVNS[ FyLRiRLRi+NRPR Gj..?
AyLRi ygSLRiVs RVWssLji+ FsRVZNP[xtsQs Us, [LRi`
Amns xqsUqs \LRissV NTPLiR yLRiLi sRVsVLiyLRiV. C
lLiLiRV sRWsVNS\|ms dCU NRPaS RWsWyV,
zmss=Fy= ssVLRi+V gRiVzmsxqsVyLRiV. gRiR sVW[VgS
GFssRVW rymnsgS @xmsps NSs sNTPs @jNSLjigS sRV
sVLiyLRis, @Rs][ 96 NRPaS rymnss @xmsps P[}qs
RRsV GsRLigS @xmsgjiryLRis xmsbPxqsVyLRiV. sLji+[
FssRW [ssRLigS dCU NRPaS zmss=Fy NSs yLjiNTP
\|qsRLi zqsFnyLRiV= ][ NUPNRP RRV @xmsgjiLiyLRis ssVLRi+V
q>\ yb] qT+
sszmsxqsVyLiVV. A BRLji[ INRPLji @L>RiR\|ms BxmsZNP[ N][LRiV

[sW yLi sRVxqsVLiRLi gRisVyL>RiLi.
sWsVW sWVs "Fss[{qs' Lki
Fss{qsC sWRsLigS LkiP[zqss [zmnsZNP[xtsQs[ N]R
NRPaSNRPV RLRixqsV P[RWLi[ sLji+ Fss[{qs ([
@ORPQs xqsLjizmnsZNP[) RP[RW. BLiRVNRPV RVWssLji+NTP
@jNSLjiNRPLigS slLi[bPLis {mns Liy= DLiVLij. ks
@RLi|msVNRPVs RVWssLji+ zqsLij LRiW. sVWRV s[
sVLi LRiW.HRVs[ sLRiNRPV sVVRVxmsoV sVV[, IZNP[INRP
L][[ Fss[{qss LkiP[xqsVsV AL][xmsV sszmsxqsV
yLiVV. C sRLigS LSxtsQLi[ G RVWssLji+[ [ss RLi
gS GFssRVW @RjNRP NRPaSNRPV Fss[{qsV Lki
P[zqssV AL][xmsV gRiVxmsVsVLiVyLiVV. zmnsLSRV ss
LRiLi\|ms RVWssLji+ ds{qs BxmsZNP[ xms[NRP NRPxqsLRiRV P[xqsV
yLRiV. RV\|ms RLRiV dxqsVNRPVs[ @sNSaRPLi DsV sLji+
sLSV VRVyLiVV. sWqsNS{msLiVVLigì\|ms RVWssLji+
{ms N][ALjis[L` sLiNRP[aRP*LRiV ssLRi BxqsW xms[NRP ry*
`][ sxmnsW GLSV P[aSsVyLRiV. xmsNSaRPLi[ xmsV][
ZNP[Liy[ NS{msLiVVLigìsNRPV FyTs yLjis xmsVNRPVysVs
FyLRiV.
eTV\ H|D_e~
yesY #jT
AgRiR, ZNPFssFss : NRPLRiWV , AgRiR xqsLji xmsLjij[s ygRisVLji
xmsLi[ \sd xqsLiRLRiLigS yxysV FdxqsVV RsdV P[xqsVLiRgS,
@LiRV[ xmsRWxqsVs LigSLRiV sgRi RVNSLi yFyLji yRVxmso LRixqsW @s[
sNTP sVLiT LRiW.28.60 ORPQsV ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVsV AgRiR BsyLki TFs{qs
xLjiy`lLiT FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi TFsqszms NSLSRVLi[ s[NRPLRiV][
sWRVRW NRPLRiWV Fsqszms AZNP.LRisNRPXxtsQ A[aS s[VLRiNRPV LSxmsp gRi{qs
FsNRPVs P[RWs A[aS s[VLRiNRPV ygRisVLji Fs|qs^= xLjixmsry` Rs zqsLij][
yxysV RsdV P[xqsVLiRgS, LigSLRiV sgRi yFyLji sRVxmso LRixqsW lLiLiRV
xqsLiRV[ RVsV dxqsVNRPVsxqsVLiRLi][ FyV 81 gSsVV LigSLRiV
ry*ksLi P[xqsVN][sRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. @LiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi LjiNSLRiVV
FsVsLis [NRPFsRLi][ A sVVys NRPLRiWV BsNRPLi N`P= @jNSLRiVNRPV
xmsLizmsLiRRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. AgRiR FyLiRLi[ FsLRiRLiRysNTP
xqsLiLijLis xqsgRiLRi ssLSsV RsVNRPV @LiR[}qs yLji }msLRisV LRixxqsLigS
DLiRRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs, FdxqsV aS @jNSLRiV][ @ds FyLiR xqsdsVxmsLi[
Ds gSsW xmsV xqsxNRPLjiLiys NRPWR Fs{qs AZNP[.LRisNRPXxtsQ
RV[aSLRis ssLjiLiyLRiV. ARVs][ FyV AgRiR zqsH JV[xqsV, sLiy
zqsH bPsxmsry`, ygRisVLji Fs|qs^= xLjixmsry`, GFs|qs^= yRVVRV, FdxqsV
zqsLij FyyLRiV.
qq|&T >H nHsT
H~ sH> <T..ddt >
myT sC
saSxmsLi, ZNPFssFss : @RVgRiV |mss xms

LRiLigRiLi[sW Rsj sRVs[Vss s, RWLiNRPLì,
FssV[ L][ }msL]yLRiV. ssxmsoRV g][s gì @s
ylLi[, A RLRiVyR HLRis gì @s RxmsoRV xmsyLRiLi P[zqs
yNRPV sVR P[ xmsRVRLi P[aSLRis ssVLji+LiyLRiV.
BxmsoRV FssV[s NRPWy @s*RLi][ ysV LSNUPRVLi
gSsW xmsps P[xqsVNRPVsVgS AsV sTLiyLRiV. VRy
LRiLi saSxmsLi[ AsV dsVTRW xqssWs[aRPLi[ @Tgjis
xmsaRPNRPV xqssWyssVxqsW xqsLijLiyLRiV. FssV[gS lgisRLi][
LSNUPRVLigSsW sLRiWzmsLi RVNRPVyss L][ }msL]yLRiV. RaSFyV zqsds
{L][LiVVsgS sRW xms sLRiWzmsLiRVNRPVyss FyLRiV. gRiXzgS
FsLiRgS xmsps P[xqsVNRPVy[ Rs zms @Tgji[ VyLRis @yLRiV.
VgRiV[aRPLiFyLki[ DsLiR NSLi NRPLi[, BxmsoRV ys[Li[ sLRiWxms
@LiVVLiRyLRiV. Fsxm NUP ysV xqsZNP=qsxmnsQogSs[ Dyss VRW BxmsoRV
@|qsLid[ Fs RWxqsVNRPV FRVy[ RWxqsVyLRiV NRPy @LiW ss[*aSLRiV.
Rs][ s[jLi VgRiV[aRPLiFyLki RssV HLRis gìgS xmsyLRiLi P[zqsLij RFy
@V zqsds xmsLjiaRPsV[sW, BV RWLiNRPLjiLigì LRiLigRiLi[sW NRPWy G IsgSs[
sgSss, BxmsNUP sVgRiVRVyss FyLRiV. BNRP LSNUPRV LRiLigRiLi[sW @[
xmsLiy[ Dyss ysV HLRis gì NSRs, g][s gì @s xmsoN]yLRiV.
xtsQNRPV, xmsLjisVRVNRPV NRPVT DLiss VRW L][, @|qsLid[ Rs dLRiVNRPV
@xms xmsLjizqsRV[ NSLRisVs sVL][ xmsaRPNRPV L][ xqssWyssVyLRiV.
#+<uT eTV <V

saSxmsLi, ZNPFssFss : FssNRPNRPV sVVLiRV sVz ryjNSLjiNRP[ ORPQsVs
zms lgiyNRP @[ sVz Fy ][zgS sWLjis RLiRV yRVVRVs G
sVz ORPQsVLiRRs FssV[, zqsds s, ds RWLiNRPLì
L][ ssVLji+LiyLRiV. LSxtsLi[ sVzV FsRVL]LiVs
@s[NRP xqssVxqsNRPV RLiRV yRVV[ NSLRisVs AsV
sLiyLRiV. FssNRP s[Vs|mnsr[ zmsLi]NRP,
ARLRi[ sVzsV @gRi]NRPRs[V RFy yLji
xmsWysNTP P[xmss RLRiV INRP GRs AsV }m
L]yLRiV. VRyLRiLi saSxmsLi[s \sry=Lì NSLilgiqs
FyLki NSLS RVLi[ AsV dsVTRW][ sWRVRW
RLiRVs AsV sVz ][zgS }msL]yLRiV.
sVzNRPV GsV P[RVysNUP VNRPV sVsxqsV LSRs
VRW, y*NS sVzNRPV LRiVV sW{mns P[LiVVrys zmss V A
sxtsQRWs[ xmsLiRVN][sLiRVs BxmsoRV yLRiLiy sU][ LiP[ xmsLjizqs
GLRiTLiRyLRiV. @jNRP aSRLi sVzV @xmso Fy\FRWLRiyLRiV.
sWLRiV[ @LiRLSdRV sVz j[R=sLi xqsLiRLRiLigS sWLRiV[
@LigRisyU sLRiLRiV RsVsV D][gRiVVgS xmsLjigRiLiys xmnsNSLRiV][ xmsRLRi+s
P[zqss 14 sVLijs xqs|qsLi` P[RVRLi RLiRV @xqsV \sLjis yVRVLiRs
}msL]yLRiV. F~LRiVgRiV LSuy[ @LigRis yU sLRiLRiNRPV yV |msLiRVRWLi[,
V yLji DsNTPZNP[ P[VgS RRWLRiRWLRis AsV ssVLji+LiyLRiV. Ljigji xqs|qsLi`NRPV gRiV\lLis 14 sVLijds sRV[NTP dxqsVN]s[ sLRiNRPW DRsVrysVs C xqsLiRLRiLigS
L][ |RLjiLiyLRiV.sVRLi @sVNSsV xmsVR* AR*LRiLi[s[ LRiVxmsoysVs
xmsNRPLiRRLi zqsgRiV P[yLRiV. xqssWs[aRPLi[ \sFsry=L` {qs{ms sgRiLRi @RORPVLSV
xmsxqsVxmso[ DuyLS, sW NSL]lLi[Lì {ms DsWLS, LRis lLiT,
N]RVxmsryRlLiT FyyLRiV.
| V<|
@LiRLRiLi RgjiLiRLi[ LSxts xmsVR*Li

y sWLRiVNRPV Rgjis sVRRVsxqsVLiRs
dsV ByLRiV. LSxtsQLi[ ssryRV
DR RVV |msLiRRLi[ y sWLì
ryLiZNP[NRP, sWlLiLigì xqsxNSLRiLi
@LijLiys N][LSLRiV. sVV\sVs
ssryRV DRRVNRPV G{mss BLilLi[
xtsQs xgS LRiWF~LijLi RRLi[
y sWLì ][xRxmsyyLRiV.
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi [ xmsLi[ ssR
LRiNS xmsLiRNRPV gjiLSNUP @jNRPLigS DLiRs,
xLkiNRPLì xgS LRiWF~ Li[ rysV
LRiLi A NRPV DLiRs ssLjiLi yLRiV.
ss ryRV DRRVNRPV sVLi sVs
sP[ jaRPgS y sWLì ][RRVRVLi
Rs AaSys sVV sVLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV.
ssryRV, Dys DR RVsV LS xtsQLi[s
JRlLi[so sVLiP[ FsgRiVsV P[xqsVNRPVs[ rNRP LSsV y
sWLì ssWgjiLi RVN][sR yLRiV.
C xqssWs[aRPLi[ ssryRV sVLi xmsFy
xmsoLSso, ssryRV aS xms[NRP sVV NSLRiRLji+
. sRVNRPVsWLì, {qsFsLiJ sVV NSLRiRLji+ xqsdtsQ
RLiR, zqss xqsxmsLiVVqs aS NRPsVxtsQsLì LSZaP[Lì, y
sWLRiV DsyjNSLRiVV FyyLRiV.
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: rysNRP xqsLixqs

@jNSLSsV xLjiLiP[ Ds [ sLiLì 44sV xmsVR*Li RORPQs[V LRiRV P[RWs \sFsqsALì NSLilgiqs
FyLki @jNSLRi xmssj @Li LSLiV TsWLi`
P[aSLRiV. @j rysNRP xqsLixqs g]LiRVZNP[ [ @s
ARVs @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi ARVs dsVTRW][
sWRVRW [ sLiLì 44sV LRiRV P[RVNRPVLi[
\sNSFy FLSLi P[xqsVLiRs |RLjiLiyLRiV.
NRPNRPLRiNRPV NRPWy G{ms {qsFsLi RLiRV yRVVRV
xmsR]NSV s[}qs NSLRiNRPsVLi P[xqsVyLRis ARVs ssVLji+LiyLRiV. HGFsqsNRPV
RLiRV bPORPQ Bs*RLi yLRiVsVyLRiV. RLiRVNRPV @RLiR
@sdsxmsLRiVRs[ sVVR DLiRs ARVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. V bPORPQ RLRigRiRV[
FysRLi RW}qs zqss xqsLki*|qsqs ryLiVV jgRiLjisV @szmsrLiRyLRiV.
s[aS g]xmsRsLi sVsN]Rs, @sXj\|ms RXztsQ |mss @Li LSLiV,
RLiRVNRPV zRso xmsNSLRiV.
yTTu nH]sY&
{ =qT>\T
j|tqT |yX|{q usrjT s
dm+ du+ d+ yqdT=dTHsT
saSxmsLi, ZNPFssFss : @LRiNRPV FsLi{ms N]Rxms gkiR

@xqsV gjiLjis sVz NSRs[ sxtsQRWs Bs J
HGFsqs @jNSLji sLSLjiLiyLRis Fy[LRiV FssV[ gjiT
CaRP*Lji }msL]yLRiV. gkiR rRLRiVRV ss[NSsLiR
sxtsQRVLi[sW RWLRiVg][ysLji [sW Fs{qs
NSRLiW sLRiWxms @LiVVLiRs AsV ssLjiLiyLRiV.
xqsLiLijR ss[jNRPsV zLRiRLi NSNRPVLiy sVVsVLi
RLiRV yRVVRV @RVNRPVLiVsVgS AsV sTLiyLRiV. VRyLRiLi AsV
saSxmsLi[ J xqssWs[aRPLi[ FyyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ALiRxms
xmssj][ sWRVRW C sxtsQRWs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. gkiR sxtsQRVLi[ xmsj
}ms ss[jNRP, ss[NSsLiR sxtsQRVLi[ xmsRsVWRV }ms ss[jNRP zqsRLigS
DsxmsNUP zLRiR xmsLRiRNRPVLiy RLiRV sRVLiLiRRLi ssVNRP ARVs
ry*LRiLi DLiRyLRiV. @LRiNRPV FyLiys RRR dxqsVNRPVs @sXj P[ryss
RLiRV @xqsV ALiRLRiLi s[LRis VRW @NRPR J LSV x[ sLis
NRP xmsLSNRP xmsLRiLigS sxmsLkiR\sVs @sXj Bryss xmsRLi ssVNRP NRPWy s[lLi[
D[aRPLi DLiRyLRiV. FsLi{ms N]Rxms gkiRsV @RLi |msVNRPVs @NRPR \ZNP=
Rs*NSNRPV sWLRiLi xqsVgRisVLi P[xqsVN][sRs[V @xqsV yxqsssVs CaRP*Lji
sTLiyLRiV. ksNTP xqsLiLijLi sVLiRxqsVgS gkiRsV ssVN][xqsVN]xqsVyLRis
FyLRiV. BNRPT \ZNP= Rs*NSNRPV xqsLiLijLi gRiRLi[ \sFsqs LSZaP[LRi lLiT NRPWy A[Rs P[zqs, sLRisVLiRVNRPVyLRis, ARVs NRPLi[ RLiRV g]xmsy[Li
NSRs, \ZNP=s Rs*gRilgi[ dsLRiVRV NSRLiW Fs[y P[aSLRiV. INRP s[ N]R N]R
[sV xqsXztsQLi xmsVR*Li RLRixmnsQos xmsLjizqsRVsV sWLji \ZNP= Rs*NSNRPV
LRiLigRiLi zqsRLi P[zqsy gjiLjis FyLiRL [ ARVs @RVgRiV |ms[LRis |RLjiLiyLRiV.
yTTCq =qT>
sjT|P&, <=+&b&T
kd{ bs+u+ +<\T
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@sVLSs, ZNPFssFss WL][ :sVVNRPs
\lLiRV ZaP[RVxqsV= N][xqsLi xmsVR*Li N]sVg][V ZNP[LiyV
FyLRiLiLi xmsVR*Li sVRRV RLRiNRPV \lLiRV sR
sos sVVNRPssV N]sVg][V P[rysVs { RLiR
V Bs Ljigjis gRiVLiWLRiV xmsLRis[
xmsNRPLiRRLi LjigjiLij. sVV sVLi A[aS
s[VLRiNRPV RORPQs[V N]sVg][V ZNP[LiyV FyLRiLixqsV
sV RVLiyLigRiLi sTLiLij. HZNPzms][
FyV r~\|qs y*LS N]sVg][V P[LiVVrysVs
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ LSys xmsLjij[s
LSRVxmspT, ]LiRFyRV r~\|qs[ sVVNRPs
N]sVg][V ZNP[LiyNRPV @jNSLRiVV @s GLSV
xmspLjiP[zqss @sLiRLRiLi N]sVg][sV szmss[zqssV
VRVyLRiV. W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRVNRPV ysVV
xqsxNRPLjiLiR[Rs[ NRPORPQryjLixmso ][LRi][s[ xmsVR*Li
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: saSxmsLi BszqsW Amns sVTNRP

\|qss=qs(ssV=) \lLiNRPLì sRWsVNSsNTP |qsLì NRPsV GLSVNRPV xmsVR*Li
sLRiLiVVLiLij. C NRPsV[ FssALì | RVWssLji= \sqs ys=Lì yNRPLì
.LRisLS, UFsLiC yNRPLì aSLiyLSso, xmssVV NSLjiRWxqsV yNRPLì
.rsVLS xqsVVgS DLiLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV INRP, lLiLiRV L][[ xmsVR*Li
DRLRiV*V Lki P[RVsVLij.
m+| ^ mdjT <T
s< *bsTTq
eesTTq |uT\T
sRVyR(gRiVR), ZNPFssFss : VgRiV[aRPLi
FyLki FsLi{ms xqssWs[aRPLi[ sVVsVLi RLiRV
xms[NRP x[y LSRs [FyLRis ZNP[LiRLi[s d[{msNTP
]RVgS ssxLjiLisLiRVs[ LSxtsLi xms[NRP x[y
N][[LiVVL Rs {ms{qs{qs dmns LRixmnsVVdsLSlLiT ssVLji+LiyLRiV.
VRyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi NSLilgiqs NSLSRVLi ALiR
LRiR ss[ Ljigjis s[NRPLRiV xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs
sWRVRW ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li W }qsNRPLRi Rs
\lLiRVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS @sVV P[RWs RWrLiRs, RORPQs[V A sLRiRWs
DxmsxqsLixLjiLiRVN][ys TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. NSLilgiqs xmsVR*Li H[V xms[NRP
x[y NRP}qs xms[V NSys xmsVxmss d[{ms BxmsVRV xms[NRP x[y [Rs
sW sWLRiRLi yLRiVsVyLRiV. @xmsOSQs xmsys sRNRPV dxqsVNRPVss
G{msNTP xms[NRP x[y NRPLiP[ @LiaRPLi\|ms RLjiLiys ysVV @s[NRPryLRiV TsWLi`
P[zqsy {qsFsLi RLiRV Bxms sLRiNRPV xmsLiRV N][NRPFgS xms[NRP x[y
E}qs[Rs xmsRLi RVLSLRisVyLRiV. [Fy xmsVR*Li xms[NRP x[y
ryjLiP[LiRVNRPV zqsRLigS [RyLRiV. RLiRV d[{ms xmsVy* sNTP y[yLRiVgS
ssxLjixqsVyLRis RVRVLRiV. ZNP[LiRLi W }qsNRPLRi RLi[ sWLRiVV
dxqsVNRPVss RsZNP[ sVRRV zmsLiR yLRiV. \lLiRV xmsOSQs FLSLi
P[RW=s LSxts xmsVR*Li ZNP[LiysNTP yrx sVLi[LiRs R*sVyLRiV.
LSys\|ms bPsLSsVNRPXxtsQs NRPsV ryLRisLiR\sVs WsVVV }qsNRPLjiLiRLSRs
ss[jNRP[ xqsxtsQLiP[zqsLiRs, @LiVV[ @LiRVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS xmsVR*Li xmsRs xmsLi
F~\|ms LSys xmsoyRVV s[rLiRs AZOP[QzmsLiyLRiV. sLiRLigS WsVVV
NRPVs LSxts LSys[ xmsjsVLij sVLiRVV, sLiRsVLij @jNSLRiVV
sVNSLis[zqs \lLiRV jLjixqsVyLRis AL][zmsLiyLRiV. 2013[ NSLilgiqs xmsVR*Li
\lLiRV, \lLiRVNRPWdNRPV yVyLkigS DLi[ sRLigS Rs xqssLji}qs ysNTP d[{ms
xmsVR*Li RWV F~RVrLiRs ssVLji+LiyLRiV. NSLilgiqs FyLki @s FyLki
@LigkiNSLRiLi][ Rs xqssLjiLiLiRs gRiVLRiVP[aSLRiV. Cuy WgS ZNP[LiysNTP 400
FsNRPLS WsVs NRP Li @yRVsVyLRiV.
xqsWLiyLRiV. slLi[bPR OSQ\|ms NSLSRLRi xms

NRPsV LRiWF~LijLiyyLRiV.
BLiRVNRPV d \lLi xqsLijxqsW NSL][lLi[ rxtsQ
lLirys=V NTPLiR Fsqs|` sVzNRPV ssR
\sxmso[ bPORPQ BP[LiRVNRPV xqsLizqsRR sNRPLi
P[aSLRiV. ryLRiV s[, ryLRiV yLRiV NSLRiNRPsVLi[
gRiry*sVV\ gSsWsV RRR dxqsVN]s @sXj
P[RWs sVVsVLi xqsWLiyLRiV. N][ LiVVs
LiZNP[ @sXj, ssryRV DRRV xqsLRixmnsLS
$yT &ssY
jeT dsY $T{
Jy q+sY 44qT s<T#j*
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ALiRxms
:
ALiRxms[a`P[ xqs*RVLi xqsRVNRP XLiy
(Fsqs|`) sVz NRPV \sxmsosX
j[ ][yV @Lij rysVs ysWLì
BLilLi[xtsQs |mszqsLi [s` d \lLi
FyLRiV. xqsyRVLi[ VRyLRiLi
sVVsVLi RLiRVyRVVRV][ [
@RWLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS d \lLi sW
RVRW, rysNRPLigS \lLiRV sVLi ssryRV
DRRVsV }qsNRPLjiLi RLi[, DyRs
|msLixmso[ LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li][ NRPzqs xmssP[ry
sVs FyLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV ssryRV aS
xms[NRP sVV NSLRiRLji+ . sRVNRPVsWLì,
ysWLì BLiTRW FsgjiNRPWs][ NRPzqs
qs FnLRiV=sV GLSV P[aSLRiV.
sVVsVLi RLiRV sWRVRW, xms 3
sN]NRPryLji sLRiRWsV N][UNRPLjiLiRVNRPVs
NSLSRLRi xmsNRPsV, ryjLis xmsgRis xqsdsVOTPQLi
yyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi ysWLì sVLi TxmsxmsV,
sVLji, N]Lji, yLiVVV RjRLRi DRRVsV
LSxtsLi[ }qsNRPLjixqsVyLRis, dsNTP @RsLigS xmsLiRV,
NRPWLRigSRVV BRLRi ssryRV DRRVsV NRPWy
N]sVg][V P[}qs @LiaRPLi\|ms ssryRV, Dysss
aSjNSLRiV][ RLjiLi sLRiRWV dxqsVN][ys
NRPLRiWV xmsN]LiR sWNRPsLRi NSLilgiqs yRVNRPVRV

ZNP.yLSRVlLiT @Rs @sVRLRiV][ NRPzqs \sFsqs gRi[xslLiT
@RORPQRs \s{qs{ms[ P[LSLRiV. RLi[ FssV[ WsW ygjilLiT,
NRPLRiWV FsLi{ms VlLi[VNRP DyLRiV.
RsV r~\|qs[ sVVNRPsV N]sVg][V

LRixmsNRPVLiy szmss[zqsLiRs LSRVxmspT r~\|qs
xqsVV sV xlLi[LiRy`_RLji AL][zmsxqsVyLRiV.
gRiRyLRiLi RsV r~\|qs[ sVVNRPs N]sVg][V
ZNP[Liys FyLRiLiLiRsNTP N][ AxmslLi[s
aSjNSLji s r~\|qss xmsLjibdPLiyLRiyLRiV.
N]sVg][V ZNP[LiysNTP xqsLiLijLi @s GLSV
xmspLjiP[zqss @sLiRLRiLi ZNP[Liys FyLRiLiLi
RNRPFsRLi xms r~\|qs @RORPVV @LiRLRiLi sNRPLi
P[aSLRiV. LSRVxmspT r~\|qs xmsLjij[ xqsVsWLRiV 2s[
FsNRPLS[, ]LiRFyRV xmsLjij[ 1500 FsNRPLS[

sVVNRPs xmsLiTLiRRLi LjigjiLij. lLiLiRV r~\|qs
xmsLjij[ xqsVsWLRiV 800 Lki xqsLRiVNRPV DsV
@LiRy. xmsVR*Li sVVNRPssV LRiW.1310
sVRRV RLRiNRPV N]sVg][V P[rysVs RNRPVs RLRiNRPV
RV sWlLi[ sNRPLiVVLiRsRs xmsNRPs
P[zqsLij. @LiVV[ C lLiLiRV r~\|qs xmsLjij[
N]sVg][V yxqsysNTP sLRiVRLigS DsV
VRVyLRiV. sVVNRPs N]sVg][V ZNP[LiyV
[NRPFsRLi][ \lLiRVV RV sWlLi[
LRiW.1100ZNP[ NTP*LisV sNRPLiVVLiy= sxqsVLiRs
As[Rs sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. sWlLi[ RNRPVs RLRiNRPV
sNRPLiVVLiRRLi ss FsNRPLSsNTP LRiW.7s[ sLRiNRPV
AyRVLi N][[[V xmsLjizqs sN]sV \lLiRVV
VRVyLRiV. W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRVNRPV
@sVNRPWLiRsLiR sWys N]sVg][V ZNP[LiyV
@zmss[ryLS @s A FyLiR xmsLjij[s \lLiRVV
xmsbPxqsVyLRiV. RORPQLi xmsVR*Li xqsLijLi
N]sVg][V ZNP[LiysV FyLRiLiLi sVVNRPssV
\lLiRV sVLi }qsNRPLjiLiRNRPF[ W xqsdsVNRPLRi xmsNTPRVNRPV N]LiR @LiNRPLi NRPgRisRs sxqsVyLRiV.
sWT d: LjilLi[*xtsQs @sxqsLRiLi[s ryyLRi xmsRWNRPV N][xqsLi LRidRV

\lLi[* sVV\ RWmssV xmss[aRP|msLij. kLi][ sVV\ y*LS @sLjiLRi`*` ZNPsV
N]sVg][V P[}qsLiRVNRPV \lLi[* xmsRWNRPVNRPV dsV NRPVRVLij. @Li[NSNRPVLiy
ZNP N_LiLRisR NRPW[ sy=s @sxqsLRiLi RxmsVRVLij. kss xqssVRVLi
NRPWy AyNSsVLij. NSgjiRLi ssWgjiLiRs sysLiNTPLiR ZNP sNRPRWsNTP
sVV\ RWmssV xmss[aRP|mssV \lLi[* aS {qssRVLì @jNSLji INRPLRiV FyLRiV.
RWms y*LS ZNPsV N]sVg][V P[zqss xmsRWNRPVRV |qsFns[ ssWR[V
ZNP NS{mss RWzmsLiRRLi y*LS xmsRWLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV dsVLiVLij. @LiVV[
xmsxqsVRLi C RWms ALiyLiVV` AxmslLi[Ligì zqsxqssV Ds ryLRi` Fns y*LS
sWRs[V xmssP[xqsVLij.
Bk sysLi
ALiyLiVV` ssWgRiyLRiVV gRiWgRiV RWms rLì sVLi RWmssV
_s[` P[xqsVN][szqs DLiVLij. A\|ms INRP HU sLiLìsV LjixqsLì P[xqsVN][y.
Ry*LS \lLi[* BcysV J|mss P[xqsVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV dsV GLRiRVRVLij. ZNP
N]sVg][VNTP Liy=s r~sVVsV sVV\ }mssVLi sysLi[ C
Bcy[ sV P[RVsRV. [RLi[ }qsxtsssR G\y ZNP N_LiLì[
LiR RV. xmsRWNRPVV Bcy[ sgRiRVsV ZNP N_LiLRi y*LS [y
\lLi[* s\|qs HALì{qs{qs y*LS [` P[xqsVN][sRV. BLiRVNRPV [y ZNPT
NSLRiVsV ssWgjiLiRsRV. C RWms y*LS {qss ZNPsV \|qsRLi
xmsosLRiVRLjiLiRVN][sRV. RWmssV ]VR sVVLi\ xqsLRis sgRiLi[
xmsLjibdPyRNRPLigS xmss[aRP|msLRiV.
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sWLì *LiVVs
ZNP[y NRPWy RsV FyLkiNTP [aRPyxmsLigS sxqsLjiLixms[RWs @sVNRPVyLRiV. [N`Pxqs FssNRP[ Ams 440 ryyNRPV F P[zqsLij. ZNP[y yLRizqs[ xmsxqsVR xmsys slLi[LiRsWUNTP slLi[NRPLigS
F P[zqs JTFRWLRiV. DRLSj LSuysQ[ \sy FyLRisVLiV{qssV gRidsRVLigS lgiVN][gRigji[ ARVs @[ Dy=xLi][ xLSy, sVLSxtsQ @|qsLid FssNRP[ FyLki @LRiVsV s
DLi[ylLi[sW, @LiVV[, AmsNTP FyLRisVLiV[ yVgRiV ryyV sWRs[V LSsRLi][ ARVs C lLiLiRV LSuysQ[ FyLki @LRiVsV s[ sxtsQRVLi[ ssNRPLi s[aSLRiV.
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T d sVVsVLi @LRisLi` ZNP[y s[RXR*Li[s AsV
@ s x q sLR i Li. T d { m shSsNT P R WLR i LigS D s LSu y sQ

sVVsVLiRV[ xmnsVL<RiNRPV jlgi[LiRVNRPV xqsLi[zxqsVyLRiV. xms[NRP
FyZNP[ N][xqsLi xmsbPsV LigS sVVsVLi sVsVysLki
RVW{msG xRWLi[ sWjLjigS BxmsVRV sVVNRPVdsVR gRiVj
@RgRiRLi [RV. aSLRiR xmnsLi` NRPVLiN][Li NUPdsR AsV\|ms
xmsRLi NSLRiLi NSsRV @js[lLi[ sxtsQRVLi.ZNP[LiRLi[ xmsxtsQ\sVs xmsVR*Li DLiRLi s BRLRi
LSuysQ sVVsVLiRVV NRPWy ZNP[LiRLi][ xmnsVL<RiNRPV zqsRxmsRLi [RV. Td xmsNRPV
dsLRiV,sRV` xqsLRixmnsLS sxtsQRVLi[ Bs ygSy @sVV P[}qs sxtsQRVLi[ ZNP[y gRiVNRPV
s[xqsVyLRiV. Td[ sRV` FyNRPVV Gds [so. N]RgS NRP[LiRVNRPW dsV [RV. ZNP[LiRLi xqsxNSLRiLi
[s[ INRP @RVgRiV NRPWy sVVLiRVNRPV s[RV[s xmsLjizqs.ZNP[ys RXztsQ[ DLiRVNRPVs[ A sVR
xmsys sWU sRV` LSLiVVd sxtsQRVLi[ INRP y P[aSLRiV.
RsV FyyxmsLjij[ sRVRVR ZNP[LiyV [NRPFLiVVy Q sRV` LSLiVVdV xmsNRPLiP[LiRVNRPV
sVVsVLiRVV ssNSRLi [RLiW RVLRiNRP @LiLiyLRiV. C lLiLiRV ygSyV xqsNRPsVLigS
@sVV LRixmsNRPF[ xmsV NSLilgiqss RLjisVN]s[ RsV FyLkis RLjisVN]RyLRis RVLi
Z N P[ yNT P DLij . yg S y sx t sQ R VLi[ LSNU P R V FyL k i yR VNR P VLiy s VLj i LiR
RyRVVRLigS ,A RW ssxLjiLiys A sVR Td[ Ljigjis INRP xqsRxqsV=[
xmsVsoLRiV sNRPV P[zqss xqsWRs FsLi][ sV\ssj. @LiVV[,FssNRP[ lgiV}ms FyLki xmsys ORPQLi
NRPsVNRP @LRiP[[ \sNRPVLihRiLi RW}msLiRVNRPV FyLkiV F xmsRVRVLiLiVV.sRV`, dsxqsLRixmnsLS
sxtsQRW[ ZNP[y Bs ygSyV @Lis[.TdNTP sVWRV xmsLSRWV sVVsVLigS
ssxLjiLis {qssRVLì NSLilgiqs yRVNRPVLSV {tsQ kOTPQ` RVsVVy sj sVLi dss yRVNRPVs[
sxtsQRVLi[ ZNP[LiRLi][,F~LRiVgRiV LSuysQ][ ygS*yNRPV jgRiNRP Rxms[RV.
Fy yxmsLRiLigS FsRVLRi[V BLi xqssVxqsds INRP FsRV, @jNSLRi LSNUPRWV sVL]NRP
FsRV. AbPLis xmssVV P[RVNRPF[,@LiRsLRiNRPW RsVNRPV \ N]sylLi[ FsRVLRiV LRigRiRLi @jNSLRi
LSNUPRW[ xqsLRi*ryyLRiLi. xmsRso N][xqss[V BxmsVRV @Liy LSNUPRW P[LRiVRVs NSLRiLigS
@LiRLRiW@LiRlLi[ @s xqsLji|msV N][s=Li[. @jNSLRi LSNUPRW[ Fyso NSNRPVLiy DLiT DLi[
sWxmsys sV[xszqsLigì ][ztsQgS sy=s xmsLjizqs DRs\sV DLi[j NSRV. @jNSLRiLi,
@sds xmsRVgRiV}msNRP NRPgRizqsFLiVVs xmsxqsVR ssxqs[ @sdsNTP slLi[NRPLigS FLSLi[
RVLRiVNRPVgS Fys ZNP[y sLi yLRiV NRPWy @sds sVVRs[LiVVLiRVNRPVy AaRPLRiLi [RV.
Ams[ zxtsQLRiVc@jNSLRi LSNUPRW[ @LiRLSgRis[V
Ak FyLki(Ams) sVLi {qssRVLì yRVyj xmsaSLiR WxtsQ,

Wl g i[ L iR R WR s s V z x t sQ Lj i LiR R Li Ez Li s
x m sLj i s V s[ V .@LiVV [ , d s Lj i R LR i W FyL k i r y x m s s [ s[
NSNRP,@LiRNRPVsVVLiRV ZNP[y][ FyV @yxlLi[ DRsVLi[sW NUPNRPFyR szLis sNRPVV
NSsRLi s dsLji\|ms s[V sxtsQRVLi[ xmsRRV xmsNSLRis[V ZNP[y RLRiV dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. dsLjiRLjis
sVVR FyLki xmsRso sVLi ]gjiLiyLRiV. ZNP[y g]LiRVzmsNTP LigRiLRiV[ xmsjL][
FyV NTPR= F~Lijs xqssVRVLi[ dsLRiV P[zqss xmsNRPsV dsLji\|ms ] s[VNRPV NSLRisVRWLiVV.
FyLkis TdZNP[ xmsLjisVRLi P[RVNRPVLiy @s LSuysQ[ sxqsLjiLixms[RWs @LiaRPLi\|mss[ dsLji sVR
Rs @FyRV [yV sNTPsNTP gSysgS sWLjisV zxtsQLRi xmsLS*sNTP yLji
daSLiVV.ZNP[y NRPWy RsV FyLkiNTP [aRPyxmsLigS sxqsLjiLixms[RWs @sVNRPVyLRiV. [N`Pxqs
FssNRP[ Ams 440 ryyNRPV F P[zqsLij. ZNP[y yLRizqs[ xmsxqsVR xmsys slLi[LiRsWUNTP
slLi[NRPLigS F P[zqs JTFRWLRiV.DRLSj LSuysQ[ \sy FyLRisVLiV{qssV gRidsRVLigS
lgiVN][gRigji[ ARVs @[ Dy=xLi][ xLSy,sVLSxtsQ @|qsLid FssNRP[ FyLki @LRiVsV
s DLi[ylLi[sW,@LiVV[,AmsNTP FyLRisVLiV[ yVgRiV ryyV sWRs[V LSsRLi][ ARVs
C lLiLiRV LSuysQ[ FyLki @LRiVsV s[ sxtsQRVLi[ ssNRPLi s[aSLRiV. Wlgi[LiR RWRsNUP
ZNP[yNUP @FyRV [yV LSsysNTP B[ @xqsV NSLRiLi.Wlgi[LiRRWRs rxtsQxqsVDRsV
zmsysVxRV LSsVsV[xLì [zRW ssNTP xmssRV\ xqssWyk sxqsLixmnsVL<Ri
xmsLjixtsQ` y*LS LSNUPRW[ xmss[bPLiyLRiV. xLSy @|qsLidNTP FyLki @LRiVsV F |ms[
sxtsQRV\sV ARVs FsLiR IT y,ZNP[y xqs}qssVLS @sRLi][ BRLjisVR RWLRiLi
|msLjigjiLij.sVL][ sLiNRP xmsaSLiR WxtsQ NRPWy ZNP[y ssxLRi dLRiV\|ms @xmsZNP[ @xqsLiRXzms][
DyLRiV.Td sVVsVLigS sVVRryLji 45L][VsWRs[V ssxLjiLi LSysW P[RVRLi][
ZNP[y xms xmsaSLiR WxtsQ sLiyLjiNTP @xqsLiRXzms GLRiTLij. Wlgi[LiR RWRsNTP xLSy
sVVsVLi NSys ANSLiORPQ DLiRds,@LiRVZNP[ F |msRysVLiW IT yLRis @LiRVNRPV
ZNP[y sLSNRPLjiLiRRLi][ zmnssLji[ Ljigjis Td @|qsLid FssNRP[ Ams @LRiVNRPV
slLi[NRPLigS xmssP[aSLRis ZNP[y sLkiRVVV AL][zmsLiyLRiV.Td @|qsLid FssNRP[ ZNP[y
@LiR sR VLi ry j LiR R Li][ AR V s R V W x q sx LigS s[ s Lij s WgR i R VV
RRWLRiRWLRiV.Wlgi[LiR RWRs,xmsaSLiR WxtsQ\|ms yLRiV ZNP[y LigRiLRiV[ NTPR=
F~LiRVRVs xqssVRVLi[ yUV sWryLRiV. dsLjiRLji\|ms s[V s[RWs ZNP[y @xmsV[

sLRiLiVVLiRVNRPVyLRiV.NSds xmsR xmsNSLRiLi yLjiNTP Dy*xqss xmsZNP[LiRVNRPV FyLkiNRPsVbPORPQ NRPsV
syLR i } m sLj i R LiR V Lj i z m sLi s Lj i NT P s[ V s[ a SLR i V. A m s[ Z N P[ yNT P ryR VLi
@LijLisyLji[ xNRPV DRsVNSLRiVV,rxtsQxqsVV,NSLilgiqs,d[{ms FyLki sVLi ssyLRiW
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x m so Lij . yx q s s Li[ aR P VsVLi s x m s s V s R s d s @x q sLiR Xz m s , AgR i x Li @V
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NSV, yNRPV, LRiWxmsNSV, LRiWzmsNRPV, ssVLRi+V, ARNRPR
Li LRiRs][ FyV xmsVyLiR xmsNRP sLRi*x][ uy
ryzR }qssV [zqss ARVsNRPV gS }msLRiV sLij sNRPR
][s[! NRPRNRP RNRPsLjigS gRiZNPNSLRiV. sVVsVVR NRPsNS}tsQNRPLi
[LiVVLiRVNRPVs NRPy LRiRLiVVR! ""sVNRPV xqs*sxtsQRVLi xmsRLi
-ARg_LRisLi @sLRiRRLi xqsxsLi NRPgjiLiRRLi -xqsLjiN]R yV
sVxmsRLi -gRiRLi[ DLiRVNRPVs xqsRLi AsxtsQLjiLiRRLi sxtsQ
RVNRPV N]R yLRiVV NRPLiRRLi -RsWLigS [bdPRVVLiRLjiNUP
xqs*RVLi sLRiRVaRPNTP NRPLiRRLi Bk y xmspsNRP @j sLji*xmnsVLi
gSsW, sLSxmnsWLigSsW rygRiRLi y ORPLi. FyxmsjNRPNRPV
LigRiLi [s gRisVLi NRPsxmsLRiRRLi y FyxmsLi @LiW xmsNRPLiRVNRPV
yLRiV $FyR xqsVx aSzqsgSLRiV. ARVs 124s RVLi
xqsLiRLRiLigS LigRiLRiV sVsxqsV FnLi[xtsQs yLRiV C L][
ryRVLiRLi 150 }ms ]xmVs sVWRV xqsLixmso VgRiV saRP*
syRVLi[ AsxtsQLjiLixms[xqsVyLRiV.
cs[RgjiLji LSLiV
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neX+ |dT mH |ue |]dT\T e...!
sVVLi\ : C Gyj LRiVRVxmsss NRPRNRPV @LiR g]xmsgS
GdsV DLiRNRPFsRV. VRyLRiLi [bdP yysLRi aS
(HFsLiU) sRVR P[zqss ] @LiRy xmsNSLRiLi ryyLRiLi
NRPLi[ RNRPVs sL<RiFyRs[V ssWR[V @sNSaRPsVVLij. HFsLi
U s[zqss FyRsVNRP @LiRy xmsNSLRiLi C Gyj ryyLRi
NRPLi[ RNRPVs sL<RiFyysNTP 35 aSRLi @sNSaRPsVVLij. @LiVV[
xmsxqsVysNTP Fss[ xmss xmsLjizqsRVV NRPszmsLiRRLi [Rs
HFsLiU @FyRVxmsRLi N]LiR ELRisP[ @LiaRPs[V @LiVVs
xmsNUP LRiVRVxmssyV sVVRRWNRP C xmsLjizqsRVV R[
dsVsV }msL]sRLi N]LiR ALi][sNRPLRiLi! NSgS, ryy
LRi sL<RiFyRLixms[ @sNSaSV 28 aSRLigS DsV HFsLiU
zmsLij. BNRP \lLiRssV sLRiVy=xxmsLRiVxqsW @RNRPVs
sL<RiFyR @sNSaSsV 33 aSRLigS sTLiLij. 2014[
FyRsVNRPLigS s[zqss @LiRy][ F}qs Bs sLSaSsNRPs[V
sLiW Lki|qsLì jgRiLi NTPzqs }msL]Lij.
ALjiNRP sXjNTP BLi[...

C Gyj ALjiNRP sXjNTP ERLi LiyLi[ ryyLRi
ryLiVV[ sL<SV xmsy=s @sxqsLRiLi DsRs NTPzqs @Fy
RVxmsTLij. RgjiFLiVVs |msVRVV, FsgRiVsVRVV sVLiR
gjiLiRRLi, {sxmsR ssWgRiLi sLi @LiaS s[xms
RLi[ LRiVRVxmsss NRPRNRPNRPV FyysR DsRs }msL]Li

j. FyRsVNRPLigS RW}qs ryyLRi sL<RiFyR\sV[ ssryRV
LRiLigRiLi 3 aSRLi sXj ryjLiRgRiRs @LiRy s[zqsLij. Bj
gRiTs ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi(2014c15)[ 1.1 aSRLi sWR
s[V. NSgS, sWLji sVLi NRPVLRiVxqsVs @NS sL<S NSLRiLigS
BxmsZNP[ xmsV xmsLi\|ms xmsNRPW xmssLi xmsTsV
}msL]Lij. INRP s[ LRiVRVxmsss NRPRNRPV sVLiRgjiLi AbPLi
s ryLiVV[ sL<SV NRPVLRisNRPF[ U{ms sXj @LiRysV
7.9 aSRLi sVLi [zqsqs FyLiVVLis[VLRi RgjiLiRsVsV
RV[zqsLij. @V HFsLiU, BV |qs^sVLi xqsLki*|qsqs xqsLi
xqsV xmsxqsVRLi Fss[ xmsLjizqsRVV NRPszmsLiRRLi[Rs @
FyRVxmsTsxmsNUP yysLRi xmsLjia][RNRPVV xmsVsoLRiV C
@LiRysV s[jxqsVLiRLi gRisVsLiRRgRi @LiaRPLi!
C ryLji N]LiR sLSZaP[

C Gyj LRiVRVxmss {qss @LiVVs sc|qs|msLiLì
NSLi[ ryyLRiLiNRPLi[ RNRPVsgSs[ L<SV xms[ @sNSaRP
sVVsRs ZNP[LiR \|qss=, NS sVLi xL<Ri sLRis }msL]
yLRiV. 50G xqsgRiV][ F}qs 93 aSRLi sL<RiFyysNTP @s
NSaRPsVVsV VRyLRisVNRPR GLSV P[zqss s[NRPLRiV
xqssWs[aRPLi[ FyLRiV. @LiVV[ ryyLRi sL<RiFyysNTP 28
jTs bsyT+{ j>

|qs==: @LiRLSdRV sWssyyj, ALì Amns
sLigì ssryxmsNRPVV bdPbdP LRis aRPLiNRPLì "WgS
sWLRiLi'\|ms RVWL][zmsRVs FyLRisVLi[ xmsxqsLigjiLi
yLRiV. @LiRLSdRV WgS jsLi xqsLiRLRiLigS sLRi*
zLis sVVLiRxqsV NSLRiNRPsVLiNTPLiR LRisaRPLiNRPLì WgS
NRPV gRi aRPNTPs gRiVLjiLi ssLjiLiyLRiV. 11 sVLij FyLRi
sVLi xqsV AsWRLi][ RVWL][zmsRVs FyLRisVLi
xmssRV XLiRLi "WgS s'[ }msLRiV][ @jNSLjiNRP
NSLRiNRPsWs P[xmsLij. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ gRiLigS LRisaRPLiNRPLì RVWL][zmsRVs
FyLRisVLiNRPV Lijs Fy |ds ryN`P sLi[ g_LRis xqsVsV[bPLi
WgS\|ms xmsxqsLigjiLiyLRiV. U{ms sVLi sVsLi U|`NRPV xmsRVsxqsVysVs LRis
aRPLiNRPLì RsVRLjiLiyLRiV. @Li[ xqsW [bdPWR(U{ms) sVLi xqsW [bdPRV
xqsLi][uysNTP @LiW ysLiyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV WgS y DxmsRVVNRP\sVs
sWLRisVs xqsWLiyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi xmsxmsLiR y[ @jNRP aSRLi sVLij
sWszqsNRP ITs FsRVL]LiVyLRis FyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV IT syLRi
KxtsQysV ssWgjixqsVyLRis, Bs s[VVP[RVss FyLRiV. dsNTP WgS
y*LS xqsx zqsR\sVs sWLSV ryRsVs RV [aSLRiV.
b |uT sD \F
sWT d: sVVLi\ yRV xqsWRyLRiV[ INRP\s
NUPDLì lLisNRPV D[aRPxmspLRi*NRPLigS FyNTPrys xmsV
R*s[V LRiORPQ NRPxqsVsV sRLiVVLij. BLis=
sLSV C sxtsQRVLi FyLiVV. d* x[Lì[s[ [INR
PxqsVLRiOTPQR xms[aRPLi[ DyRs, @RsNTP FyNTPrys \|qssNRP
NRPsVLi][V, sV{mns[ Ds FdxqsVV NSxmsgS Dy
LRis sRLiVVLij. @LiVV[ @RsNTP LRiORPQ NRPLiRRLi
syysNTP NSLRisV[V @sNSaRPLi DLiRs D[
aRPLi[ xmsVR*Li VRyLRiLi y sVLi @Rs LRiORPQNRPV sV{mns[ DsV FdxqsV
sV sRVsVLisV zqsLij. C s 10s [ks @TRW \V sVLi sRV
R\s y sVLi @RsNTP FyNTPrys gRiWRyLRi sLSV @RVsNRPV LRiORPQ NRPxqsV
sV zqsLij. d* RLRiRV FyNTPrys xxmsVR* sLS][ NRPWy xqssWs[aRPsVso
RWLiRsRs LRiR BLis= sLSV VRVyLiVV. d*, x{mns xqsLiVW`
sLiyLRiV FyNTPrys xmsVy*s][ xqsLiLiyV NRPgji DyLRis FyLRiV.
du ||\ sdq
sWTd : FyLRiy sVLijLS\|ms Bs
NSLi[ yRVV |msLRigRiRLixms [N`Pxqs[ |msRFs
RVs xmsxmsOSQV sLRixqss sNRPLiP[aSLiVV. C xqsLiR
LRiLigS @jNSLRi, xmsxmsORPQ s[R sVR VRyLRiLi
ygRiVRLi ][VP[xqsVNRPVLij. xmsxmsOSQ AL][xmssV
x[Li sVLi LSy`zqsLigì ][zqsxmsoyLRiV. FssLji
xRWLi[ Fss yRVV LjigSW xqssVgRi RLRiNRPV
ysVV zqsRLigS DysVs FyLRiV. RsV xmsV
R*Li\|ms sLSyLRi AL][xmsV RgRiRyLRiV. RsNRPV @sV
sVs}qs RLjiV, FyLRiy sVLijLS\|ms FssLji
xRWLi[ Fss yRVV LjigSW xqsNRPV[ xqssV
gRiLigS ssLjiryss FyLRiV. sVR xmnsVL<Ri\|ms xms
xmsOSQV D[aRPxmspLRi*NRPLigS xms[xms[ xqs[ [ssRVRV
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Ljigjis xqsV= xmssWRLi[
]sVj sVLij sVz
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][ C xqsV= RVV[
LjiLij. NSLi`[s xmsaRPV
xmsy` ARWs RLji+Li
RVNRPVs g][LRiN`PxmspLì Ljigji sxqsVLiRgS sWLRiLisVRLi[s N]LiR FyLiRLi sVLi
xmsRWxqsVLiRgS xqsV= @RVxmsoRzms [RV[NTP xmsTFLiVVLij. C xmssWR
xmnsVy xqsLi[s[ 14sVLij sVX LiRgS, dsLigS gSRVxmsR sVVgRiVLRiV AxqsV
xms[ NTPR= F~LiRVRW sVX LiyLRiV. ORPQRgSRVsV \sR NTPR= N][xqsLi
NSLi` AxqsVxmsNTP RLRiLiyLRiV. gSRVxmsR 21 sVLij NTPR= F~LiRVRVyLRiV.
sVVLi\ : syyxqsR W }qsNRPLRi

ALjiss=NRPV sWLRiVV P[RWs N][LRiV
RW rysWNRP DRsVNSLRiVRV @y
xlLi[ xmsys slLi[LiR sWUNTP [
LSaSLRiV. C s sVVR[ Lki P[zqs
sy ALjiss= \|qsRLi \lLiRV xmsW
y xmsLjiLRiORPQNRPV P[zqss dsV[s
@LiaSsV sLRis[lLi[jgS [Rs ARVs
RsV [[ }msL]yLRiV. "ALjiss=
\lL RV xmsWyLRiLi @s xmsVR*Li
V][Lij. C s 3s [ks Lki
P[zqss y ALjiss=[ \|qsRLi dsV
sV sLRis[lLi[ jaRPgS FsVsLi
sWLRiVV [so' @s ARVs RsV
[[ }msL]yLRiV. \lLiRV WsVV
sV \|mss[V sNRPVNRPV, FyLjiaSsVNRPs[
RNRPV BsLiRVs \lLiRV FyRsVNRP
xNRPVNRPV LigRiLi NRPVgRiV][[Lij' @s
ARVs }msL]yLRiV. @j \lLiRVNRPV
s[VV P[xqsVLiRs xmsVR*Li VRVy
ys[s sLiRsV yLjiNTP @y
RVLi NRPgjiLiP[ DyRVs ARVs
ssLjiLiyLRiV.
xqsV= xmssWRLi xmnsVs\|ms xmsyssVLi slLi[LiR sWU ds jgSLis

sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. sVXRV NRPVVLiNRPV ARVs xqsLiyFys sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. xmssW
R xqssWyLRiLi zqss sLis[ s[Fy[s LRiR LSRVLji xmnsVy xqssNTP
s, @NRPR xmsLjizqss xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRis, ORPQRgSRVNRPV xqsRVNRP RLRi GLSV
P[aSLRis xmsys *Lì[ }msL]yLRiV.
70 aSRLi sLRiNRPW Bs[ AyLRiLi

[bdPRVLigS LRiVRVxmssy {qss[s[ yL<jiNRP sL<RiFy
RLi[[ 70 aSRLi sLRiNRPW ssWRsoRW DLiVLij. Bs ss
ryRWsNTP sVWyLRiLi NSgS, BxmsZNP[ @NS sL<SV xmsV
xmsLisV N]LiVV. xmnsRLigS LRiVRVxmssyV sVLiR

gji}qs RLRiNRPV lLiNRPVLSsRLi][FyV, ALjiNRP ssxqs NRPV[
[V @sNSaRPsVVLij. ssR @LiRLSdRV yysLRi xmsLji
a][Rs xqsLixqsV Fss[ NSLRiLigS WsVRlLi[[s
RWLRiV, sVRFyLiR xmszqszmnsN`P V s[NRPVRVsV @LiR
yV sVsLjixqsVyLiVV. kLi][ gS[ xqsLisLiP[ sWLRiV
V [bdPRV LRiVRVxmssy\|ms xmsNRPW xmsys RWxmssRV
ss[ @FyRWs sNRPLi P[xqsVLiRLi ALi][s NRPgjiLiP[
@LiaRPLi! @LiVV[ 1997, 2006[ Fss[ xmsLjizqsRVV NRPs
zmsLisxmsNUP ryyLRi sL<RiFyRLi ssWRVNSsRLi BNRPR
xmsrysLiRRgRi @LiaRPLi!
bsH eT+~s\| <&T\T
u ]HH
esT\T #jT+&
xmsys xqsLiyxmsLi
aSRLi sWRs[V ys= DLiRgS, RNRPVs sL<RiFyysNTP (sL<S

sLi) 33 aSRLi dsVLiRs @FyRVxmsyLRiV. BNRP xqsgRiV
NRPLi[ @jNRP sL<RiFyysNTP ysVsWR @sNSaS[ DsV
sTLiyLRiV. NSgS, HFsLiU s[zqss C y @LiRy NSLRi
LigS xmsVR*Li[ ALi][sNRPV LRi[ssVLij. sLRizqs ALjiNRP
ssxqssV xmsLRiVgRiV|msLiRRLi][FyV, R[sNTP N`P
|ms[LiRVNRPV dsVgS xmsVRLRisV P[xms= DLiVLij.
#s d<+: sCH<d+>
RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVs x[LisVLi FyLRiV.
yRVs ARVs @yLRiV.

LSy`zqsLigì y\|ms NSLilgiqs, HRVVFsLi
Fs , ysVxmsOSQV sLRixqss sNRPLiP[aSLiVV. [aRPLi[s
ssR FyLiy[ RLjiV, BRLRi FyLRiy sVLijLS
\|ms Bs NSLi[ yRVV |msLjigSRVs xqs[
L][ @sLì[ NSLilgiqs s[R ZNP.zqs. s[Vg][Fy xmsry
sLiyLRiV. \sVyLji sVR xqsLixqsV ORPQLigS yRVV
LRiVgRiVRVyRVs, Bj @RLiR xmssWRNRPLRisV
yLRiV. \sVyLjiNRPV LRiORPQ NRPrysVs xmsys
slLi[LiR sWU dsV BsxmsNUP yRVV N]sry
gRiRLi sxqsRVLi NRPgjirLiRyLRiV. zLiRW sV
xqs xmsys NSLRiRLji+ P[zqss syyxqsR ysV
s[Vg][Fy xqs[ xmsrysLiRgS, FyLRisVLiLki
ssLS xqsRVsVLi xmsyms LRiWU @LiR
LRiLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. xqs[ BVsLi ysV
{qsNRPLì xqsVsVy sVs @sVsVLiR[RV.
NSgS s[Vg][FyNRPV sVRRVgS NSLilgiqs s[R
sVNSLRiVs lLi[ xqs[ B[ @LiaSs xmsrysLiyLRiV.
ks\|ms xqsLijLis LSy` zqsLigì C ssVLRi+sV
zmsN]LRiV. @xqsLiNRPsLS[ saS*xqsLi FyRV
N][ jaRPgS RsV xmsVR*Li RLRiV P[xmsRV][LiRs,
yLjiNTP RR NRPrLiRs FyLRiV. sVR saS*ry
NRPV, yLji NSLRiNRPFyNRPV LigRiLi yNRPVLiy
LSx gSLik VRyLRiLi [N`Pxqs[ s

xNRPV xmsxmsLjiLRiORPQNRPV xqsLiLijL s s sW
gRiVLjiLi sWyLRiV. xmsVR*Li ssV NSL]
lLi[ xmsLRiLi P[RWs RWxqsVsRs ARVs @yLRiV.
ARVs FyLRisVLiV[ s sW @LiaSs
xmsrysLiyLRiV. [aRPLi[ xqsVsWLRiV xmsj ORPQ sVLij
s sW ssVRLi FLSRVRVyLRiV. @LiRV
s INRP RLi [y=s @sxqsLRiLi DLiRs }msL]
yLRiV. LSx gSLik L][ @sLì[ xqsV sxmso
NRPV, yNRPV sVLiRVV xqssWysLi By*=s
@sxqsLRiLi[s xqssVRVLi[ C sxtsQRVLi xmsrysLi
yLRiV. @LiVV[ H sVLi LRis aRPLiNRPLì xmsry` xms
xqsLijxqsW, "s[VsVV 125 N][ sVLij LRidRVVNRPV
BLilLi rNRPLRiLi DLiys N][LRiVNRPVLiVyLi. ALi
][s LiRNRPLiT. s sxtsQRVsV s[VsVV xmsLjiLRi
OTPQryLi. LSx s[VsVV G NSL]lLi[ xqsLixqs ITNTP
gRiVLji NSsLi [Rs xmsRyLi' @s @yLRiV. ys
NTP LSx xqsLijxqsW, yLRiV \lLiRV sVLi WsVVV
NRPVLiVsVgS BLilLi ssWgRiyLRiV
xNRPVsV lgi[xqsVNRPVLiVyLRiyLRiV. ysNTP sVLi
xqsLijxqsW, LSx W}qsNRPLRi sxtsQRVLi[ F~LRi
RVRVyLRiV. s sW sxtsQRVLi[ARVs
xmspLjigS F~LRiyLRiV @s @yLRiV.
s sW\|ms LSx \|mnsLì
|t s sT V
sWTd: syyxqsR WsV VNRPV slLi[NRPLigS
Td[ VRyLRiLi Ams sLRi*zLis LSd[ suyRNRPLRi xqsLi
xmnsVs ][V P[xqsVNRPVLij. Ams LSd xqsLiRLRiLigS INRP \lLiRV
ARxR P[xqsVNRPVyRV. gRi[LiR zqsLigì @s[ A \lLiRV Bs
@NS sL<SV, sRgRi ys NSLR LigS xmsLiV s
RLi][, Rs RLiT BLi sVLi RLjis[VryRs, RsNRPV sVVgRiV
LRiV zmss, \y s\ NTPrys @LiW @NRPT INRP VNRPV DLji
s[xqsVNRPVs sVLRiLiyRV. Ams gRiVLRiV @LiVVs dxmsoLRiV P[RWs
INRP V \|msNTP FsNTP Rs RVy*V][ DLji s[xqsVNRPVyRV. @RsV
LSrys[s _ry FyLiysNTP LijsyRs zqsLij.
FyLRisVLiVNRPV NRPWR s[V RWLRiLi[s[ C xqsLixmnsVs Lji
gjiLij. LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgjis Ams NSLRiNRPLRiV sLis[ V\|ms
sVLi @Rss NTPLiRNRPV dxqsVNRPVsyLRiV. @Rss Ams NSLRi
NRPLRiV LSsV sV[xLì [zRW AxqsNTP RLRiLiyLRiV.

@xmsZNP[ @RsV sVLRiLisV yNRPLRiV FyLRiV.
C ARxR xms ssR FyLki yRVNRPVV ALi][s
sNRPLi P[ryLRiV. \lLiRV ARxRNRPV FyRNRPVLiy syLjiLi
P[LiRVNRPV Td xmsVR*Li R*LRigS xqsLijLiR[Rs yLRiV ssV
Lji+LiyLRiV. \lLiRVV ARxR P[xqsVN][NRPVLiy Ams yRVNRPVV
FsLiRVNRPV sL][jLiR[Rs d[{ms xmsbPLiLij. FdxqsVV ZNP[s
Li }msORPQNRPV sWjLji RWxqsW DLiTFRWLRis Ams }msL]Li
j. Bj RsV FyLkiNTP R}msLRiV P[LiRVNRPV yLRiV xmsss
NRPV[ gRisVs AL][zmsLiLij. s[VsVV @Rss NTPLiRNRPV
dxqsVNRPVLSszqsLijgS FdxqsVsV N][LRiVRWs[ DyLi @s
ZNP[y @yLRiV. s[RV xmsaSLiRLigS DLiT AL][xmsNRPV
xqs*zqs zzms ARxR ssVNRP Ds NSLRisV NRPsVg]ys
NRPVsWLì saS*qs }msL]yLRiV. \lLiRV sVLRiLis Axqss
xqsLiRLji+Lis yLji[ @LRisLi` ZNP[y NSNRP @V sVZNP[[s,
xqss \|ms DyLRiV.
s[VsVV dsV sLi DyLi : LSx

C xqsLixmnsVs\|ms LSx gSLik xqsLijxqsW, "s[VsVV dsV
sLi DLisVs \lLiRVNRPV xmsRyLi. dsVLRiV G sWRLi
RVxmsRNRPlLi[RV. Bj y suyRNRPLRi\sVs xmnsVs. s[sV
BNRPRNRPV LSNUPRVLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV LS[RV. d[{ms s ALji
ss= ss[ BRLiy LjigjiLij.' @s @yLRiV. C xmnsVs\|ms
RLSxmsoNRPV ZNP[LiR x[Li sVLi LSy` zqsLigì A[bPLiyLRiV.
y] n+ueyT ]++~
\ws =sTTu V& T

C|\ V& >+< s#q
sWRWLì: sVVLi\ yRV ZNP[xqsV[ xmss[VRVLi DLi

Rs NSLRiLigS 35 G \V bPORPQ sjLixmsosNRPV gRiV\lLis @sVLjiNS
FLRixqsR*Li NRPgjis FyNTPryds [s` |U Rs xmsNS][ INRP
xmsoxqsNRPLi LSaSRV. NSbdPLì ssVVNTPNTP PxtsQlLi[ ]LiVV xqsLixqs @Li
NTPR sLi][ P[xqsVs NRPXzztsQ RssV G sRLigS A xqsLixqs[ P[lLi[

sRLigS }mslLi[zmsLiLik ys[ ssLjiLiyLRiV. @sVLjiNSNRPV Li
js s NSLRiNRPsVLi "xmnsLi \s'NRPV [s` |U LSzqss xmsoxqs
NRPLi sVVryLiVVy xms \sVLij.
ys[ ARVs dsyRLi xms ANRPL<jiRV\s sRLi,
xtsQlLi[ ]LiVV[ F~Lijs bPORPQ, yLì xmsNRP Li
`=c F|qss xmsNRP\|ms yRVNRPV Ljigjis xmsRNRP LRiRs gRiVLjiLi
LSaSLRiV. 2000 @N][Lì[ RsNRPV sVVR xxtsQlLi[ ]LiVV
xqsV][ xmsLjiRRVLi GLRiTLiRs ARVs LSaSLRiV. "2000s
xqsLisR=LRiLi @N][Lì[[ FyNTPrys xqsLiRLRi+s xqsLiRxLRiLigS
@sVN][NRPVLiy xxtsQlLi[ ]LiVV][ xmsLjiRRVLi GLRiTLij.
ssLiL][ yLji yLji<NRP xqssWs[aSsNTP LRiRWsV. LRi`
ANRPsVsVLi NSbdPLì ssVVNTPNTP yLRiV @LiNTPR sLi][
P[xqsVs NRPXztsQ ssV ANRPVNRPVLij @s |U }msL]yLRiV.
sVVLi\ yRV xqsLiRLRiLigS DgRiyRVV sVVLi\ dLSsNTP

P[lLi[LiRVNRPV LRidRV sVR=NSLRiV xmsRssV ry*ksLi P[xqsV
N][ys Ry*LS dLRi LRiORPQNRP RLi NRP[ xmsRNRPWRRs xms
NRP zqsRLi P[xqsVN][sRLi LjigjiLiRs ssLjiLiyLRiV. FyNTPrys
FyLidRV [NTP RLRiRW xmss[bPLiP[ LRiR sVR=NSLRiV
xmsRssV FssVN][ys sLisV ARVs LSaSLRiV.
@LiRV[ xmsRWLis DgRiyRVV ysV sVVL RVgS FsLi
zmsNRP P[zqss xqssNTP P[LRiVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV yLjiNTP {msFsqs xmsLjiNSLSs
BsV }msL]yLRiV. @sVLjiNS\|ms Ljigjis 9/11 yRV
@sLiRLRiLi xtsQlLi[ ]LiVV[ xmspLjigS P[LSs ysV sLRi
RVLi dxqsVNRPVyss LSaSLRiV. 2002 yNTP yLRiV RsNRPV DgRi
yRVNRPV BP[ FyRsVNRP bPORPQ "_LS AsW' dxqsVN][ys
N][LSLRis FyLRiV.
NSgS ysV BLiTRW, FyNTPrys, @sVLjiNS sVR FsV
sLi @sVsWsLi LSNRPVLiy LRigRiysNTP dsVgS Rs }msLRiV
NTPzqsRVs @s sLi NRPlgi[ sWLRiVN][ys xqsWLiLi
Rs sTLiyLRiV. ys ][ ysp` gjids @s Rs }msLRiVsV
[s` |UgS sWLRiV NRPVsV FyLRiV. 2005 s[ Rs
ssLSV RWxqsVs ry` dsVLì RssV @sVLjiNS s,

N]R }msLRiV][ FyqsFLRiV dxqsVN][ys N][LSRs }msL]yLRiV.
A RLRiyR RssV BLiTRW s= DL VLiRs FyLRis
@yLRiV. ysV FyNTPrydss NRPsRsLiRVs, zLik, DLRiW
xtsQV gS ssLiRVs @j LRi`[ RsNRPV xqsRVNS
LjigS DLiR gRiRs zmssV ARVs ssLjiLiyLRiV.
xtsQlLi[ ]LiVV bPORPQ gRiVLjiLi VxmsoRW @j sVVLi
gS LS[ DLiVLiRs }msL]yLRiV. xmsgRi xqssVRVLi[ gRiVx
[sW, NTPLiR ygji DLi[yLRisVs ssLjiLiyLRiV. bPORPQ
xqsLiRLRiLigS ]LRiV, aRPRVsoNRPV NRPsRNRPVLiy ygji DLiR
RLi, F~Li DLiT yT P[}qs V, ygji DLiT ARVVyV
P[NTPLiRVN][sRLi, LS xqssVRVLi[ NRPyRVV, GZNP[c47,
9 FsLiFsLi zmsxqs ALki, gRis[R][ yRVV sLi y[
bPORPQ BsV FyLRiV. A[Ry xqsLRis sWlLi[ Fs[
xmsxqsLigSV, sVR gRiLiy @RRVsLi sLis NRPWy bPORPQ
[ DLi[ss DLi[ss LSaSLRiV.
Rs lLiLiRs syxLi gRiVLjiLi ssLjixqsW Rs sLRi
RWs xtsQlLi[ ]LiVV[s yLRiV xmsLjiyLRis FyLRiV.
yLRiV x LSy*s FR=zryLRis }msL]yLRiV.
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi, ZNPFssFss WL][ : ZaP[uyRLi @Rso[ "FsLRi' ]LigRi

FssN_LiLì xqsLixmnsVs [aRPyxmsLigS xqsLiRsLi lLi[ZNPLis s[xmsRLi[ @LiRVNRPV
xmsdNSLRiLigS FsLRi ]LigRiV sVVsVLi yLS RLiRV yRVVRV xRNRPV
NRPV xmsyLS? @LiRVN][xqsLi lLiNUP sLRi*zLiyLS? C sxtsQRWs LSxtsQ xmsVR*
sxmnsW sLSV xmszqsgRiRW..? dsVTRW[ VRyLRiLi LS @s xqssWyLRiLi
|msR FsRVs xR P[zqsLij. ZaP[uyQRLi FssN_LiLì @sLiRLRiLi sVVsVLi
\y xmsLRisZNPRLi zqsLi[. A xmsLRisNRPV sVVLiRVgS INRP L][ ZNP[LiR ALjiNRP
aS sVLi @LRiV\, ZNP[LiR xmssXj aS sVLi FsLi.sLiNRPRV
yRVVRV, xqsVy_RLji][ NRPzqs RLiRV @sLiRxmsoLRiLi [ C s 11s
xmsLRiLis sxtsQRVLi sjRs[V.
@sLiRLRiLi ARVs \y xmsLRis sVVgjiLiRVNRPVs sd LSgSs[ Rs s
js\sVs 20s [ks @sLiRxmsoLRiLi xmsLRisNRPV syLRiV. s[LRiVgS @LiRLS dRV
xms gSLis xmsaSLi sRVLi xmsoxmsLji FsLiVVL` FLRiVNRPV xms[NRP ssW sLi[
Lki dsFyLRiVR aS sVLi [ss[s DsWsV}aRP*LRiLSso][ NRPzqs syLRiV.
@NRPT sVLi |NSxmsLì[ |mssVN]LiR sWNRPsLRiLi[s FsgRiVsxms sRNRPV
P[LRiVNRPVyLRiV. @NRPR xLikdsy xmssVsV xmsLRis[OTPQLiyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi
@jNSLRiV][ xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRiV. @NRP[ Rs sjs s[RVNRPsV FyLki yRVNRPVV
xqssVORPQLi[ LRiVxmsoNRPVyLRiV. xms sL<Rixmso ds LiRVsp WsV[NTP BLiNTPFLiVVs
xmso[ RsNRPV s\sVs sjs aRPVNSLiORPQV @LiR[zqssyLRisoyLRis FyLki ZaP[V
NRPV, xmsNRPV szms P[aSLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi ARVs sVLi xmsLji xqsVdsR Fy
sRLi szxqsVs LSFyRV sWNRPsLRiLi[s LSsVgjiLji sVLiRLi NRPVLisVj
sR dsLRiVcV NSLRiNRPsVLi[ Fys, @NRP[ @NS sL<SNRPV s xmsLiR
][ \lLiRVsV xmsLSsVLji+LiyLRiV.
@NRPT sVLi s[LRiVgS ARVs \|RLS` RV[Ljis xqsLigRi zqsLi[. C
s[xmsRLi[s[ RLiRV LSNRPNRPV lLiLiRV L][ sVVLiRVgSs[ @Li[ C s 18,
19 [k[ xmsoxmsLji, |mssVN]LiR, LSsVgjiLjiFyLiy[ "FsLRi' ]LigRiVgS s
xqsVs yLRiV dsryLiVV[ lLiNUP sLRi*zLisV sxmnsW sLSV RVdsNRPLjiLiy
RVs yLRiV VRyLRiLi LS gRiVxmsVsVyLiVV. @j NSry yysLi
yzmsLiRRLi][ FdxqsV RVLiyLigRiLi INRPryLjigS @xmssVR\sVLij. sLi
gSs[ lLiNUP sLRi*zLiyLS..? sLRi*zLi DLi[ FssLRiV "FsLRi' ]LigRiV.. yLji ssVNRP
FssLRiVyLRiV? @s[ ys\|ms xqssWyLSs NRPW{ms gRiVRVsV VrLij.
qHjT d> #+<XKsY de~

sWTd: jsLigRiR sW xmsys RLiRZaP[Lì
xqssWjs BNRP\|ms syRVN`P xqsgS zmsssVyLRiV.
jsLigRiR s[R RLiRZaP[Lì xqssWjNTP syRVN`P xqsgS
ysVNRPLRiLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV xmssXj sVLi sLiNRP
RVyRVVRV @LigkiNRPLjiLisV xqsLiLijR @jNSLji
INRPLRiV }msL]yLRiV. GNS xqs xqssWj FyLiRLi[ Ds
Rs RLiT RLiRZaP[Lì xqssWjNTP syRVN`P xqsgS
ysVNRPLRiLi P[RW=LijgS N][LRiVRW ARVs NRPVsW
LRiVRV, FsLi{ms dsLRi ZaP[Lì gRiR s[ xmssXj aSNRPV [ LSaSLRiV. ksNTP
xqsLiRsgS xmsysgS }qssLijLis RLiRZaP[Lì xqssWjNTP syRVN`P xqs
}msLRiVsV sLiNRPRVyRVVRV sLRiLiVVLisV xqsLiLijR @jNSLji ssLjiLiyLRiV.
;VsY TbqT 32 eT+~ *

Fy: dLì DRLRi
CaSs FyLiRLi[ sVLi
gRiyLRiLi LS xqsLisLi
s RVFnysV yNTPTNTP 32
sVLij sVXLiyLRiV. 80
sVLij gSRW Fy
RWLRiV. RVFnysV yNTP
N]s V @RNRPVR
sVRWLiVV. sssLi
@xqssxqssVLiVVLij. s[
xqsLi[ xmspLjigRiVT|qsV
R*LixqssVRWLiVV. @lgi[ s[ FsNRPLS[s xmsLiV yaRPssVRWLiVV. dLì
RVFnysV yNTPTNTP gRiV\lLis sxtsQRVLi ss xmsys slLi[LiR sWU ds
jgRisVLiyLRiV. ysVV xqsRWs @LijrysVs x[Li sVLi LSy` zqsLigì
dLì sVVsVLi sdtsQNRPVP dsVsyLRiV. xmspLjiRV [ 25 sVLij,
ALRiVgRiVLRiV sV[xmsoLS, sVRVs[ INRPLRiV sVLRiLisV dLì sxmsRV syLRi
aS xmsys NSLRiRLji+ yqs sTLiyLRiV. xmspLjiRV, sV[xmsoLS, xqsLS=,
sVRVs, xqssVzqsxmspLì, RLSLigRi, xqssVzqsxmspLì sV RVFnysV yNTPLij.
& ueq+ L* ] eT
sWT d : sgRiLRiLi[ sVWRLiRxqsV ssLi NRPWs xmnsVs[ INRP sNTP
sVX LiRgS, sVL][ 9sVLij gSRVxmsyLRiV. sWdsgRiLì[s INRP ssLi[
VRyLRiLi DRRVLi gSqs zqsLiRLì }ms C xmssWRLi ][V P[xqsVNRPVLij.
xqssWyLRiLi @Lijs sLis[ Fdqs @jNSLRiVV, @gjisWxmsNRP zqsLij @NRPTNTP
P[LRiVNRPVs xqsRVNRP RLRiV P[xmsLRiV. bPj NTPLiR sVLjiN]LiRLRiV NRPVNRPVs DLi
RsRs @sVsWsxqsVyLRiV.
>s#y s y&H!: sVQ

sWT d: NSLilgiqs FyLki \sqs|mszqsLi LSx gSLik VRyLRiLi [N`Pxqs
[ slLi[LiR sWUs sLRigRiLRiLigS @sLijLiyLRiV. s sW @Li
aRPLi\|ms sWRVRW @sVLjiNS @RORPV]NRPLRiV LRiR xmsys sVLis xmsaRPLizqsLi
RRLi B[ ]ryLRis }msL]yLRiV. \sV sWgRis[ @sVLjiNS @RORPVRV
LSN`P IsW slLi[LiR sWU\|ms LSzqss yrys ysV RWzqssV RV[
aSLRiV. @LiVV[ 60 G NSLi[ LRiR xmsys sVLis @sVLjiNS @RORPVRV
xmsaRPLizqsLiRRLi B[ ]ryLRis VRW, INRPxms @s rsRV LRiuy
(RVWFsqsFsqsFsALì) sLji yRVNRPVRV sVLiVV g][LRiP[ssV F~gjiyNRP sVd
BLiRsLRiNRPW s[L]NRPLjis xmsaRPLizqsLiLij [Rs ssLjiLiyLRiV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ g][LRi
P[s @sVLjiNSNRPV xqsxNRPLjiLiyLRis sLRigRiLRiLigS ysLiyLRiV.
+<|<X |uTeTT
k>T{ bsT<\ eT]jTT jTT n_e~XK

H+.1 /2015`16
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~:16.04.2015
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<>Zs >C &+> ##T =s b{bs+ ]+#T >T]+. | $\Te
s.2,05,400/` f+&sT &yT+T \_+#T ~ eT]jTT deTjT+
:27.04.2015 eT3.00>+\ qT+& 12.05.2015 k5.00>+\ es. f+&sT
d]+#T e] ~ deTjT+ : 13.05.2015 k5.00>+\ es |HjT
_& s#T ~, deTjT+ :14.05.2015 11.00>+\. <T|] wsT\T
eT]jTT $eseTT\ =s ès{ |dt nq> www.eprocurement.gov.in
q+<T#&e#TqT. bH H+.08524`286065.
d+/` ssV +sT,

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Ro.No.229/CL/Advt/1/1/2015-16, Dt: 22.04.2015
ksY +<|<X ~X> ksY >eT+

ksY ysT seT+ u>keTT\T +&.
<jT#d $es\ www.smart.ap.gov.inqT #&>\sT.
>TsTys+ 23 @| 2015
s\T
INRPs ARVs @yLRiV. FsNSsN`P
LRi`s[LìNRPV LigS[ @FyLRi
@sNSaSVyRVs LigS
{qsFsLi FyLRiV. sVRN`P [s {LS`[ sV{Liy @Li`
sV{Liy RRWLki RVWssV VRyLRiLi yRV ARVs
FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ sRV` N][RsV @jgRisVLiysVs..
sxtsQRV[ sRV` N][RVLiRss ARVs L][ry ByLRiV.
[aRPLi[s xmsLjiaRPsVsLSNRPV LigS[ FyLisV GLSV
P[xqsVN][ys A*sLiysVyLRiV. xmsLjiaRPsVNRPV 24 gRiLi
sRV` @LiRVV[NTP rysVyLRiV. |msVRVNRPV LigS
xqs*LRiysVLigS sWLRiVrysVs ZNP[{qsALì @yLRiV. BxmsZNP[ Fsqs
V<su< k+d+> b+{
|T& s. 630 T
|\RLS` : N]LjiRWNRPV Lijs FsNSsN`P jgRiLi ryLixqsLigì

\|RLS`[ FsNSsN`P LRi`s[Lì, RRWLki RVWssV 100
sVRVs yLRiV (LRiW.630 N][) |msVT][ FyLRiLiLiR
[][Lij. C sxtsQRVs LigS sVVsVLi ZNP RLiRZaP[LìLSso
sTLiyLRiV. LigS[ |msVRVV |msysNTP BxmsZNP[ xmsV
FsNSsN`P jgRiV sVVLiRVNRPV syRVs ... y[ ryxqsLigì
dH
>
d\sY
L&
bsTT+T
bsTT+T
s.
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27,890.13
214.09
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8,429.70
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d_& m|J
e<T\Tq n n+u
\ eT+~ <>T\qT e<T\TeT d\V

y& |\T|q d+~+q eTTUwt, q+< eTV+<,
>yT n<, <jYT =\T
sWTd : xmsyssVLi slLi[LiR sWU
xqsLixmssVV xqs=U gSqs NRPsORPQssV sRVN][ys
zmsVxmsoss*RLi][ xqsLijLi BxmsZNP[ xmsVsoLRiV
FyLjiaSsVNRPs[RV RsV Fs{ms gSqs NRPsORPQssV
sRVNRPVyLRiV. A y[ ygS @s
@Lids P[LSLRiV. RsV gRiWxmso[ xmssP[}qs 100,000
sVLij D][gRiVV NRPWy xqs=U Fs{mss
sRVVN][ys ARVs N][LSLRiV.
BxmsZNP[ xmsys zmsVxmsosV xmsoLRixqsLjiLiRVNRPVs
FyLjiaSsVNRPs[RV sVV[tsQ @Lids, AsLi`
sV{Liy, @s @gRiLS*, g_RsV @yds, DRV N]N`P, NTPa][Lì RWdsV NRPWy sWU zmsVxmsosV
xmsoLRixqsLjiLiRVNRPVs xqs=U gSqssV sRVVNRPVyLRiV.
xmsyssVLi slLi[LiRsWU zmsVxmsosNRPV sVRRVgS Fs{ms xqs=Us sRVVNRPVLiVysVs
LjiRVs= BLiR{qsqs }msL]Lij. RsV D][gRiVV NRPWy Fs{mss sRVVN][ys sVV[tsQ @Lids
sVLigRiyLRiLi yRV D][gRiVNRPV [V LSaSLRiV. D][gRiVNRPV LSzqss [[ sWlLi RLRi Li
Fs{ms N]sVg][V P[xqsVNRPVs[ rsVR Ds yLRiV xqs=U gSqssV xqs*RLiRLigS sRVVN][ys [aRP
sLSsNTP P[RVWRsy*s @Lids [[ D][gRiVsV N][LSLRiV. sLSsNTP Bj RNRP
@sNSaRPsVs xqsLixqs[s D][gRiVLiRLRiW RsV sLiRV xqsxNSLRiLi @LijLiys [[ }msL]yLRiV.
xmsyssVLi slLi[LiR sWU gRiR s[ xqsLixmssVV xqs=U gSqssV sRVVN][ys xmsyLSss
FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ xqsVsWLRiV 300,000 sVLij yLji[ sVLiRVV, FyLRisVLiV xqsVV, xmsVR*
LRiLigSsNTP Lijs DsyjNSLRiVV Fs{ms xqs=Us xqs*RLiRLigS sRVVNRPVyLRiV.
sbeb bsyT+{ eTT+<T e# @&~ @| { qT+ neT\T sh ]

eT+T\ C{ u{ Jmdt{| @_bj eq sc\T sc\ qc u]k+
Jmdt{ neT\T <Xy|+> @|qT $<q+ ]eT+ nsTDY C{
sWT d : BxmsZNP[ xmsV LSxtsyV sxqsV, }qss
V (Fsqs) @LigkiNSLRiLi zmss s[xmsRLi[ ksNTP
RRR NRPLiP[LiRVNRPV C FyLRisVLiV xqssW
s[aS[s[ Fsqs VsV xmss[aRP|ms[ @sNSaRPLi DLij.
NSgS N]R Fsqs V sP[ ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi Gzms
1, 2016 sVLi @sV[NTP [ys xmsVR*Li NRPXR
saRPRVLi][ DLij.
BxmsZNP[ xmsV LSxtsyV FsqsNTP @LigkiNSLRiLi
FyLiVV. C V s ZNP[LiRxmsVR*Li][ FyV
LSxtsxmsVy*NRPV yRVNRPs[V. NS C
FyLRisVLiV xqssWs[aS[s Fsqs VNRPV RLi
P[RWs[ A[Rs[ DsV ALjiNRPaS sVLi
@LRiV\ LSxts ALjiNRPaS sVLiRV xqssWs[aRPLi
RLS*R s[NRPLRiV][ sWRVRW @yLRiV.
yxqsysNTP sxqsV }qss xmssV (Fsqs)s gRiR
T|qsLiLì[ [N`Pxqs[ xmss[aRP|msLRiV. Fsqs
@sV[NTP s}qs Bxms sLRiNRPV Ds |qsLi FsZNP^=,
LSxtsy y, s[RxmssVo, ANSV, xmss[aRPxmssV,
gRiLki N`P=, N]sVg][V N`P= ds NRPsVsVLRiVgRi
soyLiVV. sP[ lLiLiRV sVWRV L][[ [N`Pxqs[
L4 28 X+ e~
sVVLi\ : \|mss[ LRiLigSsNTP Lijs Fsqsqs

LiNRPV sWLji 31, 2015][ sVVgjizqss yVgRis
\sWzqsNRPLi[ sNRPLRiLi LRiW.551 N][V
ALjiLiLij. gRiR Gyj B[ NSLi[ LRiW.430.2
N][V ssWRV P[zqsLij. LRiV TsWLi` 35.8
aSRLi |msLjigji LRiW.75,549.8 N][NRPV P[LjiLij.
TFy sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs 22.9 aSRLi |msLjigjiLij.
LiNRPV FsLiU, {qsC[ LS NRPxmspLì sWRV RW..
RsV LiNRPV @y*s=][ FyV TFy[
sVLi xmsoL][gRis ryjLiLiRs @yLRiV. NRPlLiLiV
}qssLigì= @N_Li (NSry) TFyV 29 aSRLi |msLjigSRVs
@yLRiV. LiNRPV sLRiLRiNRP AxqsVV sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs 0.41
aSRLigS ssWRV NSgS NTPRLi Gyj B[ NSLi[ 0.31
aSRLigS s\sVLiRs \sWzqsNRP FyxmsjNRPs RW}qs sVWRs
\sWzqsNRPLi][ FVNRPVLi[ 0.42 aSRLi RgjiLij.
sNRPLRisU sWLjis sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs NRPW4[ 3.2
aSRLigS ssWRV NSgS gRiR Gyj B[ NRPW4[ 3 aSRLigS
ssW\Lij. sNRPLRisU AyRVLi NTPRLi Gyj][

FVNRPVLi[ 35.8 aSRLi |msLjigjiLij. sWLji 31, 2015][
sVVgjizqss ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LSsNTP LiNRPV sNRPLRiLi
LRiW.2,005.4 N][NRPV P[LRigS.. NTPRLi Gyj @Li[ sWLji 31,
2014 yNTP sNRPLRiLi LRiW.1,617.8 N][VgS ssW\Lij.
dFsqsC[ ks }tsQLRiV VRyLRiLi yRV sVyxLi 0.7
aSRLi OUPQLi LRiW.779 sR [` @LiVVLij.
RLRiNRPV |mss [xqsV

BrysVs ARVs @yLRiV.
RsVyRV LSxtsLi
INRP[ N]s @LiRLSV
FyLiVV. V xmss[aRP|ms
ysNTP sVVLiRV GNSFyRVLi
ryjLiys A LSxtsLi
N][LRiV][Lij. yxqss xmssVV,
N`P= Li` gRiVLjiLi
sVLiRV ryjNSLjiNRP NRPsVs
zqsFnyLRixqsVsV xmsLjigRis[NTP
dxqsVN][ys TsWLi`
P[rLij Fsqs VsV
RLi P[RWLi[ FyLRisVLi
V sVWTLi lLiLiRV sLiRV
sVLji AsWRLi F~Liy=
DLiVLij.
VRyLRiLi yRV LSxts ALjiNRPsVLiRV][ Ljigjis
xqssWs[aRPLi[ @ds LSxtsyV RsVNRPV Fsqs y*LS
|msR FsRVs NRPLiys TsWLi` P[aSLiVV. ZNP[LiR
LSxtsy sVR xqsLiLiyV LigS DLiys @ds

LSxtsyNRPVLijs ALjiNRPsVLiRVV N][LSLRiV.
ALjiNRPaS xqsRVsVLi RVLi` zqs>y
sWRVRW.. sP[ Gyj Gzms 1, 2016 sVLi
Fsqs @sVVNRPV FsLi ALiNRPLi DLiRRs
eT+> |+E+Tq ] eed

eT* s+>+ qT+ sTD\ |]q
&e+& = bC\ +<+
nqTeTT\T e# nsY qT+ sTD\
|s>qTq ^s u>TZ f*+
s+>\qT+ L& sTD\ &e+&
|]> neX+
sVVLi\ : C ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi LiNRPV LRiV TsWLi`
14c16 aSRLi xmsoLiNRPVs[ @sNSaRPLi DLij. BxmsZNP[ NRPsVLigS
LRiV TsWLi` |msLRiVgRiV][Lij. sVVLigS sNRPLRiLigRiLi[
NSLRiNRPFyV ExmsLiRV N][sRLi][ TsWLi` |msLjigjiLij. kLi][
FyV Lji\ LRiLigSsNTP |msR FsRVs sVWRsLi NSyx= DsLiRVNRPV LiNRPV LRiVNRPV NRPsVLigS TsWLi` |msLRigRiVRVLiRs LiNRPV
FsgjiNRPWsV @LiRy s[aSLRiV. C Gyj @N][LìsVLi sWLji
2016 sLRiNRPV LiNRPV LRiVNRPV TsWLi` |msLRiVgRiVRVLiRs..
BxmsZNP[ sFLiVVs FyNRPVNRPV @sVsVRVV LiRRLi][ C
LRiLigRiLi[ NSLRiNRPFyV ExmsLiRVNRPVLiRVs ... Bs[ gRiV
VeTjT..>fq es{!
3.4 aSRLi xmsTLij. NRPLi|msdsNTP
LRiW.2,674 N][ ALRiLì RNTPLij. d|`CFs
2 aSRLi |msLjigjiLij. H LRiLigSsNTP Lijs
NRPLi|msdsV sRWxmsoV RWaSLiVV. sLRiVxqsgS
AL][ [TLigì |qsxtsQs[ NRPWy
sxtsQFRWLiVV. sWLji][ sVVgjizqss
\sWzqsNRPLi[ ALjiNRP xmnsyV }mssLigS
DLiRVs yLRi[ ksNTP xmsys NSLRiLigS
xmssRV. sF 6 aSRLi, B[zqsqs,
{qsFsqsV sLRiVxqsgS 1.6 aSRLi, 0.2 aSRLi
sLRiNRPV sxtsQFRWLiVV.
|qsry |qsLji\ }msLRiV sWLjiLij. s[yRLi
sV` gS yyLRiV][ FyV
sRVLiR xqsLixqsR @sVsV NRPWy
RNTPLij. C }tsQLRiV 0.2 aSRLi OUPQLiLij.
IFss{qsNTP {qsFsLiU gS js[bdP` ZNP xtsQLSmssV
xmsVR*Li sRVsVLiLij. C }tsQLRiV GNRPLigS
sVWRV aSRLi RgjiLij. H{qs 0.3 aSRLi
xmsTLij. C NRPLi|msds |qsLiRVLji N`P=\=
@Li` BLiR{qsqs N]sVg][V P[xqsVsV
yLRiV syLiVV. N]N`P sV{Liy Li
NRPV[ FsmnsHHV RsV ysV |msLiRVN][
sysNTP LjiLRiV* LiNRPV sLSNRPLjiLiLij.
BxmsZNP[ xmsLjisVs sVLiFLiVVLiRs }msL]Lij. Bs[
HFss \saSsV N]N`PsV{Liy [N][sLì P[zqsLij. }tsQLRiV INRP
aSRLi |msLjigjiLij. Bxms sLRiNRPV L][ suy][ sVVgRiVxqsVs
xqssFnyLS }tsQLRiV VRyLRiLi yRV lLiLiRV aSRLi xms TLij.
sVLigRiyLRiLi yRV zLRiLigS sWlLi sVLi s[bdP
Bs*xqsLRiV |msR FsRVs }tsQLRiV N]sVg][V P[aSLRiV. FsLi @Li` FsLi
sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs LigS[s {LS`[ A[sVV\
FyLisV VRyLRiLi yRV FyLRiLiLi RRLi][ ks }tsQLRiV 2
aSRLi FsgRiNTPLij.
214 bsTT+T |]q ;mdt <T sE\ qc\ u
sVVLi\ : sLRiVxqsgS gRiR HRV L][ sVLi

suy][ sVVgRiVxqsVs ryN`P sWlLiNRPV
VRyLRiLi yRV NSry ELRi LiLij.
sWlLi ITRVRVNRPVNRPV gRiV\lLiy sLRiNRPV
N][VNRPVs 214 Li][ 27,890 sR sVVgjizqsLi
j. s{mns 52 FyLiVVLi Li][ 8,430 sR
sVVgjizqsLij. sVRVxmsLRiVV BLidsLjiLigì jgRiLi
Fs @Li` , zLiRVrys RVWds dsLì][
FyV LiNTPLigì LRiLigSNRPV Lijs }tsQLRisV |msR
sVVRLi[ N]sVg][V P[RVRLi][ sWlLi
NRPVRxmsTLij.
VRyLRiLi yRV sWlLi FyLRiLiLi
NSsRs[V ][ sVVR\Lij. RLS*R
xmsLjisVR ryLiVV[ N]srygjiLij. LRiVRVxmss
yV {sLigS DLiRVs yLRiV
LSsRLi][ sWlLi sVLjiLiR {sxmsTLij.
kLi][ BLi[[ @RLiR NRPsxtsQLi 27,385.
48 sWLRiVNRPV s{mns 8,284.70 sWLRiVNRPV
jgjisLij. @LiVV[ sWlLi sVVgji}qs xqssV
RWsNTP sVRVxmsLRiVV LiNTPLigì LRiLigSsNTP
Lijs }tsQLRisV |msR FsRVs N]sVg][NRPV FyRLi ][ sWlLi
][ sVVgjizqsLij.
dFsqsC sV`NSms 0.4 aSRLi, ry NSms NRPWy 0.4
aSRLi xmsTLij. dFsqsC[ sVVRLi 1374 }tsQLRiV ][
sVVgjiRVgS.. 1368 }tsQLRiV suy][ sVVgjiaSLiVV.
LRiR yysLRiaS C Gyj LRiVRVxmssyV
ryyLRi ryLiVV NRPLi[ RNRPVsgS ssVyR[V @sNSaRPLi
DLiRs VRyLRiLi yRV xmsNRPLiLij. kLi][ ROTPQzqs RW
FyLiRLi[ Fss[ xmssLi][ sL<SNRPV ALiNRPLi GLRi[
@sNSaRPLi DLiRs }msLjiLij.
BNRP LSNUPRW sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs C FyLRisVLiV

xqssWs[aS[ sxqsV }qss xmssV (Fsqs)NTP RRR
NRPLiys RXR saRPRVLi][ DLij. NSgS gRiR T|qsLiLì][
[N`Pxqs][ xmss[aRP|msLRiV. Fsqs @sV[NTP s}qs U{ms 1c2
aSRLi sLRiNRPV |msLRiVgRiVRVLiRs xmsVR*Li @LiRy s[rLij.
xqsWV.. }tsQLRiV
Ljigji dqsCNTP s}qs sVVRLi 12 LRiLigSNRPV Lijs
xqsW[ 6 ][ sVVgjiaSLiVV. dFsqsC H, NSzms
gRiW`=, 1.8 aSRLi][ @RjNRPLigS ][ sVVgjizqsLij.
|`ZNP[Lì 1.2 aSRLi, LiZNPN`P= 0.8 aSRLi |msLjigjiLij. Fs @Li`
sxqsVysVs FyLRiV. LSxtsy][ NRPzqs

xmssP[RVysNTP RsVNRPV FsLi @LiRLRiLi [Rs
@yLRiV.
VRyLRiLi yRV Ljigjis LSxts ALjiNRPaS
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(ALìFssALì)\|ms FsLi RLRi LRigRi[R \ @yLRiV.
NSgS xmsxqsVRLi Bj 27 aSRLi DLiRs .. Fsqs
@sV[NTP s}qs G LSxtsysNTP FsLi lLissWsxtsQLi
DLiRRs ARVs @yLRiV. ALìFssALìsV Ljigji
NTPLiy= DLiRyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi |ms[RVLi
DRRV\|ms LSxtsyV @RsLigS INRP aSRLi xmssVV
sjxqsVyRVs Bs xmsLjigRis[NTP dxqsVN][[RyLRiV.
y V[ Fsqs sVLi sVys xmspLjigS
RzmsLiysVyLRiV. @LiVV[ |ms[, UsV
sWRLi Fsqs xmsLjij[NTP dxqsVNRPVsrysVyLRiV.
@LiVV[ ks @sVV P[RVysNTP Fsqs N_s=NRPV
Lijs xqs LSxtsyV.. sVWTLi lLiLiRV sLiRV
@Li[ 75 aSRLi [LRiV AsWjLiy= DLiVLij.
Fsqs @sV[NTP ss RLS*R LSxtsyV RsV
lLissW sxtsQF[V xmsLjizqs DLi[ @RsLigS INRP aSRLi
[dss sjLiRVNRPVs[ sxqsVV NRPLirysVs \
FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi yRV Ljigjis xqssWs[aSsNTP
[aRPLi[s 18 LSxtsyNRPV Lijs ALjiNRP sVLiRV][
FyV BRLRi LSxtsyNRPV Lijs @jNSLRiVV Fys
RLi szLiyLRiV. Fsqs @sV[NTP s}qs U{ms 1c2
aSRLi |msLRiVgRiVRVLiRs gRiR yLRiLi[ \ @yLRiV.
u+ sTD\ &e+& 14`16 X+
NRPV s[Li sVVgjizqsLij.

@lgi[ NRPLi |qsNRPsV s[Li sVVgjizqsLij. dsNTP NRPLi|msdsNRPV
|msR FsRVs LRiVV NSy= DLiVLij. 2014c15 ALjiNRP
xqsLisR=LSsNTP LiNRPV LRiV TsWLi` LRiW.766.305 N][V NSgS
2013c14 ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi[ FVNRPVLi[ 12.6 aSRLi |msLjigjiLij.
xqsVsWLRiV LRiW.266,292 N][V xmsORPQLi L][ NTPLi[ LRiV TsWLi`
GLRiTLij. 2013][FVNRPVLi[ 2014[ 13.8 aSRLi |msLjigjiLij.
@| eTVwt |s{y nsH u+ *$Tf&
3,564.00
29.00
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35,611.00
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1.51% ( c))
26,684.00
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mdt u+ u+
s. 551 T
cHFyqssV RLi P[aSsVs @sVsVRVds zqsLigji sLi][ y*LS

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FsxmsNRPxmsVRV sNTPgRiRLigS xmsLRis[OTPQxqsVLij. @sVsVRVV 15
L][[gS BxqsVLij. R*LRi[s[ ks @sV[NTP dxqsVNRPVsrysVyLRiV.
}qs LiNRPV Amns BLiTRW dmns\|mnsys=RV A{mnsxqsLì {msZNP[

gRiVFy sWRVRW.. gRiR ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi][ FVNRPVLi[ C
ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi [sVN`P [y LRiV xmsoxqsNRPLi 14c15 aSRLi
|msLRiVgRiVRVLiRs VRVyLRiV. @lgi[ xqsW [bdPWR U{ms
7.8 aSysNTP P[LRiVRVLiRs @LiRy. kLi][ LRiV TsWLi` NRPWy
2 sVLi 2.5 lLiV |msLjigji 20 aSysNTP P[LRiVRVLiRs ARVs
}msL]yLRiV. NSL]lLi[V sVWRsLi sRVLi N][xqsLi LiNRPV
LRiVsV AaRPLiVVryLRis ARVs }msL]yLRiV. sUlLi[V N][R sj}qs
LRiV TsWLi` |msLjilgi[ @sNSaRPLi DLiy @s xmsbPLiRgS.. @j NRPWy INRP NSLRis[Vss @yLRiV.
LjiLRiV* LiNRPV Amns BLiTRW @LiRy xxmsNSLRiLi zmnssLji
2015 yNTP NRPsV=sVLì LRiV TsWLi` 12 s NSsNTP 16.5
aSysNTP FsgRiNTPLij. @LiRNRPV sVVLiRV Gyj B[ NSLi[ 15.5
aSRLigS ssW\Lij. sUlLi[V RgRiRLi][ gRiX LRiVV
|msLjigSRVs LS[[V L][[ sVLjiLiR |msLjilgi[ @sNSaRPLi DLiRs
ALìdH @LiRy s[zqsLij. BLiRqs BLi` FsLiU, dmns FsgjiNRPWs
LRis[Va`P r sWRVRW.. AlLi[RLRi LRiV TsWLi` 15c16
aSysNTP |msLRiVgRiVRLiRs.. RsV LiNRPV sWRLi 25 aSRLi sLRiNRPV
LRiV TsWLi` |msLRigRiVRVLiRs @LiRy s[zqsLij. y
yxy LRiV TsWLi` sVLiRN]TgS DLij. NRPsVLigS
xmsoLiNRPVLiVLiRs ARVs FyLRiV.
usT &ss m
{d # d+#T ||sY?
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sV}tsQ N][ AxmslLi[s @LRis
LiNRPV sV` [LRiV Amns
\lLiNRPLRi FsLizmsNRP FssNRP
26c4c2015s DRRVLi
9.00 sVLi ryRVLiRLi
5.00 gRiLi sLRiNRPV {tsQLì
gì[s sLi NRPaS[
LRiVgRiV RVLij. sVVRLi 15 sVLij [LRiV Amns \lLiNRPLRisV
FsLizmsNRP P[RW= DLiRgS.. sVVRLi 20 sVLij Lji[
DyLRiV. FLigì }qsxtsQs sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs \|RLS`[s
sLi NRPaS][ FyV LSrys[s \xmspLì[s
LiNRPV NSLSRVLi[, sVLSxts[ sVVLiLiVV,
sLRiLigRi, sVLi LigS[ ALiRxms[a`P sxtsQRWsNTP
s}qs sRV yR, gRiVLiWLRiV, LSsVLiT, saSxms
Li[ FLigì }qsxtsQs[ GLSV P[RVRLiLjigjiLij.
xqsVsWLRiV 31,304 sVLij @L>RiV\ yyLRiVV, [y
[LRiV DyLRiV. N_LiLigì27c4c2015s \s ss FsTs
gì, \|RLS `[ LRiVgRiVRVLij. |msR xqsLi[ JLRiV
Fys JV s[RWs @Rsxmso LjixtsyLì Fsqs LSsVsLiR
ry*sV INRP xmsNRPs[ N][LSLRiV.
sVVLi\ : H{qs BLiTRW

sV` [aRPLi[s[ @ |msR
zqsgRilLi RRWLki NRPLi|msds.. |qsLiRVLki
N`P=\=, BLiR{qsNTP Lijs }msxmsLì
Tss N]sVg][V P[xqsVsV
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F~gSZNP[RLRi
yFyLSs
sxqsLjiLiys[ A[Rs[ DLij.
ygS Ljigjis y[ds
xmsNSLRiLi |qsLiRVLki N`P=\=
sTs AjR LSNRPV sV[
sV`][ sdsLi NSsVLij. zqssVLi TsssV AN`P zqssVLi
sV`][ sdsLi NSsVLij. NSgS NRPLi|msds xmsosLRi*s {qsNRPLRiNRPV
FyRV][LiRs saRP*xqsdsRVsLS xqssWy LRiLi. @LiVV[ xmspLji xqssWyLRiLi
sWRLi zLRiRLi NS[RV. RWNTP=qs LiNRPV |qsLiRVLki N`P=\=sV xmsosLRi*
s{qsNRPLjiLiRVN][ys xqsWLisV VrLij. @LiVV[ AjR LSNRPV gRiWxmso
@jNSLRi xmssj ks\|ms xqsLijLiRysNTP sLSNRPLjiLiyLRiV. @lgi[ H{qs @jNSLRi
xmssj NRPWy xqsLijLiRysNTP sLSNRPLjiLiyLRiV. |qsLiRVLki N`P=\=, RWNTP=qs
NSzms @jNSLRi xmssRVV NRPWy RORPQs[V xqsLijLiRysNTP
sLSNRPLjiLiyLRiV.
s=> e&{dt qT+ e# @&~H{ 200 m|t|z\T

\|RLS` : ssryRV DRRV xqsLRixmnsLS xqsLixqs ILjig][
NRPsWTqs, s[xtsQs LiNRPV xmnsLì @gjiNRPLì @Li` LRiWLRi smssVLi
(yLRi`)][ NRPzqs sP[ Gyj yNTP 200 Fsmns{msJ (FnyLRiLì
F~RWxqsLì ALRi\s[xtsQs=)sV GLSV P[RWs IxmsLiRLi
NRPVRVLRiVNRPVLij. 2010[ FyLRiLi\sVs ILjig][ \lLiRVNRPV @s
syVgS P[RVWRssrLij. ALiRxms[a`P, LigS, sVLSxts,
LSrys, NRPLSNRPJ sVVRLi 100 Fsmns{msJsV GLSV P[zqs
\lLiRVNRPV @LiRgS sLij.
BLiTRW V= sVWRVsxmnsLi`= I|mss FsLi` CNTP*
{qsLisV BLiTRW V= s[VN`P Bs BLiTRW c lLi LjiLRi` xmnsLi`gS
FyLRiLixqsVsV |qsNTP RLRixqsV P[xqsVNRPVLij. N]R xmnsLi` AxmnsLì RLRi

LRiW.10 RVWsgS sLRiLiVVLiLij. FsLi [` s {qsLi[ P[lLi[ yLji
sVLi FsLi LRiVxqsVsVV dxqsVN][LRiV. @LiVV[ INRP xqsLisR=LRiLi NRPLi[
sVVLiRVgS {qsLi sVLi ]gjiy.. [y s[lLi[ ryLiNRPV sWLji[ sWRLi
INRP aSRLi Fsgji [` sjryLRiV. N]R {qsLi g][`, sXj][FyV
TsLi`, [sqs Axms<s DLiVLij. C {qsLi NTPLiR NRPsxtsQLigS LRiW.10
N][V }qsNRPLjiLiys[ ORPQLi][ BLiTRW V= DLij. NRPsxtsQLigS
RLRixqsV RLRi LRiW.500gS sLRiLiVVLij. C {qsLi R*LS }qsNRPLjiLis
RVsV xmsVR*Li xmsuyRLigS P[xmss s[VN`P Bs BLiTRW }msLRiV][
GLSV P[}qsNRPLi|msdsNRPV |msR FsRVs LRiVV xqssVNRPWLRiVxqsVLij.
s\T 7
>TsTys+ 23 @| 2015
ksY d{> H&

(sVVR }ms RLRiVyLiVV)
zms.yLSRV FyLRiV. NSNTPyR NSL]lLi[xtsQs xmsLjijs ryLì zqsgS
sWlLi[LiRVNRPV B[ NSLSRLRi xmsNRP][ FsLi[RVW
NRPVRVLRiVNRPVLiVsV }msL]yLRiV. VN][xsW xqs @sXj\|ms @NRPT FLRiV
@RORPVRV sVxqsRVVNTP RNRPztsQsW, RLiRVNRPV xmssLìFyLiVVLi xmsLi[xtsQs
BsV sTLiyLRiV. zqs |qsLiLì Fsss=sVLi FyNRPV, sy
LjiNRPs[VxtsQs FyNRPV, N][[NRPV sW s xqss[ \sV, LRiy, @LiRLì g_Li`
FsN`P=|msqs s[ FyNRPV @sXj gRiVLjiLi VN]x[sW xmssRVV
ssLjiLiyLRiV. R*LRi[ NSNTPyRsV xqsLiRLji+Li GG LRiLigS @sXjNTP
xmsVR*Li][ NRPzqs xmssP[RWs[ @LiaRPLi\|ms INRP @sgSxsNRPV AsVyLRiV.
NSNTPyR @sXjNTP xmsoxtsQ\sVs ds ssLRiVV, BLiRs ssLRiVV DsV C
xqsLiRLRiLigS {qsFsLi RLiRV Fys xmssj XLiysNTP RV[aSLRiV.
xmsxqsVRLi NSNTPyRcsaS sVR yVgRiV \s LRixyLji DsRs, sVWRV
LSuyV, INRP ZNP[LiRFyR FyLiys NRPVxmsoRW R*LRi[ d` L][RV
sLjiLiRsVysVs FyLRiV. VN][xsW zqs N_s= XLiRLi RsV
\sxmsos DxmsWgjiLi NSNTPyRsV xqsVLiRLRi sgRiLRiLigS dLjijRysNTP
][yVsV @LijLiys, WLjiLi, s[qs s[Vs[sVLi, sNRP sxqsRV
NRPs, NSVxtsQ sRVLiR RLRiNRPV xqsxNRPLjiLiys N][LSLRiV. NSNTPyR
FsNSsN`P @Li` Lìs[Lì FyLRiV @sXjNTP Fys xqsxNSLRiLi @LijLiys
szms P[aSLRiV. B DLiRgS, C sLRiV[ FysNRPV Lijs sVs{qs Amns FsNS
sdsV, [` @Li` BLiR{qs (sV) sVLi][ RLiRV xqssWs[aRP\sVs RLS*R
VN][xsW zqs N_s=][ @sgSxs IxmsLiRLi NRPVRVLRiVN][sVsV LSxtsQ
xmssXj aS sVV NSLRiRLji+ Fs.gjiLjiRLì FyLRiV.
eT+<T\ ejT!
uyxmsoV sLRi*zxqsVs dLRiV sVgRiVRWRLi L][gRiVV ALi][s
LiRVRVyLRiV. xqsLiLiRLi [s sVLiRVV yRRLi s @s[NRP RVxtsyV
FsRVLRisoyLiVV. N]s ORPQNRPV xmsV RWLiRWN`P=, |msLiVVs NTPLì
sVLiRV][ yyNRPLigS DxmsaRPsVsLi Liy A sVLiRVV kLRiNSNRPLigS
yLji\|ms FsLi][ xmssLi RWxmsoyLiVV. aRPLkiLRiLi[ @sRVyV FyR[V
@sNSaRPLi NRPWy DLiVLij. sxtsQRV[ FsRVLRi[V xmsLjisW\|ms
@sgSxs [s @sWRVNRP L][gRiVV \FRVyLRiV. FnyLRi{qs RLi 1948
xmsNSLRiLi @L>RiV\s FnyLRizqsxqsV[ sVLiRVV By*s sLiRsV Dy..ys
FssLRiW RLRiV P[RVRLi [RV. 24 gRiLi sVLiRV RVNS[ NRPRLigS
sVVgRiVLRiV FnyLRizqsxqsVV xqsLjizmnsZNP F~Lij DLiys sLiRsV VRVyLiVV.
NSds IZNP[ xqsLjizmnsZNP][ 24 gRiLi sVLiRV RVNSsV
sLRi*zxqsVyLRiV.@sL>RiV\s FnyLRizqsxqsVV sVLiRV RVNSV sLRi*z}qs
yLji\|ms ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[zqs, sVLiRVsV {qs P[}qs @sNSaRPLi DLiVLij.
@sL>RiV][ @s[NRP BLiRVV
xmsL][gRiLi RXuy xmsxtsQ\sVs RV, sLiRsV Dy ys
RLRiV P[RVNRPVLiy @sL>RiV\s zqsLij][s[ sVLiRVV sNRPRWV
LRiVxmsoRVyLRiV. @sL>RiV\s FnyLRizqsxqsVV sVLiRV RVNSV
sLRi*zxqsVLiRLi s \sRVV INRP LRiNRPLi LS}qs sVLiRVNRPV...sVLiRV
RVNS[ BP[ sVLiRVNRPV xqsLiLiRLi DLiRLi [RV. s[lLi[ NRPLi|msdsNTP Lijs
@s[ sVLiRVV @LiW L][gRiVNRPV BxqsVyLRiV. P[}qsj [NRP sVLiRV RVNS
sLS*xNRPVV G sVLiRVV B}qs, L][gRiVV @s[ yRVRVyLRiV. yLi][FyV
sVLiRV RLRiV, xmsLjiNRPLS RLRi sxtsQRVLi[ xqs\lLis sRVLiR
[NRPFsRLi][ sVLiRV RVNS ][zmsUNTP @RW@RVxmso [NRPVLiy FRVLij.
sVLiRV RVNS[ xmssP[}qs zqsLijNTP xqs*NSLi bPORPQ B, yLji][
RVNSV sTzmsxqsVLiRLi][ @s[NRP xqssVxqsV FsRVLRisoRVyLiVV.
xqsLiLijR sVLiRV xms zqsLijNTP xqs\lLis @sgSxs [NRPFsRLi][ G][ INRP LRiNRPLi sVLiRVsV L][gRiVNRPV @LigRiRVRVyLRiV. sVLiRV N]sVg][V
xqsLiRLRiLigS RVNS RVsWs sVLi BLiRVV R[, zmnsLSRV
P[RW=s Rgì Bs|qsNRPLRi }msLRiV, yLji x[y, Fns sLiLRiV Ds [LRiVsV
RVNSLi[ ssWgRiyLRiVNRPV NRPszmsLiP[ DLiy. y y[
BLis[ds [NRPVLiys[ sNRPRWV rygjixqsVyLRiV.
s< sD
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NRPVxmsoN]s 370 RRLRixmso NTP[dsVLRi xmsLjij[ sgRiLSs @sXj P[}qsLiRVNRPV sVL][ xms[NRP\sVs sWxqsLìFyssV By*s sVVsVLi RLiRV
zqsLigRixmspLì xmsVy*s N][LjisV FyLRiV. N][Lì NSzms GLjiRW sVR[ Ds
N]LiRds ygRiVsV LRiVsogS @sXj P[RWs sVLisVLiR
sLRiLiVVLisV FyLRiV. yyxmso 400 RRLRixmso NTP[dsVLRi F~Rsoy
sxqsLjiLisos C ygRiV y*LS xms[V sL<SNSLi[ 3sVLi 12 FsLi{qs
dsLRiV xmsszxqsVLiRs, BLiRV[ sVWRV FsLi{qs dss s*P[zqs
\|RLS`[s LiN`PLi` sWjLjigS @sXj P[}qsLiRVNRPV RLRiV
dxqsVNRPVLiVysVs sTLiyLRiV. zqsLigRixmspLì[sW sgRiLRiLi sVR[
B[sR\sVs LRiVso DsV FyLRiV. N]LiRds ygRiVsV LRiVsogS @sXj
P[}qsLiRVNRPV @RsLigS 1000 FsNRPLSV @sxqsLRisVs zqsLigRixmspLì XLiRLi
sVVsVLiNTP xqsWLisV ssLjiLiyLRiV. {qsALìUG sVLi sVVgRiVLRiV,
BLjilgi[xtsQs aSsVLi BRLRiV @jNSLRiVsV FsLizmsNRPP[zqs zqsLigRixmspLì LRiVso
@sXj\|ms @RRVsLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV HRVgRiVLRiV xqsV][ NRPWTs XLiys
R*LRi[ A[aSsNTP xmsLizmsxqsVsV FyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi gRiVLiWLRiV [s 29
gSsW xmsLjij[ xmsVR*Li xqsdsVNRPLjiLis 33 s[ FsNRPLS W s{qsLRiLi[
xmspLjiryLiVV @sXj NSLRiNRPsWV Ljigjis RLS*[ LSys sgRiLSs
sxqsLjiLixms[rysVs sVLi yLSRV xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. NRPXuysj 20sVLi 25
NTP[dsVLRi sLRiNRPV Li` xmspLigì[ DLiVLiRyLRiV. sjNTP BLRiV\sxmso
5sVLi 10s[ FsNRPLSV xmsLSNRP @sXjNTP ZNP[LiVVrysVyLRiV. zqsLigRixmspLì,
HH deTs bdtyTH de\T

BLiNTP P[LRiVryRV.
ALRiV zmssN][` GLjiRW[s[ }qssV
xmsxqsVysNTP ALRiV zmssN][` GLjiRW xmsLjij[

xmsRVRLi sVd sVVR\Lij. xmsxmsLiRLi[NTP
RWxqsVN]xqsVs |mssVsWLRiV @LRiP[LiVV @RV |ms
Fss*LRiW Axms[LRiV. NSNRPF[... A sWLRiVNRPV
@sVgRiVLigS ss\ZaPs, sX \sxmsos
sVLRiVgRiVxmsLRiVRVN][sRLi INRP[ A*sLiy=s
xmsLjisVLi. xmsxqsVRLi LRiVgRiV][LiR[.
NUPRVxqsV Fqss[Vss CcNSsVLì=NTP
@sVxqsLiysLi P[xqsW ALRiLRisV xmsNRPV P[LRis[}qs
XxRLRi NSLRiNRPsWs \xmspLì[ N]RgS
@sVVxmsLRiVxqsVyLRiV. As\s[ Fss\lLiy
@sxqsLRi\sVs DRRVV N]sVg][V P[}qs... ys
24gRiLi[xmsogS NRPxqssVLRiNRPV @LiR[}qsLiRVNRPV
Fqss[Vs }qss DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVLiVyLRiV.
As\s y*LS DRRV sNRPLiVVLiP[ xmsV
xqsLixqsV BNRPT Fry{mnsxqsV][ @sVxqsLiysLi
@RWLiVV. yLi][, Ljigji Fqss[Vs BLiLi
RVxmsoV R[ @sNSaRPLi @LiRVV[NTP
sLij.
xmsxqsVRLi C xmsR \xmspLì[ sVLigRiyLRiLi
FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. NSNRPF[... sgRiRV Lixmso y*LS
DRRV N]sVg][V xmsNTPRV sWRLi
@LiRVV[ [RV. As\s y*LS ALRiLì P[}qs
NRPxqssVLRiNRPV sWRLi DRRV Fqss[Vs RLigS
>qes+ msTTsY bsY udsD

@jNSLRiVV, sWNRPsLRiLi FssV[
xmsxmssRVV xqssWs[aSV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. W
}qsNRPLRi xmsNSLRiLi C Gyj sWLji yNTP FsNRPLSsNTP LRiW.
43.2 ORPQV NSgS Gzms s[ LRiW. 46.8 ORPQV sWlLi
RLRi DsV @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ xmsVR*Li
ZNP[xqsLjixms \lLiRVNRPV LRiW. 97 ORPQV , VRsLRiLi \lLiRVNRPV
LRiW. 58 ORPQV, @LixmspT[ LRiW. 46.8 ORPQ sLRiNRPV
Liys sLRiLiVVLiLij. ks\|ms GNSFyRVLi
NRPVRLRi[RV. kLi][ NRPXuy NRPNRPLì, FssV[ ss[s
sLibdP, LiVVLi NRPNRPLì gRiLiRLi RLiRVRV][
VRyLRiLi yR NRPNRPLì NSLims NSLSRVLi[
\lLiRVV xqssWs[aRPsVRWLRiV. Li` xmspLigì xmsR[
WsVVP[ \lLiRV sVLi HNRPxmsyV {qs*NRPLjiLi
LSys FyLiR \lLiRVNRPV BP[ sRLigSs[ FyZNP[
@LijLiP[LiRVNRPV xmsVR*Li zqsRLigS DLiRs xmsNRPLiyLRiV.
\lLiRVV N][LRiVRVs sRLigS LkiV, sV WsVVNRPV
xqssWsLigS 14 sLiR RRLRixmso gRi xqss @LijLiP[
sxtsQRV\sV xmsVy* NTP ss[jrysVs FyLRiV. HRV
|qsLi [xmso xqsV, BV N][[LiVVs sLS*zqsRVNRPV ALì
@Li` ALì FyZNP[[ gRiLigS Lki |qssVLi [s[
HRV |qsLi[ gRiXV sLjirysVs, NRPVVLiLi[ 18
xqsLisR=LSV \|msTs yLjiNTP NRPWy LSLiVVd sLjixqsVLiRs
NRPNRPLì ssLjiLiyLRiV. HRV |qsLi NRPLi[ FsNRPVs N][[LiVVs
yLjiNTP WsV @sXj[ gRiry*sVLi NRPLi
sxtsQxmsLjiLRiLi rysVyLRiV. ssryRV NRPWdNRPV,
Fs{qs=, Fs{qsNRPV L][NRPV LRiW. 169 ]xmsVs 365 sVLi 750
xmssjyV NTPLi LixmsoV LRiVxmsoysVs
ssLjiLiyLRiV. WsVVV, syryV N][[[V yLjiNTP
lLiLiRV RaRPVgS FyZNP[ @sVV P[rysVs FyLRiV.
AyRVLi LiP[ jaRPgS ss\sV |qssVLi NTPLiR LRiW.
25 sVLi gRiXx sLSsNTP @sxqsLRi\sVs LRiV. 50s[
sLRiNRPV LRiVV @Lij LiRgRisVyLRiV. syryV N][[[V
yLjiNTP LiNRPV LRiV][ FyV BLijLS Ayqs Ws
\y, Fys [aSsVLi @sVsLi gRi sLS xqsLixqssV A*sLi sWxqsLì

sxmsLì=gS FsLizmsNRP P[rysVyLRiV. FyLRiRLRi+NRPLigS DLi[LiRVNRPV J|mss LiRLRi
y*LS sLS RRV @xmsgjirysVyLRiV. LSys N][xqsLi xqsdsVNRPLjiLis
33s[ FsNRPLS WsV[ 31s[ FsNRPLS[ xqslLi[* xmspLRiLiVVLiRs, A WsVVsV
RRVsV P[}qs NSLRiNRPsWs NRPWy FyLRiLiLiysVs FyLRiV. @sRsVV
RgSyV, RjRLRi NSLRi s 2s[ FsNRPLSV N][LRiV syy[ DsLiRVs
xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLRisV[V sLRiNRPV @LiRV[ FsLi @sXj NSLRiNRPsWV P[xms[sVyLRiV. ss sLRiNRPV 7,500 FsNRPLS WsVNTP xqsLiLijLis \lLiRVNRPV
LRiVsW{mnss xmspLjiP[aSsVyLRiV. {qs` NSzms GLjiRWgS xmsLjigRixqsVs 8
NTP[dsVLRi xmsLjij[ G INRP gSsWs RLRiLiRRLi [Rs, C sxtsQRVLi[
@sVsWyNRPV AryLRiLi [Rs, sRLiRVsV xmsV ssVsRs sVLi
yLSRV xqsWLiyLRiV. FsxmsLjizqsRV[sW gSsV NRPLihRiLi WsVV [NTP
sRLi [RyLRiV. s[V s 1yNTP LkiV WsVVNRPV FsNRPLSNRPV LRiW.50s[V,
BRLRi WsVVNRPV FsNRPLSNRPV LRiW.30s[ ]xmsVs \lLiRVNRPV yL<jiNRP Lixmso
xmsNTPRVsV xmspLji P[rysVyLRiV. Li` xmspLigìNRPV BxtsQLi [Rs \lLiRV sVLi
600 FsNRPLS WsVs W }qsNRPLRi RLi y*LS dxqsVNRPVLisVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.
{qsALìUG xmsLjij[ WsVVs \lLiRVNRPV xmsVR*sVP[ xqsNRPV FsLi
Lji}qsxtsQs yLkiV DLiRsyLRiV. LSys sLSLi[ gRiry*sVLi
xmsLiRVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV gki yxqsV[s xmsVy*sNTP xmsFyRs xmsLizmss sxtsQRVLi yxqsss[Vss IxmsVNRPVyLRiV. @LiVV[ C xmsFyRs sVVsVLi xmsLjibdPs[
DsRs, BxmssLRiNRPV FsLi sLRiRVLi dxqsVN][[Rs [FyLRiV.
xmsRNSs @sVV P[rysVyLRiV. xmsysLigS

\lLiRVNRPV sxtsQxmsLjiLRiLi LiP[ sxtsQRV\sV
@jNSLRiVV, \lLiRV sVR INTPLiR ygS*RLi
LjigjiLij. 2005 y Rs NSNRPVLiy 2013
W }qsNRPLRi Rs @sVV P[RWs \lLiRVV
TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. @Li[NSRV gRiRLi[
dRV LRixyLji sxqsLRiNRPV NRPWy W
}qsNRPLRi LjiFyLRis, lLiLi][sRR W }qsNRPLRi
Ljizms[ 70 aSRLi @Rsxmso xmsLjiLRiLi
Liys[j RLi[ DLiRs \lLiRVV
gRiVLRiVP[aSLRiV. W }qsNRPLRi RLi xmsNSLRiLi
WsV[s \lLiRVNRPV sNRPV LRiW. 2s[ ]xmsVs
20 GV ssX NRPLiyyLRiV.
@LiRLjiNUP AsWRWgRi\sVs FyZNP[s
xmsNRPLiys TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. NSgS sVLjiN]LiRLRiV
\lLiRVV LSys FyLiRLi[ BLilLi[xtsQs FsLiVVLìFLRiV
sLjiLiRVN][LiT.. NS[sFyRV.. sVLigRigjiLji FyLiy[
W }qsNRPLRi LRixmsNRPVLiy sV\ss WsVV
RNRPVsRLRiNRPV }qsNRPLjirysVLi[ Fs xqszrysVs
FsRVLRiVLjigSLRiV. saSxmsLi[ @LiRLSdRV ryLiVV
ssWyaRPRWs sLjixqsVyLRiV.. gRissLRiLi[ sxqsLRi
[sNRPs xmsbPLiyLRiV. W }qsNRPLRiNRPV sLSNRPLjiLiyLRiV. kLi][
@jNSLRiVV yLjis xqssVVyLiVVLiyLRiV. sxqsLRi s C
FyLiR xmsZNP[ g_LRisLi |msLRiVgRiVRVLiRs xqsLjiFyLRiV. W
}qsNRPLRi\|ms NRPNRPLì V dsVTRW][ sWRVRW
[zmnsZNP[xtsQs sLji RaRP[ DLiRyLRiV. sVVR sRR[
435 FsNRPLSV, lLiLi][sRR[ 200 FsNRPLSV
}qsNRPLjirysVyLRiV. Li` @NTP*xtsQs [y Li`
xmspLig` xmsNTPRV[ Gj NSyLi[ @j @sVV
P[rysVyLRiV. Li` FsNTP*xtsQs NTPLiR sVWRV
gSsWNRPV LRiW. 570 N][V xmsVR*Li Liy=
sxqsVLiRs FyLRiV. Hr[xtsQs [ @\ssVLi
sWLSs \lLiRVV szmsP[aSLRis xmsVy*sNTP
ss[jrysVyLRiV. LRiW. 50 N][V ALì @Li` ALì FyZNP[
NTPLiR LRisoRVLiRs FyLRiV. xmsjL][[ }qsNRPLRi
FyLRiLirysVyLRiV. FssV[ sLibdP sWRVRW
gSsW yLki NSNRPVLiy W }qsNRPLRi Lji}ms @LiRLRiV
\lLiRVV IZNP[ LRiNRP\sVs FyZNP[s N][LRiVRVyLRis, ks
xmsVR*Li RXztsQNTP dxqsVNRPVs xmsLjixtsQLjirysVyLRiV. NSgS
VRsLRiLi gSsV syrysV LRiss[ }qsNRPLRi xmsNTPRV
sVLi sVsLiVVLisV ssLjiLiyLRiV. @[ gSsWsNTP
Lijs 3.5 FsNRPLS [yyRV WsVV[ BV
N][[LiVVs yLjiNTP xmsysWRV sxqs][ FyV RRLRixmso
gRisNTP LRiW. 3,969 xmsLjiLRiLigS BrysVyLRiV.
xmsVy*sNTP P[zqss xmsFyRs\|ms RVj sLRiRVLi
dxqsVNRPVs @sLiRLRiLi sVL][ryLji xqssWs[aRPLi NSys
sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV. ssWyaRPRVLi \lLiNRPLì LSNTPuLì
sxqsLRi\|ms ssLjiLiyLRiV.
108 ;& J |yX\T s<T

sxqsWV P[zqs xmss[aSV NRPLiRys DsR sysVLiR dsLigS xmsLjigRiLiLij. C xmss[aS gRiVVsV LRiV
P[}qsLiRVNRPV ssR saRP*syRWNRPV Lijs {qssRVLì @yxmsNRPV][ NRPsVs sRVsVLi syLRi LjizmsLiLij.
RWsWyV P[xmss 3500 xmss[aSV sLiRsNRPV sLRiVRLigS DyRVs, dRV DFyyRV [Ry sVLiR
sWLRiRLRi+NSNRPV sLRiVRLigS ssxLjiLiyLRis NRPsV [RLi][ DsR sysVLiR C xmss[aSsV LRiRV P[RWs
sLRiLiVVLiLij. sWss ssLRiV aSsVLi gRiLi bdPsyxqsLSso \|qsRLi C @NRPsV xmss[aS\|ms syLRi Ljizms NRPhjis RLRiV
dxqsVN][ys xqsLiLijR @jNSLRiVsV A[bPLiyLRiV.
DRRV FyLji+V @jNRPLigS Ds ][NRPV sWRs[V

As\s AyLjiR Fqss[Vs }qss xmsLjisVRLi
P[zqssV \xmspLì[s dmns FqssWxqsLì sLRi UZNP[qs
_s FyLRiV. C }qssNRPV xqsVs xmsRLRi
RXztsQ[ DLiRVNRPVs sVLjis FyLiyNRPV sxqsLjiLiP[
@sNSaSV DyRVyLRiV. sVLigRiyLRiLi yRV
k...>r!
yLjis Fs][ INRP sRLigS W xqsdsVNRPLRi NTPLiRNRPV dxqsVNRPVLSys[ xmsVR*
WRs[ gRiLigS xqsdsVNRPLRi RVj gRiRVsosV FsxmsNRPxmsoRV F~TgjixqsW
sxqsVyLRis[ yLRiV sssxqsVyLiVV. Li` xmsp LigìNRPV xqsxNRPLjiLiRs \lLiRV
sVLi W }qsNRPLRi P[rysVs xmsVR*Li xmsNRPLiy xmsxqsVRLi W }qsNRPLRi NRPV
xqsLiLijLis V[ ZNP[LiRLi[ LRiVgRiVRVs ALi][s s[xmsRLi[
xmsVR*Li W xqsdsVNRPLRi y*LSs[ \lLiRV sVLi WsVVsV dxqsVN][ys
xmsRVyV rygjixqsVLij. xmsxqsVRLi LRiVgRiVRVs W xqsdsVNRPLRi\|ms xmsVsoLRiV
\lLiRVV N][LRiVsV AaRPLiVVLiRRLi, IxmsLiR xmsysV BP[LiRVNRPV ssVNSRLi
RjRLRi NSLRi s[xmsRLi[ xmsVR*Li AbPLisLiR s[VLRi W xqsdsVNRPLRi
xmsNTPRV s[gRisLiRLigS LRigR RLi [Rs[ sxtsQRVLi xqsxtsQsVsoRVLij. VRyLRiLi
Ljigjis NSs[ xqssWs[aRPLi[ LSys xmsLjijs 225 sVLi 350 NTP[dsVLRi
xmsLjijNTP sxqsLjixqsVsV xmsNRPLiRRLi][ xqsRLRiV |msLjigjis s{qsLRiLi FsV\sxmsosNRPV
sVRVLi][ss \lLiRVV DRV=NRPR][ DyLRiV. @Li[NSNRPVLiy F~TgjiLis
s{qsLRiLi[ gRiR WsVVsV NRPWy Li` xmspLigì y*LSs[
xqsdsVNRPLjiLiRsVsV xmsVR*Li xmsNRPLis s[xmsRLi[ sVL][sWLRiV NRPWy
xmsNTPRV F~TgjiLiRsRs sxqsVyLRiV.
sVLiRVV DLi[s[ xmssVV sVVLiRVNRPV ..
sVLiRVV DLi[s[ LSys xmsLjij[ WsV RRVsVP[}qs xmsNTPRV
LRiVgRiVRVLij. [NRPF[ xmssVV sVVLiRVNRPV rygRiRLi[RV. ksNTP sRLRi+ss[V
VRyLRiLi \|RLS`[ Ljigjis NSs xqssWs[aSsNTP sVLiRVV xLRiV
NSsRLi][ LSys xmsLjij[s gSsW[ WsV RRVsV xmsNTPRVNRPV
@yLiRLRiLi GLRiTLij. gRiR yLRiLi L][VgS sVLiRVV yLSRV, xmsFy
xmsoLSsoV xmsV gSsW[ IxmsLiR xmsyV Bs \lLiRVNRPV xmsLjiLRiLi
@LiR[zqs F~sV RRVsVP[}qs xmsNTPRVsV s[gRisLiRLi P[aSLRiV. @LiyP[zqsy
5s[ FsNRPLSNRPV sVLi RRVsVP[}qs xmsNTPRV xmspLjiNS[RV. xmsVR*Li s[V
15sLRiNRPV gRiRVso F~TgjiLiRRLi][ sVWRV yLS[ sVgjis WsVs FsLiR
s[VLRi \lLiRV sVLi ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVs RRVsVP[ryL][ FsRVLRiV RWy= DLij.
LRiVsW{mnsNTP @RsLigS 1900 RLRixqsVV
LSys FyLiRLi[ BxmssLRiNRPV ssR NSLRi ss LRiVsW{mns
sLjiLiRs \lLiRVV xqsVsWLRiV 1900 sVLij sW{mns N][xqsLi {qsALìUG
NSLSRVLi[ RLRixqsVV @LiR[aSLRiV. LRiVsW{mns xqsLiRLRiLigS ssR
ryLiZNP[NRP NSLRi ss dsLRiLiRLjiNTP sW{mns sLjiLiR[RV. xmsNRP xqsLixmnsVLi
xqsVV NRPVVLiLSso gRiR yLRiLi LSys gSsWsV xmsLRiLis
xqssVRVLi[ \lLiRVV sxtsQRWs sTLiRgS Ljigji RLRixqsVV P[xqsVNRPVLi[
xmsLjibdPrysVs }msL]s s[xmsRLi[ \lLiRVV sVL][sWLRiV sW{mnsN][xqsLi
RLRixqsV P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. Bj DLiRgS LRiVsW{mnsNTP xqsLiLijLi
NRPVVLiLSso, sVLiRVV yLSRV, xmsoLSsoV P[zqss dsVV @sVV
NSNRPFsRLi][ \lLiRVV AxqsxysNTP gRiVLRisoRVyLRiV. LSys FyLiRLi[
Is\sV |qs NTPLiR LRiW.168N][sV sRVR P[xqsVysVs, \lLiRV y[
s[LRiVgS sV P[RVRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs xmsNRPsV @LiVV[ gRiVzmsLiyLRiV NSds
@RLRi[ sWRLi @sVV [Rs \lLiRVV AL][zmsxqsVyLRiV.
xms[NRPLigS xms FyLiysNTP sWRs[V }qss

FyLRiLiLiysVyLRiV. aSLimsU, zmnsmsNSLì,
@sVs, yFy,
RWmsdsV NRPLi|msds ALRiLRisV NRPxqssVLRiNRPV
24 gRiLi ssj[s[ P[lLi[ RR
{qs*NRPLjiLisV dmns FqssWxqsLì sLRi
_s FyLRiV. R*LRi[ gSdsV
FyLiyNRPV NRPWy C }qss sxqsLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLiVysVyLRiV.
C xmsNTPRV[ Fqss[VsNRPV P[[ xm CcNSsVLì= NRPLi|msds][ RFyaS IxmsLiRLi
s[LiRVNRPV dsVgS Ds T\ssV
aSLimsU, zmnsmsNSLì, @sVs, yFy, RWmsdsV Li NRPLi|msdsV LRidRV
@LiRVV[NTP xqsVysVs,
Ry*LS gS=NTP xqsLiLijLis Fry{mnsxqsV][ BxmsZNP[ IxmsLiRLi NRPVRVLRiVNRPVyLiVV. Fqs s[Vs }qss
y
xqssWyLRiLi][FyV ssWgjiLiRVNRPVLiW gSdsV FyLiy ORPQLigS P[xqsVNRPVLiVyLiVV.
DRRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi sgRiRV
RFyaS 24 gRiLi[ DRRV ssWgRiyLRiV LiRNRPV P[lLi[ RRsV
LixmsoV ssLS NRPWy {qs*NRPLjiLiLij. @LiVV[, sgRiRV Lixmso][ DRRV P[LRis[}qs xmsNTPRVsV sWRLi
VxqsVNRPVs[ dsVLiVLiRs ARVs
@LiRVV[NTP dxqsVNRPVLS[RV.
FyLRi.
FyRsVNRPLigS As\s DRRV ALRiV zmssN][` FyLiyNRPV xmsLjisVRLi P[ryLRiV.
8,900 Fry{mnsxqsVNRPV T\sV
8,900 Fry{mnsxqsVNRPV T\s xmsLizms
gSd s V FyLiy [ F q s s[ V s NR P V P[ [ x m s [ L iR VNR P V d s \ s T \ s s V
P[}qsLiRVNRPV ORPQLi slLi[bPLiRVNRPVysVs, @LijxqsVyLRiV. C T\s y*LS As\s DRRVNRPV xqsLiLijLis NRPRVsNRPRWV,
xmsxqsVR ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LSsNTP 3 s[ sgRiRV Lixmso y[ds ssLSV Fqs s[Vs VxqsVNRPVs[ dsVLiVLij.
Fry{mnsxqsVNRPV @s @Li[ RLRiV
8,900 Fry{mnsxqsV[ T\sV R*LRi[ xmsLizms P[ryLRiV.
dxqsVNRPVLiVysVs _s FyLRiV.
nesTT\< Vy
55.62 X+ rs \+>D +sY |djTsY |*\T $&T<\

n&H d|yT+ |E e]B yT 1 |\T yT 25 qT+
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: LigS LSxtsQLi[ BLiLì

sVVR xqsLisR=LRiLi xmnsy[ @sWLiVVV RsV xysV
N]srygjiLiyLRiV. xms Gyj sWjLjigSs[ C GRV NRPWy
DdLRiR[ @sWLiVV[ sVVLiRVyLRiV. @sWLiVV Fyqs
xmsLRi=Li[ 61 aSRLi DLiRgS, @ LiVVj 49 aSRLigS DLij.
VRyLRiLi Dxms sVV sVLi NRPTRVLi bdPxLji BLiLì sVVR
xqsLisR=LRiLi xmnsysV BLiLkiTRV NRPsVxtsQslLi[ NSLSRVLi
[ xmsNRPLiyLRiV. DxmssVVsVLi][FyV FyLRisVLiLki
NSLRiRLji+ xqsdtsQ, BLiLì[LRiV NSLRiRLji+ @a][N`P RjR LRiVV
FyyLRiV. gS LSxtsQLi GLRiTs RLRiVyR sVVRryLjigS
sLRi*zLis BLiLì xmsLkiORPQ xmnsysV sVVRryLjigS
xmsNRPLiRRLi AsLiRLigS DLiRyLRiV. xmsLkiORPQ xmnsysV R*LRigS
dxqsVNRPVLSsysNTP aRPsVLis DFyyRVV][FyV, zqsLijNTP
ARVs aRPVNSLiORPQV FyLRiV.xmnszqsRVLì sLRi[ 2,39,954
sVLij, JZNP[xtsQs 38,085 sVLij xmsLkiORPQNRPV LRiLiVVsV
FyLRiV. sLRi[ 55.62 aSRLi, JZNP[xtsQs[ 43.43 aSRLi

DdLRiR ryjLiyLRi FyLRiV.
xmsLkiORPQ[ NRPV 61.68 aSRLi, VLRiV 49.60 aSRLigS
FyxqsLiVVsV FyLRiV. JZNP[xtsQs[ NRPV 53.56 aSRLi,
VLRiV 37.42 aSRLi DdLRiR ryjLiyLRis FyLRiV. sVWRV
xqsLisR=LS xmnsysV xmsLjibdP}qs DdLRiR aSRLi |msLRiVgRiVRW
sxqsVLij. 2013[ 50 aSRLi, 2014[ 52.65 aSRLigS DLiRgS
C Gyj 55.62 aSysNTP P[LRiVNRPVLij. sVVR xqsLisR=LRiLi
syLRiVV rysNRP ALìH[ A{mnsxqsV[ RsV sVsWsV 26 sVLiT
dxqsVN][sRs FyLRiV. sVsW[ RxmsVV ]LjisLiVV[ s[V 22
[xmsogS xqsLiLijR zmss=Fy= y*LS RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][ys
sVLi xqsWLiyLRiV. @y*s= xqszmssVLiLki xmsLkiORPQV LS}qs
syLRiVV s[V 1 sLRiNRPV xmsLkiORPQ {mnssV LiRysNTP
RVjgRiRVsogS sVLi xmsNRPLiyLRiV. xmsLkiORPQ {mns sLRi yLjiNTP LRiW.
300, JZNP[xtsQs syLRiVNRPV LRiW. 400 DLiVLij. @s xmsLkiORPQ[
+sY |djTsY |*\T $&T<\ #dTq \+>D &|P{ dm+ &jT+
FyxqsLiVVs yLRiV BLixmspssVLi LSRWsVNRPVs[ yLRiV xmsLkiORPQ {mns][FyVgS @RsLigS IN][ xmsLkiORPQNRPV LRiW. 100 Liy=
DLiVLij. xqszmssVLiLki xmsLkiORPQV s[V 25 sVLiT s 1 sLRiNRPV
DLiRVyLRiV. LkiN_LiLigì N][xqsLi LRiW. 100 Liy=
DLiVLij. LkisLjizmnsZNP[xtsQs N][xqsLi LRiW. 600 {mns Liy. RVj
gRiRVso s[V 1, A RLRiVyR FsLi @Rsxmso LRiVxqsVLi][ RVjgRiRVso
F~TgjiLiRLRiV. xmnsy[ LRiLigSlLiT 71 aSRLi][ sVVR
rysLi[ DLiRgS sLiR 43 aSRLi][ sLji rysLi[ DLij.
yT H \+>D
|T&T\T |+&.. |]XeT\T k|+#+&

||+# <w ]+# {mdt mdt bdt
msTTsYbsY qT+ HsT> He< s+&
s+&Tys nqTeTT\ bJ d<+
s V<su< kyTd+> |]XeT
eTV+< |]XeT n<q| b+{
bs+ue+ eTTKeT+ dsY
Vsu< eTV+< n<q| b+{ bs+ue du {. dm+ dsY, eT+T\T Vwtse, p|* cse
xqsLigSlLiT , ZNPFssFss : xmsLjiaRPsV ryxmssNRPV xqsLiLijLi @s
@LiaSsV ys[ xqs*RVLigS RWRsVsV LSxtsQ sVVsVLi
NRP*NRPVLi RLiRZaP[LìLSso FyLRiV. ""BNRP @ds s[s[ RWxqsV
NRPVLi.. sVRsLRiVV DLiRLRiV.. RLRiVsV ssV sWxqsF[V
xmsLjizqs @xqs[ DLiRRV.. aRPLiuy` FsLiVVLì FLRiV[ jgji s[LRiVgS
y sRZNP[ dsVLRiV sP[ @s GLSsV P[aSsV..'' @ {qsFsLi ZNP[{qsAL`
xmsoN]yLRiV. N][RV [s 24 gRiLi y\sVs sRV`sV
@LijrysVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. xmsys sVLi zmsVxmsoss "s[VN`P
Bs BLiTRW'sV LigS[ P[zqs RWxmsoysVyLRiV.
sVRN`P {LS` sWNRPsLRi xmsLjij[s sV{LiR
@Li` sV{LiR xmsLjiaRPsV[ VRyLRiLi {qsFsLi ZNP[{qsALì xmsLjiaRPsV
@Rsxmso FyLisV FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. sV{LiR LRiWF~LijLis
N]R yxys sWlLi[NTP sRVR P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS

ZNP[{qsALì sW RVRW LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li LRiWF~LijLis N]R
FyLjiaSsVNRP syys ssLjiLiyLRiV. Rs\s \ZaP[ gRiR
xmsVy*\|ms sLigSryQV xqsLijLiyLRiV. LigSsV
RVNRPVs dLRiVsV xmsoN]yLRiV. R gjixmsy zmsLij P[zqs
RW|msRyss ZNP[{qsALì xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.
LigS zmsVrLij..
lLiLiRV, sVWRV L][[ FyLRiLiLiR[[V sWRs FyLjiaS
sVNRP sysLi (Fsqs H Fyqs) RLigS xmsxmsLiR RXztsQs ANRPL<jixqsVLi
Rs {qsFsLi FyLRiV. xmsLjiaRPsVV ryzmsLiR[[V yLjis RsV @jNS
LRiVV FsLiVVLìFLRiV[s[ NRPVxqsVN]s s[LRiVgS Rs sRNRPV dxqsVNRPVsry
LRis FyLRiV. yLji][ ys[ xqs*RVLigS sWT @ds ssLSV
}qsNRP LjiLi xmsLi}ms NSLSRLRi LRiWxmsojRVNRPVsV }msL]yLRiV.

lLiLiRV yLS[ yLjis Ljigji A*sLi xmsLjiaRPsV ryxmssNRPV
xqsLiLijLi s @s @sVsVRV FyZNP[s ys[ xqs*RVLigS
@Lijs*sVsV ZNP[{qsALì ssLjiLiyLRiV. BLiRVN][xqsLi GLSV
P[zqss "P[Ligì |qs' {qsFsLi NSLSRVLi[s[ DLiVLiRs
}msL]yLRiV. G sWRLi @sds [s zqsLigji sLi][ syys
xmss[aRP|msRVRVsV xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.
100 sVRVs yLRi |msVT][ rysVxqsLigì xmsLjiaRPsV
rysVxqsLigì xmsLjiaRPsV][ IxmsLiRLi NRPVjLjiLiRs {qsFsLi
FyLRiV. @ R*LRi[ 100 sVRVs yLRi |msVT][
rysVxqsLigì xmsLjiaRPsV \|RLS`[ sN][RVyLRis
}msL]yLRiV.
>TsTys+ 23 @| 2015
s\T
|<\ V\ |]sD u< |uT\<
$T{\T yjT+&
CrjT eqe V\ $TwH #sH ddt u\wDY
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : xqssWLi[ @

s syVgS ssVNRPT Ds RRVV, }msRs
LSV, @xqsRVV xNRPVsV NSFy[LiRVNRPV
xmsVR*Li @RLiR FyysR By*s d
RV sWss x NRPV NRPsVxtsQs \LRis zqsqs
NTPxtsQ zmsVxmsosyLRiV. xqsLiZOP[QsV NSLRiNRPsW
@sVV[ xmsLRis[ORPQ [zmsLiRRLi s xqsLiZOP[
QsV xmnsV ZOP[QRryLiVVNTP P[LRiRLi [Rs As[Rs
sNRPL P[aSLRiV. 2014c15 xqsLisR= LRiLi[ RsV
NRPsVxtsQs RXztsQNTP 98s[ 666 zmnsLSRVV @Liy
RVs sTLiyLRiV. VRyLRiLi BNRPR FsLizqs
ALì|ÀLìU[ dRV sWss xNRPV
NRPsVxtsQs zLRiLigRi syLRisV ARVs FyLRiLi
LiyLRiV. C zLRiLigRi syLRi[ NRPsVxtsQs
xqsVV zqsqs T.sVVLRiVlgi[aRPs, zqsqs [xqsmns
zqsLjiRVN`P, Fsqszqs zqs>y xms sVLi zmnsLSRV
sV dxqsVNRPVs xmsLjixtsQLjiryLRiV. sVWRV L][ Fy
V Ljilgi[ syLRi[ NRPsVxtsQs xmspLji xqsVV Fy
LiLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS zqsqs NTPxtsQ
sWRVRW, |tsQRW NRPV rysWNRP, LS
NUPRV, ALjiNRPxmsLRi\sVs xNRPV][ FyV LSLi
gRiLi NRPLis xNRPVsV NSFy[ RR xmsV
y*[ss @yLRiV. BLiRsLRiNRPV RsVyRV,
sVLSxtsQ, LSrys, sVRxms[a`P, DRLRixms[a`P
LSuyQ[ Ljizmss xmsLRis[ @gSLjis sLS
V FsRVL]LiVs xqssVxqsV sVgRiV[NTP
syRVs FyLRiV. BLiRNRPVsVVLi[ \|RLS
`NRPV LSy= DsxmsNUP ss xqssVxqs
s LS[NRPFRWsVyLRiV. RssLiRVV Fs
gRiW RsV xNRPVsV NSFyRVNRPVLiLRis, }msR
yRV sWRLi xNRPVsV RNTPLiRVN][[Rs, C
xmsLjizqsRV[ xmsVy*[ yLjiNTP @LiRgS sy

s N][LSLRiV. sWssy RXNRPRLi][ xms Vy*V
ssxLjiLiys xqsWLiyLRiV. sVygSLi
k dRV DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi, H{qsUFsqs,
s[xtsQs LRiWLRi | sVxtsQs (FssALì|`FsLi)
RjRLRi xsVLi xmsRNSsV xmsVy*V xmss[aRP|ms
sxmsNUP, y @sVV[ [xmsLi, xmsLRis[ORPQ
[zmsLiRRLi s yLRiVNRPV P[LRiLi [Rs
ssVLji+LiyLRiV. xNRPV NRPsVxtsQs INRP[ yLji
xNRPVNRPV L][ry Bs*[Rs, }msR sLSNRPV Fs
NRPR @yRVLi Ljigji[ @NRPR xmsVR*Li y
Fys N][LSLRiV. [LRiV[s yLjiNTP s\sVs
g]LiRVNRP xmsVR*s[V NSy yLRiV. @yRW
\|ms ysVV A[aSV Lki P[}qsLi RVNRPV BNRPTNTP
LS[Rs, ZNP[sLi xqsWRsV }msLiRVZNP[ sy
sVyLRiV. BNRPTNTP ss RsVNRPV lLiLiRV LSxtsQ
xmsVy*V sVLi xqsxNSLRiLi @LijxqsVyRV
s FyLRiV.
Fss|ÀLì{qs LjiryLì GZNP[ gSLì sWRV
RW, @xqsRVVNRPV NRPsVxtsQs g]LiRVNRPgS ss
xLjixqsVLiRyLRiV. BxmsNUP NRPWy RRV xms
ssORPQ RWxmsRLi, @LiLSsRsLi xmsRLji+LiRRLi,
[yRW xmss[aSV NRPLiRNRPFsRLi RVLRi
RXxtsQNRPLRisVyLRiV. sVsztsQs sVsztsQgS gRiVLjiLiP[
DsR\sVs xqssWs LRiWF~LijLiP[LiRVNRPV
xms INRPLRiW gRiry*sVVV NSys zmsVxmso
syLRiV. JTuy, zsWRxms[a`P[ RRV
NRPV [yRW xmss[aRPLi NRPLiRRLi [Rs RsV
RXztsQNTP sLiRs, @ [sRLigS RsVyRV[
@gRiNRPVV, RRVV s[lLi[*LRiV yLRiV[ sRs
RLi zqsgRiVP[\s sxtsQRVsVyLRiV. NRPsVxtsQs FsNRP
<qT\| + y~+|\ s<
@| |uT+| eqe V\
$TwH >V+
61 |{wqT $#sD
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[, ZNP[xqsV ssWRV[ FdxqsVV ssORPQ RWzmsLi
yLRi[, Fs{qs=, Fs{qsNRPV LjiLRiV* P[zqss FxqsVsV
Lki P[RVRLi [R[ zmnsLSRVV sxqsVyRVs
}msL]yLRiV. DsVT ALiRxms[a`P[ sNRP=Li
DLi[Rs, }msRyT xqssVxqsV xmsLjiuyLRiLi NSNRP
F[ @syLRiLigS dsyRLi \sxmso sVVgRiV RW
xmsoyLRis gSLì |RLjiLiyLRiV. LigS Fs{qs=
NRPV @sXj aS sVV NSLRiRLji+ [.lLi[
sWLi` {msLì sWRVRW, N]R LSxtsQLi[
sVVsVLi ZNP.RLiRZaP[LRiLSso ryLRiRLi[ Fs
[ xqsLiZOP[QsV NSLRiNRPsWV P[xmsRVRVysVs
@yLRiV. [aRPLi[ FsNRPy [s sRLigS IN][ R
R NRPVVLisNTP sVWNRPLS WsV N]sVg]
[V P[zqs xmsLizms P[xqsV ysVs, @LiRVNRPVgSsV
FsNRPLSNRPV LRiW. 3ORPQ sVLi LRiW. 10ORPQ sLRiNRPV
LRiV P[xqsVysVs FyLRiV. @Li[gSNRP Fs{qs=
xqsFys, Fs{qs xqsFys @sVV P[xqsVs xmnsVsR
VsT Xc#\+
LigS xmsVy*s[syLRiV. RR, gjiLji

sV @sXjNTP [LRiV[s xmsNRPV NRPsVxtsQs g]Li
RVNRP NSyyLRiV. 13 GVgS sVz @
sXj N][xqsLi xqs*RVLi xqsRVNRP xqsLixmnsWV ryzmsLi
yLRiV ALjiNRPLigS s]NRPVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV RLRiV
dxqsVNRPVLiVysVs FyLRiV.
ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQ Fs{qs= xqsLiZOP[QsV aS xms
[NRP xmsys NS LRiRLji+ LigRiLS Fy gS{
sWRVRW RsV xmsVR*Li }msRV, sLRiOSQ
sNTP gRiV\lLis sLS @sX[ ORPQLigS xmssP[rLi
RyLRiV. N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiV sLRiORPQLi sVWLi
gSs[ @sXj NSLRi NRPsWV NRPVLiVxms RVRV
yRVs ARVs FyLRiV. RsVj sWsdsRV
x m s VR * s Vs FyLR i V. @ s LiR LR i Li z q s q s
T.sVVLRiVlgi[aRPs, zqsqs [xqsmns zqsLjiRVN`P, Fsqszqs
zqs>y s[lLi[*LRiVgS lLiLiRV VgRiV LSuyNRPV Li
js xms xqssVxqs\|ms zLRiLigRi syLRi
P[xmsLRiV.
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: xqsV{msLi N][LRiV sWLRiRLRi+NS

xmsNSLRiLi xmss FyLiy[, xmsVR* NSLSRW[ sVz
\|ms \LigjiNRP s[jLixmso sL][RNRP NRPsVsV s[RWs G{ms
xmsVy*s dRV sWss xNRPV NRPsVxtsQs A[bPLiLi
j. sWLRiV xqsLiZOP[QsV aSNRPV Lijs D][gjis\|ms @[
aSjNSLRiVV sVgRiVLRiV \LigjiNRP s[jLixmso\|ms ss zmns
LSRVsV NRPsVxtsQs xqsVRV zqsqs T.sVVLRiVlgi[aRPs syLjiLi
yLRiV. Rs\|ms LRiVgRiVRVs \LigjiNRP yT\|ms gRiRLi[ xqsLiZOP[QsV
aS NRPdsVxtsQsLRiV, sVz NRPdsVxtsQs \LRis RXztsQNTP dxqsVNRPVs
sxmsNUP xqsLijLiR[Rs jRVLSV NRPLiRT |ms
FyLRiV. xmsVR* D][gjis @LiVVs RsZNP[ yRVLi LRigRiNRP
F[ rysWsVNRPV FsNRPR LRiVgRiVRVLiRs RsV s
NRPL P[aSLRiV. ZNP[xqsV xmspLRi*xmsLSsV xmsLjibdPLis yRVsVW
Lji BsL][V zmnsLSRVsV FsLiRVNRPV xmsLiRVN][[Rs AgRi
xLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. INRP sVz Rs RsV sNRPLi P[}qs
xqsLijLiRNRPFsys GsVys xmsbPLiyLRiV. saS
ZNP[xqsV[ xqsV{msLiN][LRiV Lki P[zqss sWLRiRLRi+NSsV @sVV
P[}qsLiRVNRPV RLRiV dxqsVN][ys A[bPLiyLRiV. AsVsV s[
jLixmsoNRPV gRiVLji P[zqss yLji\|ms RLRiV dxqsVN][ys, Fs{qs=,
Fs{qs RLi NTPLiR xmsLjiLRiLi Liys, sVVLiRVgS LRiW.
ORPQ xmsLjiLRiLi By*s G{ms xmsVR* ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[Q sV aS
sV A[bPLiyLRiV. RRVxmsLji syLRisV yLiVVy s[aSLRiV.
|\R FyNRPV sLSLi|\ms s s[ jNRP Bs*LiT

NRPLRiWV s[Li|msLi gSsVLi[P[xmsRVRVs \|
nesT\ =eTTdTHs+...
eT<V\ bdtes+ y~ { >qT\ XK &ssY| VsT >V+
$#sD s|{ ysTT< ydq VsT
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : RWLRiV ZaP[uyRLi @R

so[ Ljigjis FssN_LiLì[ RsFLiVVs yLji[ ALRiV sVX
R[ Lki FqssWLRiLi ss[jNRPsV ALiRxms[a`P xmsVR*Li
\|N][LRiVNRPV xqssVLjiLiLij. @LiVV[ sVVR FqssWLRiLiNRPV
xqsLiLijLis FnlLis=N`P \|qss= [lLi[Lki LjiFLRiVsV xqssV
LjiLiy=LijgS RLSxqssLi G{ms xmsVy*s A[bPLiLij.
DsVT \|N][LRiV xmsys yRVsVWLji zqsqs NRP [
}qss gRiVFy, zqszqs zms.s.xqsLiVNRPVsWLì][ NRPWTs RLS
xqssLi C yLi\|ms VRyLRiLi sVL][ryLji syLRi P[xms
Lij. ALRiVgRiVLRiV FsLRiRLiRsLi NRPWd sVXR[NRPV xqsLi
LijLis LkiFqssWLRiLi ss[jNRPsV {qs NRPsLì[ G{ms @R
sxmso @R*ZNP[ sLRi RsWFy bdPsyqs \|N][LRiV RLS
xqsysNTP @LiRP[aSLRiV. @LiVV[ gRiR FqssWLRiLi FnlLis=N`P \|qs
s= [lLi[Lki ss[jNRPsV @LiRP[RW=LijgS A[bPxqsW R
LSxqssLi RRVxmsLji syLRisV aRPVNRPyLSsNTP yLiVVy s[zqsLi
j. ZaP[uyRLi @Rso[ Cs 7s Ljigjis FssN_LiLì[
20sVLij FsLRiRLiRsLi NRPWdV sVXLiyLRiV. C FssN_Li
Lì\|ms {qsdH][ RLSxmso P[LiVVLiys N][LRiVRW FLRixNRPV
xqsLixmnsVLi s[R RLiRZaP[Lì \|N][LRiVsV AaRPLiVVLis s
xtsQRVLi sjRs[V. sVVLiRVgS Rs aRPLRi aRPbPNRPVsWLì sVXR[
sNTP LkiFqssWLRiLi LjizmsLiys N][LRiVRW sVVs @sW

\|N][LRiVsV AaRPLiVVLiyLRiV. sVyqs \|N][LRiV A[aS s[V
LRiNRPV RsV LRi sVXR[NRPV NRPWy aRPbPNRPVsWLì sVXR[
xLi][ FyV LkiFqssWLRiLi LjizmsLiys N][LRiVRW sVL][
HRVgRiVLRiV sVXRV LRiV \|N][LRiVsV AaRPLiVVLiyLRiV. kLi
][ aRPbPNRPVsWLì][ FyV sVVLRiVgRis, sVWLji, sV}LiRs,
| m sLR i V s W, s VV s Vry*sV
sVXR[NRPV NRPWy FqssW
LRiLi sLRi*zLiy=LijgS ALi
Rxms[a`P xmsVy*s A[bPLi
Lij. aRPysV RxmsLjis
LRiVsysV\[s[ sVXR[
NRPV sVL][ryLji aRPsxmsLkiORPQV
sLRi*zLiRszqsLijgS \|R
LS`[s DrysRW \sR
NRPaS zmss=FyNTP \|N][LRiV
A[aSV Lki P[zqsLij. C s[VLRi
NRPV DrysRW \sR XLiRLi
LRiVsysV\[ Lki FqssWLRiLi sLRi*zLiLij. Dry
sRW \sR NRPaS \sR XLiRLi {qsNRPsLì[ @LiRP[zqss
FqssWLRiLi ss[jNRPsV @Rsxmso G bdPsyqs \|N][LRiV
RLSxqsysNTP @LiRP[aSLRiV.
>essY de#s $Twqs u{
sT ~s H{dT C #keT
V#]
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : N][LRiV A[aSsV @sVV
P[RVRLi[ sxmns\sVs LigS LSxtsQ gRisV aS @jNS
LRiV\|ms \|N][LRiV AgRixLi
s NRPLi P[zqsLij. DsVT
\ | N][ L R i V yR V s VW
LRiVV zqsqs jdms .[
qs[, zqsqs Fs.LSsVLi
lgi[aRP*LRi LSso][ NRPWTs
RLSxqssLi C yLi
\|ms VRyLRiLi sVL][ry
Lji syLRi P[xmsLij.
sVxWsgRiLì
R LRiWLì sVLiRLi sV
yxmspLì gSsVLi[ sW
sVLi, aSxqss xqsV
LSV T.ZNP.@LRiV NRPVsWlLi T.ZNP.zqsgSlLiT RsNRPV ZNP[ LiVVLi
s WsVNRPLi[ FsNRPVs s{qsLRiLi[ @NRPsV gRisV Rs*
NSNRPV FyRVRVsLiRV s AsVNRPV uNS [xqsV
Lki P[RWs \|N][LRiV A[bPLiLij. AsVNRPV ZNP[LiVVLi
s s{qsLRiLi sVxms NRPW y gRisV Rs*NSNRPV FyRV

RVsLiRV s RxmsLRi\sV s RLRiLiRVNRPV dxqsVN][LS][,
\sVsLigì d FsLiRVNRPV LRiRV P[RVLS][ ssLRi By*
LiW uNS [ x q sV Lk i P[ R V s Vs R LSx q s s Li
\sVsLigì aSsV A[bPLiLij. gRiRLi[ A[bPLisV zqsgS
lLiTNTP uNS [xqsVV LkiP[aSLS ? @LiW RLSxqssLi xmsVR* yRVyjs xmsbPLiLij. [qs Lki P[RV[Rs
xmsVR* yRVyj VxmsRLi][ gRisV aS @jNSLRiVV
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@sVV P[RVRLi[ sxmnssVsoRVy LRiLiW RLSxqssLi
sVLiTxmsTLij. gRisV aS \lLiNRPLì R slLi[NRPLigS ssx
LjixqsVyLRis, N][LRiV jNSLRi [qs Lki P[RW= DLiVLi
Rs RLSxqssLi |RLjiLiLij.
@NRPsV \sVsLigìNRPV FyTsLiRVNRPV LRiW. 32 N][V
LjisWy Lixmso ssLRiLi[ xmsyj xmsVR*Li
sVLi }qs DRLRiV*V F~LiyLRis, gRisV dsV LRiRV P[}qsLi
RVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLiVsV xmsVR*
yRVyj N][LRiVNRPV sssLiyLRiV.
N][LRiV DRLRiV*sV FsLiRVNRPV @sVV P[RV[NRP FRW
L][? NSLRiV ssLjixqsW xmssW xmsys yV P[RW
s gRisV aS \lLiNRPLìsV \|N][LRiV A[bPLiLij. RRVxmsLji
syLRisV Cs 29s [kNTP yLiVVy s[zqsLij.
&|fwq d+eT Vd
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: ALiRxms[a`P LSxtsQLi
[s xqsLiZOP[QsV xqs= lLigRiWLì ylLisV [NRP sy
LRiVV NRPuyV FsRVL]LiVyLRiV. lLigRiWLì ylLisV
[NRPFsRLi][ Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms N]LiRLRiV RLRisV
ylLisVgS xmsVR*Li sRVsVrLij. yLRiV syLRiV
NRPV NRPLiy=s rNRPLS\|ms NSNRPVLiy, yLjiNTP FsLiR
s[VLRiNRPV sVgRiV][LiRs[ RWxqsVNRPVLiVyLRiV, Rxms
syLRiV gRiVLjiLi xmsLiRVN][sRLi [RV. \|msgS s
yLRiVNRPV xqsW[ RRVso Fy=s RLRiV T
xmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS LSsysNTP FsNRPVs AxqsNTP
RWxmsoRVyLRiV. AxqsNTP RWxmsRs[V NSRV @sxqsLRiLi @
LiVV[ zqss LSNUPRV yRVNRPV][ \|msLRids P[LiVVLi
RVNRPVs Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS sxqsVyLRiV. Txmsp
[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS sxqsVs yLRiV @s aS[sW
DyLRiV. ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsVLi, gjiLjis xqsLiZOP[QsVLi][
FyV d{qs xqsLiZOP[QsV aS xqs=[sW Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms
N]srygRiVRVs ylLisV DyLRiV. gRiR N]s xqsLis
R=LSVgS Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms N]srygRiVRVs xqs
ylLisV LSxtsQ yxmsLigS y sVLi[ DyLRiV.
ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsVLi[ 170 sVLij
LSxtsQLi[ ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsV xqs= 1450
xqs= DyLiVV. ds[ xqsVsWLRiV 1.20 ORPQ sVLij
syLRiVV DLiVyLRiV. 1450 xqs=[ 170NTP \|ms
gS xqs=NRPV ylLisV Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms xmssP[xqsVyLRiV.
yLRiV ssR FyLiy[ RLRiVgS DLiy=s yLRiV T
xmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS N]srygRiVRVyLRiV. BNRP gjiLji
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : BLRiV LSuy xmsys xqssWyLRi NRPsVxtsQsLì

s` x}qs=s VRyLRiLi LSss[ gRisLRiLì CFsqsFs sLji=LixssV
NRPaSLRiV. gRisLRiLìsV NRPzqss yLji[ xqssWyLRi NRPsVxtsQsLRiV sVV, slLi
sLiNRP[aRP*LRiV, xmsNRPLìlLiT, LRiRs, yLiRW NRPVsWLji RjRLRiVV DyLRiV.
ALiRxms[a`P xqsyRVLi[ VRyLRiLi G{ms ZNP[s xqssWs[aRPLi

@sLiRLRiLi RVNTP sxqsVs sVLiRVV...
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : yVryLS sxqsX\|ms DNRPV
FyRLi sWFys ALki aS sLRiLiVVLiLij. LigS
LSxtsLi[ sVVRLi sVRLi sNRPRW[ 40aSRLi ysV
yVryLS r~LiRLi P[xqsVNRPVs xm FysV, xmsVR*
AyRWs xLjiLi s[rLiRs FsZNP^= aS NRPsLRixms
RV][Lij. C s[xmsRLi[ ygS sVVsVLi @RORPQRs
Ljigjis NRPNRPLRi xqsRxqsV=[sW B[ @LiaRPLi dsLigS RLRiNRPV
sLij. sVVsVLi yVryLS\|ms ALi][s sNRPLi
P[aSLRiV. Fs\lgiy C sVxsWLji NRPTNTP FyVxmsysVs
ARVs NRPNRPLRiNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. BLiRV[ @s sLSV
gRiry*sVLi NSys N][LSLRiV. kLi][ FsZNP^= aS sWRs
NRPsVxtsQsLìgS RRV P[xmss ALki* RLiRsRs RLRiNRPV
DxmsNRPsVLiyLRiV. BLiR NUPNRP @LiaSs RLjiLi RLRiV
dxqsVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV rsVyLRiLi @jNSLRiV][ [ @RWLRiV.
sLRiLigRi, sLiR, sVLi [ GLRiV\ FyLRiVRVs
yVryLS NRPTNTP @sLiLiy=s RLRisV RLjiLiyLRiV.
LSxtsLi[s 8s[ gjiLjis gSsW[ B][ NRPVLRi xmsLjiaRPsVgS
sLjiV][Lij. @sjNSLjiNRPLigS rylgi[ sNRPRWy*LS LRiW.
4s[ N][ AyRVLi N][[RVysVs xmsVR*Li INRP
@LiRyNRPV sLij. LSxtsLi[ sVRLi sNRPRW[ @RjNRP
gRiLi dms NRPLì sNRPRW[ DLiVyLiVV. Bs GyjNTP
40ORPQ |ms @sVNSV @soRVyRVs gRiR @sVNS
y*LS LRiVsso][Lij. dsRLRi NRPV LRiW. 55sVLi
60sLRiNRPV DLij. @LiVV[ gSdsV FyLiy[ C RLRi FsNRPVs
s xqsLiZOP[QsV xqs=[ xqsVsWLRiV 1100 sLRiNRPV Dy

LiVV. y[ xqsVsWLRiVgS 80000 sVLij syLRiVV
DLiVyLRiV. ds[ xqsVsWLRiV 200\|msgS xqs=NRPV
ylLisV Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms xmssP[xqsVyLRiV. BNRP d{qs N]
[xqsLi LSxtsQLi[ 893 xqsLiZOP[QsV xqs= DyLiVV. y
[ xqsVsWLRiV 300\|msgS xqs=[ ylLisV Txmsp[xtsQ
s\|mss[ N]srygRiVRVyLRiV. LSxtsQLi[s Fs{qs=, Fs{qs, d{qs
xqsLiZOP[QsV xqs=[ NRPVxmsoNRPVLi[ xqsVsWLRiV 670 sVLi
j RLRiV Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS xmssP[xqsVyLRiV.
dsLRiV NSNRPVLiy sVLjiN]LiR sVLij RLRiV FssV[V,
sVLiRVV RgRiLRi Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms N]srygRiVRVyLRiV.
B RLRiV Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms s[ ARW xqsW[ s
yLRiVNRPV RRVso }ms yLRiV [NRP, DdLRiy aSRLi
RgRiV][LiRs[ AL][xmsV DyLiVV.
ylLis FxqsV N][xqsLi \|msLRidsV
RLRiVgS Ds yLRiV ylLisVgS LSsysNTP Fs
NRPVs Dy=xLi RWxmsoRVs xmsLjizqsRVV Gzms[ NRPs
zmsxqsVyLiVV. ylLisVgS N]srygji[ AyRVLi DLi
VLiRs[ ss][s[ FsNRPVs sVLij Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms
ylLisVgS LSys N][LRiVNRPVLiVsV VrLij.
ylLisVgS LSysVNRPVs[ yLRiV @sxqsLRiLi @LiVV[ R
sVNRPV zqss LSNUPRV yRVNRPV][sW \|msLRidsV P
[LiVVLiRVNRPVs sVLji Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS sxqsVy
LRiV. LSxtsQLi[s ylLisVgS LSyLi[ yLjiNTP dCU
][ FyV G\y Tgki DLiy. @ DLi[ yLRiV Gzms
zmsFsqszqs sLRi*zLis xmsLkiORPQ[ DdLRiR ryjLis
HTks| deTs+
& nu XK #s\T dMT \ sj\T
NSsRLi, LRiW. 10ZNP[ 100 sVd dLRi yVryLS ]LRiNRPRLi

][ gSdsVVV yNTP ANRPLji+RVsoRVyLRiV. kLi][ NTPNRPV
FsNRPVsgS srLiRs, RsNRPgS rLiRs[ NSLRi][
sNRPRWV LkigS |msLjigSRVs @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV.
C [s[ yV ryLS...
LSxtsyxmsLigS 10 [ yVryLS sNRPRW
x[LRiV sRVrLij. @LiVV[ BLiRV[ xmsysLigS sLRiLigRi,
sVLi, sLiR, sVxWsgRiLì, LRiLigSlLiT [ @R
jNRP yVryLS sNRPRWV LRiVgRiVRVsV [Lij. [bdPy
LRiV sVRLi sNRPRWV ssW`, Aj` [
LkigS rygRiVRVyRVs Bs[ s\Lij. LSxtsLi[ dms
NRPLì LRiW 60NTP rLiRgS, xqsLjixRV [ [bdPyLRiV
sVRLi LRiW. 30ZNP[ rLij. kLi][ xqsLjixRV [
[bdPyLRiV sVRLi, sVgRiy [ yVryLS sNRPRWV
[LRiVgS LRiVgRiVRVyLiVV. BNRP NRPd NRPV sxtsQRVLi[ sVRN`P,
sVxWsgRiLì, NRPLkiLisgRiLì, LRiLigSlLiT, ssW`V
RsV xysV N]srygjixqsVyLiVV. gRiR rsVyLRiLi y

xqssWs[aRPLi[ Txmso NRPsVxtsQs LRiV, @zqs|qsLi NRPsVxtsQsLRiV,
FsZNP^= xqsWxmsLjiLiLiLiV, @Rs xmso NRPsVxtsQsLì xmsry`
RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV. yVryLS, xmssV LiRs sV
RLi NRPT P[}qsLiRVNRPV 16 xqsLjixRV N` FxqsV][ FyV, 4
@LiRLRiR N`PFxqsVsV xmshjixtsQLi P[RW s NRPsVxtsQsLì
A[bPLiyLRiV. xq`s FnLì=sV [}msRLi P[zqs lLissW,
Fdqs aS][ xqssVs*RVLi P[xqsVNRPVs BLis= ssxqs
xqsxNSLRiLi[ LSxtsLi[NTP sP[ @NRPsV sVys yV
ryLSsV NRPLi[ P[RWs slLi[bPLiyLRiV. sVys sVLjiLiR
@LiRVV[NTP P[LiRVNRPV BxmsVRVs 17 HFsLiFsmnsFs
TFNRPV @RsLigS sVL][ 5 TFsV FyLRiLi Liys
sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV. xmsysLigS yVryLS][ NRPlgi[ sVVxmsVsV,
rysWNRP xqssVxqssV xmsNRPV ssLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV \Rs
NSLRiNRPsWsV P[xmss NRPsVxtsQsLì sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV.
gjiLjis, sWLRiVsVW FyLiy[ C \Rs NSLRiNRPsWsV
RLRiVyR yLjis xqs ylLis A{mnsxqsLìgS sRWsV

NRPLi P[xmsRyLRiV. A NSNRPVLiy 12 xqsLisR=LS NTPRLi
gjiLjis gRiVLRiVNRPV[ xmssP[}qs yLjiNTP jdVDLiRso
NS yLjis ylLisVgS sRVsVLiRVN][sysNTP dsV
gS xmsVR*Li INRP [ dxqsVN]Lij. A [ AyLRiLi
gS gjiLjis gRiVLRiVNRPV[ xmssP[}qs RLRiV GzmszmsFsqs{qs
xmsLkiORPQ [NRPVLiys[ Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS N]srygRi
ysNTP @sNSaRPLi GLRiTLij. kLi][ FsNRPVs sVLij T
xmsp[xtsQs][ ylLisVgS LSys RWxqsVyLRiV.
sLiRs @NRPsV
xmsVR* DRLRiV* xmsNSLRiLi Txmsp[xtsQs sRW
sVNSV ZNP[sLi 20 sWRs[V P[RWs DLij. @
NSNRPVLiy [s Txmsp \LRiNRPLRiV 20 aSRLi NRPLi[
FsNRPVsgSs[ P[xmsRVRVyLRiV. gjiLjis gRiVLRiVNRPVV
NSNRPVLiy xmsLiyLiVVdLS RLRiNRPV NRPWy BLi[
[ 10 xqsLisR=LS NTPRLi sLij. kLi][ xmsLiy
LiVVdLS[ xmssP[xqsVs RLRiV NRPWy ylLisVgS T
xmsp[xtsQs\|ms LSsysNTP AxqsNTP RWxmsoRVyLRiV. B
xmsxqsVRLi lLigRiWLì ylLisV NSNRPVLiy Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms
ylLisVgS sxqsVyLRiV. Txmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLisVgS sP[
yLRiV syLRiVNRPV xqsNRPsVLigS rNRPLSsV RWxms
RLi [Rs[AL][xmsV DyLiVV. yLRiV lLigRiWLì
ylLisV NSRV NS yLRiV syLRiVsV xqsLjigS xmsLi
RVN][sRLi [RV. xmsVR*Li T xmsp[xtsQs\|ms ylLis
sRWsVNRPLi NSNRPVLiy lLigRiWLì ylLissV sRVsV}qs
gRiVLiVLiRs syLji xqsLixmnsWV N][LRiVRVyLiVV.
sxqsXRLi P[RWs sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV. xms[xms[ xmsV[yLji\|ms

{msU RWNRPV ZNP[xqsVsV ssWRV P[RWs sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV.
sVR s}tsQR RV...
LRiR LSLigRiLi[s ALjiNRP 47 xmsNSLRiLi \sR
xmsWyNRPV RFy AL][gSsNTP s NRPgjiLiP[ @s LRiNS
sVRV FydsRW }qssys s}tsQjLiP[ @jNSLRiLi LSxtsyNRPV
sLjiLixms[aSLRiV. @LiVV[ C @jNSLSs N]s LSxtsyV
FyxqsVLiRgS sVLjiN]s LSxtsyV rysNTP ssLRiV R,
AyRVLi, ryLixmsyRVLi sLi @LiaS][ s}tsQys
xmsNRPNRPV |msLiVV. @LiVV[ ALiRxms[a`P DsVT LSxtsLi[
sVR s}tsQR RLic1937sV 1969 @N][Lì 30 sLRiNRPV
N]srygjiLiyLRiV. ssLiLì1sVLiT s}tsQys Fss[aSLRiV.
RRVxmsLji 1993 @N][LRiV ssVLiT sVVRLi LSxtsLi[
sVRFys sx}tsQys sLjiLixms[aSLRiV. @[ xqssVRVLi[ @xms sLRiNRPW N]srygjiLis xmsVR* ryLSLiVV(yLRiV
yzds) xmsRNSs NRPWy xmspLjigS s}tsjLiyLRiV. RRVxmsLji
1995 ssLji 16sVLi xmspLji s}tsQys LSxtsLi[
N]srygjiLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ @NRPsWV s[xmsRLi[ xmsosM xqsdsVORPQ
P[zqsls xmsVy*V Gzms 1997sVLi s}tsQys Fss[aSLRiV.
@LiVV[ ryLSsV sWRLi @sVsVLiR[RV. yVryLSsV
@LjiNRP[LiRVNRPV yL][N`P Rgì= @Li` \|qsN][ [zmsN`P xqsrys=qs
RLic1986sV @sVV[NTP yLRiV. ksy*LS lLiLi[
\V bPORPQ][FyV {msU RWNRPV ZNP[xqsVsV NRPWy ssWRV P[}qs
dsV NRPgjiLij.
R FyNRPV sLSLi\|ms 2 yLS[ ss[jNRP xqssVLjiLiy

s NRPNRPLìsV dRV sWssxNRPV NRPsVxtsQs
xqsVRV zqsqs T sVVLRiVlgi[aRPs A[bPLiyLRiV. RsV gSsVLi
sVR[ \|R FyNRPV sLSs sVxmsoR P[RWs
@LjixqsW gSsWsNTP Lijs 50 sVLij Bs zmsxtsQs
sV yRVsVWLji syLjiLiyLRiV. G{ms Dxms sVVsVLi
ZNP[B NRPXxtsQsVWLji, sW sVLi GLSxqsV xmsymslLiT LiRV
soNRPV C FyNRPV[ gRiry*sVLi DLiRs, @LiRVs
@jNSLRiVV xmsLiRVN][sRLi [Rs RsV zmsxtsQ[ yLRiV
usus\qT *|q $TwH

sTsTgS DLiVs RLixmsRVsV dRV sWss
xNRPV NRPsVxtsQs NRPzmsLij. @sLiRxmsoLRiLi rsVLiR
xms sVLiRsNTP Lijs RLixmsRVV sW xqsL][sV, bPs
aRPLiNRPLì N]jNSLigS RWLRiLigS DLiVyLRiV. kLi][ AsV
sWss xNRPV NRPsVxtsQssV AaRPLiVVLiLij. LRi sRNRPV xmsLi
zmsLiys N][LRiVRW zmsxtsQs yV P[aSLRiV. C sxtsQRVLi
[ NRPsVxtsQs xqsVRV zqsqs [xqsmnszmnsLRis VRyLRiLi sy
LRi LjiFyLRiV. kLi][ syLRiNRPV \lLis RLixmsRVV sW
xqsL][sV, bPsaRPLiNRPLì NRPzqs DLiRysNTP @LigkiNRPLjiLiyLRiV.
yRVsVWLjiNTP ss[jLiyLRiV. gSsV xmsLiyRVd @sVsV
[NRPVLiys[ sLSLi N]srygjixqsVyLRis, xmsLiyRV xqs
LRiLiRV, xqsV xqsLiRNSsV FnLRiLki P[zqs ]LigRi LjiNSLRiVV
xqsXztsQLiyLRis ss[jLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS C FyNRPVNRPV
xqsLiLijLis xmspLji LjiNSLRiVsV 2 yLS[ xqssVLjiLiy
s NRPNRPLìsV yRVsVWLji A[bPLiyLRiV. sVWRV L][
zLRiLigRi syLRi[ gRiLigS zqsqs T sVVLRiVlgi[aRPs,
zqsqs [xqsmns zqsLjiRVN`P, Fsszqs zqs>y RLSxqsyV 61 zmsxtsQ
ssV syLjiLiyLiVV.
VC j\ d+
kB $eq+ q&|+#+&
|\RLS`, ALiRmx s : x RWRNRPV s[
VgRiV LSuy RWNRPV N][ xqsLi rk GLiVVLì\s=
ssWyV xmsosLRiVRLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV ]LRis dxqsVN][y
s GH{qs{qs @RORPVLSV rsRWgSLikNTP LigS
aSxqss sVLiR[ xmsxmsORPQ s[R xtsQdLì @d szms
P[aSLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV rsRW gSLikNTP VRyLRiLi I
NRP ss xmsRLi xqssVLjiLiyLRiV. C [sV xmsLjibdPLi
s[bdP ssLS sVLi xqsVxtsQ xqs*LS FLRi
ssWsRWs aS sVLi @a][N`P gRixmsLS xqsLixmsjLiy=LijgS AsV
A[bPLiyLRiV.
\+>D s>
&md H{|wH y*
\|RLS`, ALiRxms : LigS [
sLis[ UFs{qs= [zmnsZNP[xtsQs sRVR P[ RWs
\sFsqsALì NSLilgiqs FyLki LigS @RORPVRV
F~LigRiV[ bdPsyxqs lLiT TsWLi ` P[aSLRiV. C
s[VLRiNRPV ARVs syaS sVLi NRPTRVLi bdPxLjiNTP
[ LSaSLRiV. LigS GLRiT 9 sV gRiRVxqsV
y, xmsVR*Li sW RLi UFs{qs= [zmnsZNP[xtsQs INRPry
Lji, Bxms[ ryRLi NSRs sVL][ryLji xmsNRPLiLiR
s }msL]yLRiV. kLi][ sVW[VgS UFs{qs= xmsLkiORPQ
N][xqsLi LSLisV RRVsoRW, N][Ligì dxqsVNRPVLiVs sLRiV][gRiVV ds
ALi][sNRPV gRiVLRisoRVyLRiyLRiV. RLRi lLi[xtsQs\[xtsQs][ xqsLiLiRLi [NRPVLiy
sLis[ UFs{qs= [zmnsZNP[xtss sRVR P[RWs, syxNRPV Rs xmsNSgS
@sVV P[RWs, xmsVR* FyhRiaS[ syLRiV xqsLisV |msLiP[ sRLigS
sNRP xqsRVFyRWV NRPLiys N][LSLRiV. RLì= LjiNRPWsVLi [LRiV GLS
V P[zqs NSLiRLì BRVLì xmsNSLRiLi DFy yRVV sRWsVNRPLi LRiFys, d
gS Ds UCJ, FsLiCJ, Txmsp CJ FxqsVsV Lki P[RWyLRiV.
eTsk] #s\T $|\+
6 qT+ d dyT
[Lì NRPsVxtsQsLì][ RLRi[ Fys ALki{qs NSLjiNRP xqsLixmnsVLi s[RV

\|RLS`, ALiRxms: [Lì NRPsVxtsQsLì][ ALki{qs NSLjiNRP xqsLixmnsVLi s[RV
Ljizmss RLRiV sxmnssVRWLiVV. xmsVR* D][gRiV][ xqssWsLigS 43aSRLi
zmnssVLiV B y*s NSLjiNRPV TsWLiRVsV ALki{qs RWsWsLi NRPWy
@LigkiNRPLjiLiRs sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. ygS VRyLRiLi [Lì NRPsVxtsQQsLì][
FsLiFyLiVVqs RVWsRVs, LigS sVLì RVWsRVs yRVNRPVV Ljizmss
RLRiW sxmnssV RWLiVV. kLi][ sP[s 6sVLi xqssV P[rysVs xmsNRPLi
yLRiV. BLiRVN][xqsLi Cs 24sVLi xqsyNRP RWRsV sLRi*zrysVs RLRi
V sxmns\sVs @sLiRLRiLi dsVTRW][ sWRVRW FyLRiV. s[Ry xqssLRi,
ALki{qs ss sLis[ P[xmsLiW Cs 2s Fs{msFsqsALki{qs FsLiFyLiVWqs
RVWsRVs, LigS sVLì RVWsRVs yRVNRPVV Bs xqssV [qs\|ms
[Lì NRPsVxtsQsLì RLRiV sxmnsLi NSsRLi][ FsLiRVW, CRVW xqsLixmnsW
s[RsV FsLiU ryLibPsLSso A*sLiyLRiV. BNRPR NRPWy sxmnsLi NSsRLi][
VRyLRiLi [Lì NRPsVxtsQsLì][ NSLjiNRP xqsLixmnsVLi s[RV ZNP.xmsyNRPLì, B.@aRP*ysV
lLiT RjRLRiVV RLRiV LjiFyLRiV. ALki{qs NSLjiNRP s[RV sWRVRW ALiy,
LigS[ xmss P[xqsVs OSQ 20s[ sVLij D][gRiVNRPV Gzms 1, 2013 sVLi
s[Ry xqssLRi LRigS= DLiRyLRiV. lLiLiRV LSuy[ xmsVR* D][gRiVNRPV
zmnssVLiV xmsNRPLi s[Ry xqssLRi P[xmssLiRVs ALki{qs D][gRiVNRPV NRPWy
@[ ryLiVV[ s[RyV |msLiy=Li[ @yLRiV. Fsds[][ xqssWsLigS ALki{qs
D][gRiVNRPV 43aSRLi zmnssVLiV BP[LiRVNRPV lLiLiRV xmsVy*V xqsRVLi
P[RWyLRiV. sP[s 6 sVLi xqssVNRPV jgRiVysVs, C xqssVNRPV xmspLji RR
ALki{qs RWsWss[V szLiyyLRiV. @s TFV, sLRiVuyxmso sR xqssV
xqsyxNRP RWRV sLRi*zLi xqssVNRPV NSLjiNRPVsV xqssRLi P[xqsVysVs
FyLRiV. ALiR FssFsLiRVW yRVNRPVV A Lki{qs[ }ms }qsVsV sVxmsoR P[zqs
FssNRPV LRiFys TsWLiRVsV sLRisVLiRVN]s BRVV, FsLiRVV P[xmsRVRVs
xqssVNRPV sVRRV xmsNSs yLRiV N][LSLRiV. ALki{qs NSLjiNRPV xmsWy N][xqsLi
BRVV, FsLiRVV P[xms[RVs sLRisjNRP xqssVNRPV ALki{qs[ Ds @s NSLjiNRP
xqsLixmnsWV sVRRV By*s szms P[aSLRiV. C RLRi[ G{ms @zqs|qsLiV [Lì
NRPsVxtsQsLì xqsWLRixmsry`, ALki{qs CU Fs.sLiNRP[aRP*LRiLSso, {qs{msFsLi s[V, BRVV,
FsLiRVV yRVNRPVV ZNP.xmsyNRPLì, @aRP* ysVlLiT, Fsqs. V, s.LRiVxms,
xmsZaP ysWRLRiLSso, .s.lLiT, ysVqs lLiT, LSlLiT, LS[LiR xmsry`,
sWLRiRV, xsLiRLSso FyyLRiV.
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msTTsYH de\T
eTT& dsTqT n+<Ck+ u>TZ ds|s, d_&| $<TY

jTTe b~ \q n #s\T |]XeT\T
eT|&+& #s\T b]X$T y\
dVseT+~k+: _ n~sT\ dm+ dsY VMT
dxqsVN][ys zqsLigRilLi[ @jNSLRiVsV {qsFsLi @NRPTNRPNRP[ A[bPLiyLRiV.

@[sRLigS LSxtsQLi[ Fsjgjis RVWNRPxmsqs sV FnyNRPLkiNTP RLRiLiys
xqsLiLijR aS @jNSLRiVsV A[bPLiyLRiV. sxtsQRV @sxqsLSNRPV @sVgRiVLigS
@dsaS LjiLRiV* WsVV[ RVWNRPxmsqs sVVNRPsV sLjisgS |msLiys
A[bPLiyLRiV. LSsVs L][[ sLiRNRPV sLiR aSRLi sVVT xqsLRiVNRPV LigS sVLiP[
@Li[sRLigS xmsRVyV P[rysVs sVVsVLi dsV ByLRiV. sRV`
xqsLRixmnsLS[ NRPWy FsLi @LiRLSRVLi [NRPVLiy, xqs=U sRV`
@LijrysVyLRiV.
xqs=U LSs NRPWy xmsVR*s[V LjixqsVLiRyLRiV. C sVWRV @LiaSNRPV
xqsLiLijLi [V Lki P[RWs @jNSLRiVsV {qsFsLi A[bPLiyLRiV. gRiVLRiVyLRiLi
sVL][ryLji @jNSLRiVV xqssWs[aRP\sV FnyNRPLki xmsosLRiVRLRi sxtsQRVLi[ @sxqsLRi\sVs
@jNSLjiNRP NSLRiNRPsWV, NSLSRLRi LRiWF~LijLiys A[bPLiyLRiV. NSLjiNRPV
NRPVVLiV L][RVs xmsRNRPVLiy ARVN][sRs[V xmsVR* ORPQsVs, C sxtsQRVLi[
\|mss[ RWsWyV NRPWy xqsxNRPLjiLiys {qsFsLi N][LSLRiV. FyLjiaSsVNRP
s[RNRPV xmsVR*Li sVLi GLi xqsxNSLRiLi NSyy @LijrysVs,
rysNRPVNRPV DFyj, D][gRi @sNSaSV NRPLiP[ sxtsQRVLi[ ssNTPF[Vj [Rs
sVVsVLi ZNP[{qsALì xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.
|RLS`, ALiRxms : sLRiLigRi [s NRPsVxmspLì[ sVWRxmsTs

xmspLì BLiR{qs sV`(lLi[RWs= FnyNRPLki)sV sVd LjizmsLiP[LiRVNRPV
@sxqsLRi\sVs @s RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVs sVVsVLi NRP*NRPVLi
RLiRZaP[LìLSso xmsNRPLiyLRiV. FnyNRPLkis LjizmsLi NSLjiNRPVsV
NSFyRVNRPVLisVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. LigS LSxtsQLi[ N]R xmsLjiaRPsVV
LSys, BNRPT RVVsRNRPV DFyj NRPLiP[LiRVNRPV xmsVR*Li xmsV RLRiV
dxqsVNRPVLiVs s[xmsRLi[ FyR xmsLjiaRPsVV sVWRxmsRNRPVLiy RWxqsVNRPVLisVs
{qsFsLi @yLRiV. {qsC[ @sWms NRPy=, dmns sLRi s[Vs[Lì
ALì.xLjixLRiV sVVsVLi ZNP[{qsALì][ xqsyRVLi[ VRyLRiLi
xqssWs[aRPsVRWLRiV.
Dxms sVVsVLi NRPTRVLi bdPxLji, gjiLjis xqsLiZOP[QsV aS sVLi @LS
RLiRW, FyLRisVLi xqsVV {qsyLSLiyRVN`P, gRiLjiNRPFy sWxsLSso,
xmsLjiaRPsVaS NSLRiRLji+ @LRisLi`NRPVsWLì,

FsqsHH{qs FsLiU [VtsQLRiLis RjRLRiVV NRPWy C xqssWs[aRPLi[ FyyLRiV.
yyxmso 35GVgS sRVrs
xmsLjiaRPsV [Vyj NSLigS sVWRxmsRRLi s
sLiRj sVLij NSLjiNRPVV, s[j sVLij NSLjiNRPV NRPVVLi xqsVV L][RVs
xmsyLRis, xmsL][ORPQLigS DFyj F~LiRVRVs yLjiNTP NRPWy NRPuyV syRVs C
xqsLiRLRiLigS {qsFsLi ZNP[{qsALìNRPV ssLjiLiyLRiV. sVVsVLi xqsLijxqsW FnyNRPLkis xmsosLRiVRLjiLiyLi[ xmsVR*Li sVLi G sR\sVs xqsRVLi NSysV
NRPVLiVyLRis @RVgRigS.."FnyNRPLkis sT}msLiRVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs sVVT xqsLRiVNRPV
(RVWNRPxmsqs V) FsNRPVsgS NSys, zqsLigRilLi[ xqsLixqs sVLi gRiV xqsLRixmnsLS
P[RWs, xqs=U][ NRPWTs sRV` By*' @s N][LSLRiV. C sVWRV @LiaSNRPV
xqsLiLijLi xmsVR*Li sVLi xqsxNSLRiLi }qs FnyNRPLkis Ljigji sTzmsrysVs
@jNSLRiVV FyLRiV.
BLiRVNRPV sVVsVLi xqsLijxqsW xmsVR* xqsxNSLRiLi RxmsNRPVLiy
DLiVLiRs dsV ByLRiV. sVLi sVVgRiWLRiV sVLi xmsd s 12s[
sVN`P sV gRiVsV FnyNRPLkiNTP xqsLRixmnsLS P[rysVyLRiV. Cs[VLRiNRPV RLRiV
{&|q| u >
|
@sT: eT+ HsTT
n+<s+ *dH n_e~
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: VgRiV[aRPLi

sVVsWNUP ALi][ FyLki @s, A FyLki gRiLiRV
NSys N][LRiVN][s RLi[ FsVsLi RxmsV[Rs
x[Li sVLi yLiVVs sLji=LilLiT @yLRiV.
R*LRi[s[ FsLiHFsLi FyLkiNTP Li js sVLji
NSLRiNRPLRiW RsV FyLki[ P[LRisVsV s[NRPLRiV][
yLiVVs FyLRiV. sVVsVLi\|ms Ds ssVNRPLi,
ARVs P[xmsRVRVs xqsLiZOP[QsV xmsRNS[ xmssV ALìFsqs FyLki \sxmso
sTzmsxqsVyRVs @yLRiV. LSNUPRV FyLki[ G INRPLRiW Bxms sLRiNRPV FssNRP
s[Vs|mnsrsV sLiRaSRLi @sVV P[RV[Rs, RsV sVVsVLi sWRLi Fss
NRP xqsLiRLRiLigS Bs dsVs[ NSNRPVLiy FssNRP[ Bs*s NRPOTPQ,
LRiW.1000 zmsLiRs sLi xmsRNSsV NRPWy @sVV P[xqsVyLRis kLi][ @s
sLS xmsdsNRPLi RsV FyLki \sxmso sRVxqsVyLRis yLiVVs ssLjiLiyLRiV. sVVLi
gS lgi[Lì[ LjiNSLRiV ryLiVV[ xqsR*Li ssW\LiRyLRiV. [aRPLi[s[ sVV
sVVR ryLjigS Fdqs }qsxtsQs sLRi*xNRPV sRVsV sVLiLRiV P[zqss xmnsVsR NRPWy RsV xmsVy*sZNP[ RNRPVRVLiRyLRiV. 24s {mssLkiNTP Lki GLSV
P[xqsVsV FyLRiV. { mssLki, zLRiLigRi xqs xqsLiRLRiLigS LSys \|RLS`sV
gRiVdsVRVLigS P[xqsVysVyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ {mssLki[ xmss[aRP|ms[ dLSy
gRiVLjiLi NRPxqsLRiRV xmspLRiLiVVLiRyLRiV. {mssLki s[jNRP y*LS LiR\sVs
dLSysV xmss[aRP|ms[RVysVyLRiV. \|RLS`[ RLjiR[
sF[V sRLigS {mssLki, zLRiLigRi xqsVLiRVyLRiV.
sq =+&sT ns\ yTq +<|u e
zmssVgSs[ N]LiRWLRiV LRidsLiRLìLSso

VRyLRisVNRPR sVVsVLi NRP*NRPVLi
RLiRZaP[Lì LSso, sVLi NRP*NRPVLi yLRiNRP
LSsWLSso xqssVORPQLi[ ALìFsqs FyLki
dLRiLi xmsoRVNRPVyLRiV. LRidsLiRLìLSso][
FyV \sqs \PLRis sWxslLiT, FyRsVNRP
xqsxNSLRi ZNP[Liy \PLRisV, zqsLjizqs
zqsLjizqs sVLi LkigS RLRi ss NSLilgiqs s[RV sVVszqsxms N_s=LRiV, FsLi{ms{qsV,
NSLilgiqs {qssRVLì yRVNRPVV NRPWy
{qsFsLi xqssVORPQLi[ ALìFsqs[ P[Ljis RXaRPLi
DyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS sVVsVLi
\|RLS`, ALiRxmsMALiRxms NRPRsLi ZNP[{qsALì sWRVRW xqs\sVNRP Fys[ LigSNRPV
s\sVLij. NRPLkiLisgRiLì NRPV Lijs NSLilgiqs FyLki dLRis @yRVLi LjigjiLiyLRiV. sxqsyRV
{qssRVLì yRVNRPVRV, NRPLkiLisgRiLì |qsLi Fys[ 60GV LRiVso[ NRPdsxqsLi xmspTNRP NRPWy
N][c@mslLi[s LiNRPV \PLRis N]LiRWLRiV LRidsLiRLì dRV[RyLRiV. NSds RsV xmsVR*Li NSNRPdRV
LSso(ZNPTzqszqs)ALìFsqs[ P[LRisVsV C s sVxtsQssV FyLRiLiLi LRiVso xmsosLRiVRLRi N][xqsLi
19s ""NSlLiNRPsVs N]LiRWLRiV LRidsLiRLìLSso' 20s[ N][ LRiWFyRVV LRiV P[RVsVsV
zqsLjizqs[ NSLilgiqs dNTP ZNP[ALì FnNRPqs @s[ bdPL<jiNRPs FyLRiV. 60G LigS xms NRP
ALiRxms[ xmssVVLigS NRPRsLi xmsRVLjiLis ryNSLRi\sVsLiRVs LigSsV @LiRLRisVW NRPzqs
sxtsQRVLi FyhRiNRPVNRPV sjRs[V. ALiRxms
LSsVs sLi[V LigS xqsV xqsLi][uy][ DLi[

sRLigS P[xqsVNRPVLiysVyLRiV.
zqsLjizqs sWNRPsLRi @sXj N][xqsLi 60N][
LRiWFyRV sRVsV ZNP[LiVVxqsVsV FyLRiV.
R*LRi[s[ ysV zqsLjizqs[ xmsLRiryss, INRP L][Li
y @NRP[ DLiss {qsFsLiRsV][ sWRVRW
FyLRis FyLki[ P[Ljis @sLiRLRiLi N]LiRWLRiV
LRidsLiRLìLSso "ALiRxms' xmssj][ sWRVRW
FyLRiV. LigS xmsosLìsLSLi[ RsV
gRiry*sVVsV P[xqsVsLiRVNRPV {qsFsLiNRPV NRPXRRV
VxmsoRVsV N]LiRWLRiV FyLRiV.
NSLilgiqs sVLi ALìFsqs[ P[Ljis yLji[
xmsFyNRP OUPQLSLi, LS|ms OTPQ, xqsRV` R{qsLi,
LSgRiV gRis, g_R LS, NRPWLRiV lLi[VNRP][ FyV
500sVLij yRVNRPVV, NSLRiNRPLRiV DyLRiV.
LRidsLiRLìLSso ALìFsqs FyLki[ P[LRiRLi][ NRPLkiLisgRiLì
[ NSLilgiqs FyLkiNTP Lki sxtsQs[Vss xmsLjibdPNRPVV
sxqsVyLRiV.
eT+s& m+ =HsT..!?
<eTT+f sJHe #sTT+ sd

rdT+& dsY| {.<b <+
\|RLS`, ALiRxms M VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki aSxqssxqsVV

sVLilLiT NTPxtsQslLiTs FsLiR sVVysNTP N]sVg][V P[aSLRis LigS
VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki @RORPVRV Fs LRisV xmsbPLiyLRiV. RsV FyLki
sVLi lgis aSxqssxqsVsV LSysW P[LiVVLi LigS LSxtsQ xqssV[
P[LRiVN][sRLi LSxqs @RORPVRV RLiRZaP[LìLSso jgRiLRiVRV Rss[Vss ARVs
RVRVLRiV. ZNP[{qsALìNRPV RsVV, \LRiLi DLi[ LSxqs[ P[Ljis RsV FyLki
yLjisLiRLjiP[R LSysW P[LiVVLiys VRyLRiLi Ljigjis s[NRPLRiV
xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. VgRiV[aRPLi LigS FyLki @RORPVV
Fs LRisV, aSxqssxqsxmsORPQ yRVNRPVRV FsLRi RRWNRPLìLSso, FssV[V
ryRVs, @LjiZNPxmspT gSLik, sWRsLRiLi NRPXuyLSso, xqsVtsQRWRsV s[NRPLRiV
xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
C xqsLiRLRiLigS LRisV sWRVRW, LSxqs[ P[Ljis

RsV FyLki FssV[P[ LSysW P[LiVV}qs ZNP[{qsALì g_LRisLi
|msLRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. LSysW P[RVs xmsORPQLi[ zmnsLSLiVVLis
yLji B sVVLiRV FyLki NSLRiNRPLRiV RLSV P[ryLRis ARVs
|RLjiLiyLRiV. LRiLigSlLiT @RORPVVgS, FssV[gS
VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki sVLilLiT NTPxtsQslLiTs, @Rs NRPVsWLRiVTs
LSNUPRVLigS ALjiNRPLigS @sXj[NTP LiRyLRiV. @sXj P[zqss C FyLki
sVLi NTPxtsQslLiT ALìFsqs[NTP sRLi ARVs dsLigS LiTLiyLRiV. xms
xqssVxqs sVVxqsVgRiV[, @jNSLRi yxLi][ xmssV sWxqsLi P[RVRLi
sVLijNSRs zRso xmsNSLRiV. xmsLjiFys @s syVgS sxmnsLi LijLiRds,
FssNRP[ Bs dsVsV sVxmsoN][[Rs ARVs AL][zmsLiyLRiV. Bs Ljigjis
FssVd= FssNRP[ \|RLS`, LRiLigSlLiT ALìFsqs @Lji |mnsWLRi xmsLSRVLi
Liy sLRiLigRi @Lji lLiLi][ JV][ lgiVF~Lij xms[ saRP*xqsdsRVLigS
N][[RWLRis ARVs @yLRiV. xqsLiR[ xqsLRiVNRPVV N]sVgS ZNP[{qsALì
VgRiV[aRPLi FyLkiNTP Lijs FssV[sV NSLRiNRPLRisV, yRVNRPVsV
myT du\ sJHe #d
b |ssTT+#+&
{ <b H yT&|* d+
' \|RLS`, ALiRxms M VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki }msLRiV][

lgi BxmsVRV FyZNP[ N][xqsLi gRiVd gRiWNTP P[LRiVRVs
s[RsV xmsV RLjisVN][ L][ sxqsVLiRs VgRiV[aRPLi
FyLki ]xmsRLiT sWNRPsLRiLi BsyLì yNRPLì s[VTxms
xqsRLi |RLjiLiyLRiV. Rrys bdPsyxqsRVRs sWjLji
gSs[ sVLilLiT NTPxtsQslLiT NRPWy dssWs LSNUPRWNRPV
jgRiLRiRLi zqsgRiVP[s ARVs @yLRiV. VgRiV[aSsNTP
LSysW P[zqss NTPxtsQslLiT aSxqssxqs xqsy*sNTP NRPWy
LSysW P[RWs ARVs TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. Rrys][

FyV NTPxtsQslLiTNTP zqsgRiVLi[ RORPQs[V RsV xmsRsoNRPV
LSysW P[zqs {qsNRPLì][ AsWjLixms [xqsVN][ys s[VTxms
xqsRLi TsWLi` P[aSLRiV.
NSLRiV gRiVLRiV\|ms F P[zqs xms ZOP[QRLi[ yLRiV GFy
sVVsgS[ sLRiWzmsLiRVN][ys ARVs xqsy P[aSLRiV.
ALìFsqsNRPV JsV RVsVs xmsVR* @LiRLRiR xqslLi[*[
s\LiRds, kLi][s[ lgi[Lì FssNRPV yLiVVy s[xqsVyLRis
s[VTxms xqsRLi AL][zmsLiyLRiV.
N]LiVyLRis ARVs RVRVLRiV. xqssVLRisLiR\sVs yRVNRPVV FyLkiNTP

ssLi DyLRis FyLRiV. ZNP[{qsALì sWdsVR sP[sNTP NSRs LigS
DRsVLi[ RRVsV sVVsVLis P[ryss ssVNTP yLjis sWxqsLi P[zqss
sNTPgS RLjiR[ sFRWLRiyLRiV. Rrys bdPsyxqsRWRs xmsLjizqs
NRPVT[ xmsTsVgS xmsxqsVRLi DLiRs LRisV @yLRiV. FsLRi RRWNRPLìLSso
sWRVRW, ZNP[{qsALì sVVR sVLi VgRiV[aRPLi FyLkis RWRgSs[ gRiV RTzqs
RVxmsRVRVyLRiyLRiV. LigS[ VgRiV[aRPLi FyLkiNTP Lijs yRVNRPVsV,
NSLRiNRPLRisV ALìFsqs FyLki[NTP sLiRLigS P[LRiVNRPVLiVyLRiyLRiV.
VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki NTPxtsQslLiTNTP @sLi|ms NSL][lLi[xtsQs, @RORPVRV, FssV[sV
P[zqsLiRyLRiV. Bj sVLixmsR NSRyLRiV. Bxms\ZNPy F~LRiFyVsV IxmsVNRPVs
Ljigji VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki[NTP LSys FsLRi A*sLiyLRiV. FssV[LiRLjis
ALìFsqs IT P[xqsW sLiRLigS P[LSs N][LRiVRVyLRis }msL]yLRiV. A
sRLigS sVsVLiRLji G][ INRP sRLigS sV|ms[ xmsRVyV
LRiVgRiVRVyRWLRiV. s[VsVV FyLkis dsR[RyLRiV. yLji @LSRNSNRPV,
IRVNRPV RVxms[ xmsxqsZNP[ [Rs FyLRiV.
sVxWsgRiLì xqsdsVOSQxqssWs[aRPLi RLRi[

sLRi*zLiys sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. @[ sRLigS 28s
DRRVLi 10 gRiLiNRPV sVLi, sVyLi 3 gRiLiNRPV
eT+ C>T seTq
;d ]swH d\V<sT deyX+
d{qs LjilLi[*xtsQs= xqsyLRiV y.zms.Fsqs.NRPXxtsQs

.sVLi [gRiV LSsVs][ [ @LiVVs RXaRPLi
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: {ssLS LjilLi[*xtsQs @sVV\|ms d{qs xqsLiZOP[QsV
aS sVLi [gRiV LSsVs][ LjilLi[*xtsQs= xqsyLRiV, Lji\Lì HGFsqs @jNSLji
{msFsqs NRPXxtsQs xqssWs[aRPsVRWLRiV. d{qs LjilLi[*xtsQs= @sVV\|ms RLjiLiyLRiV. C
xqsLiRLRiLigS d{qs (C) NTPLiR sVVzqsLiNRPV NRPLis 4 aSRLi LjilLi[*xtsQs @sVV\|ms
RLRi LjigjiLij. dsLji LjilLi[*xtsQs @sVV\|ms NRPVgRiVRVs @yLiRLS\|ms
RxmsLRiLigS dxqsVN][y=s RLRi\|ms RLjiLiyLRiV. C LjilLi[*xtsQs @sVV\|ms
xqsV{msLiN][LRiV[ xmsyjgS P[LRiysNTP d{qs xqsLiZOP[QsVaS sVLi [gRiV LSsVs
sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. C @LiaRPLi\|ms LigS LSxtsQLi RLRiVxmsos sW @Lki
sLRi ZNP[ xmsLSaRPLRis yjryLRis sVLi C xqsLiRLRiLigS FyLRiV. xqssWs[aRPLi[
xqsLiZOP[QsV aS \lLiNRPLì ZNP[ @[N`PNRPVsWLì DyLRiV.
|q @sqT |]o*+q eT+

\|RLS`,
A L i R x m s M AL` i Fs q s
FyLki @jNSLRi x[y[
]ryLjigS C s 24s
sLRi*zLiP[ {mssLki, 27s
Ljilgi[ zLRiLigRi xqs
LigS ANSLiORPQV
xmsLiLiP[
DLiRVs LSxts LRiy
aS sVLi xmsLi
sV}LiRLì lLiT @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi Fsd }qsTRVLi[
{mssLki GLSsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs
sWRVRW {mssLki, zLRiLigRi xqs N][xqsLi \|RLS`,
LRiLigSlLiT [ xqsLiLS yysLRiLi
RzmsLixmsP[rysVyLRiV. FyLki LiyV, x[LjiLigìV, {qsFsLi
ZNP[{qsALì sVsRV NRPV RjRLS][ sLizmss[rysVyLRiV.

[sW FssV[V sWNRPsLRi BLiyLRiVV
xqssVs*RVLigS GLSV P[ryLRis @yLRiV. 27s xmslLi[`
g_Li`=[ sLRi*zLiP[ zLRiLigRi xqsNRPV LigS LSxtsLi
sVsVW sVLi xqsVsWLRiV 10ORPQ sVLij NSLRiNRPLRiV
RLRisryLRiyLRiV. LRiLigSlLiT, \|RLS` sVLi
gRiRLi[ FssRW [s sRLigS GLS][ FyV NSLRi
NRPLRisV RLRiry sVyLRiV. {qsFsLi ZNP[{qsALì @sVV P[xqsVs
xqsLiZOP[QsV xmsRNSV, @sXj xmssV][ [aRPLi[s[ LigS
LSxtsLi g]xms jgS {mssLki, zLRiLigRi xqs y*LS RWs` xms
xmsLiysNTP yVy sV yLRiV. gSsV ryLiVV sVLi
ryLiVV sLRiNRPV FyLki RVLiyLigRiLi xms xmssRVNRPV
xqsRVLigS xmss P[RWs FyLRiV. sVLi sV}LiRLìlLiT
sLi FyLki yRVNRPVV bdPLSLilLiT, xmns[xmsoLRiLi sLiNRPlLiT
RjRLRiVV DyLRiV.
{ |dd du dMT\T
\|RLS`,ALiRxms: NSLilgiqs FyLki xqsR*
ssWRV\|ms yLkigS xqsdsVORPQV sLRi*zLiP[LiRVNRPV
{ms{qs{qs yRVNRPR*Li RXztsQryLjiLiLij. C s 27,28 [k[
lLiLiRV L][V 4 xqsdsVORPQV sLRi*zLiRsVyLRiV. C
xqsdsVORPQNRPV GH{qs{qs NSLRiRLji+ LSsVRLiRNRPVLiRW
LRiVNSsVyLRiV. C sxtsQRVLi\|ms {ms{qs{qs @RORPVRV
DRsVNRPVsWLìlLiT A yRVNRPVNRPV NRPWy
xqssWyLRiLi @LijyLRiV. Bj DLiRgS C sLRiV sLRiNRPV
FyLki xqsR* ssWRV OSQs xmspLji P[RWs FyLki \|
NRPsWLi` BxmsZNP[ A[bPLis sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. @LiRVNRPV
C s 27s LRiLigSlLiT xqsdsVOSQxqssWs[aRPLi DRRVLi 10
gRiLiNRPV FsdsgRiLì[ sLRi*zLiys sLRiRVLi
dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. @[ L][ sVyxLi 3 gRiLiNRPV
\|RLS`, ALiRxms: \|RLS` sgRiLRiLi[ sryLS FsLiVVLì\s=

}qsssV sxqsLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV A NRPLi|msds AxqsNTP RWzmsxqsVsRs xmsLiyRVdLS,
HaSsVLi ZNP[ yLRiNRPLSsWLSso FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi xqsyRVLi[
sryLS FsLiVVLì\s= () {qsBJ {mnsN`P[ sVLi ZNP[ALìsV sVLSR
xmspLRiNRPLigS NRPaSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS \|RLS`[s Gs[Vxtss LRiLigRiLi
[s @sNSaSsV sryLS {qsBINRPV ZNP[ALì ssLjiLiyLRiV. \|RLS`[
Gs[VxtsQs LRiLigRiLi P[xqsVs }qss s 20aSRLi xmsRWNRPV sXj
ryjLiLiRs FyLRiV. \|dRLS`[ sN] Rs sryLSNRPV @s
LRiNSVgS xmsVR*Li xqsxNSLRiLi @LijxqsVLiRs FyLRiV. \|RLS`[
BxmszZNP[ gRiWxmsosNRPV saS\sVs DsNTP DsRs, xmsV NRPLi|msdsV
\|RLS` ZNP[LiRLigS xmssP[xqsVyRVs FyLRiV. \|RLS`[
NRPLi|msdsV sVLjis NSLRiNRPFysV @LijLiys N][LSLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV R*LRi[s[
gRiWms \PLRis sV{qss NRPzqs xms[NRPLigS N][LRiVysVyLRiV. RsV
sVVsVLi BxmsZNP[ Li NRPLi|msds[ RsV LigS Li`
@LizqsRLì= @s xmsNRPLis sxtsQRWs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. \|dRLS`
FsLiVVLìFLì[ BxmsZNP[ @RVRsV sNRP sxqsRVVyRVs sVLi gRiVLRiV
P[aSLRiV. R*LRi[s[ @NRPy ssWy BLidsLRi LiVVsLigì xqsLixqs NSLRiNRPFyV
FyLRiLiLiRsVsV FyLRiV. \|RLS` sgRiLRiLi[ sryLS FsLiVVLì\s=NTP
ROTPQ LRiR [aRPLi[ sxqsLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV soRNRPLigS gS NRPzqs sxqsVLiRs
FyLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[ HaS NSLRiRLji+ [VtsQLRiLis][ FyV
gRiV[`zqsLigìsW>, sryLS GLiVVLì\s= xqsyLRiVV FyyLRiV.
sg]LiR NRPV xqsLiLijLi FyLki xqsR* ssWRV\|ms

xqsdsVORPQV sLRi*zryLRiV. NSgS xqsR* ssWRV LigS
LSxtsQLi[ AbPLis s[VLRi LRigRiRLi[Rs NRPWy \| NRPsWLi`
LSxtsQ yRVNRPR*Li\|ms @xqsLiRXzms sNRPLi P[zqsLij. Bs
GH{qs{qs NSLRiRLji+ LSsVRLiR NRPVLiRW \|RLS`NRPV
ssxmsVRV gSLikss[ FyLki sVVs[R][
xqssWs[aRP\sV xqsR* ssWRV\|ms xqsdsVORPQ sLRi*zLiyLRiV. xms[NTP ss NRPWy xmsV xqsWRsV P[aSLRiV. LigS
Bs FyLkiNTP sLi ARLjiryLRis, @LiRVNRPV RgRiVgS
yRVNRPVV xmss P[RVRLi[RyLRiV. @Li[NSNRPVLiy
LigS\|ms FyLki @js[ rsRWgSLik][ FyV
RVVss[R LSxgSLik FsLi][ ssVNRPLi][ DyLRis, A
s[VLRiNRPV xmss P[RWs NRPVLiRW xqsWLiyLRiV. @LiVV[
GH{qs{qs s[RXR*Li[ Td[ P[xmss NTPrysLSdNTP s[LiRVNRPV yRVNRPVV ssVgRiLi NSsRLi][ xqsR* ssWRV\|ms
FsNRPVsgS RXztsQ ryLjiLiR[NRPFRWLRis FyLki sLSV
FyLiVV. BxmsRV FyLki NSLRiNRPsWV GsV[NRPFsRLi][
BNRP xqsR* ssWRV {qs` |msLiys NTPLijryLiVV s[RNRPV
BxmsZNP[ xqsWLiyLRiV.
F~y ORPQRV @RORPVTgS DsxmsV[ xqsR*
xmsoxqsNSV @s NRPV P[LSLiVV. A RLS*R N]R
yRVNRPR*Li sy sVVLiRVNRPV rygRiRLi[Rs ssVLRi+V
FyLki[ sszmsxqsVyLiVV. @LiVV[ xqsR* ssWRV ORPQLi 25
ORPQ sLRiNRPV |msVNRPVsxmsNTP .. Bxms sLRiNRPV @LiRV[ xqsgRiLi
NRPWy xmspLji P[RVNRPFsRLi][ FyLki s[R[ ALi][s
sNRPsVso][Lij.
U{ms sW yRVNRPVRV, sW sVLi |msjlLiT xmsosL][

xqsLiRLRiLigS {qs*V szmsxqsVs {qsFsLi RLiRV yRVVRV
]HH sT\ qwyT

\|RLS`,ALiRxms : ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li
s W }qsNRPLRi @Ljiss=[ \lLiRVNRPV s[VV P[}qs
G INRP @LiaRPLi[Rs {ms{qs{qs @jNSLRi xmsRsj sVV
LRis @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi ARVs gSLikss[
dsVTRW][ sWyLRiV. \lLiRVNRPV BxtsQLi [NRPVy
sLiRLigS WsVVV N]s |msTyLRiV
NRPV Li P[}qs sRLigS ZNP[LiRLi ssLjirLiRs
ARVs ssVLji+LiyLRiV. \lLiRVV yRVryyNRPV NRPWy FNRPVLiy Rs dxqsVNRPVLSsRLi \lLiRVNRPV Fs s[VV P[zqssV
@soRVLi][ d[{ms s[RV Fys ARVs xmsbPLiyLRiV. @Ljiss=][ \lLiRVNRPV
s[VV P[xqsVysVs xmsRLi \lLiRVsV sLiLiRRs[V @soRVLiRyLRiV.
V+> kd{\| $#sD
dm+ dsY b+>T{ K
\|RLS`,ALiRxms: xLigì r\|qs[

Ljigjis @NRPsW\|ms syLRiNRPV xms[NRP @jNSLRiV
sV sRVsVLiys LigS sVVsVLi
RLiRZaP[LìLSsoNRPV NSLilgiqs FssVd= F~LigRiV[
xqsVyNRPLìlLiT VRyLRiLi [ LSaSLRiV. @|qsLid
xqssWs[aS[ xLigì r\|qs[ @NRPsWV
LjigSRVs RLRiNRPV LSsRLi][ xqsLijLis
xmsVR*Li x NRPsV s[zqss sxtsQRWs ARVs
gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. zmnsLisgRiLì N][@xmnslLi[s xLigì r\|qs, z= N][ @xmnslLi[s,
Fsds[ N][ @xmnslLi[s, bdP sLiNRP[aRP*Lì N][ @xmnslLi[s][ FyV sLiRgjiLji xLigì
r\|qs\|ms syLRiNRPV xNRPsV s[zqss sxtsQRWs ARVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV.
RN`PsLì WLiVVqs xmsR[ lgis \|RLS` @LRi |qsLiRLki][ @RLRig]s yss, yLRiLì
saSmx sLi: xqss\lLiLì= \|RLS` VNRPV sLRiVVRV @LiRgS syRV.

VRyLRisVNRPR Ljigjis sW`[ xqss\lLiLì= \|RLS` BsLigì= RLS*R
yyxmso gRiLisLRi FyV sL<RiLi @LiRLSRVLi NRPgjiLiLij. qs JT LigìNRPV
jgjis N][NRPy V sLkiR 20 JsLRi[ 4 sZNP suysNTP 176 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij.
RLS*R sL<RiLi @LiRLSRVLi NRPgjiLiRRLi][ RN`PsLì WLiVVqs xmsR xmsNSLRiLi ZNP[ZNP[ALì
ORPQLi 12 JsLRi[ 118 xmsLRiVgRiVV slLi[bPLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ N][NRPy V 12 JsLRi[
4 sZNPV N][[LiVV 101 xmsLRiVgRiVV sWRs[V P[RVgRigRiRLi][ xqss\lLiLì= V 16
xmsLRiVgRiV [y][ lgiVF~LijLij. xqss\lLiLì=NRPV Bj lLiLi][ sRVLi.
sL<RiLi @LiRLSRVLi NSLRiLigS RN`PsLì WLiVVqs xmsR ORPQLi][ Lji[NTP
jgjis N][NRPy \s \lLiRLì= V J|mssLì LSs ERxmsNRPV ALRiLiLi[s[ \mns
LiLij. ] JsL][ |qsLiVVs s[zqss lLiLi][ LiNTP ERxms Bs NS`sV lLiLi][
zqsms[ Ds LSx P[LSRV. sVW][ JsL][ |qsLiVVs s[zqss ] LiNTP gRiLidLì
Bs NS`sV CryLji RLì sWs rysLi[ Ds xmsds NRPVsWLì P[LSRV.
kLi][ yVg][ JsL][ ERxms sVLjiLiR lLiFRWRV. ] LiNTP INRP zqsNRP=Lì,
lLiLi][ LiNTP FnLì N]RV. @LiVV[ FsZNP[NRPV yVg][ LiNTP gRiLidLì (4) xmsds
Ligì[ NUPs @RWRV. RLS*R sVdstsQ FyLi[ syRV. HRV JsLRiV
sVVgji}qs xqssVRWsNTP N][NRPy V INRP sZNP N][[LiVV 78 xmsLRiVgRiVV ryjLiLij.
sVgjis 7 JsLRi[ 78 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[RW= sLij. @LiVV[ AL][ JsL][
ERxms (34) NRPWy |mssRVs yLjixmsRV. RLS*R ALiRW LRi|qs= Lji[NTP
jgSRV. G][ JsL][ FyLi[ lLiLiRV FnLRiV N]RLi][ sVVRLi 11 xmsLRiVgRiVyLiVV.
kLi][ N][NRPy V lgiVxmsoNRPV RgRiLRigS ssLiVVLij. @LiVV[
ARVNRPVLiRsVNRPVs ALiRW LRi|qs= (19) NRPWy P[RV[aSRV. RLS*R ss
RVWxqsVmns xmshSs.. FyLi[][ NRPzqs VsV IRVNRPV P[lLi[ xmsRVRLi P[aSRV. NSds
xmnsLiR[RV. xmsj JsLRiV sVVgji}qs xqssVRWsNTP N][NRPy V 3 sZNPV N][[LiVV 86
xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. sLji lLiLiRV JsLRi[ 32 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[RW= sLij. ITs
RVN][[NRPFLiVVs RVWxqsVmns (6) 12s JsL][ lLiLi][ LiNTP |mssRVs
yLjixmsRV. RLS*R ss xqsWLRiNRPVsWLì RWRs (2), sVdstsQ FyLi[ (33)
ygS ssRLi][ N][NRPy V BsLigì= sVVgjizqsLij. VsV lgizmsLiP[LiRVNRPV FyLi[ dsLigS NRPXztsQ P[aSRV.
@LiRNRPVsVVLiRV qs JT LigìNRPV jgjis xqss\lLiLì= \|RLS` J|mssLRiV
bPLì yss, [s` yLRiLìV ] JsL][s[ NRPVj\sVs LigìsV
FsRVL]yLRiV. ZNP|mss gRiLidLì zqssLì xs ysV LigìNRPV jLiyRV.
16 xmsLRiVgRiV [y][ N][NRPy JsV
RLS*R sWlLi LigìsV FsRVL]s yLRiLì sV` sZNP jaRPgS LiRLki

N]RV. kLi][ lLiLi][ JsL][ sVVRLi FsssVj xmsLRiVgRiVyLiVV. dsLjiRLRiW
xmsLRiVgRiV N][xqsLi FsLiRgS xmsRVLiyL][ N][NRPy LRiV NRPWy @Li[
NRPVjLigS Ligì P[aSLRiV. xqss\lLiLì= J|mssLRiV sVLjiLiRgS NRPT P[}qsLiRVNRPV
xqsVds s\lLissV H][ JsL][ LigìNRPV jLiFyRV gRiLidLì. s\lLis s[zqss ] LiZNP[
yLRiLì @so NSs=Lij. Li yLRiLì @LiRVsV yNTP sLij. NSds ys
xmsVNRPVs[ ys*LRiW [NRPFsRLi][ yLRiLì EzmsLji {msVNRPVyRV. sVVysNTP HRV
JsLRiV sVVgji}qs xqssVRWsNTP xqss\lLiLì= V sZNP sxtsQFNRPVLiy 36 xmsLRiVgRiVV
P[zqsLij. zqss }qsxxmspLRi*NRP saSxmsLi zms`sV N][NRPy zqssLRiV xqssVLRisLiRLigS
DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVyLRiV.
AL][ JsL][ y sVd LigìNRPV jgSRV. @LiVV[ yLRiLì LjisLì=[ AT
Lis LiRLkiNTP RLRiLiyRV. RLS*R RVWxqsVmns xmshSs NRPWy Rs LigìsV
xmsLkiOTPQLiRVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV syRV. A JsL][sW yLRiLì LiRLki N]RLi][ xqss\lLiLì=
V 50 xmsLRiVgRiV sWLìsV yLij. zqssLRi][ Li [RsVNRPVs gRiLidLì
FsssV][ JsL][ Ds[VtsQ RWRssV Lji[NTP jLiyRV. kLi][ A JsL][ ALRiV
xmsLRiVgRiVV sWRs[V syLiVV. RLS*R sVd RVWxqsVmns xmshSs Rs lLiLi][ JsLì
s[}qsLiRVNRPV syRV. ]sV][ JsL][ RVWxqsVmns s[zqss ] LiNTP yLRiLì zqsNRP=Lì
N]RV.. RLS*R BRLRiW zqsLigji= dRVRLi][ A JsL][ sVVRLi 11
xmsLRiVgRiVyLiVV.
B ssVjgS ARVRW.. @RsV RWzqs LiRLkiV RVRW xqss\lLiLì=
J|mssLRiV rLRiV [LRiVsV sVVLiRVNRPV NRPjLiyLRiV. ] ryN`P \sV @so
xqssVRWsNTP xqss\lLiLì= V sZNP sxtsQFNRPVLiy 68 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. RLS*R
Ds[VtsQ Rs lLiLi][ JsL][ sVW][ Lis uyLì zms` s[aSRV. ys yLRiLì }msORPQNRPV
gSLki[NTP xmsLixmsRLi][ Ds[VtsQ Rgjis sVWLi LiRVN][y= sLij. xmsj
JsLRiV gRiTy ] sZNP xmsRNRPFsRLi][ J|mssLRi gRiry*sWs sRg][LiRVNRPV N][NRPy V ds xmsRVRLi P[zqsLij. NUP sR s]NRPVNRPVs yLRiLì sVLjiLiR
lLiFRWRV. 11s JsL][ s\lLis s[zqss sVW][ LiNTP yLRiLì zqsNRP=Lì N]RLi][
A JsL][ sVVRLi 14 xmsLRiVgRiVy LiVV. RLS*R dsLji gRiry*sWs sRg][
xmsRVRLi[ gRiLi gS zmsRVWtsQ yysV LRiLigRiLi[NTP jLiyRV gRiLidLì. NSds A
JsL][ yss, yLRiLì Fsy|msy yLiVVLiRRLi][ sVVRLi 15 xmsLRiVgRiVyLiVV.
kLi][ xqss\lLiLì= V 100 xmsLRiVgRiV sWLìsV yLij. 14s JsLì RLS*R
xmsLjizqss RW}qs C sW`[ xqss\lLiLì= V 200NRPV \|msgS xmsLRiVgRiVV P[xqsVLi[sW
sYd; m<T
LigRiLRiV: H{msFsc8[ gRiLigS s^ xqsWxmsLì NTPLigì=[ VRyLRisVNRPR

Ljigjis sW`[ OSQs P[jLiP[LiRVNRPV LSRV yLiLì= LigRiLRiV V
yy RzmsV xmsTLij. Ligì[ sxmns\sVs ALì{qsd Ligì[sW xqsy
RWxms[NRPFLiVVLij. 12 JsLRi[}ms NUPNRP\sVs sZNPV N][[sRLi][ N][{ }qss
lgiVxmso AaRPV AsLRiRWLiVV. ]VR LigìNRPV jgjis s^ xqsWxmsLì NTPLigì= sLkiR
20 JsLRi[ 8 sZNP suysNTP 181 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. RLS*R ALì{qsd OSQs
P[jLiP[ NRPsVLi[ ds BLiRVV xmsTLij. NRPRxms yLRiLi[ xqssVRWsNTP
LigRiLRiV V 17 JsLRi[ 7 sZNPV N][[LiVV 123 xmsLRiVgRiVV sWRs[V
ryjLiLij.
Lki ORPQLi][ Lji[NTP jgjis LigRiLRiV V ALRiLiLi[s[ ] sZNP
N][[LiVVLij. yVg][ JsL][ ry (17) @soRWRV. @[ JsL][ sLji LiNTP
sVL][ J|mssLì L]r= (14) NRPWy ssVjLjigSRV. HRV JsLRiV sVVgji}qs xqssVRWsNTP
LigRiLRiV V 2 sZNPV N][[LiVV 34 xmsLRiVgRiVV ryjLiLij. RLS*R ss
js[tsQ NSLkiN`P (10) NRPWy VsV ARVN][[NRPFRWRV. RLS*R ss TsRVLì=
(14) 12s JsL][ LRi_ NSsRLi][ LigRiLRiV V lgiVxmso AaRPV xqssgjiLiVV.
14s JsL][ xqsLRiLS s (11)sV [ |mssRVs xmsLiFyRV. 17s JsL][ ]
LiNTP ZNP|mss sLS N][{ (51), lLiLi][ LiNTP @xmsV[ ss xL<Ri xms[ (0)
@so NSsRLi][ LigRiLRiV V JsV yyxmso RV\sVLij. @LiVV[ s
N`PsV dsqs @RVNRPVyRV.
@LiRNRPVsVVLiRV qs JT LigìNRPV jgjis s^ xqsWxmsLì NTPLigì= V
ALRiLiLi[s[ ] sZNP N][[LiVVLij. sR*LixqsNRPLRi =sVs LiRs
sVN`PNRPsV (4) lLiLi][ JsL][ H][ LiNTP @soRWRV. RLS*R xqsVlLi[tsQ \lLiy sVL][
J|mssLì ^*s zqs`][ NRPzqs rLRiV [LRiVsV sVVLiRVNRPV NRPjLiyRV. HRV JsLRiV
sVVgji}qs xqssVRWsNTP s^ V INRP sZNP suysNTP 38 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. dsLjiRLRiW

lLiLi][ sZNPNRPV 7 JsLRi[ 58 xmsLRiVgRiV gRiry*sWs @LijLiyLRiV. FsssV][
JsL][ zqs` lLiLiRV zqsNRP=LRiV, INRP FnLì N]RLi][ A JsL][ sVVRLi 17
xmsLRiVgRiVyLiVV. ]sV][ JsL][sW INRP FnLì, INRP zqsLigji dzqss zqs` (39) H][
LiNTP |mssRVs yLjixmsRV. RLS*R ss ][ds INRP FsLi`[ A RW
ARVRVLiW sVL][ FsLi`[ \lLiy RWNRPVRVgS AyRV. 10 JsLRiV sVVgji}qs
xqssVRWsNTP s^ V 2 sZNP suysNTP 81 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. RLS*R \lLiy
sVLjiLiR lLiFRWRV. 13s JsL][
sLRiVxqsgS sVWRV zqsNRP=LRiV N] @LRi
|qsLiRLki xmspLji P[zqss \lLiy (62) H][
LiNTP @soRWRV. RLS*R [
syRV. @LiVV[ 15s JsL][ ]
LiNTP ][ds (13) ssVjLjigSRV.
RLS*R RV |mszqsqs syRV. NSds
RLS*R JsL][ [ (8) NRPWy
|mssRVs yLjixmsRV. RLS*R
ss ^*s [ (5) NRPWy NUP[
s]NRPV N][[NRPFRWRV. RLS*R
@bP*s (5), sWz` aRPLRi (2) RNRPVs
xmsLRiVgRiVZNP[ ssVjLjigSLRiV. Fnymns RV
|mszqsqs (33), AbPtsQ s (0) ygS
ssRLi][ s^ BsLigì=
sVVgjizqsLij.
k d s 8 qT+ | |ks+
|m H&T
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dHssY
esTDT& n+&
s\T
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gRiLidLì }qssNRPV Bj lLiLi][ xmsLSRVLi
@szmsLiLij. NSds 15s JsL][ sWlLi s[zqss ] LiNTP FnLì N]s yLRiLì
(91) @soRWRV. |qsLiRLkiNTP RgRiLRigS ss yLRiLì @so NSsRLi
@sWsVsV sLSaRPxmsLjiLij. @LiVV[ ] sZNPNRPV dsLjiRLRiW 130 xmsLRiVgRiV
gRiry* sWs @LijLiyLRiV. H{msFs[ xqss\lLiLì= \|RLS`NRPV B[ @RjNRP
] sZNP gRiry*sVLi. RLS*R ss LRis FyLS VNRPV RssLiRV
xqsxNSLSs @LijLiR[NRP FRWRV. 17s JsL][ sWlLi s[zqss ] LiNTP
FyLS (2) ssVjLjigSRV. RLS*R ssVs JLRi&W LigìNRPV jgSRV. A JsL][
sWlLi NRPVj\sVs Ligì P[RVRLi][ ALRiV xmsLRiVgRiVV sWRs[V syLiVV.
18s JsL][ @LRi |qsLiRLki xmspLji P[xqsVNRPVs yss (54) 19s JsL][ ] LiNTP INRP
FnLì N] sVW][ LiNTP |mssRVs yLjixmsRV. kLi][ xqss\lLiLì= Lki rLRiV
AaRPV AsLRiRWLiVV. RLS*R |sN`P= syRV. NSds sLji JsL][ ] LiNTP
zqsNRP=Lì N]s JLRi&W (18) lLiLi][ LiNTP NUPs @RWRV. RLS*R ss [ZNP[tsQ
LSx (0), |sN`P= (7) ygS ssRLi][ xqss\lLiLì= \|RLS` BsLigì=
sVVgjizqsLij.
rLRiV[LRiV
xqss\lLiLì= \|RLS` BsLigì=: yss (zqs) y () LRi|qs= 54, yLRiLì
(zqs) ERxms () sWlLi 91, FyLS (zqs) y () sWlLi 2, ssVs JLRi&W
() Ds[VtsQ 18, |sN`P= y 7, [ZNP[tsQ LSx y 0; FsN`P=V: 4;
sVVRL i: 20 JsLRi[ 176/4; sZNP mx sRsLi: 1c130, 2c143, 3c162, 4c170;
Ligì: y: 4c0c26c0, sWlLi: 4c0c31c2, s\lLis: 4c0c38c0,
RVWxqsVmns: 2c0c18c0, Ds[VtsQ: 4c0c40c1, yy: 1c0c15c0, LRi|qs=:
1c0c6c1.
N][NRPy \s \lLiRLì= BsLigì=: (RN`PsLì WLiVVqs xmsNSLRiLi ORPQLi 12
JsLRi[ 118 xmsLRiVgRiVV): ERxms (zqs) xmsds NRPVsWLì () |sN`P= 34, gRiLidLì
() xmsds NRPVsWLì 4, sVdstsQ FyLi y 33, LRi|qs= (zqs) |qsLiVVs () FyLS
19, RVWxqsVmns xmshSs (zqs) aRPLRi () Vss[aRP*Lì 6, xqsWLRiNRPVsWLì RWRs y
2; FsN`P=V: 3; sVVRL i 12 JsLRi[ 101/4; sZNP mx sRsLi: 1c35, 2c49,
3c80, 4c94; Ligì: |qsLiVVs: 3c0c24c0, Vss[aRP*Lì: 3c0c24c1, xmsds:
2c0c18c1, NRPLRi aRPLRi: 1c0c5c0, |sN`P=: 1c0c9c1, xmso aRPLRi: 1c0c14c0,
FyLS: 1c0c7c1.
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LRis lLi[
0.459
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gRisVsNRP: sW: sW`V, lgi: lgiss, J: JTss, xmns.[: xmnsRLi [ss, Fy: FyLiVVLiV
\&> sVQ | ssY d+<T

|Twt s>+
NRPaRPms NRPWy, \|qsyNRPV sVL][ yN][sLì, AzqsRW TLis yLizmsRVsztsQms
xqsxtsQLi P[zqss yNRPLRiV

N][ NRPy: RVVs NTPZNPLì LSx |mnsWtsQ xmsLjizqs sNRPRgS DLiRs @RsNTP
NTPR= @LijxqsVs sgRiLRi \sLilgi[ AxqsVxms yNRPLRiV xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. rysNRP
[Lki[ gRiLigS sVLigRiyLRiLi Ljigjis sW`[ LSx |mnsWtsQ {mnsLigì P[xqsW
RNRPV \sVs gSRVLi][ AxqsVxms[ P[Ljis xqsLigRi zqsLi[. "LSx yT,
LRiNRPFV sWsVWVgS DyLiVV. @RsV sWRVRVyRV. ANRPg]LiV
yRV. \sVNRPLi NSLi[dsV [RV. sVL][ryLji {qs rys, FssVALìH rysV
P[aSLi. sVRRV[ LRiNRPLi gRiR NRPRLi Lis[dsV NRPszmsLiR[RV. @RTs xmspLjigS
xmsLjibdPs[ DLiyLi. Bxms[ @RTs TryLì P[}qsj [RV. @RsV xmspLjigS
N][VNRPVs RLS*R sLRi yLRiVNRPV sWLRiVryLi.
xmsxqsVRLi @RsV H{qsRVW[s[ DyRV' @s \sLilgi[ AxqsVxms sVTNRP
\lLiNRPLì yNRPLì xqsry }qss FyLRiV. @LiRNRPVsVVLiRV xmsbPsV LigS NUPy
sVLi @LRiWms ry*qs \sLilgi[ AxqsVxmsNTP s |mnsWtsQ AL][gRi xmsLjizqss @Tgji
VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. @Rs NTPR= N][xqsLi xmsVR*Li @s LRiNS RLRiV
dxqsVNRPVLiVLiRs ARVs FyLRiV. "LSx |mnsWtsQ AL][gRiLi\|ms sVVsVLi
sVsVy sLki yNRPV P[aSLRiV. @RsV R*LRigS N][VN][ys.. @RsNTP RsV xmspLji
sVRRV DLiVLiRs AsV FyLRiV. LRiV gRiVLjiLi A[LiRNRPVLiy LSx
|mnsWtsQNRPV @RVRsV NTPR= @Lijy=LijgS AxqsVxms sLSsV N][LSLi' @s
ry*qs dsVTRWNRPV FyLRiV.
sox s (\y): ] lgi[sV[ yN][sLì

RLS*R \|RLS` \lLiLigì xtsQLì {msds
zqsLiRV sVz zqsLigji=[ {ms NS*LRiLì=NRPV
P[LRiVNRPVLij. sVL][\sxmso xmsoLRiVxtsQV
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Li RgjisxmsVRV yNRPLRiV NRPWy GdsV P[RV[s xmsLjizqs DLiVLij' @s
N][NRPy zmss= FyLRiV.
Editor-in-chief: MOOTHA GOPALAKRISHNA, Printed & Published by him on behalf of Andhra Prabha Publications Ltd., at the Press of Siddesh Enterprises, Plot No. 229/3, Pandipadu Village, Kallur (M), Kurnool - 518003.
Phones: 08518 - 236413, 236414. RNI Regd No. APTEL/2006/20810.
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@jNSLRiVsV xmsbPLiyLRiV. C Fyqs sysLi
gRiVLjiLi ULRiNRPV @sgSxs NRPLiyLRiV. @LiVV
sxmsNUP @sVV[ BLiRVV FsRVLRisoRV
yLiVV. lLi[xtsQsNSLRiVV Ds }msRLiRLjiNUP
RxmssxqsLjigS lLi[xtsQs @LijLiys, ULRi @sds
@NRPsWV @LjiNRPRLi N][xqsLi xmsVR*Li C Fyqs
syys xmss[aRP|msLij. C sysLi @sV\[
RsVNRPV GsWRLi AyRVLi DLiRRs[ D[aRPLi][
ULRiV C Fyqs RVLiy[ ryLiZNP[NRP xqssVxqsV
xqsXztsQxqsVsV zmnsLSRVV DyLiVV. xmsVR*Li
Fss RLRiV P[xmsRVRVy s[NUP rLì RVLi,
ds NTPL][zqss N`P sWlLiNRPV RLRi sVRWs[
DLij. RLRiV dxqsVNRPVs xmsxmsLizms ssxqssV
sVLRiVgRiV P[RW=s UFsqsJ {qsV dgS
DLiRLi][ BVsLi BLiRVV FsRVLRisoRV
yLiVV. BNRP xqssWyLRi, FLRixqsLiLiy aS
sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs FLRixqsLiLiy @jNSLji
NSLSRVLi[ @zqs|qsLi \lLiNRPL` (GU) {qsV
dgS DLij. BsyLji GUgS U{msALìJ

ssxLjixqsVyLRiV. @LiVVsxmsNUP zqsLij
N]LRiR][ BLiRVV NRPVgRiVRVyLiVV. RLRisLRiLi,
|mssVN]LiR TssNRPV RaS RLRiT {msALìJ
FxqsVV dgS DyLiVV. NSLSRVLi[
zqsLij N]LRi[ NSNRP yxyV NRPLiTxtsQs[ [so.
@yRVsNRP Fn~[ ZNPsVLSV, dsTW ZNPsVLSV,
NRPLixmspLRiV, zmsLiLRiV, LSNRPV= sVxtsQssV
xmsVR*Li @LijLiR[RV. Dss xqsLjigS xmss
P[RVRLi [RV. xmsNRPV, xmsVy*sNTP yLRijgS
DLiW xmsVR* xmsRNSV xms[NTP dxqsVZNP=s
FLRixqsLiLiy aS sVWgRi[LiVVLij.
FyZNP[RVVNRPV N]RR @NTP[xtsQsV, |NSLRiV
sVLiLRiVNRPV ds xmsLi LRiVgRiV][Lij.
ZNP[LiRLi[ xms L][ xmsVR* NSLRiNRPsWV
sxqsXRLigS LRiVgRiVRVLiLiVV. @xqs[ xmss IT
@jNRP\sV @jNSLRiVV xqsRsVRsVsoRVLi[
sVLiRVV, DsyjNSLRiV xmsLRisV
|msLjigjiFRWLiVV.
LSxtsQ
sVVsVLi
RLiRVyRVVRV NRPWy @s[NRPsWLRiV [
xmsLRiLiyLRiV. C sRLigS dsH{ms xmsLRis][
FLRixqsLiLiy aS @jNSLRiVNRPV BLiRVV
NRPVgRiVRVyLiVV. NRPsVNRP FLRixqsLiLiy aS[
[ sN]s xqssVxqssV xqsLiLijR aS
sVLi RXztsQNTP FyZNP[RVVV dxqsVZNPsxmsNUP
FsVsLi RLRiW [so. Bxms\ZNPy NRPV
Lijs sVLiRVV RsV aS[ sN]s
xqssVxqssV gRisVsLi, lLigRiVLì UFsqsJ,
FLRixqsLiLiy GUsV sRVsVLi, zqsLij
N]LRiRsV dLS= DLij.
|+<T\ |+|+<sT\| #H +<+ <&

>jT|&q q&|
eTV re>j\T
| b bw+q bdT\T
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss)
sgRiLRiLi[ 32s Tss[ VRyLRiLi sVyxLi
xmsLiRV |msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV\s BRLRiV sVz\|ms s^
XLiRLi yLRiV yT P[zqss xqsLixmnsVs ][V P[xqsVNRPVLij.
xmsLiRVsV RLRiLiP[LiRVNRPV ss s^ XLiys
|msLixmsNRPLiyLRiVV sTxmsNRP, ygRisVsV @RVNRPVyLRiV.
RsV xmsLiRVsV dxqsVZNPNRPWRRs, ys RWLRiLigS
dxqsVZNP |msLiRVNRPVLisVs zmssxmsNUP |msLixmsNRPLiy
LRiV\|ms yT P[zqs xmsLiRVsV RLRiLiP[LiRVNRPV
xmsRVLiyLRiV. C yT[ gSRVxmsTs sTxmsNRP,
ygRisVsV sLis[ xmsVy*xqsVxmsNTP RLRiLiyLRiV. C
yT Ljigjis xqssVRVLi[ FdxqsVV @NRP[ DsxmsNUP

yTs @RVN][NRPFsRLi][ FdxqsV dLRiV xms rysNRPVV
@xqsLiRXxmsLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV.
RsNRPV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)

sVLiR ZNP[LiR xqsdsVxmsLi[
VRyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi Lki
@RVxmso Rzms [ xmsRRLi][
\sLì, NUPsLì xqs*LigS gSRVxms
yLRiV. ryRVLiRLi sL<RiLi NRPVLjizqss
NSLRiLigS NRPjLji sVLiT j*RNRP
yxsLi[ RsNRPVNRPV sxqsVs
RVVsNRPVRV sV[xLì (25)[
xmsTs Lkis UN]s dsLigS
gSRVxmsTsV rysNRP FdxqsVV
}msL]yLRiV. dsLigS gSRVxmsTs
sV[xLìsV 108 yxsLi[
NRPjLji xmsVy*xqsVxmsNTP RLRiLi
ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[zqssV Fdqs
sLSV }msL]yLiVV.
u$wT <y\jT+ ~q~H_e~ eT+\jT+ eTs+ |s~| dTuT<+<rsT\T
e{&TTq eTs+ |s~|T\T

NRPVLiVyLRis FyLRiV. yxqsLS
sVxL<jiV BVsLi ALis[RV
ry*sV sgRisV [aRPLi sVVRLi dsVR

750 sgRisV xmsztsQLiyRs
eT&T \T dC
gRiVLiRNRPVLRiWLRi,Gzms22(ZNP Fss Fss ): 3 BxqsVNRP LkisV {qs P[zqssV
sss FsqsH ylgi[aRP*LìV FyRV VRVyLRiLi @WLRiV L][RV sLiRV
yxs Rsd[ gRiLigS yxs RsdV P[xqsVLiRgRi @NRPsVL gS BxqsVNRPsV
RLRixqsVs 3 BxqsVNRP LkisV {qs ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[zqssV FsqsH ylgi[aRP*Lì
V FyLRiV.
~#yVq+ u <] >j\T

gRiVLiRNRPVs,Gzms22(ZNPFss Fss ): gRiVLiRNRPV xqsdsVxmsLi[ Ds
@RVxms FnyNRPLki sR VRVyLRiLi k*RNRPyxsLi [ xmsT sVVgjiLjiNTP
dsgSRVRWLiVV. k*RNRP yxsLi \|ms xqsLì LRis[VtsQ uyV
sxqsVLiRgS sWLRiLi sVR[ sVVxmso sR k*RNRPyxsLi @RVxmso Rzms
[ xmsRRLi][ INRPLjiNTP NSV sLjigjiLij sVL][ BRLjiNTP gSRWRWLiVV.
gSRVxmsTs yLjis 108 yxsLi[ gRiVLiRNRPV xmsVy*xqsVxmsNTP
RLRiLiyLRiV.
H&T |Tq+> >+>eT* $>V |w

JV[sLRiLRiVso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR xmsLjij[s
|msRgRiVxms[ gRiVLRiVyLRiLi gSsV [sR gRiLigRisV sgRix xmsxtsQ
NSLRiNRPsVLi xmnsVsLigS sLRi*zLiRsVsV gSsV |msRV FyLRiV.
sVzV Dxmsyxqs kORPQ][ @sVyLji xms[NRP xmsp[ FyLiLRiV.
sWRs sgRiNRPV xmsoL][zRVV FyxmsxtsQ, NRPaRP xmsp, xmsouyLiNRPLRi
RjRLRi xms[NRP xmsp NSLRiNRPsWsV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. gSsV |msR
AR*LRiLi[ C NSLRiNRPsWs sRVsLiRLi P[RWs yLRiV N][LSLRiV.
<sYqT nqTd+<q+ #dTy*

JV[sLRiLRiVso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)lLi[xtsQsNSLRiV, yxyV
\|qss=V NRPgjis xms INRPLRiW AyLì sLiLRiVsV @sVxqsLiysLi
P[xqsVN][ys RxbdPLì sWxsyqs }msL]yLRiV. VRyLRiLi ARVs
dsAL][*][ xms[NRP xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV. sNTPgRiR sVLRiVgRiV]RV
sLS\|ms ARVs xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRiV.
s&T |e<+
jTTe& |P& eT{ sT\T s*+#T+&
sVVjgRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR xmsLjij[s LRiVsoV,
>j\T
NRPVLi[ ]gjiLiP[ xmspTNRP sVs \lLiRV F~NRPV RLRiLiRVN][ys
|ssTT k$T 500 @ |Tq#] +~

|msRNRPRVWLRiV
,Gzms
22(ZNPFsss): NRPV Bs[V..N][Ljis
N][LjiNRPV dlLi[ bdP\|msLSLiVV ry*sVNTP 500
G xmnsVs RLjiR DLiRs
sVLiyRVLi
{mshSjxmsRVV
xqsVV[LiRdLRiVV
FyLRiV.
VRyLRiLi sVLiR xmsLjij[s xqs]T gSsVLi[ szqss \|msLSLiVV
ry*sV [yRVLi[ LRiVgRiVRVs
xmsxtsQ sVx[R=s NSLRiNRPsWsNTP
ARVs LRiRWLRiV. C
xqsLiRLRiLigS yLRiV sWRVRW
\|msLSLiVV ry*sV FsLi][ sVzsVgRi
[soRs, FsLi][ sVLij NRPVNRPV N]LigRiV
LigSLRiLigS sWLji sRxmspLiRV
nq+|s+ 3
FyRV. NRPV, sVyNRPdRLigS xms

INRPLRiV zLiRV sVys NSFyy=s
AsaRPRNRP FsLi\y DLiRs yLRiV
@FyRVxmsyLRiV. xms[NRPV
[sVNSNRPVLiy zLiRW yLjiNRPRsV
xmsLjiLRiOTPQLiy=s RR xms INRPLji\|ms
DLiRyLRiV. gRiRLi[ \|msLSLiVV
ALis[RVry*sV ARVLi y
sjgS DLi[Rs, NRPVV
@LijLis sLS[ s[RV BLiR
|msR FsRVs @sXj[NTP LSsRLi
ry*sVyLji
AbdPxqsV=[syLRiV.
sxtsQRV[ \|msLSLiVV ry*sV
[yRVLi
jsjysXj
LiRVRVLiRs yLRiV ANSLiOTPQLiyLRiV.
RxbdPLì zms.s. LRisV, FsLi{msUJ sVNSLRiVsV FyLRiV. [{qsd y*LS

sVs ]gji}qs NRPLRi y*LS xmspTNRP sVs RsV F~NRPV \lLiRVV
ryLRisLiR Li P[xqsVN]s[LiRVNRPV sVs ][VN][sRyLRiV. sVLiRLi[s
LRiVsoV, NRPVLiV, N`PyLiV, xmsLRiV[xtsQs LiNRPVV sVLRisVRVVLi[
y sVLRisVRV N][xqsLi xmsFyRsV xmsLiFys xmsLiyRVdLS [CNTP
xqsWLiyLRiV.
;& nusT\ mdtJ{ neX+ *+#*

sVVjgRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)dCU @LRiVNRPV Fsqs @sNSaRPLi
NRPLiys d{qs, Fs{qs, F {qs=, \sVyLki, syLji xqsLixmnsV @RORPVRV Fsqs.
yLSRVry*sV xmsVy*s TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs
sWRVRW xmsbPsV LigS[ dCU @LRiVNRPV Fsqs @sNSaRPLi
NRPLiLiRs, LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li NRPWy FssNRP xqssVRVLi[ dCU
@LRiVNRPV Fsqs @sNSaRPLi NRPrysVs dsV ByLRis FyLRiV.
FssNRP @sLiRLRiLi dCU @LRiVNRPV @yRVLi P[aSLRis, gRiRLi[
Fsqs @sNSaRPLi DLiRRs LSNUPRV yRVNRPV s dCU @LRiVV
Fsqs FxqsVNRPV RWLRisVRWLRis LSxmnsVs[LiR, xmsry`, xqsVlLi[tsQ, ss[LiR
RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
$<sT\ udtH |
@sVRgRiWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiRLi[s ssR gSsW
sVLiR xmsLjixtsQ` FyRsVNRP FyhRiaS[ 3,5 RLRigRiRV syLRiVNRPV
syxmsgRi\|ms VRyLRiLi [qs\s @|qsqssVLi xmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zLisV
FsLiCJ sVNRPVsWLì FyLRiV. rysNRP U DsR FyhRiaS[
y][FyyRVV xmsLRis[ORPQ[ xmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zLisV }msL]yLRiV.
syaSjNSLji A[aS s[VLRiNRPV xmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zLisV FsLiCJ
}msL]yLRiV.
# &+\ eTseTT\ <T\T eT+psT

N]RLRiVso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)N]RLRiVso sVLiR xmsLjij[s
\sVxqssVVRLi, ylLi[xms, LigSlLiTxms, LRiVsV[sLRixms,
xmsLiyLiVVd[s 16 N`P yLi sVLRisVRVNRPV xmsLiyLiVVd LS NTPLiR
LRiW.33.90ORPQV sRVV sVLiLRiRWRVs FsLi.zms.T.J. @sVXRy
FyLRiV. dss R*LjiRgRis xmspLki P[RVRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs AsV
FyLRiV. @[ sRLigS ylLi[xms, \sVxqssVRLi, FRVNRPVLi, dsVLSxmsoLRiLi,
LiRxms, ZNP[aSxmsoLRiLi xm LiyLiVVd sVLiT sVLRiVgRiV]R sLSsNTP 1622
sVLij RLRixqsV P[xqsVNRPVyLRis, ys H.FsLi.Fsqs. \s \|qs [ 1504
RLRixqsVsV @ms [` P[RVRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. sVLRiVgRiV]RV sVLiLRiV
@LiVVs sLis[ yLRiVV sLjiLiRVNRPVs[ sRLigS y\|ms gSsVxqsV
sLRi*zLi RV[RVRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. IN]NRP sVLRiVgRiV]TNTP
LRiW.15s[V LRiVs sVLiLRiV P[RVRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs AsV FyLRiV.
4 nq+|s+
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
+<|u
b~ VMT |qT\qT |]o*+q ed+ HjT\T

ARNRPWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR xmsLjij[s xqssxms gSsVLi[ LRiVgRiVRVs DFyj dsV
xmssVsV {qs{msH @sVLiR ssryRV NSLjiNRP xqsLixmnsVLi (sNSxqsLi) xmsys NSLRiRLji+ ZNP[aRPslLiT
VRyLRiLi xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs sWRVRW DFyj xmssVV P[}qs ][ xmss
sVVV, sVTNRP NTPV [NRPFsRLi gRiVLjiLiysVyLRiV. NRPWdV P[zqss xmssVNRPV xqsLiLijLis N]RV
dxqsVN][sRLi[ NTPNRP @zqs|qsLiV BLiRVV |msRVRVyLRiyLRiV. sVLiRLi[ gRiR Gyj
@N][Lì, ssLiLì sWry[ NRPWdNRPV LRiW.54 ORPQV LixmsoV P[RVNRPVLiy RWNTP=qs LiNRPV
jgRisVLigjiLiRs AL][zmsLiyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ LSFyRV sWNRPsLRi {qs{msH NSLRiRLji+ LSsVNRPXxtsQ,
yRVNRPVV LSsWLis[RVVV,RVLS xmsry`, sVrys RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
nq+|s+ ss
|qT\qT |]o*dTq Xes&
MTde +<+ bs+u+

MTde +<+ bs+ue seT+ bZq eTTs[
LSFyRV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M

sVLiR xmsLjij[s N]Rxms gSsVLi
[ dsV}qss ZNP[Liys LSxtsQ sVLi
xmsLji xqsVdsR rRLRiVRV RLRi
sLRixmso sVVLRi, FsqsH ylgi[LiRxmsry`
VRyLRiLi FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. C xqsLi
RLRiLigS yLRiV sWRVRW xms
NRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs }qsssV xqsR*LRis[V
@LijLiP[ RWys sLS*xNRPV
NRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. dsV }qss ZNP[LiysNTP
ssR xmsy N][xqsLi RLRixqsV P[xqsV
N][sysNTP sP[ yLji xms sV
ysY b+{ u$T |P

LSFyRV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR xmsLjij
[s xLiFyxmsoLRiLi gSsVLi[ sVsLRi yLì
FyLiNRPV LSxtsQ FLRixqsLRixmnsLS aS sVLi xmsLji
xqsVdsR rRLRiVRV RLRisLRixmso sVVLRi, ZNPsLS
LiN`P s[Vs[Lì gRiktsQ VRyLRiLi WsVxmsp
P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS RLRisLRixmso sVVLRi sW
RVRW ZNPsLS LiNRPV yLRiV }qsysLi][ y
Lì FyLiNRPV ALjiNRPryRVLi @LijLiRRLi xqsLi
][xtsQNRPLRisVyLRiV. sVgRiy gSsWNRPV NRPWy y

LìFyLi GLSVNRPV ALjiNRPryRVLi @LijLiys
szms P[aSLRiV. LiNRPV s[Vs[Lì sWRVRW y
Lì FyLi sVxtsQs N][xqsLi LiNRPV RLRixmnsQos LRiW.2
ORPQV BxqsVsVFyLRiV. FyL |tsQRVsV xmsLiy
RVd yLRiV sLjiryLRiyLRiV. xLiFyxmsoLRiLi][FyV
sVL][ HRV gSsWNRPV sVsLRi yL` FyLi sV
xtssNRPV ALjiNRPryRVLi @LiR[RVsVsV FyLRiV.
mdjT, sb&T, TsjTdeTT<+, +>qeT\, LsT, >s~H, Hs\
LSRxmspLRi*NRPLigS ssxLjiLiy
yLRiV. ssd @RLigRi, NRPVLi,
AyRV RVdsNRPLRi RjRLRi xqsLjizmnsZNP
N][xqsLi BjsLRiNRPV LSFyRVNRPV s=
sP[RyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi gSsVLi[s[
dsV }qss ZNP[LiRLi FyLRiLiLiRRLi][
sRVxmsRWxqsV, xqssVRVLi Ay
@so][LiRyLRiV. dsV }qss ZNP[LiRLi s
LS*xNRPVV slLi[tsQ sWRVRW xms
NRPV xqsNS[ }qssLijrysV
yLRiV. U{ms sVLiR NRPds*sLì ry
ZNP[ yLSRVry*sV, xqsLRiLi` ANRPV
sLiNRPLSsVVRV, U{ms {qssRVLì y
RVNRPVV sLi OTPQyLSRV, sV
LRiWLRiV g][Fy, \s xmsry`, RLRi
sLRixmso sV}tsQ, DxmsLRi sLiNRP[tsQ,
NS{qsLiyRVVRV,bdPyV FyyLRiV.
xqsLRiLi` sgSsg][Fy sWRVRW gSsV xms

NRPV LRiOTPQR sVLidsLRiV @LijLiys[ D[aRPLi][ y
Lì FyLi GLSV P[xqsVsV FyLRiV. ksNTP ZNPs
LS LiNRPV yLRiV ALjiNRPryRVLi @LijLiRLi AsLi
RLigS DLiRyLRiV. RVVxmsNRP gSsW xmsV
ALjiNRPLigS FsRgSs[ D[aRPLi][ Aso N]sVg][VNRPV
ALjiNRPryRVLi @LijxqsVsV FyLRiV. ZNPsLS
LiNRPV yLji sVLi RsVNRPV sVLi xqsxNSLRiLi
@LiRV][LiRyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ FsLi{ms{qs ALi
s[RVVV, U{ms xmsys NSLRiRLji+ ygRiLS, y
RVNRPVV \s xmsry`, RLRisLRixmso sV}tsQ, xms
V FyyLRiV.
~# yVq+ n<T| | eTT>TZ] >j\T
b+<TTq >jT|&q e
re+> >jT|&q esE
gRiVsVxmnsV, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): sVLiRLi[s gRiV

sVxmnsV gSsV xqsdsVxmsLi[ j*RNRPyxsLi [xmsT
sVVgRiVLji sNRPVV ds gSRWFyRWLRiV. xxqssVV
RLi sVLiRsNTP Lijs bPsLS, bPs, xqsVlLi[tsQV j*
RNRPyxsLi\|ms RsV xqs*gSsWsNTP sVRVLiRgS gRiVsV
xmnsV xqsdsVxmsLi[ j*RNRPyxsLi @RVxmsoRzms [ xmsT
ds gSRWFyRWLRiV. sLis[ yLjis LSRVRVLRiLi

xmsVy*xqsVxmsNTP RLRiLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS gRiVsV
xmnsV FsLizmszms gjiLjisVxms, yss[LiR, zms g][sLiRVV
ORPQRgSRVsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. @LiRV[ bPsLS xmsLjizqs
sxtsQsVLigS DLiRRLi][ \sRV xqs s[VLRiNRPV Lji
ssV=NRPV RLRiLiyLRiV.
H&T sT d+|T+
deyX+
bPLigRissV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss)
sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[s LSsVry*sV
[yRVLi[ gRiVLRiVyLRiLi DR
RVLi 10 gRiLiNRPV \lLiRV xqsLixmnsVLi
xqssWs[aRPLi GLSV P[zqssV A
xqsLixmnsVLi yRVNRPVV ygRiLS
FyLRiV. C xqssWs[aSsNTP bPLigRis
sV Tss[s {qs{msFsLi yRV
NRPVV, \lLiRV xqsLixmnsVLi yRVNRPVV
LRiV NSys ARVs szms
P[aSLRiV. xqssWs[aRP sVV D[aRPLi
\lLiRV LRiVsW{mns\|ms RLRi DLiVLi
RyLRiV.
|<\+<] bwVs+ n+~+#*

`&{d \+ w
yLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) }msRLiRLjiNUP F

ztsQNSLRiLi @LijLi sWy bPaRPV sVLRi lLi[V
xmspLjigS RgjiLiP[ RWys ryLiTLigì NRPsV \Lì
xmsLRi=s, yLRi U{qs ALi bPLkixtsQ }msL]yLRiV.
VRyLRiLi yLRi xmsLjij[s xqsVs}ms[s
@LigRisyU ZNP[Liys ALi bPLkixtsQ ANRPzqsNRP Rsd
P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS AsV sWRVRW.. @Li
gRisyU ZNP[LiysV xqsNRPsVLigS sRFyyLRiV. xms
VR*Li xqsLRixmnsLS P[xqsVs FztsQNSLRiLi 0c5 xqsLi
sR=LS sRVxqsV= zms sVLi RVVNRP sRVxqsV=,
NTPa][LRi NRPV, gRiLRisRVV, LiRNRPV xqs
NRPsVLigS @LijLiyyLRiV. FztsQNSLRiLi xqsNRP
sVLigS xmsLiRNRP, @LigRisyU ZNP[LiyV xqsLjigS xmss
P[RVNRPF[ aSxmsLRi\sVs RLRiV Rxmsss U
keTV deT+\T
VNRPLSRVxqssVVRLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[s OUPQs
LRizqsLixry*sV [yRVLi[ VRyLRiLi H{qsUFsqs AR*LRiLi[ rysVWzNRP
{qssVLiyV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsWsNTP FsLi{ms{ms AjOUPQ, xqsLRiLi` LRisW
[s \lLi rysVWzNRP {qssVLiyV P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS yLRiV sW
RVRW.. @LigRisyU ZNP[Liy[ gRiLRisRVNRPV ss xmsLkiORPQV sLRi*zLiy
yLRiV. yLjiNTP HLRis sWRV xmsLizms P[RWyLRiV. gRiLRisRVV xmsV
y*xqsVxmsRV[ xmsxqssLiP[ RLRiV dxqsVN][ys xqsWLiyLRiV. @lgi[ sW
y, bPaRPV sVLRiV RgjiLiys A[bPLiyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi rysVWzNRP {qssVLi
yV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ sVVRLi 80 sVLij gRiLjiNRPV xmsLizms
P[RVgS, @LiRV[ FsLi{ms{ms r~LiR RV][ 40 dLRiV N]sVg][V P[aSLRiV.
NSLRiNRPsVLi[ {qsU{ms[ ss @NRPsV, yNRPLì aSLRiR, xqsWxmsLì\sLì LRi,
G{qsU{ms[ ygRisV, U{ms{qs xqsVyNRPLì, ygRiLS, N][ALjis[Lì LSsWxs,
@zqs|qsLi N][ALjis[Lì JV[xqsV RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
n+>Hy&\ D
LSFyRV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[s @LisyU ZNP[Li
RLic1[ VRyLRiLi @LigRisyU NSLRiNRPLRiNRPV BLiNTPsVLi LjiLig` @
F` (HFsG) bPORPQ ByLRiV. G{qsU{msJ j[aRP*Lji, N][ ALjis[L` sR,
xqsWxmsLì\sLì @sVLSR \lLi sWyLRiV. @LigRisyU ZNP[LiRLi xmsLjij[s
LiRV, gRiLjiVV, NTPa][LRiNRPV, yLRiVNRPV H{qsUFsqs y*LS @Li
jLiP[ FztsQNSLSs @LijLiyyLRiV. BLi xqslLi[* Fs P[RW,
sWms G sRLigS gRiVLjiLiy RjRLRi @LiaS\|ms @sgSxs NRPLiyLRiV.
yLRiV ssLSsV FsxmsNRPxmsVRV As\ [ ssWRV P[RWyLRiV.
NSLRiNRPsVLi[ @LigRisyU NSLRiNRPLRiV RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
LsT......
ARNRPWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[s Fs{qs= NSds @Li
gRisyU ZNP[LiRLi[ VRyLRiLi ARNRPWLRiV |qsNSLì xmsLjij[s @LigRisyU NS
LRiNRPLRiNRPV INRPL][ bPORPQ NSLRiNRPsVLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS xqsW
xmsLì\sLì RVsV sWRVRW @LigRisyU ZNP[LiRLi xmsLjij[s y
LRiVV, gRiLjiVV, LiRV, NTPa][LRiNRPNRPV AL][gRi xqsV @LijxqsW..
xmsVR*Li y*LS @LijxqsVs FztsQNSLSs xqsNRPsVLigS @LijLiys xqsW
LiyLRiV. [xms FxtsQNRPV gRiV\lLis zmssV gRiVLjiLiys, gRiLjiVsV Rxms
sxqsLjigS ssWRV P[RWs xqsWLiyLRiV. yLRiV ssLSds As\s[
ssWRV P[RWyLRiV.
s| md, md\ | ^yH

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): NRPNRPLì NSLSRVLi[s
lLissW ssLi[ aRPVNRPyLRiLi DRRVLi 10 gRiLi sVLi Fs{qs=, Fs{qs xms[
NRP zmnsLSRV j[R=sLi NRPNRPLì N][s aRPbPRLì AR*LRiLi[ sLRi*z
xqsVsV ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsV aS Dxms xqsLiyNRPVV sxmsoRNRPVsWLì INRP
xmsNRPs[ FyLRiV. NSsos RR, gjiLjis yRVNRPVV, xmsV RsV zmnsLS
RVsV s[LRiVgS NRPNRPLìNRPV @LijLiRsRs FyLRiV.
|esY djTs <sUdT #dT+&

bPLigRissV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) sVLiR xmsLjij[s 18 gSsV xmsLiy
RVd[ Ds Fs{qs=, Fs{qs \lLiRVV, sVz \lLiRVV xmsVR*Li xqs=U][ @Li
jLiP[ xmssLì }qsRVLRi\ZNP RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][ys sVLiR ssryRV @jNSLji
xmsss NRPVsWLì FyLRiV. ds RLRi sVVRLi LRiW.16,500 DLiRgS, Fs{qs=, Fs{qs
\lLiRVV, sVz \lLiRVNRPV xqs=UFsW LRiW.4950 @LijrysVs ARVs
FyLRiV. @lgi[ J{qs, d{qs \lLiRVNRPV xqs=UFsW LRiW.8250][ @Li
jxqsVsV ARVs }msL]yLRiV. xmssLì }qsRVLRiV NSy=s \lLiRVV sVLiR
ssryRWjNSLji NSLSRVLi[ RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][sRyLRiV. C @sNSaS
s \lLiRVV xqsj*sWgRiLi P[xqsVN][yyLRiV.
+{ ]& $<T<|+
dsT\qT |]o*dTq &{d \+ w
{qs FyLRiV. @LigRisyU ZNP[Liy[s LjiNSLRiVV
xmsLjibdPLi, ZNP[LiRLi[s FztsQNSLRiLi VVNRP xqsLRiV
NRPVsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ sLiNRP FnLi
n+>Hy& +< F #dTq &{d

[xtsQs xqsLixqs @RORPVV ALi sLiNRPsLRiryy
RVVRV, sVLiR DFyRORPVV xmss, U{ms NS
LRiNRPLRiV RLiRLiVV, @LigRisyU NSLRiNRPLRiV
FyyLRiV.
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi \ZNPsV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqs NSLiNRPV

NSLjiNRPVRV ds sRVyxmnsWysNTP gRiVLRiRWRV. VRyLRiLi sj
sLRi*x[ gRiLigS AL][ L][RV[ sRV` kFy sVLRisVRV P[xqsVLiRgS
sRVyxmnsWysNTP gRiVLRiRWRV. gSRVxmsTs @RTs rysNRPVV gRisVsLi
xqsLRi* yxqsNTP RLRiLiyLRiV. sxtsQRVLi VxqsVNRPVs s[VRVLì sVRsVLi
xqs*LRiWxms, xmsVsoLRiV NSL]lLi[LRiV AxqsZNP NSLjiNRPVTs xmsLSsVLji+LiyLRiV.
sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqs RLRixmnsQos LSy=s @s rNRPLSsW R*LjiRgRis
@Li[ RWrysVs s[VRVLì dsV ByLRiV.
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
nq+|s+ 5
+<|u
e X eTsD\T Z+#*
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): sWy bPaRPV sVLRiV RgjiLiP[LiRVNRPV NRPXztsQ P[RWs
H{qsUFsqs NRPW[LRiV G{qsU{msJ j[aRP*Lji xqsWLiyLRiV. H{qsUFsq c HFsqsFssH{ms xqsLiRVVNRP
AR*LRiLi[ VRyLRiLi @sLiRxmsoLRiLi LRiWLRi sVLiRLi H][ |qsNSLì @LigRisyU NSLRiNRPLRiNRPV
BLiNTPsVLi LjiLigì @F` (HFsG) bPORPQ syLRisgRiLì[ sLRi*zLiyLRiV. G{qsU{msJ
j[aRP*Lji, xqsWxmsLì\sLì .ygRisV, FyNRPV N`P N][ ALjis[Lì .sR LRiRWLRiV.
G{qsU{msJ sWRVRW @LigRisyU ZNP[LiRLi xmsLjij[s xms NRPVVLids gRiVLjiLiys, GLjiRW
sWms gRiVLjiLiys xqsWLiyLRiV. sWRXsVLRiV, bPaRPV sVLRiV RgjiLiys, [xmsFxtsQNRPV
e{&TTq @d&|z ~X]
gRiV\lLis rysV, sWsV zmssV RgjiLiRRs[V bPORPQ sVV D[aRPsVs }msL]yLRiV. @LigRisyU
ZNP[LiRLi xmsLjij[s gRiLjiVV, LiRV, Gyj[xmso, zms xqsW zmssV As\s[ ssWRV P[RWs FyLRiV.
nq+|s+
nq+|s+, eTTb*{, d{, nsH,
|+<T\qT s*+#*+<
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi \ZNPsV,
Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
xmsL][gRi sxtsQRVLi[
LS xms[[ [Rs, xmsLiRVsV
sgRiLSsNTP RWLRiLigS RLRiLiy=
Li[ss ALkiJ x}qs=sry xqsxtsQLi
P[aSLRiV. sgRiLRiLi[s xmsLiRVsV
sVyxqsVV xmsVNRPVs BRLRi
FyLiyNRPV dxqsVZNPVRVLiRgS VR
yLRiLi |msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV g]RsNRPV
jgSLRiV. xmsLiRVsV RLRiLiRysNTP
ds[Rs, @xqsV dsVlLisLRiV dss
dxqsVZNPysNTP @s ygS*ysNTP jgji
yT P[aSLRiV. C yRV[ BLRiV sLS
W gSRVxmsyLRiV. sxtsQRVLi NSry
sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqs @jNSLRiVNRPV
zqsLij. kLi][ ryRVLiRLi sgRiLRi
FyNRP xqsLixqs NSLSRVLi[
|+|+<s z V#]
|ejT @sT
#keT y\&
u$T, $<TY, { ks+
*k+
s[VRVLì sVRsVLi xqs*LRiWxms, ALkiJ

x}qs=s, RxbdPLì sVxW
uyV xmsLiRV |msLixmsNRPLiyLRisV
zmszmsLi sWyLRiV. yVgRiV
sVgS xmsLiRVsV sgRiLRiLi sVLi
RV FyLiyNRPV RLRiLiys
VRVy sLRiORPQLigS ssxLjiLi
RRs[V NSNRP xmsLiRVsV RLRiLiP[
XLiy\|ms yRVNRPV gRiRLi
xqs\lLiLij NSRs |msLixmsNRPLiyLRi\|ms ALkiJ
AgRixLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. xmsLiRV
|msLixmsNRPLi N][xqsLi xmsysVRVLigS

[VRV, sVds, Brys ARV
xmsLjixqsLRi FyLiy[ xqsV RWzmsLi
sxmsNUP, sNRPVLiy sLRiORPQ ][LRi][
ssxLjixqsW xmsL][gSs d
xqsVyLRiyLRiV. xmsxmssRVV,
@jNSLRiVV RLRiV Ljizmsy xqsLi
jLiRNRPFsRLi xqsLjiNSRyLRiV. Bxms
\ZNPy sgRiLRiLi sVLi xmsLiRVsV RLRi
syLRiV. kLi][ |msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV
LSsVNRPXxtsQ, LSsVLigRi, sVLjiN]LiR
sVLij ysVV xmsLiRV][FyV
NRPVVLisV dxqsVZNPLi[ sVVR
sNRP xqsRVFyRWV NRPLiy
yLRiV. xqsLi, dsLRiV, sRV` rNRPLRi
Li NRPLiys N][LSLRiV. @LiRVNRPV
ALkiJ xqsLijxqsW sVWRV ][ xqs
V RWzmsLiy sNRPVLiy BuysV
ryLRiLigS ssxLjiLiRRLi xqs\lLis xmsR

NSRyLRiV. |msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV dsVLRiV
RWzmss xqsV sLiNRP FyLiRLi,
sVVF~RV, LSV, gRiVV Dy
RVs, @NRPR sszqsLiRysNTP G
sWRLi g][[Rs @yLRiV. kLi][
ALkiJ sVL][ryLji xqsLijxqsW dsVLRiV
N][LRiVNRPVs ][[ xqsL RWzms.. s
NRP xqsRVFyRWV NRPrysVy LRiV.
20 FsNRPLS WsV NSys |msLixmsNRP
LiyLRiV N][LRigS.. sVVR xmsNRPLSV
RWxmsoysV ALkiJ @yLRiV. sLi
s[ xmsLiRVsV sgRiLRiLi sVLi dxqsV
ZNPyLRiV. dsVNRPV xqsLi][FyV dsV
}msLRiV\|mss[ xmsV xmsLizms P[}qs
xmsVR*Li][ sWRVysVyLRiV.
gRiVLRiVyLRiLi DRRVLi |msLixmsNRPLiyLRiNRPV
xqsLi RWzmsLiys RxbdPLì
|uT |<\T |\ n+~+# u< ss\<

ub eJ myT bsks~
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi \sRLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): xmsV
R* xmsRNS xmnsV xmsNRPV @LijLiP[ RR
LRidRV sy FyLki NSLRiNRPLRi[ss A FyLki
sW FssV[ FyLRiryLRij @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi
rysNRP FyLki NSLSRVLi[ GLSV P[zqss
s[NRPLRiV xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs sWyLRiV. xms
INRP NSLRiNRPLRi 200 NRPVVLiNRPV NRPxqsLìgS ssx
LjiLiys.. A NRPVVLiNRPV xmsVR* xmsRNSV
@Li[ sRLigS A NSLRiNRPLRi RLRiV dxqsVN][y=
DLiVLiRyLRiV. Ry*LS ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li xms
N][xqsLi xmsLizmsxqsVs xms \|msry xqsj*sWgRisVso
RVLiRyLRiV. Cs 30[xmso xqsR* ssWRV
NSLRiNRPsWs xmspLki P[RWyLRiV.

[ Bxms sLRiNRPV 2.70 ORPQ
xqsy*V xmspLRiRWRVyLRiV.
Fy xqsR* ssWRV NSLRi
NRPsVLi xmsxmsLiRLi[s[ INRP \sVV
LSLiVVgS sFLiVVLiRyLRiV. sgRi
LRiLi[ \sVyLki sWLRi sW d
RV yRVNRPVV xqsRV` xmnsRW
ks yyxmso 5 s[ sVLij \sVyLki
][ xqsR*Li P[LiVVLiy LRiyLRiV.
@LiRVNRPVgSsV ARVssV xqsysL
djT<|jEBHqT dHdTq ub H\T
yLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ `
NRPVsWLì, xqsVRLRi+s, J[ LRiRsVRV, . aSsV sVZaP |msRs, g][sLiRLSV, RLiRV
xqsVLiRLì, Aj ORPQsV, LRiWFy[s, sVdaRP*Lji, RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
bsTqT ]+ XK n|+#&+ VsDjT+

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
sgRiLRi bPyLRiV[ Ds s[xtsQs
FyLRiVsV G{ms WLjiLi aSNRPV @xms
gjiLiRRLi xL<RiRVsVs {qs{msH sgRiLRi
NSLRiRLji+ LigRisVRV }msL]yLRiV.
VRyLRiLi ARVs {qs{msH sgRiLRi
xqssV yRVNRPV][ NRPzqs s[xtsQs
FyLRiV[ bPLSsV sLS xmssV
sV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
LigRisVRV sWRVRW.. s[xtsQs
FyLRiVsV xmsLSNRP ZNP[LiRLigS
dLjijRysNTP sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqsNRPV
@xmsgjiLiRNRPVLiy G{ms WLjiLiNRPV
@xmsgjiLiP[ FsLiFsG xmsNRPLì
_RLji ]LRis RWxmsRLi @sLiR
dsRVsVyLRiV. s[xtsQs FyLRiVNRPV
NRPNRPLì aRPbPRLì \LRisgS
N]srygRiVsVsLiRVs bPLSsVLi
d| q>s s<]
*+>eTjT
GLSV P[zqs @sXjxmsLjiP[
RLRiV P[xmss N][LSLRiV. |qsso
L][[ zmsV ARVN][sysNTP GLS
V P[zqss A sxqsVsoV, RjRLRi
xmsLjiNRPLSV RVxmsVxms Fy\FRW
RVyLRiV. N]R A sxqsVsoV
GLSV P[zqs @s xLigRiV][
N]RgS FyLRiVsV dLjijj ARNRP
LRiLigS xmssV ANRPL<jiLiP[ sRLigS
xmsLSNRP ZNP[LiRLigS sWLRiV dxqsVNRPV
LSys ARVs N][LSLRiV. NSLRi
NRPsVLi[ {qs{msH sgRiLRi xqsRV
NSLRiRLji+ @{msLS, sgRiLRi NSLRisLRi
xqsVV CaRP*LRiRV, FsV
sVxWuysV A[bPLiyLRiV.
|msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV, @jNSLRiVV s[RV
[VRV xmsLjixqsLRi FyLiysV xmsLjibdP
Li, sLis[ s=N][ @j
NSLRiV][ sWT sRV` rNRPLRiLi
NRPLi, ds N][xqsLi [LRiV s[LiVV
rysVs ALkiJ FyLRiV.
sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqs NSLSRV
sVVT
sgRiLRiLi sVLi xmsLiRV
sV RLRixqsVs sVXLiRLi\|ms
|msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV g]RsNRPV jgSLRiV.
ARLRi+sgRiLì FyLiRLi[ BLRiV sLSV
ygS*yNRPV jgji yRVV P[xqsVNRPV
yLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi xmsLiRV |msLixmsNRPLi
yLRiV sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqs NSLSRW
s sVVTLiyLRiV. sgRiLRiLi sVLi
xmsLiRVV RLRiLiys VRVs
@jNSLRiVV @sV\ss xqsV RWzmsLi

RNRPVLi[ Fs @s R*sVyLRiV.
sNRP xqsRVFyRWV NRPWy
NRPLiRNRPs[ sLiRLi[ Fs s
yLRiV.
BxmsZNP[ ORPQj LRiWFy
RVV sVs P[}qs xmsLiRVsV
sVNRPV RLRiLiyLRiyLRiV. kLi][
syyLRiLi N][[LiVV L][RVsxmsy
sVyLRiV. kLi][ sgRiLRiFyNRP xqsLixqs
@jNSLRiVV FdxqsVNRPV xqssWyLRiLi
@LijL yLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi FdxqsV
xqssVORPQLi[ @jNSLRiVV, xmsLiRV
|msLixmsNRPLiyLRiV RLRiV LjiFyLRiV.
lLiLiRV L][[ |msLixmsNRPLiyLRi xqssVxqs
sV xmsLjixtsQLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV NRPXztsQ P[ry
sVs @jNSLRiVV dsV ByLRiV.
swHsT\ d+ 1.58 \\ <sUdT\T

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
sWRs lLi[xtsQs NSLRiV N][xqsLi yxmsLigS OSQ 58 s[
RLRixqsVV syRVs BsyLì UFsqsJ rgRiOUPQ FyLRiV.
RLRixqsVsV sWsV NRPsV y*LS xqslLi[* P[LiVVLiRRLi][ OSQ 17 s[
RLRixqsVV @L>RiVVgS gRiVLjiLiysVyLRiV. Cs 30s [k sLRiNRPV lLi[xtsQs
NSLRiV RLRixqsVV {qs*NRPLjirysVs FyLRiV. sP[ lLiLiRV s[ sWRs
NSLRiVsV xmsLizms P[rysVyLRiV. s sVLi [ 2907 lLi[xtsQs uyxmso[
CFyqs sysLi @sVV P[rysVs FyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi 504 uyxmso[ CFyqs
sysLi xmss[aRP|mssxmsNUP, @LiRV[ N]s xqssVxqsV ssxmsNUP ys
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiP[ jaRPgS RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVyLRiV.
fd <sUdT\T #dT+&
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): \ \|qsNTP N]LRiNRPV 40 aSRLi,
A \|ms sNRPR*Li Ds yLRiV RLRixqsVV P[xqsVN][ys sNRPLigRiV xqsxNSLRi
xqsLixqs s[Vs[Lì rsVlLiT FyLRiV. Cs[VLRiNRPV VRyLRiLi ARVs J xmsNRPs
sRVR P[aSLRiV. Fs{qs= xqs Fys xmsNRP xmsNSLRiLi @sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPV 60
sVLij aSLkiLRiNRP sNRPLigRiVNRPV sVWRV RNS \|qsNTPV sVLiLRiRW
RVyLRiV. sVLjis ssLSNRPV 08554c232380 sLiLìsV xqsLixmsjLi
yyLRiV.
H&T eT+ | nq+ s

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): LSxtsQ xqssWyLRi FLRi
xqsLiLiy aS sVLi yNRPL` xms LRixmnsVVyRlLiT gRiVLRiVyLRiLi @sLiRxmsoLRiLi
NRPV sxqsVsV NRPNRPLì N][s aRPbPRLì FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi LS 9
gRiLiNRPV NSgRiWR xmsaSLi FsN`P=|msqs \lLiV[ RVV[Lji gRiVLRiVyLRiLi
DRRVLi 5.25 gRiLiNRPV @sLiRxmsoLRiLi P[LRiVNRPVLiLRiV. sVVszqsxms @j
gRiXxLi[ saSLi dxqsVNRPVs @sLiRLRiLi @sLiRxmsoLRiLi, xmsoxmsLji sWNRP
sLS[s xmsV NSLRiNRPsW[ FysVsV NRPNRPLì FyLRiV.
H&T &jT jTTesY Cd

Hwq bsTqT d+<]+q d| HjT\T
yLSRVry*sV, RV, xqsVLiR
LRiLS, LSsNSds sW xqsLRiLi`
AaSd, yLRiV xqsVV RVsV,
sgRiLRi
xqssV
LRiN`PsVRW
FyyLRiV.
yRVNRPVV
RjRLRiVV
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):

xqsLiRVVNRP NRPNRPLì . OTPQNSLiRLi gRiVLRiVyLRiLi RRV
RVVsL` [zqs NSLRiNRPsWs sLRi*zLiRsVsV ARVs FyLRiV. DRRVLi
9.30 gRiLi sVLi 10.30 gRiLi sLRiNRPV lLi[xtsQs NSLRiVV, sRsxqsLRi
xqsLRiNRPVV, AyLì RjRLRi xqssVxqsV Ds yLRiV 08554c275594
sLiLìNRPV Fns P[RWyLRiV. ys xmsLjibdPLi, xqsR*LRi xmsLjiuyLRiLi
N][xqsLi NRPXztsQ P[rysVyLRiV. C @sNSaSs xmsV xqsj*sWgRiLi
P[xqsVN][ys [zqs N][LSLRiV.
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
+<|u
6 nq+|s+
|Tq+> <]r ~He+

RVxmso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss) WsWR xmsLjiLRiOTPQLiRVNRPV
xmsxmsLiR yxmsLigS RLjid j[R=ys LRiVxmsoN]LiLRis,
@LiRV[ gRiLigS VRyLRiLi sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[ bdP ss
NRPaS DFyyRVVV LSd sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C
NSLRiNRPsVLi[ zmss=Fy DsWxms LS sWRVRW
\qs\s xmsLkiORPQ sLRi*xNRPV RVxmso sVLiRsNTP ssV
FyLRiV. @LiRV[ gRiLigSs[ RLjid j[R=ys
LRiVxmsoN]sV FyLRiV. WsVs xmsLjiLRiOTPQLiRVN][yLi[
sV sLjisgS |msLiys, FyzqsN`PyRNRPLi, NSVxtsQLi
RgjiLiys ARVs N][LSLRiV. LSd[ ss NRPaS
<]r ~He s sVdTq $CH && X\ $<]qT\T

@yxmsNRPVV, y][FyyRVVV FyyLRiV.
~]
~],~] {H, ~] ss, \|\, >+&|+, q+T\|P\+,q\T, q\#sTe.
|]Vs C_ ne\| ;C| ssD $T{

nsTq sT\ HjT+
#jT&yT \+.. ;C|
NRPjLji, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss) sLiVxmsp NRPVLi
sVLiRLi[ rLì x GLSV ssVRLi
xmsVR*Li }qsNRPLjiLis 7,500 FsNRPLSNRPV
xqsLiLijLi rygRiVyLRiV\s @L>RiV\s \lLiRVsV
xmsLjiLRiLi y[ P[LRiNRPVLiy @sL>RiVsV
y[ P[Ljis dLRiV\|ms LRidRV sy FyLki
yRVNRPVNRPV @Lijs zmnsLSRV\|ms d[{ms
yRVNRPVV xqsLijLi 5 sVLij xqsV][ s
sLSLRi NRPsVs GLSV P[zqssV @|qsLid N][
NRPds*sLì ALì. xqsVLS }msL]yLRiV. VRyLRiLi

FyLki NSLSRVLi[ sLRi*zLis xqssWs[aRPLi[
yRVNRPVV sWRVRW s sLSLRi NRPsV
xqsV\s d[{ms xmsys NSLRiRLji+ sLiNRP
[aRP*LìlLiT, yRVNRPVV sLRizqsLilLiT, zms.s.xms
ymslLiT, xqsVLSgRiVxms, |msRsV gRiVLRiVyLRiLi
Fss{msNRPVLi sVLiRLi[ xmsLRiLiRsVsV
}msL]yLRiV. ZOP[QR ryLiVV xmsLRis[ @L>RiV\s
\lLiRVsV gRiVLjiLi @sL>RiVsV y sVLiT
]gjiLiP[ xmsVR*Li\|ms IT |msLiP[LiRVNRPV
xmsLRiLiRsVsV yRVNRPVV }msL]yLRiV.
ryLiZNP[NRP NSLRiV RWxmsoRW y NSLigS
xmsVR* WsVVsV rygRiV P[xqsVN]LiVs
@L>RiV\s \lLiRVNRPV xmsLjiLRiLi @LijLiRNRPVLiy BRLRi
FyLiR, BRLRi yxqsVsV xmsLjiLRiLi

y[ P[Ljis dLRiV\|ms ZOP[QR ryLiVV xmsLjibdPs[
gRiVLjiLiRsVsV yRVNRPVV }msL]yLRiV. @L>RiV\s
\lLiRVNRPV yRVLi Ljilgi[ sLRiNRPV \lLiRV xmsOSQs
s LRidRV sy FyLki LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li\|ms
IT |msLi @L>RiV\s xms \lLiRVNRPVVLisNTP
xmsLjiLRiLi @Li[ NRPXztsQ P[rysVs yRVNRPVV
}msL]yLRiV. ssLSLRi NRPsV xqsV][ FyV
sW FssV[ FsLiFsqs FyLRiryLRij, d[\sFsLi
LSxtsQ @RORPVRV Fsqs. sxtsQVsLRislLiT, LSxtsQ RR
sWLRi xmsys NSLRiRLji+ RVxmso gRiLigSRLì,
LSxtsQ NSLRisLRi xqsVRV L]RLi DRsVlLiT, [xms
LSsVNTPxtsQ, LSZaP[LìV, {ms LRisVsV, {ms
ALis[RVVV RjRLRiVV FyLiLRiyLRiV.
|uTdT| m<T d| <s
RVxmso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi

[s xmsVy*xqsVxms FsRV VRyLRiLi {qs{msH
yRVNRPVV RLS sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
{qs{msH NSLRiRLji+ Fsds LRisV, \lLiRV xqsLixmnsVLi NSLRi
RLji+ CaRP*LRiRVV sWRVRW RVxmso sVLiR
Li[ 16 xmsLiyRVdV, 32s[V y DLiR
yLRiV. xmsVy*xqsVxms \sRVV @LiRVV[
[NRPFsRLi][ xmsNRPV \sR NTPR=V @LiRRLi
[RyLRiV. yNRPLRiV rysNRPLigS syxqsLi DLiys,
}msR sVzNRPV NSsVV P[RWs, xmsV
y*xqsVxmsNTP Lijs gRiRV[ \|mss[V sNRPVV
syxqsLi DLiVyLRis yLjis d P[LiVVLi
@sVRgRiWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss) sVLiR

xqssVxqs\|ms sLRi*zLiysVN]s xqsLRi*xqs
xqssWs[aRPLi VRyLRiLi yLiVVy xmsTLij. C
xqsLiRLRiLigS xqsLRiLiRVLiy RsVNRPV ygRiVds
VV LiyLiW xqssV ds ryLiVV[
@RVN][sRLi][ FsLi{msUJ RLiylLiT xqssV
yLiVVy s[zqssV xmsNRPLiyLRiV. xqs
FyLRiLisVsgSs[ xqsLRiLi`Liy FTRVLi sRNRPV
P[LRiVN]s sVVR RsVNRPV ygRiVdsNTP
xqsLiLijLis VV Li xqssWs[aSs
sLRi*zLiRV N][ys xmsVLRiV. sVVLigS
[.ZNP.xms xqsLRiLi` xmss, A gSsV FsLi{ms{qs
RVsV, @sVRgRiWLRiV xqsLRiLi` gRiLigRiVsV,
NRPxqs=sVVRLi xqsLRiLi` [ZNP[tsQlLiT @jNSLRiV\|ms
AgRixLi sNRPLi P[xqsW xmsVR* A[aS s[VLRiNRPV
xqs=U LRiV sVLiLRiV[ NSds, BxqsVNRP Lki`
sxtsQRVLi[ gSds @s[NRP @sds, @NRPsWV ][V
P[xqsVN]LiVy @s[ds xmsxqsVysNTP @sxqsLRiLi [Rs,
gSsWNRPV xqsLRixmnsLS P[zqss ygRiVds LiNRPLRi
VsV Liys TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. @[
sRLigS sWsV NRPsV[ FsslLisLji }msLRiV
DyW RsVNRPV xqsxtsQLigS Fys N][LSLRiV.
xmspNRPVLixms xmsLiyRVdNTP LRiW. 7ORPQV,
@sVRgRiWLRiV xmsLiyRVdNTP LRiW. 6ORPQV, .ZNP.xms
xmsLiyRVdNTP yyxmso LRiW. 10 ORPQ sLRiNRPV ds
VV LSy=soLiRyLRiV. Bxms sLRiNRPV
@xmsVV P[zqs dss xqsLRixmnsLS P[zqs,
\syjNSLRiVNRPV By*s TsWLi` P[aSLRiV.

NSLRiNRPsVLi[ {qs{msH yRVNRPVV gRiLigRi LS,
gRiLigRiRV, sVNSLRiVs Fy yLRiV. C
sxtsQRV\sV yNRPLì xqsV[xtsQ [ss ss LRi
N][LRigS FyRsVNRP AL][gRi ZNP[LiRLi [ sVVgRiVLRiV
rymssLRiV=V DyLRis, IN]NRPLRiV 8 ]xmsVs
sRV[ DLi LRiyLRiV. sVLigRiyLRiLi
[xmsNTP Lijs .gRiLigRisV Axqs[
NSsV @LiVVsV FyLRiV. L][gRiVNRPV zqsLij
sRLi @LiRV V[ DLiVsV FyLRiV.
aRPVNRPyLRiLi sVLiRLi[s gRiLRisRVNRPV \sR
NRPR=V @LijxqsVsV FyLRiV.
sT Vsq p<sT\T
RsNRPV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiRLi[s LSs[xms xqsdsVxmsLi[
RsWRVRVs 15 sVLij RLRiVsV @RVxmso[NTP dxqsVN]s LRiW.
30,150 sgRiRVsV, 12 j*RNRP yxyV, lLiLiRV A[sV rysNRP FsqsH
LRis[VtsQlLiT ry*ksLi P[xqsVN]s xqsLigRi sjRs[V. VRyLRiLi 15 sVLij
RLRiVsV N][LRiV[ LRiVxmsLRi sV FsqsH LRis[VtsQlLiT FyLRiV.
` bdT|d\T |+|D d<+

ssWR, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR yxmsLigS C c xmsyLRiV Fyqs
xmsoxqsNS N][xqsLi 630 sVLij \lLiRVV RLRixqsV P[xqsVN]sV RxbdPLì
bdPsyxqsVV FyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi 165 xmsyLRiV FyxqsVxmsoxqsNSsV xmsLizm NTP
zqsRLigS DLisV Txmsp RxbdPLì bdPLSsVlLiT FyLRiV. sVLiR
yxmsLigS WsVV LjiNSLRiVsV AyLì][ @sVxqsLiysLi P[}qs NSLRiNRPsVLi
98 aSRLi xmspLji @LiVVsV RxbdPLì }msL]yLRiV.
dDT>T&T..!
sLRiVsoLRiWLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)FsxmsVRW @xms[ DysLiW
xqsyLiVV NRPVV ZNP[ J xms xmssj Ds xmnsLigS LRiWV sWLSLRiV.
GNRPLigS B[y yxsLi N]sVg][V P[zqs sVLki xmsLiyRVd dsRV[
xmsLRixqsVs dLRiV xmsLiyRVd yxqsVsV sxqsRWsNTP gRiVLjiP[rLij. sVLiR
Li[ xmssP[}qs J sVz @jNSLji RVs][ @NRPsVLigS VV y
P[RVRLi ss[ xqsRLRiV xms xmssjNTP yxs WgRiLi NRPgjiLiRs[ xqs\LRiV
ssxqsVyLiVV. @jNSLRiV][ RxmsVV P[LiVVLiRRLi y*LS yLjis
BLiRVNRPV gRiVLjiP[}qs xqsRLRiV xms xmssj s[ BLRiVNRPVs A sVz
@jNSLji FsLi BLiRVV FsRVL]LiL][ss yyV @jNSLRi
sLS[ ssrLiRRLi gRisVyL>RiLi.
<[y& >T{ deTd

ssWR, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[s RRyR yxqsVV
RsVNRPV Rgjiss ygRiVdsLRiLiR[Rs As[Rs sNRPLi P[xqsVyLRiV. xmsVR*Li
LiNRPLRi y*LS xqsLRixmnsLS P[}qs ygRiVdsLRiV lLiLiRV L][NRPV J sWLRiV xmsLizms
P[xqsVs NSLRiLigS ygRiVds xqssVxqs DsV yLRiV As[Rs sNRPLi P[aSLRiV.
xms L][ RsV NSdsNTP ygRiVdsLRiV @Li[ @jNSLRiVV RLRiV P[xmss
RRyR sVzV TsWLi` P[xqsVyLRiV.
d m<T +<q #dTq d| HjT\T
>T{ _\T\qT #*+#\+
ds+#Y\ sdq
dsdu deyX+ ysTT<
@xmsVFyRVsVs xmsxqsVRLi jNRPV][RNRP
gSsVxqsVLiy RsV BsRNRPV s
@RVgRiVRVLi[ ARxRV P[xqsVN][y
szmsrLi Rs AgRixLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. C
sRLigS xqsVsWLRiV gRiLisLRi FyV
FTRVLi sRs[ ss xqsLRiLi`Liy
@RVgRiVRVs xmsaRPNRPV GLi xqssWysLi
Fy[ jNRPV][RNRP @jNSLRiVV dsV
ssVLRiV. xqssWs[aRPsVLiy g]Rs][s[
LRiVgRiVRVLiRgS NRPdsxqsLi sW[ @sNSaRPLi
LSNRP @jNSLRiVLiy IN]NRPLRiVgS xqssW
s[aRPLi sVLi LRiVN]yLRiV. sxtsQRWs
>T{ _\T\| n~sT\qT \BdTq ds+#Y\T
gRisVsLis FsLi{msUJ RLiylLiT P[}qsj [NRP
xqssV yLiVVy s[zqssV xmsNRPLiyLRiV.
@lgi[ Ljigji sLRi*zLiP[ xqssWs[aSsNTP NSLRiNRPsVLi[ RxbdPLì Fs.lLiT, U{qs
ALìRWFsqs UCs zmszmsLi ygRiVds V DsW[s, FsLi{ms{ms sLiNRPLRisVsV, \sqs FsLi{ms{ms
sVLiLRiVNRPV NRPXztsQ P[rysVs }msL]yLRiV. RsOTPQ, @s aS @jNSLRiVV FyyLRiV.
+> >& $H\T |+|D

sLRiVsoLRiWLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)[LRiV so[ ds sxqs
NRPgjisoLiT, xmsaRPV xqsLixmsR Ds \lLiRVNRPV DRLigS gRiT sRyV xmsLizms
P[RVsVsV xmsaRPV\syjNSLji ZNP[aRPsRV }msL]yLRiV. \lLiRVV xmsyLRiV
FyxqsVxmsoxqsNRPLi, sRV` V][ xmsaRPV\sRaS[ RssV xqsLixmsjLiyyLRiV.
gRiVLRiVyLRiLi sVLiT gRiTsRy N][xqsLi @sxqsLRi\sVs \lLiRV sVLiT
RLRixqsVV {qs*NRPLjiLiRsVsV }msL]yLRiV. RLRixqsV yLRiVNRPV IN]NRPLjiNTP
2NTP[ ]xmsVs gRiT sRysV xmsLizms P[RVsVsV FyLRiV.
$<sT\ keTs |\ sVD

sLiVxmspNRPVLi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiRLi[s xmsVR*
FyRsVNRP, FyRsVN][sR FyhRiaS[ sRszqsLiP[ 3,5, RLRigRiRV
syLRiVNRPV VRyLRiLi sVLiR ZNP[LiR U DsR FyhRiaS[ rysVLRi
xmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zLisV FsLiCJ aRPNRPVLiR FyLRiV. rysVLRi xmsLkiORPQsV
UCU y][FyyRVV xmsLRis[ORPQ[ xmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zLisV AsV
FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi sLRi*zLis rysVLRi xmsLkiORPQNRPV 147 sVLij
syLRiVV LRiRWLRiyLRiV. gRiVLRiVyLRiLi 375 sVLij 8s RLRigRi
syLRiVNRPV rysVLRi xmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zLiRsVsV AsV }msL]yLRiV.
b~ |qT\T *+
e\d\qT s~+#*
RsNRPV, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiRLi[s ssR gSsW DFyj
NRPWdV sxqsV FNRPVLiy DFyj xmssVV RWzmsLiys G{msJ F[LRiRV
}msL]yLRiV. VRyLRiLi FsLi{msUJ NSLSRVLi[ ryLiZNP[NRP xqsRVNRPVV,
ZOP[R xqsRVNRPV][ xqssWs[aSs sLRi*zLiyLRiV. FsLiR s[TsV NSLRiLigS
DFyj xmssVV LRiVgRiVRVs FyLiy[ NRPWdNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs
xqsRVFyRVsV NRPLiyyLRiV. ygRiVdsLRiV, \sR xqsRVFyRVLi
@LiRVV[ DLi[ RWyyLRiV.
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
+<|u
nq+|s+ 7
zsT sT <sY nqTd+<q+ $~> qy<T #dT+&

RLRisLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sWNRPsLRiLi[s
JLRiV RsV JLRiV NSLRiVsV AyLì sLiLì NRPV sjgS
@sVxqsLiysLi P[xqsVN][ys Rx{qsLì sRVNRPVsWLji INRP
xmsNRPs[ FyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS AsV sWRVRW
C s 26s [ks |qsxtsQ \s NSLRiNRPsVLi[ gRiLigS
sWNRP sLRiLi[s 278 FLig` ZNP[Liy[ .FsJ.V
@LiRV V[ soLiLRis, BLiRsLRiNRPV AyLì sLiLRiV
JLRiV NSLRiVNRPV @sVxqsLiysLi P[xqsVN][s yLRiV sLis[
.FsJ.NRPV @LiR[RWs FyLRiV. AyLì NSLRiV
@sVxqsLiysLi P[RVs JLR NSLRiV gRiVLjiLixmsosV LRiRV
yTsVLT , Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)H.ZNP.zms.xqsLixmnsW
y*LS sVzNRPV LiNRPLRiV sVLiLRiV P[zqss
LRiVsV xqsNRPsVLigS Lis yLjiNTP Ljigji
LRiVsV Bs*NRPVLiy LiNRPLRiV sLRiORPQLigS
ssxLjixqsVyLRis, LRiVV Li N]s
xqsLisR=LSV gRiTy Bxms sLRiNRPV N]RgS
LRiVV sVLiLRiV P[RVNRPVLiy sVzsV ds
BLiRVNRPV gRiVLjiP[xqsVyLRis .T.zms.
NSLRiRLji+ gRiLigRiVNRPVLi g][Fy lLiT LiNRPLRisV
skaSLRiV. VRyLRiLi VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki
AR*LRiLi[ sLiRj sVLij sVzy xqsLixmnsW
xqsV][ H.ZNP.zms. NSLSRWs, LRidRV }qs
LiNRPVsV sVVTLi yLjiNTP ss xmsRLi
@LiR[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs
sWRVRW LiNRPV[ LRiVV Lis
sVzNRPV Ljigji LRiVV Bs*NRPFsRLi][
NRPVVLi FxtsQNRPV, zms RRVso N][xqsLi \|mss[
sNRPV sR @jNRP sUNRPV @xmsVVP[zqs ALjiNRPLigS
NTPFRVyLRiyLRiV. sVzV @s
LRiLigS[sV LSLi NRPVVLi FxtsQNRPV |msR
jNRPV NSys D[aRPLi][ 1994xqsLisR=LRiLi[
@xms sVVsVLi yLS RLiRVyRVVRV
y*NS xqsLixmnsWV GLSVP[zqs yLjiNTP RNRPVs
sU][ LiNRPV y*LS LRiVV sVLiLRiV
P[LiVVLi sVzNRPV |msR jNRPVgS syLRiyLRiV.
@xms sVLiT xqssogS rygRiVRVs sVz
xqsLixmnsWV LSxtsQLi[ NSLilgiqs FyLki @jNSLRiLi[NTP
LSgSs[ ys sLRiORPQLi P[zqs sVzNRPV
@yRVLi P[zqsLiRyLRiV. gRiR NSLilgiqs FyLki
xRWLi[ sVLiRLi[s N]LiRLRiV sNRPVV
RLRisLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)
xqsRryLiVV ygRiVds xmsRNRPLi[ xqsVsWLRiV 500
sVLij NSLjiNRPVV xmssP[xqsVyLRis, yLjiNTP 2015
ssLji sVLi Bxms sLRiNRPV sVWRV sVgS
xmsRNRPLi sLRi*x xmssVV P[RVVRVs NSLjiNRPVNRPV
Fs@L `. B.zqs.zqs. yLRiV s[RyV LiRNRPV
Liy NSLjiNRPVsV BLiRVNRPV gRiVLjiP[xqsVyLRis,
ks\|ms @s[NRP sWLRiV @jNSLRiVNRPV sssLi
sxmsNTP ryLiZNP[NRP NSLRiV zms s[RyV
LiRRLi [Rs yLRiV ds As[Rs sNRPLi
P[xqsVyLRiV. ks\|ms NSLjiNRPVV NRPNRPLì NRPV
sssLiyLRiV. BLiRV\|ms ARVs xqsLijLi sWLji
s[s[ @gjisVLiV F~RgjiLi NSLjiNRPVV
BLij xmsRNRPVLiy NSLiVVxmsR s[RyV
Liys A[bPLisxmsNTP NRPNRPLì A[aSsV
RVLigRi[ ]NTP NSLjiNRPVsV ds BLiRVNRPV
xmsLRiRVNRP RLRiV dxqsVN][sRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. JLRiV

NSLRiV @sVxqsLiysLi NSLRiNRPsVLi C s 30s [k[xmso
@sVxqsLiysLi P[RWs, yxyV NRPgji sos JLRiV
\sLigì \|qss=, ALì.zqs. ssLSV Vxmso LSN`P= xmss
.FsJ.NRPV @LiR[RWs FyLRiV. 1c1c2015 yNTP
18xqsLisR=LSV NRPgjisos yLRiLiRLRiW JLRiV y[
}msLRiV [syLRiLiRLRiV JLRiV NSLRiV N]LRiNRPV FnyLRiLi 6 y*LS
RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][ys Rx{qsLì sRVNRPVsWLji
xqsWLiyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ FssNRP Dxms Rx{qsLì
@aRP*LRiyLSRV FyyLRiV.
<ses+, <ses+{H, <ses+ ss, \|*, &eT] , eTT~>T
eTV d+|\ sTD\T eT+psT #jT+&

{&| s<] >+>T\+ >b s&
[gRiqs sVz xqsLixmnsWsV GLSV P[xqsVN]s
N][j LRiWFyRV xmsVR* Rys
][RVNRPVyLRiyLRiV. sVz xqsLixmnsW
GLSV[ N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiV FyR sosV
LRiVso @s*RLi][ N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiVV \VNRPV
sRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. [gRiqs xqsLixmnsWNRPV
LRiVV sVLiLRiV P[zqss LiNRPV @jNSLRiVV
ys LjiNRPsLki P[RVRLi[ sxmnssVRWLRis, A
sxmsLi][ sLiVVdgS xqsNRPsVLigS LRiVV
Lis yLjiNTP Ljigji LRiVV Bs*NRPVLiy
NRPVLiryNRPVV
VRW
NSRWxmss
P[xqsVyLRiyLRiV. Bxms\ZNPy LiNRPV @jNSLRiVV
xqsLijLi LiNRPV[ FsVsLi LjisWLRiVV
[NRPVLiy LRiVV Lis sVz xqsLixmnsWsV
gRiVLjiLi sLis[ yLjiNTP LRiVV sVLiLRiV
P[RWs [s xmsORPQLi[ VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki
sVzNRPV @LiRgS s FLSLi
P[xqsVysVyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ sVLiR
NRPs*sLì RsVLiRV, xmsys NSLRiRLji+
FsLi.bdPsyxqsVV, FyFyyRVVRV, RLji
sLiNRP[tsQ, xqsLì g_`, sVVVLì LRizsWs,
dsLRiVgRiLi sLiNRP[tsQ, FRRV ][ FyV
sLiRj sVLij sVz xqsLixmnsW xqsVV
FyyLRiV.
sTD\T y\+ n~sT\ $q |+

deT]dTq {&| HjT\T
u+ e< >T$TL&q eTV d+|\ duT\T
dksTT >T{ |<+ ]\T

gRiVLjiP[xqsVyLRis yLRiV As[Rs sNRPLi P[xqsVyLRiV.
NSLiVVxmsR s[RyV LiR[Rs NSLjiNRPVV
ALi][s P[}qs s[xqss[ xmsV ygRiVds N][xqsLi
ds BLiRVV FsRVL]LiLRis yLjis
BLiRVNRPV gRiVLjiP[RVNRPVLiy soLiys ysVV
aSLiRVVRLigS sssxqsVLi[ @jNSLRiVV
RsVsV xmsLiRVN][NRPVLiy BLiRVNRPV
gRiVLjiP[xqsVyLRis sVLiTxmsyLRiV. Bxms\ZNPy
@jNSLRiVV xqsLijLi RsVNRPV NSLiVVxmsR
yV @LijLiRNRPVLi[ ssR LRiWFy[
ALigRisVV 15, gRiRLi 15, zLik 10, @Li[

NSNRPVLiy BLiLRiW*NRPV 10 sWLRiVV
soLiRVs C xmsaSxmsysV FyhRiaS[
bPORPQ F~LiRVRVs .B., T.Fs`.
syLRiV][ xmsaS xmsyV sVjLixmso
NSLRiNRPsVLisV P[xmsRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV.
yLRiV sVjLis yV xmsysV
\|RLS` NRPV xmsLixmsRLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs, ks
AyLRiLigSs[ xmsVR* FyhRiaS[ bPORPQ
NSLRiNRPsWV soLiRVs ARVs FyLRiV.
C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ FsLi.B.J. yLSRLi
RyRVN`P, FsLi.ALìzqs. zqsLij LRis[VtsQ, bPORPQ
F~LiRVRVs syLRiVV FyyLRiV.
>dt | ne>Vq |+#Ty*

RLRisLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)xmsxqsVRLi FsLiR dsR @jNRPLigS soLiRRLi
s |`zms. gSqs ssWgRiyLRiVV gSqs ssWgRiLixms @sgSxs
|msLiF~LijLiRVN][ys ULì g][sLiRV _RLji INRP xmsNRPs[ FyLRiV.
gSqs d[NTP sos xqssVRVLi[ xmsgRiV gSs, LS gSs \ zqs*` Amns gSs
As NSs P[RVNRPWRRV. gSqs dZNP[ sosy [y @s sLSLjiLiRVNRPV
lLigRiV[Lì ]gjiLi ds RVNRP s[zqss][ @LiRV[ VRgRiV sRVsV.
[y dZNP[ sos][ dsVLRiV FsLi [xmso RVLSRV, [xmsoV
RVRLi s dZNP[s syLjiLiR[LRiV. dsVLRiV sLis[ W sV sWLRiV
N][ssV. lLigRiVlLi[Lì [ dZNP[ sos sLis[ gSqs NSLSRWsNTP
xqssWyLRiLi @LijLi yss sWLRiVN][y. dsV BLi sLiRV d zqsLi
RLì sos][ ysNTP }qs{ms NSms sV soLiRssV. gSqs ssWgRiyLRiVV
BLi sLiRV [NRPVy s[lLi[ gSsWNRPV ssxmsVRV zqsLiRLì sV sos
lLigRiV[Lì sV dzqss[zqs }qs{ms NSms sV soLis][ FsLi xmssWyV
LRigRiso. xms L][ gSqs zqsLiRLì ssWgjiLiP[ sVVLiRV lLigRiV[Lì sVLji
RVV Wms sV Rsd P[xqsVN][y. FsLiR FsNRPVsgS sos xms[aRPLi[ zqsLi
RLì sV soLiRLSRV. xms 5xqsLisR=LSNRPV INRPryLji LRiLRiV sV
sWLRiVN][sRVVsV. gSqs r sVLiRVsxmsoRV NTPL][zqss rs, FsNTPNRP
F~LiVV sLis NRPdsxqsLi INRP dsVLRiV RWLRiLi soLiRVN][sRVVsV. FsNTPNRP
\sLjiLigì zqs*` xmsgì FyLiVVLi NRPV NRPdsxqsLi INRP dsVLRiV RWLRiLi[ @sV LRiVN]
[sRVVsV. \|ms gRiRsV FyLi dsVLRiV dsV NRPVVLi xqsVV FsLi
xmssWyNRPV gRiVLjiNSNRPVLiy soLiys ARVs xmsNRPV szms P[aSLRiV.
d_&| |X>d+ |+|D
sTT|& yH\T #*+#+&
keTs+ >T]+| yTs y] eT~+|

N]RLRiVso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)
xmsVR*Li sWRsLigS syLRiV[s
rysVLSs gRiVLjiLiR ysNTP 3,5,8 RLRigRiRV
syLRiV xmssV gRiVLjiLiRysNTP yL<jiNRP
sVjLixmsosV xmss[aRP|msLiRs FsLi.B.J.
yLSRLiRyRVN`P FyLRiV. yL<jiNRP sVjLixmso
@yRVsLi[ gRiLigS VRyLRiLi sVLiR
ZNP[LiRLi[s FsLi.ALìzqs. NSLSRVLi[
FyRsVNRP, FyRsVN][sR Lijs 737sVLij
syLRiV xmsaSxmsysV gRiLiRRLi
LjigjiLiRs gRiVLRiVyLRiLi 8s RLRigRiNTP Lijs
syLRiV xmsaSxmsysV lLi[xmso gRiLiRRLi
LRiVgRiVRVLi Rs ARVs FyLRiV. sVVRLi 50
sWLRiVNRPV soLiVLiRs, VgRiV 15,
<ses+
RaRPyLjigS ALi][sV P[rysVs yLRiV

|RLjiLiyLRiV. LRigRi[so NSLRiNRPsWNRPV
Fs@Li`. ylLi[ xmspLki RR szLiy=
soLiVLiRs NSLjiNRPV xqssVxqssV Bxms\ZNPy
@LRiLi P[xqsVN]s |msLiTLigì s[RyV sVLiLRiV
P[RWs yLRiV TsWLi`
P[aSLRiV. C
NSLRiNRPsVLi[ xqsRryLiVV ygRiVds xmsRNRPLi
NSLjiNRPVV .LSsVRLiR, FsLi.|msR J[xqsV, Fsqs.
ssWks, Fss.xqsRyLSRV, zqs.LS[LiRlLiT,
RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
m+&y&$T
n&TTq H\T
yTsVLT , Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)L][ L][NRPV
|msLRiVgRiVRVs FsLiR s[TsV][ yV ssT
FRVyLRiV. DRRVLi 10 gRiLiZNP[ 40TgkiNRPLi[
DugRiRV yFRVLiRRLi][ yV B[ sVLiT
RVNRPV LSyLi[ Li[FRVyLRiV. FsLiR
s[TsVNTP][RV sRgSVV NRPWy ysV DNTPLjiNTPLji
P[xqsVyLiVV. BNRP DFyj NRPWdV, ss LS NRPWdV,
ssryRV NRPWdV xmsLjizqs yLRiVLigS RRW\lLiLij.
xmssNTP s[NRP BLi sR soLi[ xmspgRiRss xmsLjizqsRV[
ds BLiRVNRPV gRiVLRisoRVyLRiV. DFyj NRPWdNRPV
xmsVR*Li ygRiVdsLRiV, \sR }qssV, }tsQsVRWyV
s[LiVVLi dsRsV NRPLiys xmsVsoLRiV NRPWdV
@jNSLRiVsV N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
VNRPxmsLi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR xmsLjij[s yLji+Lixms,

yLji+Lixms yLiy \lLiRVNRPV VRyLRiLi g][FyN`P N][aS LigRiVLRiV
yLjiP[ gRiVWLRiV yaRPLi yLji AR*LRiLi[ xmsaRPV\syjNSLji
sZNP[aRPsyRVN`P P[RVdsVRVgS 80sVLij \lLiRVNRPV 30sV gRiTs
xmsLizms P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS IN]NRP \lLiRVNRPV 500 ZNP[ gRiTs xmsLizms
P[aSLRiV. g][FyN`P g][aS yLRiV T.T.V dzqs \lLiRVNRPV DRLigS gRiTs
xmsLizms P[aSLRiV.C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ xmsaRPV\syjNSLji sZNP[aRPsyRVN`P,
\lLiRVV FyyLRiV.
25 | sTT\T #*+#+&
VNRPxmsLi LRiWLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)xmsLiyLiVVd xmsLjij[s
VRRVgSLjixms, sNRPLixms, sgRiVxms xmsLjij[s NSLiVVV sos
yLRiV C s 25s [k[xmso NSLiVVV Liys xmsLiyLiVVd NSLRiRLji+
g_qs ry| FyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS A[NRPV \sVNRPV NRPVN]s
xmsLiyLiVVd[s gSsV dsRV gRiVLiy LjigRiVRV C s 25s[k[xmso
NSLiVVV sos yLRiLiy BLi xmssVV, N]LiVV xmssVV, sVgRiy
xmssVV Liys, [RLi[ N][LRiV y*LS xqssVsV Lki P[RVRLi
LRigRiVRVLiRs, zqsLij][ FyV dsRV[ \sVNRPV y*LS xmsyLRiLi
P[LiVVLiyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ xmsLiyLiVVd NSLRiRLji+ g_qs ry| ][
FyV xmsLiyLiVVd zqsLij FyyLRiV.
b~V$T |<+| dMT

LSsVgjiLji, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)DFyj sV xmsRNRPLi\|ms VRyLRiLi xqsdsVORPQ
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. xms xmsLiyLiVVd[sV 20NTP RgRiNRPVLiy FnyLRiLi xmsLi` xmssVV
xqsWLiyLRiV. @[ sRLigS LRiVso, NRPVLiV xmspTNRP dR xmssVV
P[xmsyLRiV. Fs{qs=, Fs{qsNRPV DRLigS xmspTNRPsV ][VNRPVs[LiRVNRPV \RsLi
dxqsVNRPVLSyyLRiV. N`P yLi sLS xmssVsV P[xmss xqsWLiyLRiV.
yLì |ts `, sNTPgRiR sVLRiVgRiV]R\|ms xqsdsVORPQ P[xmsLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[
Fs.zms.J. RVsV, NTPNRP @zqs|qsLiV, {ms @zqs|qsLiV FyyLRiV.
edT<jT es{+> kd{ ueq

sD X+KTk|q
LSsVgjiLji, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)sVLiRLi[s NRPVLisVj gSsVLi[
LiNRPV NRPNTPs xqsxNSLRiLi][ GLS\s sxqsVyRV sWlLiLigì r~\|qs
ss sLSsNTP VRyLRiLi aRPLiNRPVryxmss P[aSLRiV. LiNRPV NRPNTPs
ssryxmsNRPVV s[VLji W sVV @jRVVgS LRiRWLRiV. }qsLijRV
ssryRVLi[ xmsLiTLiP[ LRiV ysLi rNRPLRiLi N][xqsLi C sys
sLjixqsVsV FyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ 15 gSsW sVLi ss
}qsLijRV ssryRV xqsLixmnsW @RORPVV xqsVsWLRiV 200 sVLij \lLiRVV
xLRiRWLRiV.
8 nq+|s+
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
+<|u
XX |jq+ *> |P&r |qT\T #j*

NRPjLjis, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss):
sL<Ss xmsLjizqsRV
NSLRiLigS xmspTNRP][ Ds LRiVso
sVs xmsVR*Li \lLiRV F~[NTP
RLRiLiP[ RLRiV P[xmsRV][LiRs
NRPjLji sW FssV[ NRPLijNRPVLi
sLiNRPxmsry` }msL]LiW \lLiRVNRPV
aSaRP*R xmsWsLi NRPlgi[ xmspTNRP
dR xmssVsV sLRi*zLiys
@jNSLRiVNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. VR
yLRiLi FsLi{msUJ NSLSRVLi[
ssryRV aS, ds FyLRiVR aS
@jNSLRiV][ sLRi*zLis xqssWs[
aSsNTP ARVs sVV @jgS
LRiRWLRiV. ARVs sWRVRW
sWNRPsLRiLi[ xmsVR* sRV][
xmspTNRP d}qs LRiVso ssLSsV
@LijLiyyLRiV. sVgjis LRiVso
[ xmspTNRP dR xmssVsV RsR
NRPLijNRPVLi yLSRVsV }msLji
eJ myT
+~+ y+|k<
GLSV P[zqss yLjiV xq`s y*
LS xmspTNRP dR xmssVsV ysVV P[xms
sVsV @jNSLRiV][ }msL]y
LRiV. \lLiRV xmsWyNRPV |msR {ms
s[}qs Lki[ LSxtsQ sVVsVLi
RLiRVyRVVRV xmsV xmsRNS
sV P[xmsRVRVyLRis sW FssV[
}msL]LiW @jNSLRiVV \lLiRVNRPV
aSaRP*R xmsWysV P[NRPWlLi[ Lki
[ xmsNRPsV zqsRLi P[RWs
N][LSLRiV. gSsV NRPsV y*LS LRiV
so sVs F~NRPV @LijLiP[
NRPsV GLSV P[LiVVLi LRiVso
xmspTNRP sVs \lLiRVV xqsj*sWgRiLi
P[xqsVN]s RsV F~NRPV RLRiLiRV
N]s[ RLRiV P[xmsyLRiV. y
<|& deC eqy[

n+~+q eTVjTT&T H
d| s<] >Bwt
H |{ y\]dTq d| HjT\T
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): ALjiNRP @xqssWsR, ][zmsU [s xqssW
s sWsyNTP @LijLis sVxdsRVVRV ss @s {qs{msH NSLRiRLji+
gRiktsQ }msL]yLRiV. VRyLRiLi rysNRP {qs{msH NSLSRVLi[ ss
145s RVLi s[RVNRPsV {qs{msH sgRiLRi NSLRiRLji+ LigRisVRV @RORPQR
szLiyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsWsNTP sVV@jgS {qs{msH NSLRiRLji+ gRiktsQ
\lLi ss RxmssNTP xmspsWV s[zqs syVLjiLiyLRiV. gRiktsQ
sWRVRW.. xmsxmsLiRLi[ ssORPQR, NRPV ssORPQR [s xqssWLi GsR
LigS DLiVLi][ xmsWgSRNRPLigS ARLjiLi N]R xmsxmsLiys xqsXztsQLiyLRi
yLRiV. CL<Ri, @xqsWRV [s xmsxmsLiRLi N][xqsLi s[RV DRsWV LRiVgRiVRVy
RVLi[ @LiRVNRPV sVWNSLRiLi ss @yLRiV. sR, \sRLi \|mss[ xmsV
R*Li AksLi[ sLRi*zLi xmsxmsLiRLi[ GNRPRXs AjxmsRLi N]srygjixqsVs
@sVLjiNSsV RRs[ Lki[ LRiuysV N]R ILRisT[ sTzmsLiyLRis gRiVLRiV
P[aSLRiV. szms LRiuy[ @jNSLRiLi[NTP dxqsVNRPVs @gRigSsVgS sFyLRis
N]sRWyLRiV. WLRiVy FyLki @jNSLRiLi[ Ds [aS[ ss zqsyLi
ys RxmsNRP ARLjiLiy= srLiRyLRiV. ss AaRPRV ryRs N][xqsLi
NRPsVWsxqsVV NRPXztsQ P[RWyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ {qs{msH sgRiLRi xqsRV
NSLRiRLji+ @{msLS, VNRPLSRVxqssVVRLi sVLiR NSLRiRLji+ yLSRV
ry*sV, 9s Tss NSL]lLi[Lì xmsys, sgRiLRi NSLRisLRi xqsVV LS[ts
Qg_`, FsV yLSRVry*sV, yLiùy, RVOUPQ, RV, sV[xLì,
LigSLRiVuy, LSsVNRPXxtsQ RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
25q md &^ X\ +|dt +s\T

[FssRVW, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): sgRiLRiLi[s Fs{qs* Tgki NRPaS[ C
s 25s sF rymss[Lì NRPLi|msds AR*LRiLi[ NSLixmsqs BLiLRiW*V sLRi*z
LiRsVsV zmss=Fy FyLRiV. C BLiLRiW*NRPV dFs{qs=[ sW`=,
FssV{qs=[ G\y INRP gRiWxmso[ sLji xqsLisR=LRiLi RRVsoRVs syLRiVV
NRPWy @L>RiVyLRiV. BLiLRiW*[ FsLizms\ZNPs yLjiNTP ANRPL<RiRV\sVs RLi][
FyV FssV{qs= N][LRiV= DRLigS Rjs[ @sNSaRPLi sF NRPLi|msds NRPxqsVLiR
yLRiV. syLRiVV INRP L][ sVVLiRVgSs[ As\s[ }msLRiV ssWRV P[xqsVN][
yyLRiV. BRLRi ssLSNRPV }msqssVLi A{mnsxqsLì 9704204896 sLiLRiVsV
xqsLixmsjLiys xqsWLiyLRiV.
| s yTTqT
< rdTy*
[FssRVW, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
xms INRPLRiW INRP sVVNRPsV RRR dxqsVNRPVs, xqsLiLRiOTPQLiys
FssFsqsFsqs N][ ALjis[Lì [sNRPVsWL` xqsWLiyLRiV. sxLì sx
ryLiZNP[NRP sbP*yRV FsLidG syLRiV FssFsqsFsqs NSLRiNRPsVLi VR
yLRiLi sRVsgRiLì[ sVVgjizqsLij. RVVsR BLi NSLRiNRPsW[ sVVLiRV
LiT sTzmsLiy=s RR FsLi\y DLiRyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ FsLidG
sgSjxms RLiRsWxslLiT, syLRiVV RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
deyX+ e{&TTq eJ myT +~+ y+|k<

sV \|qsRLi xmsVR* xmsLRiLigS xmspTNRP
dR xmssVV P[xmss LRiVso[
NRPLijNRPVLi yLSRVsV yLjiV
xq`s y*LS LRiVso xmspTNRP sV
s \lLiRVV RLRiLiRVNRPVF[V
xmspTNRPdR xmssVsV P[xmssVsV

@jNSLRiV][ }msL]yLRiV. NSLRiNRP
sVLi[ ssryRWjNSLRiVV, BLji
lgi[xtsQs @jNSLRiVV FyyLRiV.
e{&TTq mHmdtmdt ]HsY <eesY
@C\ us+> e]q eT<Vuq |<+

H\\ s& _\T\ |+&+>
_\T\T s n|\ b\eTq @C\T
d&mdt sV |uTyT dsT\T
|+|D #j*
yLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): s RLRiT
VV |msLiTLigì[ DLiRRLi][ sVyx [s
xmsRNRPLi sLi Gds=NRPV LRiLigS sWLjiLij. C
syxqsLisR=LRiLi FyLRiLi\sVsxms sVLi V
Lixmso[ ds xmsLi LRiVgRiV][Lij. sVLiRLi
[ Bxms sLRiNRPV yVgRiV s VV |msLiTLigì
[ DyLiVV. ksNTP][RV sLi Gds=NRPV, |
LRiNRPV @Liy=s g_LRis s[RsLi 8 sVgS
LiR[RV. L][L][NRPW |msLRiVgRiVRVs NRPWLRi
gSRVV, gRiVR RLRi][ sLi Gds=V @xmsVV
P[RW=s xmsLjizqs GLRiTLij. RVV [NRP
yLSsNTP lLiLiRV gRiVRV |ms= DLiRgS, y
FyhRiaS[ INRP gRiVRV][s[ xqsLji|ms

RVRVyLRiV. C V xmssLi
syLRiV [sLi\|ms xmsTLij. C
syxqsLisR=LRiLi sVL][ lLiLiRV
L][[ s[xqss |qssoV sxqsVsLi
RVs RsV V gRiVLjiLi xmsLi
RVNRPVs[yLRiV DLiRLRis sLi
Gds= NSLjiNRPVV ALi][s
LiRVRVyLRiV. ss VV
Li @xmsV Lji sVLi NSFy
ys N][LRiVNRPVNRPLiVyLRiV.
|+&+> _\T\T #*+#*
e+ #dTq @C sVs\T (|)
Bxms sLRiNRPV |msLiTLigì[ Ds VsV

sLis[ Liys sVyx [s xmsRNRPLi
NSLjiNRP xqsLixmnsVLi sVLiR yRVNRPVV, {qsHRVW
yRVNRPVV xmsVyqs][ }msL]yLRiV. sVsW
xmsNSLRiLi sTLiys IT dxqsVs @jNSLRiVV

|msLiTLigì V Lixmso\|ms aRPR RWzmsLi VV
sVLiLRiV P[RWs As[Rs sNRPLi P[aSLRiV.
q ns{ sT
yLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
sVLiRLi[ sVVs
sLRiNRPV @LRi \lLiRV sVVLi[ AsLi
RLi ssLjizqsLij. sVLi jgRiVRV
V LSsRLi gjiVV RLRi DLiRLi
][ @LRi \lLiRVV xmsLisV
xmsLiTLiyLRiV. @s[NRP sVLij \lLiRVV
@LRirygRiV\|ms AxqsNTPNRPsxmsLjiyLRiV.
@LiR[s[ xmsNRPX \sxmnsLkiyV J
\sxmso.. @RVgRiLis RLRiV sVL][\s
xmso.. @LRi \lLiRVsV s[ sVVLiy
LiVV. kLi][ @xmsV E[ \lLiRVV
NRPWLRiVNRPVFRVyLRiV. @LRi @Li[s[
RVxms[ xmsLjizqsRVV sN]yLiVV.
sVLiRLi[s .xmsxmsp
LRiV, LiRyR, sLiNRPLixms,
gRiRLiylgi[xms, sVWlgi[sVLixms,
sLRiryxmsoLRiLi, sVNRPVLixms Rj
RLRi gSsW[ \lLiRVV @LRis rygRiV
P[xqsVyLRiV. ARW gSsW[ yy
xmso 200 FsNRPLS[ ][sV xmsLiTxqsV
z y| | ||+...
eTsy| |&bsTTq <s\T
]+> bTq sT\T
yLRiV. HylLi[VgS sVLi jgRiVRV
V LSsRLi][ @LRi xms sVLjiLiR
sVLij \lLiRVV AxqsNTP NRPsxmsLRiVxqsVy
LRiV. ksNTP][RV Dysss aS
xqs=UV BxqsW \lLiRVsV FR=z
rLij. @LiVV[ Bs ss
gSVNRPV, sRgRiLiR sL<SNRPV @LRi
\lLiRVsV s[ sVVLiyLiVV. sVLiR
Li[ INRP .xmsxmspLRiV gSsVLi[
Bs dss gSVNRPV IN][ \lLiRV
NRPV 2 sVLi 4 ORPQ s[VLRiNRPV xmsLi
sxtsQLi LjigjiLij. LRiW.ORPQNRPV ORPQV
|msVRVV |ms rygRiV P[zqss @LRi
][V @NS sL<SNRPV s[NRPW
LiVV. kLi][ @LRi \lLiRV ALjiNRPLigS
s NRPV[RWLRiV.
n&T>+{q ns{ <s\T

@LRi RLRiV IN][ryLji
gS xmsTFRWLiVV. lLiLiRV, sVWRV
s NTPRLi sV LRiW.10s[ sLRiNRPV
xmsNTPs RLRiV GNRPLigS RNRPVs RLRi
xmsVNRPVRVyLiVV. xmsxqsVRLi sV
@LRi LRiW.2500 sVLi LRiW.3s[NRPV
xmsTFLiVVLij. kLi][ @LRi \lLiRV
ds sVsryFysNTP gRiVLRisoRVyLRiV.
FsNRPLSNRPV LRiW.ORPQ s[VLRiNRPV |msVRVV
|ms xmsLisV rygRiV P[aSsVs, @LiVV
[ BxmsVRV FsNRPLSNRPV LRiW.30 s[V
NRPWy sP[ xmsLjizqsRVV [ss @LRi
\lLiRVV gRig][V |msRVRVyLRiV. RLRiV
@RVgRiLiFsRLi][ @s[NRP sVLij
jgRiVRVsV ][[s[ sR=s
xmsLjizqsRVV sN]yLiVV.
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
nq+|s+ 9
+<|u
>+& dT eT\T yd
#T\T <T\T|q n~sT\T
$<TY Bb\T
N{eTjT+> e]q nqT+|*
yLj i NT P
dXe\ =f |sT bsTTq b

ZaPWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M
sVLiR xmsLjij[s @sVLixms
gSsV xmsV xqssVxqs sRVLi
[ NRPVN]s N]V sVRVRVy
LRiV. INRP \sxmso @L>RiV\s sXRVV
zmsLi Rs N][xqsLi NSLSRW
RVW xmsROTPQVP[zqsy zmsLiRsV
sWRLi @LiRs yORPQ
sWLjiFRWLiVV.
kLi][
xmsLiRVNRPV @jNSLRiV RVW
LRiVgRiVRVy G][ INRP sLiNRP][
yLjis xmsVRVyLRiV RFy
sWRLi
zmsLiRsV
sVLiLRiV
P[RVRLi
[RV. gRiR 7
sV NTPRLi NRPVLjizqss
sL<SNRPV @sVLixms LRiVsoNRPV
gRiLiT xmsTLij. kLi][ LRiVso[
sVs soLiy=s sLRiLiy
sXygS sWLjiLij. LRiVso
yyNRP sVLRisVRV N][xqsLi
LRiW.5ORPQV sVLiLRiV P[zqsLij.
@LiVV[ @jNSLRiVV sWRLi
LRiVso gRiLiTNTP BxqsVNRP sVWV
sW RLi s[zqs sVsNRPVLiT
FRWLRiV. FsxmsV\y sL<RiLi s}qs
LRiVsoNRPV sVLji gRiLiT xmsRRLi][
FyV LRisoV dsLRiV sXy
@sRLi][ FyV LRiVso gRiLiT
NTPLiR sos Fs{qs= NSds[

sszqsxqsVs xmsNRPV ds BLij
xmsy= soLiVLiRs A NSds
yxqsVV, \lLiRVV yFRVyLRiV.
@[ sRLigS xmsaRPVso ds ][
aRPVLi P[RVNRP FsRLi][ Fyzqs
}msLRiVNRPV FLiVVLij. kLi][ A dss
ygjis xmsaRPVsoV NRPWy L][gS
Ljis xmsRVRVyRVs \lLiRVV
As[Rs sNRPLi P[xqsVyLRiV. INRP
\sxmso xqs*R LRi` @LiVyLRiV
NSs xmsaRPVso ][ }msLRiVNRPV
FLiVVs Fy NRPWy ]gjiLiRRLi
[RLiW xmsV yFRVyLRiV.
@[sRLigS ygRiVds LiNRPV
RVW sVLjiRVV LiNRPV[ NRPWy
Fy }msLRiVNRPV FLiVV @s[dss
ygS=s RVzqs sN]LiRs
gSsVxqsVV As[Rs sNRPLiP[xqsVy
LRiV. @[ gSsV FyhRiaS[
syLRiVNRPV ygRiVdsLRiV [NRP yy
BLiRVV xmsRVRVyLRiV. FyhRiaS

sR sos P[ xmsLixmsoNRPV sVLRi
sVRVV P[RVNRP FsRLi][ ygRiV
ds N][xqsLi ssryRV ][sV
syLRiVV AaRPLiVVLiy=s RVzqs
sN]Lij. @[ sRLigS gSsVLi
[ sRV` kFyV s[RVNRP Fs
RLi][ LS xmsp NRPNRP dNRPgS
soLiRRLi][ xmsV RVNRPV
LSsysNTP RWLi][ sNRPV gRiVLRi
soRVyLRiV. INRP \sxmso sxtsQxmsoLRiVgRiV
V sVLjiRVV @RssVXgSV sry
WsVss LS s[[
RVNRPV s [NRP FRVysVs
gSsV xmsV yFRWLRiV. @[
sRMgS @sVLixms sVLi sVVNRP
[RV, @sVLixms sVLi ryxmsoLRiLi
NRPV s[ L][RV NRPLiNRPLRi [ soRRLi
][ A L][RV\|ms s[ j*RNRP yxs
yLRiVV \|qsRLi RV LiRVNRPV
& d<dT \eTsT m+|| HjuqT

n_q+~+q myT u\w
zLiRWxmsoLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss xmssj) :
xmsLiyLiVVdLS j[R=ys xmsoLRixqsLjiLiRVN]s
[aRP LSys Td[ C s 23, 24 [k[
sLRi*zxqsVs dRV ryLiVV xqsRxqsV=NRPV sV
RWLRiV FsLizmszms _RWsV FsLizmsNRPRWLRiV.
xms sVLi sVVgRiVLRiV xms xmssRVNRPV
Td sVLi A*sLi xmsLiFyLRiV. @sLiRxmsoLRiLi
sVLi A*sLi @LijsyLji[ T \LRi
s RsVsry, sVRWLRiV FsLizmszms _RW
sV, NRPs[NRPV sVLiRLi sWLi xmsLiyLiVVd
xqsLRiLi` a][ DyLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV C sVVgRiVLRiV
VRyLRiLi \|RLSRV sVLi ssWsLi[
TdNTP RVV[Lji sLRiV. @LiR

NRPV sVVsVxmso FsLizmszms _RW
sV, RLiRRLiRV LSxtsQ DFyR
ORPVV @s=Lì @x`, sVLiR
U{ms yRVNRPV V sVsW=Lì
@x`V zqsdssVRV, zLiRW
xmsoLRiLi aSxqssxqsVV sLiRsVWLji
NTPxtsQsV ARVs xqs*gRiXxLi[
sVLSRxmspLRi*NRPLigS NRPaSLRiV. _
RWsVsV RV xms[NRPLi
gS @sLijLiyLRiV. @sLiRxmsoLRiLi
sVLi Td xqsR xqsV=NRPV A*sLi @Lijs
G\ZNPNRP FsLizmszms _ RWsV Rs zLiRWxmsoLRiLi
sWNRPsLSsNTP LijsyLRiV NSsRLi xL<jiLiR
HjuqTqT n_q+~dTq myT u\w

RgRi sxtsQRVsVyLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs
xmsFyRssV RV AsVNRPV @LiR[aSLRiV.
neHq\ # \|+&
#se >+& dT eT\T ydq <X+

gRiVLRisoRVyLRiV. kLi][ RLRiVRV soRVysVs As[Rs sNRPLiP[xqsV
xmssWyV ][V P[xqsVNRPVLiVy yLRiV. Bxms\ZNPy xqsLiLijR @j
LiVV. xqsV=[ xmsRWLi P[}qs xms NSLRiVV xqsLij gSsVLi[
RWNRPVV A L][RV\|ms s[ sN]s xqssVxqssV xmsLjixtsQLjiLi
xmsVRV yy BLiRVNRPV gRiVLRi ys xmsV N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
s&T| +s*q <X+
26q n+&sY`16 T m+|

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) ALiy NTPZNP xqsLixmnsVLi AR*LRiLi[
sLRi*zLiP[ @LiRL` NTPZNP F[ Fys[ @LiRLìc16 @sLiRxmsoLRiLi
VsV Cs 26s [k AjyLRiLi DRRVLi 9 gRiLiNRPV rysNRP
@sLiR NUPy gSsVLi[ |qsORPQs= sLRi*zxqsVsV NTPZNP xqsLixmnsVLi
NSLRiRLji+ dALì xmsxqss FyLRiV. |qsORPQs= LSLis yLjis
FyV=NRPV FsLizmsNRP P[zqs yLjiNTP |qsORPQs sW`V sLRi*zLi @sLiRLRiLi
V FsLizmsNRP P[rysVyLRiV. AxqsNTP gRi NUPyNSLRiVV 1999 |qs|msLiLì
1s [k RLS*R xmsos yLRiV sWRs[V @L>RiVyLRiV. |qsORPQs=[
FysRs NUPyNSLRiVV RsV sRVxqsV= RXdsNRPLRi xmsRLi, NTPZNP
RVWsFnyLRiLi, r~LiR NTPZNP NTP][ LRiV NSyyLRiV.
s+&T y\ eT+~
VqTeH #k bsjTD eTVjT+
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) [NRP NRPLRiLi
ZNP[LiRLi[s xmsLjixtsQ` FsRVLRiVgS Ds gRixms xqsysLiR
AaRPsVLi[ VRyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi 5 gRiLiNRPV xmnsVsLigS 2 s[ sVLij
NRPV][ GNSLi[ xsVsWs ydry FyLSRV sVRVs
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. gRixms xqsysLiR ry*sV, RR sRWsLiR
dLRiry*sV xqssVORPQLi[ NRPVV xsVsWs ydrysV FyLSRVLi P[aSLRiV.
d] s\jT+ m<T es\ ussTT+|.. &md yVH n&Tq +<Te\T

N]RLRiVso, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sW @sV,
ys ARWNUP xmsLiT @LiW xmso xmsLji
sVLiRLi NRPLSNRP ylgi[xmsNTP Lijs bdPs yxqsV
V, ryRVsV RLixmsRV NRPVsWlLiV xqsVsV R,
xqsVRV LiRVso][ NRPzqs VRyLRiLi N]R
LRiVso FdxqsV xqsLji NSLSRVLi FsRV ALi][
sNRPV jgSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS yLRiV sWRV
RW sVLigRiyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi RsV RRLiRV
sV {qsH bdPRLì VNRPxmsLi, xmsoxmsLji FsqsHV
dxqsVZNPLRiyLRiV. BxmsV[sW RsV RRLiRV
sV RWxmsRLi [Rs yFRWLRiV. yLji ARWNUP
Bxms sLRiNRPV xmsRLi [Rs FdxqsVsV xmsbP
LiyLRiV. xqsLji NSLSRWsNTP ss UFs{qs
s[Vg][FysV NRPzqs.. RRLiRV ARWNUP

Fys TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. [NRPVLi[ yxys
sVVLiRVNRPV NRPRdsRV[sVs @RVNRPVyLRiV. A
RWNUP VxqsVN][sysZNP[ ysV RVNRPV sVRV
yss xmsRLi][ yLRiV @RV ]gji yLji
ByLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi {qsH bdPRLì s[NRPLRiV][ sW
RVRW NRPLSNRP ylgi[xms xqsdsVxmsLi[ Ds bdP
ryLiVV xmsaSLi FsRVZNP[xtsQs xqsV AxqsVNRPV xqsLi
LijLi bdPsyxqsVV sVLjiN]LiRsVLij sVR
syRLi LRiVgRiV][LiRyLRiV. C s[xmsRLi[ Fy
hRiaS sRNRPV sLSRs xqsLji NSLSRWsNTP
bdPsyxqsVV][FyV ARVs LRi ryRVsV
sV dxqsVN]ysVyLRiV. aRPVRLiR @s[ sNTP N]
LiR NSLigS RsVsV s[jxqsVyRs, A NRPsVLi

[ Rs LRi\|ms @xmnsWLiVVysNTP \|qsRLi Fyy
Rs bdPsyxqsVV RsVNRPV zmnsLSRV P[aSRyLRiV.
C s[VLRiNRPV aRPVRLiR @s[ sNTP\|ms ZNP[xqsV ssWRV
P[zqs, gSRVxmsTs ryRVsVsV NTPR= N][xqsLi LRi
bdPsyxqsVVsV dxqsVNRPVs sVLigRiyLRiLi @LRiLS
sVz x[LigSLRiV][FyV BRLRiV NSs}qsVsV
yLji sLi xmsLizms |mssVN]LiR xmsVy*xqsNTP
xmsLizmsLiysVyLRiV. @LiVV[ yLRiV VRyLRiLi
yLRiVsVVs HRV gRiLi xqssVRVLi[
yg]rysVs zms NRPszmsLiRNRPVLiy sFRWLRi
s {qsH FyLRiV. ks\|ms sVzqs=Ligì ZNP[xqsV ssWRV
P[zqs, yLji ARWNUP N][xqsLi gSxqsVsV FyLRiV.
|P\T sVdTq d<q+<k$T
d dT\qT |qsT<]+#+&
L], Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss):
L] sVLiRLi[
LSs[[ s[ lLiLiRV ALki{qs
xqsV=sV ]gjiLiRRLi s
xmsRWNRPVV ds BLiRVV
xmsRVRVyLRiV. sVRNRPbPLRi[
ryRVLiRLi 5 gRiLiNRPV sj
sVTlgi[bP, gRiVR gRiVLji, lLiTx

dsVRVgS LSNTP L]NRPV P[LRiVN]s
\s` P[xqsVLij.
CxqsV= Ljigji
yLRiVsVVs bPLSNRPV RVV
[LRiVRVLij. yLRiV sVVs
CxqsV= [NRPFsRLi s
350 k\ _jT+ dC
DLRisN]LiR, Gzms 22 (ZNPFss
Fss ): DLRisN]LiR[s \Fyqs xqsdsV
xmsLi[ Ds gRibdP sWRLRis \lLiqs
sVV RWsWsLi \|qssV=
[NRPVLiy sRVxmsoRVLiRLi][ VR
yLRiLi yRVV sLRi*zLi, 215
RVLi ryV, 135 ry
sRV {qs P[zqssV {qsFsqsU ALi
s[RVVV FyLRiV. LiVVLi NRP
NRPL` A[aS s[VLRiNRPV yRVV sLRi*
zLisV FyLRiV. xmsVR*
AyRWsNTP gRiLiTN]RVRW \lLiqs
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
+<|u
10 nq+|s+
F #dTq dmdt&{
sVVsV sRVxmsoRV
yLRiyLRiV.
C
yRV[
ALìH
ylgi[tsQ RjRLRiVV
FyyLRiV.
dC#dq _jT+
yLRiVsVVs bPLSNRPV xmsp yFy

LS N][xqsLi s=s yFy
LRiVV, BRLRi xmssV\ZNP s[
xmsRWNRPVV ds BLiRVV
xmsRVRVyLRiV. @Li[NSNRP sVRNRP
bPLRi[ ryRVLiRLi 6 gRiLiNRPV
sj L]NRPV 8 gRiLiNRPV
P[LRiVN]s bPLSNRPV sVRVLij.

CxqsV=sV dzqss[RVRLi s
xmsRWNRPVV BLiRVV xmsRV
RVyLRiV. ALki{qs RW sWsLi
xqsLijLi xqsV=sV xmsosLRiVR
LjiLiys L] sVLiR xmsV
N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
MTs|s+ eTT\ T+u\ ]kjT+

][ s ,
Gzms22
(ZNPFss Fss )
L][RVxmssWRLi[
sVX Lijs
NRPVVLiNRPV ][s
V gRiV[aRPLi FyLki
BsyLki ZNP[C.xms
yms @LRiVR
e{&TTq &H &md
s=FLRiV RW
sWsLi][ sWT sVXRV NRPVVLiNRPV LRiW.1 ORPQ, dsLigS
gSRVxmsTs y LjiNTP LRiW.25s[V ]xmsVs ALji NRPryRVLi @LiR[RVysNTP
IzmsLisV ][s TFsqszms zmsFss.V FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi TFszqs
NSLSRVLi sLiRV GLSV P[zqsy s[NRPLRiV xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs
sWRVRW lLiLiRV L][ NTPRLi Fyzms sVLiRLi Fss.LSRLRi,
gSLRijs gSsW sVR Ds sLS gRiVLiRLi RgRiLRi Ljigjis L][RV
xmssWRLi[ ALRiVgRiVLRiV sVX LiRgS, ALRiVgRiVLjiNTP dsgS RW\s
xqsLixmnsVs zqss[. @[ sRLigS lLiLiRV sVWRV L][[ \sLRiNRPV
@sgSxs xqsRxqsV=sV GLSV P[xqsVsV ARVs }msL]yLRiV. C
xqssWs[aRPLi[ Fyzms zqsH xmsry` RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
VdsY s\jT+ d+<]+q &d
VdsY s\jT+ &|P{ sY lydT\T

sVRNRPbPLRi s, Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss): rysNRP RxbdP LRiV NSLSRWs
|qsxtsQ Txmsp NRPNRPLì bdPsyxqsVV xqsLiRLji+LiyLRiV. ARVs sWRVRW
ysV L], @gRi[ dsTW NSslLis= [ Fys sVRNRPbPLRiNRPV sy ss
ARVs FyLRiV. RxbdP Lì LRis[VxtsQs, FsLi{msUJ dsxmsNRPLìg_`sV
ygRiVds sxtsQRV\sV sVLjiRVV dsLRiV V, zmsLiRs sxtsQRVLi\|ms xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRiV.
BLiNRPsW xmsV @sXj NSLRiNRPsWsV @Tgji VxqsVN]yLRiV.
VdsY s\jT+ fqsH

@gRi, Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss): sVLiR ZNP[LiR\sVs @gRi RxbdPLRiV NSLS
RVLi[ VRyLRiLi NRPNRPLRiV @RORPQRs dNSslLis= sLRi* zLiyLRiV.
CdNSslLis=[ dsLRiVV NSLRiNRPsVLi, zmsLiRsV, ygRiVds rNRPLRiLi,
RjRLRi @LiaS\|ms NRPNRPLì xqsdsVORPQ sLRi*zLisV FsLi{msUJ sLRizqsLixsVWLji
FyLRiV. CdNSslLis=[ ALìH RLiRZaP[Lì, FsLi{msUJ sLRizqsLixsVWLji,
dsALì[V RLiRZaP[Lì, sLRizqsLixsVWLji, xmsNSa`PV FyyLRiV.
eTsT>T<=& _\T\qT eT+psT #jT+&

@gRi, Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss): sVLiR xmsLjij[s zms.TlgiLRi, @gRi,
LSsoT, BsgRiWLRiV, LSsVsxms, RjRLRi @s[NRP gSsW[ yLRiVV
sNTPgRiR sVLRiVgRiV]R sLSLi xmssVV xmspLjiP[xqsVN]s V N][xqsLi sLkiOTPQxqsV
sV yLRiVV yFRWLRiV. xmsVR*Li sVLRiVgRiV]RV sLjiLiRVN]s
yLjiNTP 3c4NRPV LRiW.12s[V, 4c5NRPV LRiW.15s[V ]xmsVs VV sVLiLRiV
P[rysVs xmsVR*Li xmsyLRiLi P[zqsLiRs, NSds Bxms sLRiNRPV AVV
sVLiLRiV NS[Rs yLRiVV As[Rs sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. ysVV @xmsVV P[zqs
sNTP gRiR sVLRiVgRiV]RV sLjiLiRVN]ysVs, sLis[ xqsLiLijR @jNSLRiVV
]LRis dxqsVN]s sVLRiVgRiV]R sLSLi xmssVV xmspLji P[xqsVN]s yLRiVNRPV
sLis[ VV sVLiLRiV P[RWs szms P[aSLRiV.
&m& $<sT\# eT+q+
se\jT+ myT | |P\T
|P\T sV+q myT ~sT\T

|P\+<T+Tq dseTk$T ysT
][s, Gzms22(ZNPFssFss)M ][s sVLiRLi[s [yRVLi[ xms[NRP xmspV ][s FssV[
FsLRigRiVLi gSsVLi[ VRyLRiLi bdPLSsVV VgRis LSlLiT sLRi*zLiyLRiV. FsLRigRiVLi gS
sVLi[ sWRsLigS GLSV P[zqss LSsVV

[yRWsNTP sWRs R*xqsLiLi xmsxtsQ NS
LRiNRPsWsNTP ARVs sVV @jgS x\lLiRW
LRiV. DRRVLi 10 gRiLiNRPV gSsWsNTP P[LRiVN]s
LSsVV [yRVLi[ xmspV sLRi*zLi, gS
sV xmsV HNRPsVRLi][ N]srygji, gSsW
sXj N]LRiNRPV FyVxmsys ARVs gSsV xms
sV N][LSLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi ][s xmsLi[s OTPQ
xmnsLiORPQs sLiRV sLiNRPxmsoLRiLi gSsWsNTP Li
js \sFsqsALì FyLki NSLRiNRPLRiNRPV Lijs sy
s[RVNRP[ ARVs Fys, sWRs sRWsLRiV
sV AbdPLRi*jLiyLRiV. ARVs sLi FyLjiaSsV
NRPs[R sVxmsoLRiLi NRPXuylLiT, ][s sW FsLi
zmszms sxqs LSsVNRPXxtsQ, ][s sW zqsLigji sLi
][ @RORPVV rs[VtsQRWRs, sygjilLiT,
\sNSFy NSLRiNRPLRiV FyyLRiV.
$<s+>+ d+u+.. du s*s+&

][s(s), Gzms22(ZNPFssFss)M
LSxts xmsVR*Li sy LRiLigRiLi[
xqsLixqsLRisV s[gRisLiRLi P[zqs NRP
xqsLì FyhRiaSsV GLSV P[RVy
sNTP NRPxqsLRiRV P[xqsVsRs, 32 s[
FyhRiaSsV LRiRV P[}qs A[Rs[
DsRs RVVFsmns LSxts g_LRis @
RORPVRV Fss.sLRizqsLixRV Fy
LRiV. VRyLRiLi FyLidRV RVV
Fsmns NSLSRVLi[ RVVFsmns
ssryxmsNRP xmsys NSLRiRLji+, @
sVLRis @FyLji sLiNRPry*sV 14
s sLRiLi xqsLiRLRiLigS ryLRiN][Fy
yxqsLi @sLiRxmsoLRiLi RNRP xms
LjixtsQ`[ LRiVgRiVRVLiRs ARVs
FyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs
sWRVRW syLRiLigRiLi[ sxqsV

s @aS{qsQRV xmsLj sWsV R
LjiLiRysNTP LSxqs xqsVV bdP
{qsyLRiLi GRWLji, xqsW RLRi |mns
RlLi[xtsQs ALiTRW dRV DFy
RORPVRV bdP LS[LiRs, zmsTFsmns Fs
sVd=V ALRiV sVLij s.xqsV
xLi, \s.bdPsyxqsVVlLiT, y
lgi[aRP*LRiLSso, aRPLRi, lgi[RWsLi`, LSLi
xqsWLRiLSsoV xqsNRPV xL_RV
yLRis ARVs FyLRiV. RVV
Fsmns LSxts yRVNRPR*Li[ LRiVgRiV
RVs LSxts sy |qssVyLìNRPV RLRi
LSys ARVs zmsVxmsosyLRiV.
C xqssWs[aRPLi[ RVVFsmns sVLi
R aS @RORPVRV Fs{qs*. xmsry
@gRi, Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss): @gRi sVLiRLi[s @s FyRsVNRP,

FyRsVNRP FyhRiaS sVLiT 3sRLRigRi, 4sRLRigRi syLRiVV LSzqss xmsLkiOSQ
}msxmsLRi sVWLiNRPsLi zLiRWxmsoLRiLi UFs` syLRiVP[ LjigjiLiRs
FsLiCJ xmsNStsQ FyLRiV.
VjT+ #dq $<] eT

VgRiVxms, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): sRLi\|ms sLRiNTP Lij sVLigRiyLRiLi
ILi\|ms NTPL][zqss FxqsVNRPVs sxmsLiLiRVNRPVs ARxyRVysNTP FyTs
xms][ RLRigRi syLjis RV[NRPVLi gSsWsNTP Lijs @sWxtsQ (15) NTPR=
F~LiRVRW @sLiRxmsoLRiLi Axqs[ VRyLRiLi sVX LijLij. FsqsH
ygRiry*sV ZNP[xqsV RLSxmso P[xqsVyLRiV.
s&T |]o\q
sVRNRPbPLRi s, Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss): sVRNRPbPLRi sVLiT @gRi sVLiRLi
[s zms.TlgiLRi NRPLSNRP LSxtsQ LRiLì sLRiNRPV LRiW.28N][][ sWRsLigS
s[xqsVs yLìL][RV sLS xmssVsV VRyLRiLi NS*NRPLi[ @jNSLji
sLiNRPlLiT xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. CxqsLiRLRiLigS sLS gRiV[yLRiV @LiVVsVsLi
RVxmssV xmssV yR gRiVLjiLi ssLSV @Tgji VxqsVN]s xmssV
yRsV xmsLjibdPLi sLS xmssVV y gRiVyRVs xqsLiRXzmss sNRPLi
P[aSLRiV. CRVs][FyV rysNRP ALì@Li`d UC sWLigRixms, GC
bdPsyxqsVV, sVVRgRiV ALì@Li`d zqsLij DyLRiV.
zC deTdqT rs+&
L], Gzms 22, (ZNPFssFss): L] sVLiRLi[s RVFyLi
BLijLRisV Fs{qs= NSds[ [J[ xqssVxqs s ygRiVds xqssVxqs dsR
FsNRPVsgS DLij. s=FnyLRiLì Fsxms][ @LiRVs kssVLiT J[ xqsLjigS
@LiRRLi [Rs kss ygRiVdsNTP FsNRPVsgS DLiRs NSdsyxqsVV
FyLRiV. Bxms\ZNPy xqsLiLijR @jNSLRiVV s=FnyLRiLìsV sWLji
[J[ xqssVxqssV dLSs AFyLiRLi xmsV N][LSLRiV.
n<q| + y~+|\| |s<T

deyX+ e{&TTq sw >se n<\T mH.qsd+VQ\T
RlLiT, g_LRis @RORPVRV sW xmsymslLiT, xqsLisLSRVVRV, LRis
NRPLiZaP, yRVNRPVV d\s. NRPVsWLìlLiT, LRiLigSlLiT, sLi
xqsVLSRVVRV, sVLiR aS g_ NRP[aRP*LRiV, RLiRsWxs, FsLis.xqsV
LRis @RORPVRV @s*LìxtsQ, LRis[VtsQ, lLiT RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
sRxmssNRPV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): @Rsxmso NRPLi N][xqsLi sVsLi yLRiV

s[jxqsVyLRis sWxmsoLRiLi gSsWsNTP Lijs LS[aRP*Lji VRyLRiLi
sRxmssNRPV FdxqsV }qsxtsQs[ zmnsLSRV P[zqsLij. Rs LRi sVNRPLihRi][FyV
@R FsLRisV, sWsV FsLjiry*sV\|ms zmnsLSRV P[zqssV zmsLij. RsNRPV
FdxqsVV yRVLi P[RVNRPF[ ARx[ aRPLRisVs }msL]Lij.
nq+|s+ 11
+<|u
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
]q >sqqT jT|<+ #jT+&

NRPjLji@LRis, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)LSNUPRV xmsWy[ ORPQLigS @jNSLRi
FyLki ydNTP, sLRi rysWNRP sLSsV Fs{qs y[ P[LSs @|qsLid[
xmsrysLis dLRiVsV sLRizqsxqsW s[V s 4s DRRVLi NRPjLji ALkiJ NSLSRVLi
FsRV gjiLjis [G{qs AR*LRiLi[ P[xms[ ALi][sNRPV @jNRP xqsLi[
LiLRi, GNRPs rysWNRP sLSV \lLi RVxmsRLi P[RWs yRVNRPVV
NT uyyRVN`P, LSZaP[LìV N][LSLRiV. VRyLRiLi NRPLRixmsysV sRVR P[aSLRiV.
C xqsLiRLRiLigS yRVNRPVV sWRVRW @|qsLid[ dmssms NSVs
bdPsyxqsVV ydNTP, sLRi rysWNRP sLSsV Fs{qs y[ P[LSs xmsrysLis dLRiVsV sLRizqsxqsW NRPjLji FyLiRLi[s ssR sVLiR
NSLSRW FsRV LiLRi xqsLixmnsVLi, [G{qs yRVNRPVV ALi][sV
P[xmssVyLRiV. s[V s 4s ALkiJ NSLSRVLi FsRV P[xms[ ALi][s
NSLRiNRPsWsNTP @jNRP xqsLi[ NSLRiNRPLRiV \lLi xmsVR*Li\|ms IT |msLi
d{qs Dxms NRPVsV Fs{qs[ y[ P[lLi[ xmsNTPRVsV @RVN]s[LiRVNRPV
s|\qT $&T<\ #dTq C@d HjT\T

RLRiLSys yRVNRPVV zmsVxmsosyLRiV. xqssWs[aRPLi[ ygRiLSyRVN`P,
@syRVN`P, LRidsLiR, bdPsyxqsVV yRVN`P, LRisyRVN`P, AsLi`,
sLRizqsLixyRVN`P, NTPuyyRVN`P, LSsWyRVN`P RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
V+<|s+ |sb\ d+|T+ |]~ 12e ysT y& \ s. 4.6

\\ HHb+{ <T\ @sT #dq dds&T u$T|P #dTq
#sY|sH sy \H>sE seT+ ysTyT+sT V#Y us, &
V#Y XsjT, @ dTswt ~sT\T
HeT* d+sD~sT\ n|+

RVxmso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)
sVLiRLi[s @Rso[ ssFyVNRPV dsLRiV, s[VR NRPLRiVssRLi][
RVxmso[s xmsNSa`PsgRiLìNRPV Lijs LRisV sWsVT ][[NTP ssV
LSsRLi][ yss xmsVN]yLRiV. sxtsQRVLi VxqsVs FsqsH g][FyVRV,
Fdqs zqsLij @Rs sRsVs ssVs ry*ksLi P[xqsVN]yLRiV. @RVso[
dsLRiV, s[VR [NRPFsRLi][ ds N][xqsLi ssV sLiRs, C xmsOTPQs ssFy
xqsLiLRiORPQjNSLRiVNRPV @xmsgjirysVs FsqsH FyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ Fdqs
zqsLij ygRiWLRiV, ALis[RVVV, sVNSLRiVs, ALi RjRLRiVV
FyyLRiV.
V+<|s+ |sb\ d+|T+ |]~ 27e ysT n+u<sY q>sY

ysY {+ bs+_dTq #sY |sH \H>sE ysT yT+sT X,
& XsjT,|D \T>T<X+ HjT\T m. H>sE ~sT\T
HeT* mdt n|dTq >eTdT\T
;C| du qy<T
deyX+ e{&TTq \T|\ >+><sY

RVxmso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR ZNP[LiRLi[s ALki
NSLSRVLi[ VRyLRiLi d[{ms RR sWLRi LSxtsQ xmsys
NSLRiRLji+ RVxmso gRiLigSRLì @RORPQRs xqsR* ssWRV
NSLRiNRPsVLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs sWRVRW
FyLki xqsR*Li][ FyV ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li }msR xqsLiZOP[QsVLi N][xqsLi
xmss[aRP|mss xqs*RLRi`, sRsWs, sVLRiVgRiV]R sLSLi,
FsCU VV, sVVR LiNRPV y*LS LRiVyFyLRiVNRPV sU[s
LRiVLi RjRLRi xmsRNS\|ms xmsNRPV ssLjiLiys yRVNRPVNRPV
xqsWLiyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ RRsWLRi xmsys NSLRiRLji+
LRi, d[{ms yRVNRPVV JVlLiT, ylgi[LiR, gRiLigSRLRi,
RVLSLi, s RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
use { {syT+{
Rxms, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR ZNP[LiR\sVs Rxms NRP DsR
FyhRiaS[ C s 30s [k sVLiT LRiRsWR NTPZNP [LRisVLi
sLRi*zxqsVsV sLS*xNRPVV FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi yLRiV s[NRPLRi][ sWRVRW
Rxms |msRV, RVW` AR*LRiLi[ sLRi*zLis C [LRisVLi [ sqs
DxmsWgjiryLRiyLRiV. AxqsNTP gRi yLRiV LRiW.400 FsLi {mns Li }msLRiV
ssWRV P[xqsVN][ys FyLRiV. xms sW` NRPV 12 JsLRiV soLiRVs DRRVLi
9gRiLi sVLiT sVyxLi 1.30 gRiLi sLRiNRPV sW` sLRi*zryLRiyLRiV. [Lki
s[RNRPV LRiW.11, 011LRiWFyRVV, LRisLì NRPV LRiW.5555LRiWFyRVV, sVLjiRVV
[zmss @LiR[rysVyLRiV. V ssWRV N][xqsLi Fs sLiLì 9989870312,
9059692568, 8143493385 sLiLRiNRPV NRPV xqsLixmsjLiys N][LSLRiV.
n~ &T |jDd #s\T
RLRisLRiLi s, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)rysNRP FssV[ g][sVgRiVLi

xqsWLRiyLSRV gRiR @|qsLid FssNRP[ .T.zms. @LjigS F P[xqsW
JLRisV xms[|msysNTP [s xqsRVFyRVLi NRPxqsVsRs @lgi[
xmsyLRi rysWgjis RLRixqsVyLRis gRiR xmsVR*Li @NRPsV ZNP[xqsVsV
yLiVVLiRgS, syLRi FsRVL]s FssV[ xqsWLRiyLSRV sL][ztsQ @s
[ rysNRP N][LRiV ZNP[xqsV N]s[RVRLi LjigjiLij. C sxtsQRWs VxqsVNRPVs
FyLki NSLRiNRPLRiV, @sWsVV ARVsNRPV @sLiRsV RV[aSLRiV.
sTD\T eT+psT #jT+&
Rxms, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)\|mss[ yxy[ @T NRP [RV][ xmsRW}qs

RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVs Fs|qs^= }sVLi` NRPVsWLì FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi ARVs Rs
zqsLij][ NRPzqs yxy Rsd P[xmsLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS yxy LjiNSLRiVV
Rsd P[zqs @jNRP [RV][ sVs yxyNRPV LjiNSLRiVV xqsLjigS [s yNTP
LjisWyV sjLiyLRiV. A[V @jNRP [RVsV xmsRWNRPVsV RLRiLiRLSRs,
sLiRsNRPV sLRiVRLigS xmssLji}qs RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVyLRiV.
yTsVLT , Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)H.ZNP.zms.xqsLixmnsW y*LS sVzNRPV

LiNRPLRiV sVLiLRiV P[zqss LRiVsV xqsNRPsVLigS Lis yLjiNTP Ljigji
LRiVsV Bs*NRPVLiy LiNRPLRiV sLRiORPQLigS ssxLjixqsVyLRis, LRiVV
Li N]s xqsLisR=LSV gRiTy Bxms sLRiNRPV N]RgS LRiVV
sVLiLRiV P[RVNRPVLiy sVzsV ds BLiRVNRPV gRiVLjiP[xqsVyLRis
.T.zms. NSLRiRLji+ gRiLigRiVNRPVLi g][Fy lLiT LiNRPLRisV skaSLRiV.
myT <X\ yTs b n_e~ w #k
s$q deTd\ |]cs+ d+

| <w
RLRisLRiLi s, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)rysNRP FssV[ g][sVgRiVLi xqsWLRiyLSRV

A[aS s[VLRiNRPV .T.zms. @sXjNTP NRPXztsQ P[ryss LRiWLRi Fs{qs= |qs @RORPVV
yLS FRRV FyLRiV. ARVs sWRVRW FssV[ A[aS s[VLRiNRPV
LRiWLRi xmsLjij[s Fs{qs=NRPV xqsLiLijLi sNRP xqsRVFyRWsV, zmsLiRsV, lLi[xtsQs
NyLRiVV @LiR[RVysNTP yLji sR sVLiT ssLSsV }qsNRPLjixqsVys FyLRiV.
# &bqT $&>={\ VosY $q
RVxmso, Gzms 22 (ZNP.Fss.Fss)sVLiR xmsLjij[s |msRsyLjixms

gSsVLi[s _NRP TFsV sRg]s VRyLRiLi FsLi{ms{ms LRi
sRWlLiT, LSLiNRPVsWLì AR*LRiLi[ gSsV xmsV RxbdPLì
xmsosNRPV ssxmsRLi @LiR[aSLRiV. yLRiV sWRVRW gSsVLi[
yyxmso 400 sVLij lLi[xtsQsNSLRiV yLRiVV DyLRis, @jNRP
xqsLi[ lLi[xtsQsNSLRiVyLRiVV Ds NSLRiLigS 250 sVLijNTP \|msgS
lLi[xtsQsNSLRiV yLRiVV xqsNSLi[ sysxqsLRi xqsLRiVNRPVV dxqsVZNP[NRP
FRVsV ssxmsRLi[ }msL]yLRiV. lLi[xtsQs N][xqsLi s gRiRLi[
g]RsV, sVsxqsLRiV LjigjisV yLRiV }msL]LiW @jNRP xqsLi[
Ds lLi[xtsQsNSLRiVyLRiVsV RXztsQ[ DLiRVN]s _NRPTFsV lLiLiRVgS
sRg] lLi[xtsQsNSLRiV yLRiVNRPV sysxqsLRi xqsLRiVNRPVV xqsNRPsVLigS
@Li[ RLRiV P[xmss gSsVxqsVV RxbdPLìsV N][LSLRiV.
xqsLijLis RxbdPLì gSsVLi[ syLjiLi, xqssVxqssV
DsyjNSLRiV RXztsQNTP dxqsVZNPss FyLRiV.
myT| dT ={y
yTsVLT , Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)sVLiRLi[ kLRiNSNRPLigS sN]s

lLissW xqssVxqsxms xms[NRP RXztsQ ryLjiLi y xmsLjiuyLRiLi N][xqsLi RORPQ
RLRiV P[xmssVs Rx{qsLì LSsVNTPxtsQRV }msL]yLRiV. VRyLRiLi
Rx{qsLì NSLSRVLi[ s.ALìJ., s.ALìFs.][ xms[NRP xqssWs[aRPLi
GLSV P[zqs RORPQ xmsLjiuyLRiLi N][xqsLi Rgjis xqsWRsV, xqsV ByLRiV.
xmsyLRiV FyxqsVxmsoxqsNSV, lLi[xtsQs NSLRiVV, WsVV ssLSsV As \s
P[RVRLi, WsVV N]RV sLi xqssVxqssV R*LjiRgRis xmsLjixtsQLjiLi
xmsNRPV sRLi @LiRVV[ soLiyyLRiV.
{ >V sD\ X+KTk|q
$q|+ n+<CdTq |<q y]|* >eTdT\T
LSsVgjiLji, Gzms 22 (ZNP.FssFss)sVLiRLi[s GRVgRiVLSxms gSsVLi[

ALki AR*LRiLi[ gRiXx sLSs VRyLRiLi aRPLiVryxmss P[aSLRiV.
ALki Lkis \lLiNRPL` xsVsVLiRLSRVVRV, FsLi.zms.zms. Rg]LRi
ALis[RVV V P[RV dsVRVgS WsVxmsp sLji*zLiyLRiV. BV[s
sLRiV}msRNRPV ALki xqsLixqs BV sLjiLiRysNTP sVVLiRVNRPV sLiT . Fs{qs=
NRPV 21, .zqs.NRPV 21 BV sVLiLRiV P[aSLRiV. C gRiXx sLSV xmspLki
P[RVysNTP yLRiVV NRPWy xmspLki xqsxNSLRiLi @LijLiys ALki
@jNSLRiVV FyLRiV. GRVgRiVLyxms gSsWsNTP 42 @Lki BV sVLiLRiV
P[zqssLiRVNRPV FsLi.zms.zms. NRPXRRV FyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ Fs..Fs.
yLSRVlLiT, zms.J. xqsLisxms RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
s+
>TsTys+, 23nq+
@|| 2015
+<|u
12 nq+|s+
MT rsT esT+&
ZaPWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR xmsLjij[s
@sVLixms xmsLiyRVd NSLRiRVLi[ xqsLRiLiRV @RsV,
xmsLiyRVd |qsNRP Lki uy AR*LRiLi[ VRyLRiLi
xmsLiyRVd xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi* zLiyLRiV. \sqs xqsLRiLiRV
OTPQyLSRV, yLRiV sVLiLRiV sW RVRW xmsLiyRVd
sRV sxtsQRVLi sWNRPV RVNRPVLiy xqsLRiLi RV
RVLji*sWgRiLi P[rLiRs xqsLRiLiRV\|ms R*sVyLRiV. xqsLRiLiRV
@RsV dsV dLRiV sWLRiVN][NRP F[ FyLkiNTP, sW xmsRsoNRPV

LSysWV P[rysVLiW \sqs xqsLRiLiRV OTPQyLSRV,
yLRiV xqsVV OTPQ[s, NTPxtsQxms, RLiRNRP, CLRis,
LSsWLi[RVVV xmsLiyRVd xqssWs[aRPLi sVLi RVNRPV s
yLji sLRixqss sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. xqssWs[aRPLi sVLi RVNRPV ss
xqsLRiLiRV][ @L>RiV\s yLjiNTP zmsLiRsV Bs*NRPVLiy
@RVxmsRVRVyLRiLiW yLRiV xqsVV ygji*yysNTP jgSLRiV.
@L>RiV\s yLjiNTP zmsLiRsV xmsLizms P[xqsVysVLiW xmsRLi][
ygji*yRLi xqsRVsVsgjiLij.
D<Ts+Z
D<TsZ+, VdeTT<+, XsT, +<T], +<sY
+<sT #sTe |P& r |qT\T bs+u+
$< d+es+ eTT>TdTH n+< J\T

xxqssVVRLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR xmsLjij[s
xmsLjixtsQ` FyhRiaSV sVLjiRVV FyRsVN][sR FyhRiaS[ 41sVLij sy
yLiLRiV xmssP[xqsVyLRiV. xmsLjixtsQ` FyhRiaS[ xmssP[RVV yLjiNTP
LRiW.7s[V, FyRsVN][sR FyhRiaS[ xmssP[RVV yLjiNTP LRiW.5s[V
s[RsLi Bs*RLi][ syyLiLRiV 41sVLij xmssP[xqsVyLRiV. 6sV
xmssP[zqssLiRVNRPV gSsV INRP s s[RsLi sWRLi B 5 s s[RsLi
BLiRsLRiNRPV Bs*NRP FsRLi][ yy BLiRVV xmsRVRVysVs sy
yLiLRiV yFRVyLRiV. @jRVVsV gSNRP s[][ sy xqsLisR=LRiLi
sVVgjizqsLij sVLRiVxqs xqsLisR=LRiLi sVsVVs[ syyLiLRiVgS dxqsV
NRPVLiLRis ssVNRPLi NRPWy [RyLRiV. NSsos DsyjNSLRiVV xqsLij
Li sWNRPV LSy=s yV BzmsLiys N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
>dt s\jT+ F
#sTe |P& |qT\qT bs+_dTq &{d
NRPLiRWLRiV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) LSsVVV LRiRWLRiV. Uzqs
M [ @ |msR LRiVso[ INRP LSsWxs_RLji sW RVRW
\s NRPLiRWLRiV LRiVso [ VR gRiR N]s xqsLisR=LSVgS LRiVso
yLRiLi \sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs y*LS xmsp [ xmspTNRP sV }msLRiVNRPV FLiVV
TNRP dR xmssVV FyLRiLiLiRRLi @jNRPsVsRLi][ C sxtsQRVLi xqsLi
LjigjiLij. FyLRiLi NSLRiNRPsVsVVs LijR @jNSLRiVNRPV VxmsgS sLi
NRPV Uzqs LSsWxs_RLji, [ s[ xqsLijLis @jNSLRiVV LRiW.
C sLiNRPLS rysNRP xqsLRiLiRV bdP 4ORPQ 50 s[V sRVV sVLiLRiV
#sTe b&e, y&\T =\TdTq <X+

P[RVRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. rysNRP NRPXztsQ P[rysVs FyLRiV. @RLiR
xqsLRiLiRV bdPLSsVVV VxmsoRW ssVNRPTs NRPLiRWLRiV LRiVso
LRiV so[ sLiR dsV LRiV F~Rso, xmspTNRP dR xmssVNRPV sRVV
sRV][ xmspTNRP dR xmssVV sVLiLRiV NSsRLi xL<RidsRV sV
P[xmsRLi LjigjiLiRy LRiV. Ry*LS yLRiV. Fs{qs= |qs @RORPVV
LRigRi[so sL<Ss sWxqsLi NRP N]Rxms Aso }msry*sV,
xmspTNRP dR xmssVV sRR yLjigS DxmsxqsLRiLiRV xtsQ{mns, JVgSsxms
xmspLji P[zqs LRiVso[ ds sVsNRPV LSsVV RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
| ndd+ bdT\ H{|wH $&T<\

@|z $jTsD
gRiWRWLRiV 22 (ZNPFssFss) M
sVLiRLi[s
sVWRV gSsWNRPV Fs ALìC Fsqs zmns
@zqs|qsLi FxqsVV dgS DyRVs dss
LjiP[RVVNRPV gSsV [zmnsZNP[xtsQs sRVR P[RVRLi
LjigjiLiRs FssALìC Fsqs GzmsJ sRV LS
FyLRiV. .VRyLRiLi AsV sVLiR ZNP[LiR\sVs
gRiWRWLRiV[s FsLizms TJ NSLSRVLi[
s[NRPLRiV][ sWRVRW sVLiRLi[s

VTRFyRV ,sVVsgS ,ZNP.ygSxmsoLRiLi
gSsW[ zmns @zqs|qsLi FxqsVV dgS
DyRVyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV gSsV ARW
gSsW[ xqsLRiLi`V G NRPVLi y\lLi[ DyL][
@[ NRPVLiyLRiV zmns @zqs|qsLi FxqsVNRPV Cs
24 [j [xmso RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][yyLRiV. C
RLRixqsVsV xmsLiyLiVVd NSLRi RLji+NTP
@LiR[RWyLRiV. syL>RiR NRPdsxqsLi 10
RLRigRi Fy\|qs DLiys A\|ms FsLiR\s DLiR
RyLRiV. 18 xqsLisR=LS sVLiT 35

xqsLisR=LS[xmso sRV xqsV= DLiys
,FssALìCFsqs DFyj xsVxmssV[ NRPdsxqsLi 25
L][V xmssP[zqs DLiys FyLRiV. sVVLiRVgS
RLRixqsV P[xqsVNRPVyyLjis gSsV sWsV
NRPsV sVVgRiVLjis FsLizmsNRP P[zqs FsLizmsTJNRPV
ss[jNRP xmsLixmsoyLRis ,FsLizmsTJ A sVVgRiVLji sVLiT
INRPLjis FsLizm NRP P[zqs y*sW {msTNTP ss[jNRP xmsLixmso
yLRis AsV FyLRiV. AxqsNTPgRi @LRiVV Cs
24 [xmso RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][ ys xqsWLiyLRiV.
$s\T |rsTqT esTb yT |<T

CsTT+{ sY V]sDY
NTPxtsQgjiLji, Gzms22(ZNPFssFss)M sAL][*V xmssdLRiVsV sWLRiVN][NRPF[ s[V
RxmsRs @Rsxmso NRPNRPLì xLjiNTPLRi @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi NTPxtsQgjiLji
RxbPLì NSLSRWs Rsd P[aSLRiV. C Rsd[ gRiLigS xmsV LjiNS
LRiVsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi sAL][*][ xqssWs[aRPLi GLSV P[aSLRiV.
C xqsLiRLRiLigS GLSV P[zqss FyZNP[RVV xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs sW
RVRW xmsyLRiV FyqsxmsoxqsNSsNTP AyLìNSLRiV @sVxqsLiysLi, JLRiVNRPV
AyLì LiNRPV FsLiR aSRLi ssWRV P[aSLRisj sAL][*][ VxqsVN][sRLi
LjigjiLiRyLRiV. @LiVV[ NRPrygRiLRiLi, @sVNRPyRV gSsW xmsLiy LiVVd
NRPV xqsLiLijLis sAL][* xmssdLRiV\|ms sVLiTxmsyLRiV. xmsyLìNRPV AyLì
NSLRiVNRPV @sVxqsLiysLi P[RVRLi[ sLRiORPQLi szLiyLRis yLji\|ms AgRixLi
sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. sAL][*V xmssdLRiVsV sWLRiVN][NRPF[ RgRiVs[V RxmsRs
|RLjiLiyLRiV. LRid {qssNRPV xqsLiLijLi @RLigRi yRV[Rs N]LiR
sVLij sAL][*\|ms AgRixLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. @lgi[ xms yLRiLi Ljilgi[
dsTW NSslLis=NRPV sAL][*V xLRiVNSsRLi[Rs yLji\|ms sVLiTxmsyLRiV.
sAL][*V xmssdLRiVsV, xmsRRV[ sWLRiVV P[xqsVN][NRPF[ yLji\|ms NRPhjis
RLRiV dxqsVNRPVLisVyLRiV. gSsW[s \lLiRVNRPV @LiRVV[ DLiT
W xqssVxqs\|ms FsxmsNRPxmsVRV xmsLjixtsQLjiLiys }msL]yLRiV. lLissW
ssxqs L][L][NRPV sWLRiV @soRVLiRs, kLi][ sAL][*V xqsNRPsVLigS

xmssP[RWyLRiV. N]LiRsVLij sAL][*V xmssdLRiV\|ms @sgSxs [Rs,
@Li sAL][*V {qssRVLì sAL][*][ bPORPQ NRPrysVyLRiV. lLissW
ssxqs\|ms @sgSxs @sxqsLRisVs sAL][*V xmss xmsRRVsV sWLRiV
N][NRPF[ bdP\ZaPLi Li xqsVRWLRi sVLiRNRPV jd P[rysVs |R
LjiLiyLRiV. xmsyLRiV As\s, LRid{qss @RLigRi, JLRiVNRPV AyLì @sV
xqsLiysLi, xmsyLìNRPV AyLì LiN`P\|ms xms[NRPLigS LjiNSLRiVsV xmsLjibdP
LiyLRiV. xmssdLRiV[s sAL][*NRPV xmsV |RLjiNRPV P[aSLRiV. FRVgRiV
xmsLiyLiVVd[ yyxmso 12s[ FsNRPLS WsV DLiRs, xmsLiyLiVVd[
N][RVsVWLRiV, g][sgRiLiR, [ssN]LiR, NTPxtsQgjiLji sVLiRNRPV xqsLiLijLis
F~V DyRVs, xmsLiyLiVVdNTP BRLRiV sAL][*V @sxqsLRisVs sVLiR
{qssRVLì sAL][* FyLRiryLRij @Rsxmso NRPNRPLì RXztsQNTP dxqsVNRPVsyLRiV.
@LiVV[ sLis[ ARVs xqsLijLi xmsLiyLiVVdNTP xqsLiLijLis ss[jNRP
R*LRi[ By*s rysNRP RxbPLì sW|qsqs xmsxqsssV A[bPLiyLRiV. sP[
yLRiLi[ NRPWR sVLiRsNTP RsdNTP sryss, xmssdLRiV sWLRiVN][s
sAL][*NRPV jd RxmsRs xms[xms[ |RLjiNRPV Lki P[aSLRiV. @lgi[
[s xms sVLiRs xms yLRiLi[ RxbPLì NSLSRWs
Rdsd P[zqs sAL][*][ xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zrysVyLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[
RxbPLì][ FyV sAL][*V DyLRiV.
xxqssVVRLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M sVLiR xmsLjij[s zqsRLilgi[aRP*LR

BLiTRVs gSqs NSLSRWs sVLiR Rx{qsLRiV LSsWxs
yRVVRV VRyLRiLi ANRPzqsNRPLigS Rsd sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
Rx{qsLRiV sWRVRW ssWgRiyLRiVNRPV xqsNRPsV\sVs lLi[NRPV gSqs
xmsLizms P[RWs @jNRPLigS sxqsWV P[}qs RxmsLRi\sVs RLRiV
dxqsVNRPVLisVs Rx{qsLRiV |RLjiLiyLRiV.
|uTdT| |]o\q
LSRVRVLRiLi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): VRyLRiLi rysNRP xmsVy*xqsVxmss
FssVd= lgi[RWsLi`, FssVd= sVVg][sLiRlLiT][ NRPzqs AxqsVxmss
xqsLiRLji+LiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS yLRiV AxqsVxms xmsLjixqsLS xmsLjiaRPVRsV
L][gRiVNRPV @LijLiP[ rNRPLS gRiVLjiLi ALS kaSLRiV. \sRVV xqsNRPsVLigS
sRVNRPV LRisoRVyLS [y, sVLiRVV @LiRVV[ DyRW
[y, NRPVNRPNSVNRPV, FysVVNSVNRPV sVLiRVV DyRW [y @s
@jNSLRiVsV @Tgji VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. N]R \sRVV FsLiR sVLij
@sxqsLRisW xmsVy*sNTP zqsFnyLRixqsV= P[RWs yLRiV xqsWLiyLRiV.
D eT+&|+ bs+u+
NRP[NRP LRiWLRi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): NRP[NRPV sVLiRLi[ xsNRPs
gSsVLi[ xqss NRP ry*sV [yRVLi[ NRP sVLiFys
rysNRP FssV[ ,dmssms NSs bdPsyxqsVV FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. ARV
NRPsV xqsV xqssWLi[ xms zRLi N][Lji BLi NSLRiNRPsWV
sLRi*zLiRRLi xL<RiRVsVyLRiV.
d&mdt <s+ oeT+\T

NRP[NRP LRiWLRi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): sVLiRLi[s xxqssVVRLi
gSsVLi[ H{qsUFsqs {qsU{msJ FyLRi*RsV @R*LRiLi[ @LigRisyU ZNP[Liy
xmsLjij[ 25 sVLij gRiLkiNRPV DR rysVWzNRP bdPsVLiyV
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ xqsWxmsLì\sLì xmsys, DxmsxqsLRiLiRV
LRixqsW V Fy[yLRiV.
>T{ m<&
NRP[NRP LRiWLRi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss) : sVLiR xmsLjij[s NRPV[
gRiR s L][VgS xmsV ygRiVds N][xqsLi ds BLiRVV
xmsRVRVyLRiV. xmsVR* ygRiVds [LRi[ WgRiLRi V FsLiT
FsRLi][ C RVzqs sN]LiRs xmsV }msL]LiVyLRiV. @jNSLRiVV
ds LiNRPLRiV GLSV P[RVVNRPV NRPLiNRPLRiV sVVLiRVNRPV s}qs RVgRi
rysVs }msL]yLRiV. @LiVV[ NRPLiNRPLRiV sVVLiRNRPV LS[NRP
FRVyLRis @jNSLRiVV }msL]LiVyLRiV. Fs\lgiy gSsVLi[
ygRiVds xqssVxqs dLSs xmsV N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
24q {&| $d deyX+

LSRVRVLRiLi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): C s 24s rysNRP sVys[aRP*LRi
ry*sV [yRVLi sR sWNRPsLRiLi ryLiVV VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki
yRVNRPV][ sxqsXR ryLiVV xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiRsVsV rysNRP
FssV[, dmns sms NSs bdPsyxqsVV FyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
xqssWs[aRPLi[ sVLiR sWRs NRPsV GLSV, xmsVR* xqsLiZOP[QsV
xmsRNS @sVV\|ms RLRi, FyLki gSsV ryLiVV[ sVLi xmsxtsQLi P[RVRLi
RjRLRi sxtsQRWsV RLjiLiRsVsV ARVs FyLRiV.
nq+|s+ 13
+<|u
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
myT deTd\ Vs+

DLRisN]LiR, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M xmsLi[s \sLì= NSds, OTPQsLRizqsLix NSds[
VRyLRiLi DRRVLi FssV[ \s.sZaP[*aRP*LRilLiT xqsVTgS xmsLRis P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
NSdsyxqsVV @s[NRP xqssVxqssV ARVs RXztsQNTP dxqsVZNPLRiV. lLi[xtsQsNSLRiVV [ss, zmsLiRsV
LRiRV P[aSLRis, RsVNRPV BV sVLiLRiV NS[Rs, L][RV [ss, LiVVs[V [ss
RV[aSLRiV. xms xqssVxqssV @jNSLRiV RXztsQNTP dxqsVZNP
&esY \
yRVLi P[rysyLRiV. FssV[ xmsLRis[ RxbdPLì xRV,
s
e=+& myT
U _Rxms, ALìRWFsqs [C gRiRV, FsLi{msUJ LSsry,
$X
|sq
xmsLiyRVd CJ LRisV RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
se=+&
se=+&, ss, essY, u>T|, $&|q\T, L&sT
e+< X+ d_&| $H\T y*

DLRisN]LiR, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss)
M sLRiVxqs NRPLRiVso][ @RVRVs
\lLiRVNRPV s[LRiVaRPsgRi, |msxqsV,
AsVVRLi, NRPLij sRysV sLiR
aSRLi xqs=U\|ms @LiR[RWs {q
{msH @sVLiR \lLiRVxqsLixmnsVLi
@RORPVRV bPss TsWLi` P[aSLRiV.
VRyLRiLi ARVs DLRisN]LiR[
{qs{msH NSLSRVLi[ s[NRPLRiV][
sWyLRiV. xms {qssV sRV..
xLikdsy sVVRV @s }msL]y
LRiV. lLiLi][ sRR xLikdsy xmssV
N][xqsLi LRiW.800 N][V By*s
TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. sVVsVLi
RLiRVyRVVRV yVgRiVryLRiV
xmsLRisNRPV sy ILjigjiLi
[dsV [Rs R*sVyLRiV. LSxtsQ
ss RLS*R LSxtsQLi ALjiNRP
BLiRV[ DLiRs {qsFsLi xms[
xms[ VRW L][ INRP [aSsNTP
deyX+ e{&TTq d| HjT\T

WLì FsLiRVNRPV sVRVyLRis
xmsbPLiyLRiV. xmnsRLigRi LSxtsQ
yNRPV V xmsRV][LiRyLRiV. @LRi
N]LRi sRV][ xLikdsy FyNRPV
xmssVV xmspLji P[RVRLi ryRsVso
RVLiy @s skaSLRiV. xmsV
@s[NRP xqssVxqs][ xqsRsVRsVso
RVy xmsVR*Li sVLi FsVsLi
xqsLiRy [RyLRiV. NRPV

2013c 14NRPV xqsLiLijLi BLiRs
LRiNRPV xmsLisxtsQxmsLjiLRiLi LiR[R
s, kLi][ \lLiRVV BRLRi FyLiy
NRPV sxqs FRVyLRiyLRiV. NSLRi
NRPsVLi[ {qs{msH yRVNRPVV
xsVsVLiRV,
sVNSLRiVs,
xqssLS FyyLRiV.
n~sT\T deT+> $<T\T s]+#*
DLRisN]LiR, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss)

M sVLiRLi[s @s aS
@jNSLRiVW @LiNTPR sLi][
xqsNRPsVLigS sRVV sLRi*LjiLiys
FsLi{ms{ms xqsVLiNRPLRiRsV N][LSLRiV.
VRyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi sVLiR
xmsxmsLjixtsQ` NSLSRVLi[ AsV
xqsdsVORPQ xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
FsLi{ms{ms sWRVRW sVVsVLi
RLiRVyRVVRV dsLRiVc
V\|ms xms[NRP RXztsQ ryLjiLiyLRiy
LRiV. C NSLRiNRPsWs @jNSLRiVV
RaRPVj][ sRVsLiRLi P[RW
s xqsWLiyLRiV. sVLiRLi[s
RsLRiLi, sg]LiR, }tsQOSQsVxms,
LSRVLixms gSsWNRPV sNTPgRiR
sVLRiVgRiV]RV sVLiLRiRWs,
yLRiVV sLis[ sLjiLiRVN][y
yLRiV. @lgi[ xms gSsV
xmsLiyRVd[ NRPWy sNTPgRiR
sVLRiVgRiV]RV sVLiLRiV P[RWs

ALìRWFsqs @jNSLRiVsV .
gSsW[ ygRiVds FsRT DR
sLi NSNRPVLiy @jNSLRiVV sVVLiR
xqsV gRiRV dxqsVN][yyLRiV.
[LRiV TF[ sLis[ sVLRisV
RVV P[RWyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi

[ RxbdPL` xRV, FsLi{ms
UJ LSsry, FsLi{ms{qsV,
xqsLRiLiRVV, xmsLiyRVd NSLRiR
LRiV+V, {mnsV @zqs|qsLiV, RjRLRiVV
FyyLRiV.
dMT deyX+ e{&TTq m+||
y\ b<j X+Use+ >T+

md\T> >T]+# es
bs+.. eTTKeT+ q
VMT Hsys*.. MsY|mdt
sw |<q s<]
s$esY
FysVT, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) s[V 14s

RWLRiV NRPVxmsLi sVLi \|RLS`
NRPV ydNRPV FyRRWR aRPLiLSsLi
FyLRiLisVsoRVLiRs ydNTP LjilLi[*xtsQs
FLS xqssV (dsALì{msFsqs) LSxtsQ xmsys
NSLRiRLji+ LRisNRPVsWLì FyLRiV. VRyLRi
Li FysVT sgRiLRi xmsLiyRVd NSLSRVLi
[ BLiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLis NRPLRixmsyV
sRVR P[aSLRiV. FyLidRV syryV
]gjiLi, LSxtsQ yxmsLigS ydNRPVNRPV
Fs{qs LjilLi[*xtsQs xmsosLRiVRLjiLiys TsWLi
` P[aSLRiV. B[ TsWLi`\|ms LSxtsQ
@RORPVRV xqsVtsQRLiR[qs AR*LRiLi[
aRPLiLS sLi FyLRiLisVsoRVLiRyLRiV.
25q dsdu
deyX+
VgRiVxms, Gzms 22 (ZNPFss
Fss ) : sVLiR xmsLjixtsQ` NS
LSRVLi[ C s 25s
sVLiR xmsLjixtsQ` ryyLRi
xqsLRi*xqs xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*
zLiRsVsV FsLi{msUJ
bdPsyxqsVV
FyLRiV.
xqsLRiLiRVV, FsLi{ms{qsV,
xmsxmssRVV,
@jNSLRiVV xqssWs[aSsNTP
LRiV NSys N][LSLRiV.
s[V 14s sVyxLi lLiLiRV gRiLiNRPV

NRPVxmsLi ryLi` sVLi FyRRWR aRPLi
LSsLi xqs sLRi*zxqsVsV FyLRiV. RLi
R VyRVVRV FssNRP[ ydNRPVsV
Fs{qsV gS gRiVLjirysVs dsV ByLRis gRiV
LRiV P[aSLRiV. LigS[ ydNRPVsV Fs{qs
VgS gRiVLjiLiRysNTP @NRPT {qsFsLi ZNP[{qsAL`
INRP Lji\LRiV HGFsqs @jNSLji sxmssV
\LRisgS INRP NRPsVxtsQssV sRVsVLiyLRi
yLRiV. G{ms sVVsVLi RLiRVy
RVVRV FssNRP dsV\|ms GsWRLi xqsLij
LiRRLi [RyLRiV. ydNRPVsV Fs{qs
y[ P[lLi[ sLRiNRPV FLSRVysVyLRiV.
sNTPgRiR, LSNUPRV xmsWy N][xqssW
NSNRPVLiy ydNTP xmsWsLi N][xqsLi
FyLkiNRPdRLigS DRsVxqsVs dsALì{msFsqs
NRPV xqsLixmspLRiLigS xqsxNRPLjiLiy=s RR
ydNRPVLiRLji\|ms DLiRyLRiV. NRPVxmsLi
sVLi @sLiRxmsoLRiLi, NRPLRiWV, sVx
W sgRiLì dsVRVgS \|RLS`
BLijLSFyLRiVNRPV P[LRiVNRPVs FyRRWR
>T+, >T, b$T&
sTD\| dMT
s|\T $&T<\ #dTqHjT\T
sVVgjirysVyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi sVVsV
Li NSLSRV\sVs [N`P sp @jgRiX
sNTP s ssxmsRLi @LiR[rysVs
FyLRiV. Fss @RLiNRPVV FsRV\lLiy, Fs{qs
LjilLi[*xtsQs ryjLiP[sLRiNRPV dsALì{msFsqs FLS
Li Axms[Rs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. yyxmso
1100 NTP[dsVLRi s[VLRi rygRisVs FyR
RWR gSsV gSsW ydNRPV DRsV
RLjiR[ LRiryLiVVgS sFsVLiRy
LRiV. ydNRPVLiRLRiW Fys sRVsLiR
Li P[RWs szms P[aSLRiV.
NSLRiNRPsVLi[ LSxtsQ NSLRisLRi xqsVV
sLRizqsLixV, DFyRORPVV ydNTP

g][Fy, xmsys NSLRiRLji+ xmsxqsV
ygRiLS, xqsRV NSLRiRLji+
FysVT }qsxtsQs xqsVLiNTPlLiT, FysVT sVLiR
@RORPVV CaRP*LRiRV, DFyRORPVV
[RV xqsW LRiyLSRV, FsLjiNRPxms,
Jxms, xqsVLi NRPxms, gRiRLi ygRiLS, Aj,
bPs, JV [xqsV, LiNRPV LSsVRV,
xqsVLSRVVRV, Lji yLSRV,
]Rxms, gjiLji, ssVNS RV bdPy, gRiLixms
sVRV, xqsVyNRPL` , [RV V
RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
H{;{ q>\ yb] qT+ s.28.60 \\ kBq+

AgRiR, Gzms22(ZNPFssFss)M AgRiR xqsLji xmsLjij[s ygRisVLji
xmsLi[ \sd xqsLiRLRiLigS yysV FdxqsVV RsdV
P[xqsVLiRgS, @LiRV[ xmsRWxqsVs LigSLRiV sgRi RVNSLi yFyLji
yRVxmso LRixqsW @s[ sNTP sVLiT LRiW.28.60 ORPQsV ry*ksLi P[xqsVN]
[sRLi LjigjiLiRs AgRiR BsyLki TFs{qs xLjiy`lLiT FyLRiV.
VRyLRiLi TFsqszms NSLSRVLi[ s[NRPLRiV][ sWRVRW NRPLRiWV
Fsqszms AZNP.LRisNRPXxtsQ A[aS s[VLRiNRPV LSxmsp gRi{qs FsNRPVs
P[RWs A[aS s[VLRiNRPV ygRisVLji Fs|qs^= xLjixmsry` Rs zqsLij][
yysV RsdV P[xqsVLiRgS, LigSLRiV sgRi yFyLji sRVxmso
LRixqsW lLiLiRV xqsLiRV[ RVsV dxqsVNRPVsxqsVLiRLi][ FyV 81
gSsVV LigSLRiV ry*ksLi P[xqsVN][sRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. @LiRVNRPV
xqsLiLijLi LjiNSLRiVV FsVsLis [NRPFsRLi][ A sVVys
NRPLRiWV BsNRPLi N`P= @jNSLRiVNRPV xmsLizmsLiRRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV. @[
sRLigS FsNRPVs RVsV xmsRWLi[ dxqsVN]s LSsRs, yss

Fys Ljilgi[ @sNSaRPLi NRPWR DLiRs C sxtsQRWs
yFyLRixqsVLiRLRiW gRiVLjiLiys N][LSLRiV. [RLi[ sVss=xmn Lì
As\s @N_Li y*LS RVsV xmsLizmsLiRVNRPVs[ rNRPLRiLi LiN`PV
NRPLiyRVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. @lgi[ VRyLRiLi DRRVLi AgRiR zqsH
JV[xqsV, @x[Li gSsVLi\|ms yT P[zqs s* DLis ORPQ
LRiWFyRVV sVs P[RVV FsLRiRLiRsLisV ry*ksLi P[xqsVN][sRLi
LjigjiLiRs ssLjiLiyLRiV.
FdxqsV aS @jNSLRiV][ @ds FyLiR xqsdsVxmsLi[ Ds gSsW
xmsV xqsxNRPLjiLiys NRPWR Fs{qs AZNP[.LRisNRPXxtsQ RV[aSLRis
ssLjiLiyLRiV. ARVs][ FyV AgRiR zqsH JV[xqsV, sLiy zqsH
bPsxmsry`, ygRisVLji Fs|qs^= xLjixmsry`, GFs|qs^= yRVVRV, FdxqsV
zqsLij FyyLRiV.
>eTdT\ e{&TTq mdt, d

FysVT, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M LSsVLSxms
[ LRigRi[[V aRPVTLiT LRiVy\|ms {qsH ORPQ
s, FsqsH LRisaRPLiNRPLìlLiT gSsVxqsV][ VRy
LRiLi xqsdsVORPQ sLRi*zLiyLRiV. {qsH sWRVRW
gRiR LRiVy[ Ljigjis xmssWRLi xmsosLSsX
RLi NSNRPVLiy RWxqsVN][yyLRiV. sRV` xms
sWRLi LRigRiNRPVLiy aRPVTLiT FsRV RgjiLi
ysVyLRiV. LRiRLi\|msNTP FsZNP[ NRPVV xmsLjisV
s[VLRiNRPV DLiys, @k NRPsV xqsV
@sVsV dxqsVN][ys xqsWLiyLRiV.
d &b F
DLRisN]LiR, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) M DLRisN]Li
R[s ALki{qs TFsV ALìFsLi sLiNRP[aRP*LRiLSso
VRyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi ANRPzqsNRPLigS Rsd
P[aSLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs s[NRPLRiV][
sWRVRW [ ALki{qsNTP sVLi AyRVLi
srLiRyLRiV. \|mss[ xqsV=V, A[[
xmsRWLi xqsVLRiOTPQRLi NSRyLRiV. |mssx[Li
x[R=y xqsLiRLRiLigS xms[NRP xqsLki*xqsVV
GLSV P[RWs DLRisN]LiR UFsLiNRPV
A[aSV Lki P[zqssV FyLRiV.
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
nq+|s+ 15
+<|u
_& $<sT\ udtH fdT

LSRVRVLRiLi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): xmsLi[
sWR xqsW sLiRV CT syLRiVNRPV [qs\s
xqsV(FyRsVNRP rysVLRi sVjLixmso xmsLkiORPQV)
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS FsLiCJ ssLSV
gRiVLRiVyLRiLi 8s RLRigRi syLji [Rs syysV
xmsLkiORPQV sLRi*zLiRsVsV AsV FyLRiV. ssLjixqsW
xms sVLiRsNTP xmsVR*Li CT NRPaS GLSV
P[RVsVsLiRVs AsV FyLRiV.
|\T sVdTq m+z
24q s+> desD ~He+

LSRVRVLRiLi LRiWLRi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss):
C s 24s [js LSLi gRi xqssLRi j[R=sLi GLSV P[RVsVsV
FszmsTJ sLiNRPyRVVRV FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi rysNRP FsLizmsTJ
NSLSRVLi[ GLSV P[zqss s[LRiV xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs
sWRVRW sVs LSxts LSLigRiLi 24 Gzms 1994[ LSLigRiLi
GLS\ 23 xqsLisR=LSV xmspLji P[xqsVNRPVs 24 xqsLisR=LRiLi[NTP @RVgRiV
|msRVRVLiRRLi][ C s 24s sLRi*zLiRsVs NSLRiNRPsWsNTP
FsLizmsTzqsV, xqsLRiLiRVV, xmsxmssRVV gRiVLjiLiRVNRPVs C
NSLRiNRPsVLisNRPV LRiV NSys ARVs N][LSLRiV.
sT #T seT+| M&j qsH

LSRVRVLRiLi LRiWLRi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss):
rysNRP RxbdPLì NSLS RVLi[ VRyLRiLi dsLRiV c V
NSLRiNRPsVLi\|ms dsTW NSslLis= sLRi* zLiyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[
WgRiLRi @sXj\|ms xmsNRP sLRi* zxqsW WgRiLRi
@sXj N][xqsLi @jNSLRiV @LiRLRiW xqsxNRPLji Liys @lgi[ sVLiRLi[
BLiR sLRiNRPV Fss N`PyLiV soyLiVV. Fss ds NRPVLiV soyLiVV.
@[ sRLigS LRiVsoV Fss soyLiVV. ys gRiVLjiLiyyLRiV.
@sxqsLRiLi sos ][ N]R N`PyLiV GLSV P[RW= soLiRyLRiV.
C ss[jNRPs @R*LRigS xmsLiFys @yLRiV.
s| {&| $d deyX+
U.{lLi[, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss):
sVLiR ryLiVV .[.Fy NSLRiNRPLRiV, FsLizmszqsV, xqsLRiLiRV][
aRPVNRPyLRiLi sxqsXR xqssWs[aRPLi GLSV P[RVsVsV NRPds*sL`
xsVsVLiRlLiT FyLRiV. sVLiR ryLiVV .[.Fy NSLRiNRPLRiLiRLRiW C
xqssWs[aSsNTP RLRiLSys ARVs N][LSLRiV. aRPVNRPyLRiLi FssV[
xqssVORPQsVV[ P[xmsRVRVs C sxqsXR xqssWs[aSsNTP @LiRLRiW RLRis
sRVsLiRLi P[RWs ARVs N][LSLRiV.
sjT<TsZ+
sjT<TsZ+, >TeT>, & VsV, ueTqV, H\T
#sTe\T eTseTT\T.. < d<eX+

LSRVRVLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) : xmsVR*Li
dsLRiV c V NSLRiNRPsVLi NTPLiR P[xmss LRiVso
V, NRPVLiV, N`PyLi sVLRisVRVV xmssVV
P[xmsRLi B][ xqsRsNSaSs xqsj*sWgRiLi P[xqsV
N][y sWNRPsLRiLi xms[NSjNSLji sLiNRP[
aRPLi @jNSLRiVsV N][LSLRiV. VRyLRiLi ryRVLiNS
Li rysNRP lLissW ssLi[ sWNRPsLRiLi
HRV sVLiR RxbdPLRiV, FsLizmsTJV, ALì
RWFsqs [C, BLjilgi[xtsQs TC, DFyj sV
zqsLij][ xqsdsVOSQ xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
LRiVso NRPVLiV gRiVLjiLixmso xmssVV C ryRVLi
NSLi[gS ss[jNRPV NRPNRPLì NSLSRWsNTP
xmsLiFyyLRiV. gRiR yLRiLiL][ NTPRLi sVLi
NRPNRPLì A[aSs[VLRiNRPV BLjilgi[xtsQs LRiVsoV Fss,
\sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs LRiVsoV Fss @s gRiVLjiLiy
s A[aSV Bs gRiVLjiLiR[Rs BLjilgi[xtsQs

TC NRPLkiLiD\|ms AgRixLi sNRPLi P[aSLRiV.
LRiV so sVLRisVRVV xqsRsNSaRPLi C
@sNSaSs @s aS @jNSLRiVV
xqsj*sWgRiLi P[}qs xmsj NS FyV
\lLiRVV gRiVLjiLiRVNRPVLiLRis ARVs
}msL]yLRiV. CL][ ryRVLiNSLi[gS
xms @jNSLji RsV ss[jNRPsV NRPNRPLì
A{mnsxqsVNRPV ss[ jNRPV By*s xqsWLiyLRiV.
HRWFsLizms @jNSLRiVV xqssWs[aSsNTP
deyX+ e{&TTq |~] y+fX+
LRiV NSNRPFsRLi][ NRPNRPLìNRPV zmnsLSRV
P[RVsVsV ARVs AgRixLi sNRPLi
xmspTNRP dR xmssVsV 45 L][[ xmspLji
P[aSLRiV. N`PyLi sLS[ sVV FyR P[RWs NRPNRPLì A[bPLisV FyLRiV.
szxqsVs HRWFsLizms yLRiV FsLiRVNRPV LRiV NSsos @s aS @jNSLRiVV xqssVs*RVLi][
NS[Rs AgRixLi sNRPLi P[aS LRiV. LRiVso[ xmssP[zqs NRPXztsQ P[RWs ARVs N][LSLRiV.
b<jTT&> @Cd
|+#jTr &+|+> jsT @sT #k+

U.{lLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) : sVLiRLi[s xms gSsV xmsLiy
LiVVd[ gSsV[s RsV s[}qsLiRVNRPV RLizmsLigì RWLRiVsV GLSV
P[rysVs Czqs sVVLRid FyLRiV. sVLiR xmsLjixtsQ` NSLSRVLi[ VR
yLRiLi DFyj zqsLij][ xqssWs[aRPLi GLSV P[aSLRiV. xms gSsV xmsLiy
LiVVd[ xmsVR*Li A[aSV s[VLRiNRPV RLizmsLigì GLSV P[xqsVysVs,
R*LRi[s[ xmssVV FyLRiLirysVs ARVs RV[aSLRiV. gSsW[
xmsNRPV @sVNRPWLigS DLi[ xqsLi[ gSsW[s y yLSs s[}qsLi
RVNRPV @sVNRPWLigS xqs*yLiRxms[a`P[ gRiLigS C xmssVsV P[xmsRLi
LRiVgRiVRVLiRs, zqsLij @Liy C xmssVsV s[gRisLiRLi P[RWs
ARVs xqsWLiyLRiV. xms gSsVLi[ NRPWd aSRLi |msLiys, ds
sVs DLiP[ xmssVsV P[xmss FszmsJ A[bPLiyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[
FszmsJ @xmsVry*sV yRVVRV, [ssV, LS[ts RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
sY M&j qsH
sVs, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): rysNRP RxbdPLì NSLSRVLi[
VRyLRiLi NRPNRPLì][ RxbdPLì xqsVsVLi, FsLizmsTJ gRiLigRisV
dsTW NSslLis= sLRi*zLiyLRiV. yLRiV sWRVRW dsLRiV c V
NSLRiNRPsVLi NTPLiR sVLiRLi[s LRiVso[ xmspTNRP xmssVV, sVLRisVRV
xmssVV P[LiVVLiyyLRiV. ds][ FyV xqs}ms ys= NRPWy
sVLRisVRVV xmssV\|ms dsTW NSslLis= sLRi*zLisV yLRiV
FyLRiV. dsLji][ FyV TFsmnsJ LSxmnsVsRV sVLiRLi[s xmsVR*
xmsys @jNSLRiVV FyyLRiV.
bsX\ y#YyTHqT jT$T+#T+&

LSRVRVLRiLi, Gzms 22(ZNP.Fss.Fss): s[ sVLiT xmsVR* FyhRiaSNRPV
s[xqss |qssoV sRVVRVLiRRLi][ FyhRiaS LRiORPQ N][xqsLi
xmsy[FyyRVVV \|mss[ sNTPs y`sVsgS sRVsVLiRVN][ys
FsqsH sVsLij DFyyRVVNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. xmsVR* AxqsV LRiORPQ
@LiRLji RR NRPsVNRP DFyyRVVV, rysNRP xmsxmssRV][
xqsLixmsjLi C 52 L][NRPV \|mss[ sNTPs sRVsVLiRVN][ys ARVs
xqsWLiyLRiV. y`sVs [NRPFsRLi][ RLRiRW ]LigRiRyV LRigRiysNTP
@sNSaRPLi DLiRs ARVs FyLRiV.
b<jTT&> @Cd
gRiVsVxmnsV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss) : sVLiR
Li[s g][ss FsLizmsRVVzms FyhRiaSsV sVLigRi
yLRiLi @TxtsQs LiVVLi NRPNRPLì xqsRV`
Dks Rsd sLRi*zLiyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi sy
LRiV][ @s ssLSsV @Tgji VxqsVNRPVyLRiV.
FyhRiaS[ 3,5 RLRigRiRV syLRiVNRPV xmsV
R*Li sLRi*zLis Li xmsLkiORPQV LSzqss yLji
deyX+ e{&TTq @Cd

s ssLSV @Tgji VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi
FyhRiaS[ 5 sVLij zmnsNRP LiTNSms s
yLRiV ssLSsV @Tgji VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. V
jsWLiRLi, s, sVWgRi RjRLRi syLRiV
sV RRLiRVV FyhRiaSNRPV xmsLizmsLiys s
yLRiV RRLiRVNRPV @sgS xs NRPLiP[Li
RVNRPV NRPXztsQ P[RWs |`FsLi @Lis xmsNRPV
b<jTT\ #sY yTy

gRiVsVxmnsV, Gzms 22 (ZNPFss
Fss ) : sVLiRLi [s
xmsLjixtsQ` \|xqsW[ @TxtsQs
LiVVLi NRPNRPL` xqsRV`
Dks sVLigRiyLRiLi ANRP
zqsNRPLigS Rsd sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
sRVNRPV \lgi\lLi LjixtsQLì[ zqs
Fs s[zqs JTVgS sWLRiVNRPVy
LRis[ sxtsQRVLi\|ms G[zqs AgRixLi
sVRVRW rysNRP BsyLì
|`FsLi bPsNRPV sWLìsV sVLiR
LiyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi 6 sVLij
DFyyRVVNRPV LjixtsQLì[ zqsFs RWxmsoRW
JTgS sWLRiVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV TC][ sWT
yLRi`sVsWV By*s A[bPLiyLRiV. sVLiRLi
[s FyhRiaS[ RRVsoRVs sNRPLigRi sy
LRiVNRPV sVLiR xmsLjixtsQ` \|xqsW[ NS
]sT\T |]o*dTq @Cd

LSRVLi sLRi*zLi yLji g][gRiVV RWxqsV
N][ys xmsVR*Li sLRiLiVVLiLij. @LiVV[
G[{qs Rsd[ NSLSRWsNTP yLi s[RV
RLi][ ARVs AgRixLi sVRVRW H
ALìzqs N][ ALjis[Lì FyLiRVLRiLigSLSsoNRPV yLjis
A[bPLiyLRiV. HALìzqs N][ALjis[Lì FyLiRVLRiLigS

LSso, ALìH LRixmnsVV, dsAL][* LRiVRsVV, FyhRiaS
DFyyRVVV FyyLRiV.
szqs[ @jNSLRiV][ G[zqs : sVLigRiyLRiLi
gRiVsVxmnsV RxbdPLì NSLSRVLi[
@TxtsQs LiVVLi NRPNRPLì xqsRV` Dks
sVLiR @jNSLRiV][ xqsdsVOSQ xqssWs[aRPLi
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. gSsW[ ygRiVds xqssVxqsV,
FyLjiaRPVRLi, gRiLRisRV sLkiV DFyj sV
xmssV[ gRiLigS LRiVso[ \lLiRVNRPV sVs
RLRiLiRRLi @LiaS\|ms RxbdPLì @xmnss
FsLizmsTJsV @Tgji VxqsVNRPVyLRiV. gSsW[
sVVLigS ds FsRT NSLRiLigS ygRiVds
xqssVxqssV xmsLjixtsQLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV RsV sLiRV
RR sLRi*zLiys ALìRWFsqs [C
xLjiNTPxtsQyRVN`PNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. @lgi[ DFyj
sV NRPWdNRPV sLjisgji NRPWd xmssVV NRPLi
sxqs syLRiNRPV RLRiV dxqsVN][yyLRiV.
C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ RxbdPLì @xmnss,
FsLizmsTJ sVVsRV, \syjNSLji yNRPLì
zsVLiRW, sLRiLki yNRPLì @sNRPVsWLì
RjRLRi aS @jNSLRiVV FyyLRiV.
sLis[ xqs|qsLi` P[RWs A[aSV ByLRiV.
@sLiRLRiLi FyhRiaS[ [s Gds=NRPV xqsLiLi
jLis sV[sV=sV Rsd sLRi*zLiRsVs gRiV
sVxmnsV RxbdPLì @xmnssNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV.
Rsd[ sV[sV= sVs=[ sL][ FyV
LjixtsQLì sVLiVVLi[s P[RWs Gds=NTP ARVs
zmnsLSRV P[aSLRiV. rysNRPLigS Ds |`FsLi\|ms
Gds= LiRV[xqsW sVVRryLji RxmsVP[xqsVy
ss [RLi[ sLis[ xqs|qsLi` P[RVszqs sxqsVLi
Rs dsLigS |RLjiLiyLRiV. B DFyyRVV
V FyhRiaS sRVNRPV RVsW N] @NTP*s=[
sWRLi zqsFsV JTVgS sWLRiVN][sRLi
GsV C xqsLixqsX @s dsLigS sVLiTxmsy
RV. DFyyRVVV syLRiVNRPV y\sVs s
RsV @LijLi sxtsQRV RLSsV NSFyy
=s dsVlLi[ B RxmsVV P[}qs xqssWLi Fs
gRiVxmsRVRVLiRs DFyyRVVsV D[bPLi
sVyLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ Gzqs][ FyV
HALìzqs N][ALjis[Lì FyLiRVLRiLigRiLSso,
ALìH LRixmnsVV, dsAL][* LRiVRsVVV FyyLRiV.
16 nq+|s+
50 sE #sTe |P&r |qT\T #|{*

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22
(ZNPFssFss): dsLRiVcV NSLRiNRPsV
Li[ gRiLigS LSsVs 50 L][[
LRiVso[ xmspTNRPd}qs NSLRiNRPsWs
|msR FsRVs P[xmss NRPNRPLì
N][s aRPbPRLì @jNSLRiVsV A[bPLiy
LRiV. VRyLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[ sVLi @s
sVLiR FsLi{msU[V, Rxzqs
LRiV, ALìRWFsqs, xmsLiyRVdLS,
\sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs aS @jNSLRiVV,
sWNRPsLRi, sVLiR xms[NRP @j
NSLRiV][ ARVs dsTW NSslLis=
sLRi*zLiyLRiV. NRPNRPLì sWRVRW
FsLi{msU[V, RxzqsLRiV, xmsLiyRV
dLS, \sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs aS
@jNSLRiVV @LiRLRiW NRPzqs xmsVR*
WsVV[ dsV sVLiRLi[ Fss
LRiVsoV, Fss NRPVLiV DyRV
s, y s{qsLRiLi FsLiR @s sxtsQ
RVLi\|ms sLis[ ss[jNRPsV xqssVLji
LiyyLRiV. dsLRiVcV NSLRiNRPsVLi
NTPLiR sVLiRryLiVV[ xmsLiyRVd
LS, \sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs, y*sW aS
@jNSLRiVV xqsLiRVVNRPLigS LRiVso[
xmspTNRPdR, LRiVso NRPsV [}ms
RLi P[RVRLi, LRiVso NRPsV Lji}msLji
P[RVRLi Li NSLRiNRPsWV
P[xmsyLRiV. LRiVso[ xmspTNRP
>TsTys+, 23 @| 2015
+<|u
sT\ HjT+ #jT+&

wb+> eeV]+# zqT jT$T+#+&
sYqT ]q myT nsY #+<uc
@sLiRxmsoLRiLi NRPNRPlLi[, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss): Fsds NRPVLi sVLiRLi[
rLì zqs NSLRiLigS WsVVV N][[RVs s\sVs \lLiRVsV gRiVLjiLiR
RLi[ @yRVLi LjigjiLij. sVVLigS zms. N]Rxms, jgRiVs RWxms, s
gSLjixms, FsgRiVsRWxms, Fyxmss gSLjixms, @VgRiVLi yLji xms gSsW[
@L>RiV\s \lLiRV FsLizmsNRP[ @NRPsWV LjigjisV sW RXztsQNTP syRVs
NRPjLji aSxqss xqsVV @yLì yLiùy @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi ARVs
@RW gSsW \lLiRV][ NRPzqs NRPNRPLì NSLims NSLSRWsNTP LSdgS
syLRiV. @NRPR NRPNRPL` N][saRPbPRLì NRPzqs Cs[VLRiNRPV J ss xmsRLi
xqssVLjiLiyLRiV.
C xqsLiRLRiLigS FssV[ @yLì yLi` uy sWRVRW..
@L>RiV\s \lLiRV }msLRiV FsLizmsNRP y[ [syLRiV. WsVVV FsNRPRV
yW NRPWyRVs.. BRLRi FyLiy[ NSxmsoLRisVVLiVs @sL>RiVsV A
y[ P[LSLRiyLRiV. FyLkiNRPdRLigS s\sVs @L>RiV\s \lLiRVNRPV
yRVLi P[RWs TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. sLigS rygRiV[ Ds G INRP
\lLiRVNRPW @yRVLi LRigRiNRPWRRyLRiV. s\sVs sLS*zqsRVsV gRiVLjiLiRRLi
[ N]LiRLRiV @jNSLRiVV, N]LiRLRiV rysNRPLigS Ds yRVNRPV ITNTP Rgji
@sL>RiVsV FsLizmsNRP P[zqssV VrLiRyLRiV. s\sVs yLRiV FsLizmsNRPNRPV
sxtsQORPQFyRLigS ssxLjiLiP[ ALìTI ryLiVV @jNSLjis sRVsV}qs @L>RiVNRPV
yRVLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ TzqsFsLiFsqs \lLiNRPLì gRikaRP*LRi
lLiT, ZNP. bPylLiT, AjlLiT, bPylLiT, sLiNRPyLSRV, xqsVlLiT, NTPuylLiT
RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
sY $q|+ n+<CdTq ~] myT nsY#+<uc
;Cym+ sw n<\T $wesH s&

DLRisN]LiR, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
n~sT\qT <+q
sY q X<sY
dRWLi[ @F` ysNRPV xmspTNRP
dRWyLRiV. LSsVsj sL<SNSLi
@s, ds xqsLiLRiORPQ xmsRRV y*LS
xqsLiLRiOTPQLiRVN][yyLRiV. xmsLiyRVd
LS LiNRPVds \sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs
aS NTPLiRNRPV sryRVyLRiV. [
yyxmso 3s[ LRiVsoV, NRPVLiV
DyRVs, Fss NSyLi[ @sLi
NUP xmspTNRP dRVysNTP @sVsVs
BrysVs FyLRiV. xmspTNRPdzqss
sVs DRLigS \lLiRVV dxqsVZNP
sRVyLRiV. 48 gRiLi[ |qsxtsQ
Txmsp NRPNRPLRiV RsV sWNRP
sLRiLi[ xms[NRP @jNSLRiV x[y
[ sVLiR @jNSLRiV][ xqssWs
[aRPLi GLSV P[zqs sLis[ LRiVso[
xmspTNRPdR xmssVsV FyLRiLiLiy
yLRiV. Fss N`P yLiVyLiVV ?
Fss |msLRiV[xtsQs LiNRPVV, Fss
sVds LiNRPVV DyRVs[ ss[j
NRPsV sLis[ @LijLiys @jNSLRiV
sV NRPNRPLì A[bPLiyLRiV. Fss N`P
yLiV sLjiLiy[ @sVsV dxqsV
N][yyLRiV. B dss s*
sw+ 25 \\ ub du+
M&j qsH sVdTq sY qX<sY

P[xqsVNRPVs ARVs AaRPRW s[VLRiNRPV 8
dsV. ryLiVV[ DLi[sRLigS WgRiLRi
sV dxqsVNRPVNRPsP[LiRVNRPV @LiR
LRiW NRPXztsQ P[RWyLRiV. gSsV xmsLi
yRVdNTP 10 ]xmsVs @s gSsV
xmsLiyRVd[ 10s[ FnyLRiLixmnsLi`=
sLjiLiRV[ gRiLigS y g_Li
TLig` yLRiLi[xmso LRigSyLRiV.
HFsLiHFsqs rymss[Lì[ sNTPgRiR
sVLRiVgRiV]R yLRiV [sV @ms
[` P[aSLRis, ys zmsLi @so
dzqs sLis[ RsNRPV xmsLiFyyLRiV.
gRiVTLiR, @gRi, [FyOTPQ, VNRPLS
RVxqssVVRLi, |msRsRVgRiWLRiV, N]R
LRiVso, xmsoxmsLji, FsszmsNRPVLi[
[ @ms[` NSLRiNRPsVLi xqsLjigS
LRigRiRLi [Rs, sLis[ yLRiV lLiNTP\|mns
P[xqsVN][yyLRiV. @RsxqsLRi xmsLjizqs

RV[ Rxms s[xqss sVVgji}qs sLRiNRPV
ALìRWFsqs, \sVsLì BLjilgi[xtsQs,
sVVszqsFy, xmsLiyRVdLS
Li RjRLRi aS @jNSLRiVV
|qssosV DxmsWgjiLiRVN][LSRs,
xms xqsLiZOP[QsWs\ZNP xmss P[RWs
ARVs A[bPLiyLRiV. xmsVsoLRiV
sVLiR @jNSLRiVV RsV xqsLi[
sV @Tgji ssX P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. NSLRi
NRPsVLi[ [{qs OUPQNSLiRLi, ALì
RWFsqs FsqsC yLRiNRPy`, \sVsLì
BLjilgi[xtsQs aS FsqsC aSsNRPVsWLì
lLiT, xmsLiyRVdLS FsqsC LRis
NRPVsWLì, {qs{msJ xqsVRLRi+s, FsqsU{qs
RNRPFy RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
LSxtsQLi[ d[{ms P[xmss xqsR* ssWRV[ Bxms sLRiNRPV 25

ORPQ sVLij xqsR*Li F~LiyLRis d[\ FsLi LSxtsQ @RORPVRV sxtsQVsLRislLiT
FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi ydNTP NRP sVLixmsLi[ GLSV P[zqss xqssWs
[aRPLi[ ARVs sWyLRiV. 11 s NSLi[ 11 xqsLiZOP[QsV xmsRNSV xmss[aRP
|mss xmnsVsR sWU ryLRiRLi[s Fsds[V xmsVy*sZNP[ RNTPLiRyLRiV.
d[{ms[ P[lLi[LiRVNRPV ysVLij AxqsNTP RWxmsoRVyLRiyLRiV. gSsVxmsLiyRV
dNRPV LkigS sRVV sRVR P[RVRLi][ xqsLRiLiRVV RsV FyLki[
P[LRiysNTP zqsRLigS DyLRiyLRiV.
sWU xmss[aRP|mss xqsLiZOP[QsV xmsRNSsV gSsW[ xms sRNRPV
dxqsVZNPs NSLRiNRPLRiNRPV zmsVxmsosyLRiV. NSLRiNRPsVLi[ d[\sFsLi LSxtsQ
xmsys NSLRiRLji+ LRidsLiRLS, d[{ms NSLRiRLji+ N][NS sLiNRPxms,
yRVNRPVV zqsRxms, LiRLì, jLkiy` RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
deyX+ e{&TTq $wesHs&
deTqjT+ <b n_e~ w #j*

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi, Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki xqsLirygRiR Fss
NRP[ FssVN][Ts yRVNRPVV, NSLRi
NRPLRiLiRLjids xqssVs*RV xmsLRiVRVNRPVs
FyLki [}msysNTP @sXj [Fy
ZaP[VV NRPXztsQ P[RWs @sLiR
@LRis FsLiFsG xmsNRPLì _RLji
VRyLRiLi INRP xmsNRPs[ FyLRiV.
Cs 19s Ljigjis
xqsLirygRiR Fss NRP[ @sLiR
@LRisNRPV xqsLiLijLi VgRiV[aRPLi
ys @sVLiR xqsLixmnsW NRPsV
FssNRP @js[R yLS RLiRV
yRVVRV A[aSsVryLRiLi xmsLjibdPNRPV
xmsLRis[ORPQ[ sszLiy sVyLRiV.
A L][[ sgRiLRi NRPsVs xmsNRPLi
ysVs, xmsxqsVRLi @sVLiR
myT |usY #<]

xqsLixmnsW NRPsVsV sRVR P[xqsV
ysVyLRiV. 2014[ Ljigjis Fss
NRP[ [Fy sRVLi N][xqsLi NUPRW
bdPNRPLigS FLSTs xms INRPLjiNUP
NRPsV[ rysLi NRPLiysVyLRiV.
NRPVLi, sRVxqsV=, RRVso, FyLki xqs
R*Li, yLjisRsTNRP RjRLRi @LiaS
sV ORPVLigS xmsLjibdPLi FssNRP[
@L>RiR NRPLiysVs, A xmsNSLRis[V
[Fy ZaP[VLiRLRiW RsV yRVNRPV
sV GNRPgkisLigS FssVN][sRLi Ljigji
LiRyLRiV. FssNRP xmsLjibdPNRPV
AsWRLi][ xmsxqsVRLi sgRiLRi VgRiV
sVz, sVVzqsLi \sVyLki NRPsVsV
sRVR P[xqsVysVyLRiV. sgRiLRi
\T>T eTV n<s\T

d<\ VeT\
VgRiV sVz @RORPVLSgS
xqsR }sVR, DFyRORPVLSVgS
LS[aRP*Lji, xmsys NSLRiRLji+gS LiT

lLi[VNRPsV, NSLRisLS*xNRP NSLRiRLRiV+
VgS xqsVgRiV, LSR, NSLRiRLRiV+VgS
xmsys, ygRisV, N][aSjNSLjigS
g_Lki][FyV 8 sVLijs xqsVVgS
FssVN][sRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV.
sgRiLRi [Fy sVVzqsLi
\sVyLki NRPsV[ sgRiLRi @RORPVVgS
sWlLi , DFyRORPVTgS |`
LRizmns, xmsys NSLRiRLji+gS LRixqsW,
NSLRisLS*xNRP NSLRiRLRiV+VgS
@{msLS, yLiùy, NSLRiRLRiV+
VgS
NRPTRW
xmnsNRPXks,
LRixLiRV, N][aSjNSLjigS @NRPLì
][FyV 8 sVLijs xqsVVgS
FssVN][sRLi LjigjiLiRs FyLRiV.
dq y<T\| n|eT+> +&+&

@sLiRxmsoLRiLi \sRLi,
Gzms 22 (ZNPFssFss):
.{qss yRV\|ms @xmssVRLigS
DLiys.. gRiR lLiLi[VgS G[V
FyLiy[ {qss yRVV
@jNRPLigS DyW ys gRiVLjiLi
, sVVLiRxqsV RLRiV dxqsVN][y s
\sR AL][gRiaS @jNSLji y.
xmsVyqs @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi rys
NRP TFsLi|Ì yLiLì[ ARVs
Txmsp TFsLi|Ì, FyNRPV @jNS
LRiV][ xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
ARVs sWRVRW [FsqsFsqsZNP
sRV y*LS gRiLji {qsQV FsNRP\y
\|mss[ rysLigì |qsLiLì[ rys
Ligì P[LiVVLiRVNRPVsV LRibdPRV dxqsV
&m+V#Yz |uT<dt
N]}qs LRiW.200 A rysLigì |qsLiLìNRPV
As\s y*LS xmsVR*Li BxqsVLiR
yLRiV. BLiRVNRPVgSsV @jNSLRiVV
sVLi rysLigì |qsLiLìsV gRiVLjiLi,
ssWRV P[LiVVLiyyLRiV. sWy
bPaRPV NTPLigì FsxmsNRPxmsVRV @ms
[` P[LiVVLiyyLRiV.
xms aRPVNRPyLRiLi FyNRPV
@jNSLRiVV IN]NRP GLjiRWNRPV s
\|Ljiqs ZNP[xqsVsV @ms[` P[LiVVLiy
yLRiV. xms{qs ZNP[xqsVV 11.4 aSRLi
ssWRsoRVy RVs.. ys xmsj
aSRLi NRPLi[ RNRPVsogS xms{qs
ZNP[xqsVV sP[ sRLigS RLRiV dxqsV
n~sT\ deyX+ sVdTq &m+V#Yz |uT<dt

N][yyLRiV. xms{qs yj gSxqsV
sV RWLRiLigS DLiR NRPVLiy.. yLjiNTP
xqs\lLis NTPR=V @Lij LiyyLRiV.
xqssWs[aRPLi[ @TztsQs TFsLi|Ì
V sLiNRPLRisV, sFsqs xmsyms,
zmsIT xqsVR, sxLì
AL][gRi xqsVLRiORPQ Lì, y.

sRVsV, TFsLiI Aj yLSRV,
FssALì|`FsLi TzmsFsLiI @s
NRPVsWLì, sW xLji dNRPVsWLji,
Txmsp TFsLi|Ì V RjRLRiVV
FyyLRiV.

Prabha - 23-4-15

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Prabha - 23-4-15

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