1 sua SAP BASISR/2 Client-Server 1. Client provides an interface to communicate with the server. Eg: le, GUL 2. Client uses D8 Client software to communicate with server 3. Each request is processed by communicating with server only Le. there is no intermediate layer in R/2 4, Servers are heavily loaded/ traffic long queues there by reducing the performance of the servers 5. There is no queuing mechanism and only server queues are maintained 6, Server needs to process the request (Understanding the user language). Interpretation takes time. These are the disadvantages of R/2 Systems. Client Server Environment: Client requests and server responds. The major disadvantage of Client Server architecture is 1. DB Client is installed on the client 2. Processing takes place at client side 3. No intermediate buffers for the frequently accessed content 4 There is no queue mechanism to handle the requests there by servers are heavily loaded. 5. The server side processing consumes resources to process (Interpret the user requests) The need of middle layer/ tier rose to come out of the steps. The result is the Application layer/ Server, Application server is deployed and it provides the following functionality 1. DB Client is installed to free up the clients (ie. there will be only one DB Client for Application server earlier each client needs DB Client software) 2. There is a queue mechanism to handle the request there by reducing the load on the client and 3, User requests are served based on the FIFO using dispatcher. 4, Work process task handlers are used to interpret and process the request4 5. Intermediate buffers are available for the frequently accessed content to reduce the load on the Database server. 6. The server side processing is only takes place for new requests there by server resources are optimally used Need for the Middle Layer: R/3 Architecture UEUE tree oF DBCLIENT MIDDLE LAYER ard Layer ‘Appleation Layer Eater (GUI Easier (QUEUE Case {DB Cent Case" | Bute Cache Processing Processing Fully Loaded Dine to DB ‘The advantages of deploying Application Layer: It is the Intermediate layer in between the Client and the Server. It is installed with a database client to communicate with the database server ie. all the clients are freed with DB Clients, CLIENT ‘CLIENT DB CLIENT SERVER CLIENT Application Server Application server/ layer handle the request and process them based on FIFO (First in and First out). It hhas its own queue mechanism to process the user request. It also contains the task interpreters to interpret the user request and route it to the server.Itis intelligent to store the frequently accessed data thereby reducing the load on the server. R/3 Architecture: ‘SAP uses the industry specific 3-Layer Architecture and named it as R/3 Architecture, It consists of three 3 Layers 1 Presentation Server/ Layer/ Tier 2. Application Server, 3. Database Layer 1 Presentation Server: Itisa client for all the SAP Solutions. Its also referred as SAPGUL There are three 3 types of SAP GUL 1. SAP GUI for windows (On Windows 0S) 2.SAPGUTfor JAVA (On all OS where JAVA is supported) 3.SAPGUI for HTML (for web based) ‘SAP provides various versions of GUI (4.6¢, 620, 640, 700, 710 and 720) 2. Application Server: It is used to handle the user request and process them to the database. It has dispatcher to process and monitor the user request, work process to process and interpret the requests, Buffer areas to store the frequently accessed data, It absorbs the load both from Client and the server. 3. Database server/ layer/ tier: It's the area where the complete data resides. It has its own queue, process, buffers, and request handling mechanism. Most of the databases are on Oracle. SAP is pushing MAXDB (without any license key), Microsoft SQL Server & IBM DB2 with discounted prizes. ‘SAP is focusing SMB (Small Mid-sized Business) and promoting SAP for nearly 1 million/ Rs. 10 Lakhs/ per customer.Supporting Platforms SAP can be installed on Microsoft windows 2000, win2K3 (2008 is under evaluation). It ‘can be installed on 32bit or 64bit operating systems. 64 bit means a single process can serve the user with 4GB RAM/ Memory whereas in 32 bit itis 19GB Memory. 2% 2” / 8 bytes, HP UNIX and ORACLE HP UNIX 1123 ORACLE 9206 /10204 AIX and ORACLE IBM Specific operating system with version 5.3 technical Tt level 7 (TL, AIX and 06/2 Proprietary of1BM gives more mileage. Both provided by IBM ISERIES/ AS400 with DB/2 This is also IBM specific which provides more consistency, reliability, mileage than any other ‘operating system and database Sun OS (SOLARIS with ORACLE) LINUX (SUSE, RHL (RED HAT LINUX) and ORACLE LINUX) Note: Linux with MaxDB is supported by SAP and provides more leverage (Finance) Microsoft windows and SQL Server This isthe best combination for interactive usageInstallation of Presentation Server (SAPGUI) Use presentation server DVD and go to the respective OS win32 and run setupall.exe and follow the onscreen instructions. > Saplogon icon is installed on the desktop. > Double click and enter the entries of the application server Launch saplogen icon and click on New Item Enterthe Description Application Server SID system No BASIS 1LIt provides runtime to SAP Applications 2. Basis isa layer where all the applications reside 3. Basis provides the infrastructure to manage, monitor, and administer the SAP Applications Fg Basis provides User Management Business process Monitoring Role based Security Performance Gauge ete. ‘Three 3 Tier/ Layer/ Server Architecture 1 Presentation Server 2. Application Server 3, Database Server 1 Presentation Server I is an SAP GUL It is of 3 types SAPGUI for windows, HTML and JAVA. It is used to establish connection with SAP Application Server based on the name of the application server, Instance Number, SID ete.Installation of Presentation Server (SAPGUI) Use presentation server DVD and go to the respective OS win32 and run setupall.exe and follow the onscreen instructions. Saplogon icon is installed on the desktop. Double click and enter the entries of the application server Launch saplegen icon and click on New Item Se ete) a Enterthe Description Application Server SID System No Click on logon Advantages of Presentation Server 1 Single GUI to access all the SAP Applications (ERP, CRM, SCM, XI, BI and SRM) 2, We can login with our logon language ie. specify the language during logon. Same GUtis allowed to login with different languages 3. GUlis user friendly to create favorites, startup transactions~ To create Favorites Login - From Tools Administration SUOL - From Menu Favorites > Add To setup startup transactions From menu Extras ~ Set startup transaction 4, GULis downward compatible to support al the SAP Applications which are below the gui version Example) GUI 7.0 cannot support the component that are built on 7.10 but 7.0 can handle 7.00, 640, 620, 46D, 45A et. 5. User parameters are defined for the frequently keyed in content. Eg: A user belonging to the sales ‘organization, division, plant, sales area should get all the values by default while creating sales order (VAD) etc, ‘To provide default values for a user while creating a Sales order. Steps: 1. Execute VAO2 (Sales order creation) order Toe Saesorpnaason [6001] sates og cermary Diskiton Chanel Si Dret ales @ Select the value for sales organisation by pressing FA Click on sales organisati jon field and press F1 and click on technical settings. Note the parameter 1DRepeat the same for Distribution Channel and Division. 2. Execute SUOL ~ Edit the user - From Parameters Tab -Provide PID and Value vKo 001 ‘Sales orgarizaton nv Lieto anne Save the data. Now whenever the user executes the transaction VAOI it willbe filled with the default values with 0001 and 01 for Sales organization and Distribution channel respectively there by teducing the user tasks. 6 User can be specified with 1. Role based menu or with 2, SAP Easy access Menu to reduce the load fon the request processing (Roll Area) 7. SAP GUL is intelligent to determine the least loaded server when more than one instance is configured, It gets the information from the Message server. 8. It provides access across the low speed connections and displays the screens without graphics/ logo which consume more network traffic. (Low Speed High Speed) 9. It provides command window to navigate to the respective functionality and minimizes dialogue steps. 110. GUL entries are controlled by using saplogon.ini/ sapmsg ini/ saproute.i ‘These files reside in windows directory ie. we can configure one GUI and copy the files to the other systems easi Goto. Windows directory Saplogonini - Copying provides all the parameters111. SAP Provides ergonomically designed to configure GUI font size, colors and visual design ete. 112. SAP Provides various shortcuts window /n to open window from existing window and /o to open a ‘new window /ex to exit the screen, 113, GUI provides default menus (System; Help), 114, The character set can be changed to suite various languages and printers 2. Application Server Itisa physical server whichis used to handle and process the user request. In SAP naming convention wwe define them as an Instance and its possible to install more than one instance on a single server provided they are differentiated by the instance number Instance number is a2 digit number that varies between [00 to 97] 98 and 99 are reserved for routing purposes. Instances is of various types L.Database Instance. 2, Central Instance. 3. Dialogue Instance. 1, Database Instance This isthe Instance where database is installed 2. Central Instance This isthe Instance where Application Server/ Tiet/ Layer are installed. There will be only ‘one instance in the entire system. 3. Dialogue Instance ‘These are the instances which are used to handle the load on the central instances. We can install as many instances as possible assuming that each instance can serve up to 200 - 500 users depending upon the type of the users.Kernel Set of Executables (OS, DB, Unicode, 32/64 bit dependent) |\usr\sap\SID\sys\exe Start - Run - sqlplus “/as sysdba” Select username from dba_users (database users) Select BNAME from SAPSR3.USRO2; (Sap Users) Kernel Provides communication between SAP, DB and the OS. Usr\sap\\sys\exe\ue\NTI386 Installation Logs Sapinst.log ~ Specifies the installation success / failure Sapinst dev.log - also provides similar log in case of installation is aborted tsk file specifies the table/ index etc that needs to be created on the DB, Each task is commanded by .emd file and during the process they writes into Jog file fa Sasapappl0tsk bek SapapplO.tsk Sapappl0.cmd Sapappi0log Sapappldstr _~ Structure of the 08 Controlxm! Keydb.xml_-Helps to restart instalation from the point where itis failed.B WHAT HAPPENS DURING INSTALLATION? 1. Extracts the software. 2. Sapinst tool is used to install the software if required we need to download it from service sap.com/swde 3. Checks for user ADM (SAP System Administrator) ‘Who owns SAP System and has all the privileges on SAP (Start/ Stop/ Environment) Domain Admin; AD Admin = Can create the userid Note: The user who initiates the installation should have the privileges as Local administrator to install the software, create users, create groups, assign groups, create services etc, (This problems occurs in a Domain) Ifthe user does not exist it creates now. ‘On Windows OS ADM is also responsible for database but on UNIX ORA is the owner to work on the database. ORA provide the runtime environment for Database. Windows ‘App Server Database ADM ADM UN App Server Database ADM. ‘ORA-SID>Note: SAPSERVICE is a service used to start and stop the services (Password never expires) - ADM expires for every 30 days Eg: SAPOSCOL, SAPSID-Instance Number 5.1 ereates local groups and global groups and assigns them to users Global groups - Domain Level Local groups - Locally SAP LocalAdmin ‘SAP SOL GlobalAdmin from Computer Management -> Local SAP SOL LocalAdmi Users and Computers we can view this 6.1t creates Servi SAP_00, SAP_01, SAPOSCOL, SAPCCMSR are created and Run with user. SAP is used to start the SAP System: if the service is not started SAP will not start. SAPOSCOL is started first to check whether the resources are available (Operating system collector) It is used to collect the OS Utiization information and pass into SAP system, SAPCCMR is an agent to collect JARM (Java Application response time Management) and pass it to ABAP CCMS (Computing Center Monitoring System) Itis only used in JAVA and ABAP stack. Users Groups Services Creating directories Executables = OS Dependent = DB DependentNote ~ Master password is set accordingly to the company policy Extract Kernel Executables (OS, DB) = Create MMC for Windows to start/stop sap system From cmd prompt Startsap name=SID _nr=00 SAPDIAHOST=willsys28 Setsthe useras SAPSR3_—_ for ABAP SAPSR3DB_ for Java Engine Where the systems are installed with these schema owners .e, these users owns the respective databases, Query: Select count(*) from dba tables where owner = 'SAPSR3' 29769 ABAP related tables, Select count("), owner from dba tables group by owner: 7. Creates the Database and runs the scripts 8. Creates the tablespaces and datafiles on DDLORA.TPL. Tablespaces are just like almirah in a house. 9. Now command files are created pointing to .str and data on the exports 10, The task files are created to create the tables and load the entries The task files are displayed as process on the installation screen "2.complete 3 running 4 waiting” 11. Upon running all the tasks the SAP Database is created and DBStatistics runs. 12 DB Users are set with default password and SAP Application open RFC Connection, ~~ Installation Successful -SAP Installation Steps 1. Download the Installation Guide (www service sap.com/instguides) 2. Check the compatibility of OS and DB (www service sap.comyplatforms) 3. Download the software from (www service.sap.com/swdc) 4. Search for the known problems from (www.service sap.com/notes) 5. Install the OS related patches/ fix packs etc 6. Install JRE 14.2.2 7.Set the Java environment JAVA HOME path 8. Set the virtual memory to 20 GB on windows 9, Set the hostname not more than 13 characters 110, Make an entry of the hostname in Hosts file 11. Ensure the installation ports 21212 and 21213 are kept open 12. Ensure the ports 3200, 3300, 3600, 4700 are kept open (DVEBMGS uses these ports) 13, Dump the software into system without any spaces in the directories 14, Verify the software using LABLEASC 15. Get the Static IP address (192, 172, 10 networks) 16. Ensure the intemet connection is available with a valid S-USERID 17. Execute sapinstexe 18, Select 2004s 19. Central instance and Typical Installation 20. JAVA Components and JCE Policy 21, Provide SID and Inst Directory 22, Provide Master Password 23, Provide DB SID and 08 Host 24, Exports path 25, Kemmel Path 26, Oracle Client 27, SLD (Local SLD) Provide Object server name: Host name 28, Parameter Summary 29, Solman Key 30. Installation Proceeds. Installation Directories \usr\sap_ \USR directory is created with a shared folder SAP with shared SAPMNT & SAPLOC Eg: \\chostname>\sapmnt - — d:\usr\sap SAPMNT: Both in Win and UNIX SAPLOC Only in Windows not in UNIXThese are shared between systems and accessed locally and globally cems PRFCLOG pur SID Hosts Trans CMS —_- Used for alert logs that is populated by the service SAPCCMSR (ava Stack Only) PRFCLOG — - These are also populated from JAVA Engine (Generic Request Message Generator GRMG) pur ~ is used during upgrade SID Hosts the complete SAP Application Server. Trans - is used to host the Developments SAPMInt: Is a shared SAP Mount which is used to host the directories related to SAP. {dt may be required to create SAPMInt in earlier versions but in the current versions based on Netweaver it is created automatically) SAPLoc in Windows This SAPmnt is shared because it needs to share the transports, support packages, profiles, executables etc between systems in the landscape. [Dew -> [Prod] > IQ] SAPmnt TASKS Installing SAP Component on SOLMAN (On Windows/ SQL Server On Windows/ Oracle Windows/ DB2 Linux/ Oracle HPUnix/ Oracle AX Solution Manager connects all the three systems (ERP ie, ECCS, Netweaver & CRM2007)Installation Inputs sAPinst si Instance Number (Default 00,01) Mater Password ACE Policy Path for the COs, UL Installation Logs Significance Sapinst dir (Win, Linux, UNDO) Sapinst, sapinst dey, cmd, log,.tsk, tpl, toc, st. IL Installation Steps Users, Groups, Services, Directories, SharedMnt, Kernel (Extraction), CreateDB, LoaaDe, Updated Stats, RECS DEFAULT USERS ADM — SAP start (0S Level Access Related to SAP) ORA — For UNIX ‘SAP SERVICE {ss } Master Database tem9 J2ee ADMIN Java Web ‘sap* SAP R/3 pic SAPSR3 SAPSR3DB Unicode - Multilanguage Support This requires addtional 40% of resources. Earlier case Individual passwords need to be set but now day's only one Master password forall the userid Muttiple Components on a Single DB repository ‘Anhost is either a cient or a server. A host has its own address on the network, and is its own machine. A server has its own address and sometimes multiple addresses. It provides access to services and information. A client accesses the servers. Itrequires its own address Interface / Screen Exports/ System Copies Kernel [Dependent] Install Mstr_ [Dependent] Java Comp [Independent] JRE [Dependent] Exports __ [Independent of OS, DB] Installation Directories D:\use\sap \USR directory is created with a shated folder SAP with shared SAPMNT 8 SAPLOC Eg: \Wwillsys\sapmnt isr\sap SAPMINT: Both in Win and UNIX SAPLOC: Only in Windows not in UNIX ‘These are shared between systems and accessed locally and globally coms PRECLOG:Pur SID HOSTS Trans CMS —_- Used for alert logs that is populated by the service SAPCCMSR ava Stack Only) PRFCLOG — - These are also populated from JAVA Engine (Generic Request Message Generator GRMG) pur - is used during upgrade SID Hosts the complete SAP Application Server. Trans «is used to host the Developments Check the groups SAPLOCAL ADMIN, SAPGLOBAL ADMIN, (RA SID_DBA, (ORA_DBA (ORA SID_OPERATOR Check the services and ensure that they are running LSAPOSCOL _- Used to collect the OS Resources 2.SAP_00 _ - Which is mandatory to start SAP 3.listener Oracle Listener service should be started on the specified Port (1521-1523) 4, Oracle Service which is required for the Database On UNIX —_ps-ef | grep ora* (On Windows services. msc Check the USR Direetory (SAP Instance files... App) predefined shared SAP Directory with SharedMint, (SAPMnt), and SAPLoc on windows Run - Cmd - "\\Willsys\Usr* 9. Trans Directory - Used for transporting the Objects ‘Note! SID Specifies the Application Server and is possible to have multiple differed by the instance number Queries: ‘SQL> Select status from VSinstance; Checks the DB StatusSQL> Startup followed by enter key SQL> shutdown immediate Note: Only one SAPOSCOL per system Max of 97 Systems on asingle box 98-99 for routing SAPOSCOL.00 — - ABAP Instance SAPOSCOL.01 JAVA Instance Note: Each SID uses different Ports Note: In the console tree of SOLMAN if all the three entries (SERVICES, USERS and GROUPS) are available then only we can confirm there are 3 Instances in one single system. 10, £SID> Directory \usr\sap\ Config... Usagetypes.properties - used to specify the usage types that are installed on the system, \usr\sap\\config on a particular ERP ERP @ a al JAVA JAVA ABAD ABAD Note: Now-2-days it's possible to install different engines as add-ons. 11, DVEBMGS DVEBMGS00 - is a ABAP Engine 3co0 - Standalone JAVA Engine SCSOL SAP Central Instance DVEBMGS00 contains J2ee/ SDM JSPM directories then itis Integrated Engine (ABAP + JAVA) Note: Portal is only an application that is not based on ABAP Engineg: Consider Hero Honda Landscape BI -ERP(ECCS.0) -CRM = -SRM_—- PE Suppliers Dealers 12, SYS Directory Contains executables and profile parameters to start and stop the system EXE Directory _- hosts all the executables fromm netweaver exe dir contains UC/ NUC and 32/64, 13867 ia64 In 4.7 we can see only exe directory 13, Werk Directory This stores the startup and error logs Instance: Logical entity which is installed on a physical entity - which is an Application server. Instance provides runtime services. Foveg S260, 8 CPU storage 208 208 2cru cru stancer | mstaNcE? 8 eB 2eeu 2ceu stances | INSTANCES “eliaion Sever - Phys Ety Instance Name Instance No: 00-99 (98, 99 for routing purposes)Structure of INSTANCE = Instance contains Dispatcher, Queue Mechanism, and Work process, Task Handler with ABAP, SCREEN, and SQL Interpreters. It also contains buffer areas, DB Client and Roll area, Dispatcher It is used to handle the user requests that are coming from SAP GUI using DIAG {Dynamic Information Action Gateway) protocol on port 3200 + Instance Number. (201, 3202 etc) Dispatcher manages all the work process and maintains a queue. Once the request is sent to dispatcher the dispatcher keeps the request in queue. Based on the availability of work process it will assign the process to the user request based on FIFO (First In First Out) User Buffer - Once we logoff everything is rolled off Public Buffer Until the instance is restarted Work Process Work process handles the user request using Task Handler. Task Handler contains 3 Interpreters ABAP, SCREEN and SQL.[ABAP interpreter used to interpret the ABAP code in the user request SCREEN interpreter use to interpret the screen ‘SQL interpreter interprets the SQL statements that are sent by the user. Select statement - from the buffer area Modify/ Insert - Hits the database Open SQL This is SAP Proprietary language to encure that the SAP Components are Database independent. Each instance is installed with DB Client software to communicate with Database in Native Language. The SAP Kernel which is O/S and DB Specific helps in the interpretation, The user request is processed and it handovers (handshake) the task to Database process. DBWP (Database work process) process and responds back to the R/3 work process. R/3 work process checks for frequently accessed content and keeps the copy in R/3 Buffer areas. (Frequently accessed data), The response rolls out into the user context before itis sent to the user. User Context Itis a user specific roll area which is used to keep user authorizations, parameters, screens and earlier accessed content. Process Flow (LOGON) 1. User requests 2 Dispatcher handles the request 3. Keeps in queue and assign WP based on FIFO 4. The work process gets the username, password, client, logon language and the task handler interprets and hand over the task to the database process, 5. The DB process checks the credentials of the user and provides the necessary authorizations to the process. 6 The entire information is copied into the user context which is referred as ROLL OUT. (The information is copied into Roll Area which is subsequently available for all the requests made by the user)Note: The user context remains until the user is logged out. The user context is displayed in the transaction SUS6. If the user accesses other than the transactions in SUS6 itis missing authorizations and displayed from the Tcode SUS3 (Missing Authorizations) Process Flow (TRANSACTION) 1 User executes a transaction Eg: ME22N - Purchase Order (or) VADI - Sales order 2. The request is handled by dispatcher and hand over to the work process. 3. Work process requires information that is not available in the work process. The work process copies the user related information into the task handler ie. copy user context into the Task Handler. Itis also referred as ROLLIN 4. Further processing continues ‘Types of Work Processes Even though the processes are unique at OS level SAP differentiated between the work processes based on the nature of work. ‘The process are determined by the instance name DVEBMGS For Dialogue instances the work process will be denoted as DO1, D02. = Dialogue = Update ~ Enqueue ~ Back ground = Message - Gateway = Spool wazameo DVEBMGS is only available in the Central instance. 01 to DN-1 for Dialogue instances, Central instance DVEBMGS - 2112111 Tehosts all the process and their will be only one central instance in the entire system. 1 DIALOGUE It is only the process which communicates interactively with the users, There should be atleast 2 Dialogue work process per instance. Dislogue work process initiates Update, Background and Spool 2. UPDATE 'V' It is used to update the transactions in the database It is initiated by Dialogue process. There should be atleast 1 Update in the entire system. Its also recommended to have an update process for every 5 Dialogue.3. ENQUEUE It is used to provide locks for the records that are going to be updated. It ensures consistency for updates. There will be only 1 Enqueue configured in the system during the installation. Its possible to have more than one enqueue provided they are installed or configured on the central instance. 4, BACKGROUND The tasks which are expensive or time consuming are scheduled to run in the background mode non-interactively. There should be atleast 2 background work process in the system 5. MESSAGE 'M! ‘There should be only 1 message server in the entire R/3 system: It is used to manage all the dispatchers. It is used to load balance the requests to identify the least loaded dispatcher. cur SES"MSCSERVER

Help and Support > Search for Notes AIRE is must as the SAP Screens are developed on JAVA Platform Virtual Memory: [Extended memory towards HOD] Need to set the vitual memory RAM size "3 + SOOMB/ 168 [32 Bit) Select the drive where SAP is going to be installed, Set the host name Cmd > drivers > ete\hosts IP Address Hostname ‘TL Shopper Port scan - To check whether these ports are open or blocked. IDES (International Demo Education System) will have more clients 11-12 Predefined clients and in the Non-IDES system only 3 Clients (000, 001, 066) In IDES additional clients - 800, 811, 812 clients are available. There will be only 2 exports for Non - IDES system ‘And 6 Exports for IDES system, LABELASC - contains the content and the DVD number from which we can find whether itis an Export 1 Or Export 2 etc. Note: Only exports will change for each application like CRM, SCM, SRM ete INSTALLATION 1. Central Instance 2. Database Instance 3. Dialogue Instance From the dump bring up sapinst exe From Netweaver 1 Central system Instance (Which contain both Central + Database instance) Goto Installation Master DVD0 = Select the respective inst (sapinstexe), Its an executable. = On windows sapinstexe and on Linux/ UNIX use /sapinstexe ~ Select the components that needs to be installed (ERP, CRM, SCM, SRM, EP, X1, BI, Ml) and click on next. ~ select (0) Typical Installation (to install the system with predefined settings ie. The port numbers installation file paths, password are automatically taken). IFit is a custom installation more inputs are required. ~ Specify the Master password Specify the SID and the installation drive, ~ Specify the JAVA component path, kernel, exports path and JCE policy Required software 1L Inst Master DVD 2. Kernel DVD 3. JAVA Components 4. Exports Exports depend upon the business component which is going to be installed like ERP, CRM, and SCM etc. ICE Policy JAVA Cryptography which is used to provide the secured encryption & decryption over the web - because the content transmission over the web is not secure ~ The input lists screen is displayed to review before starting the installation. Continue the instalation ~ Installation depends upon the export content (IDES version may consume 8-12 Hts) Production version ma take 4-6 Hrs. It also depends upon the memory, Components lies in ECC6.0 are (SALES, FINANCE, and PURCHASE... around 35 modules)a ‘Can Go with anyone be ses Camporet (SEM, FR, SCM, CEN) Bie eur i AP Mandary —SF To display all these over the web then EP (Enterprise portal) is required Note: All the SAP components will be installed on the Netweaver Platform, It is up to the customer to choose the Netweaver components and It is mandatory to choose ABAP components, ABAP is the platform forall the SAP Components, ABAP isa part of the Netweaver. ABAP provides the runtime environment for all the above components ie, USER Management, ‘Administration, Management of the file system, processes securing the sensitive data, fine tuning the performance, database administration irespective of the SAP component and also managing printers. SAPWERAS. XE ME BE PL IDT pasts + NETWEAVER nests INTERNET, B0wscd — | (ATEw ECCs.O) lecc6.0 EHS) APO 30 Bh 38 i EF 3o SOLMAN -3.2 POST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES SAP is a transaction based. Menu based consumes more dialogue steps than transaction based that is Why SAP BASIS consultants are more familiar with transactionsLogin to the system with SAP", DDIC and Master password (specified during installation) 1 Execute transaction $M28/ SICK (Installation consistency check). It checks the compatibility between OS, DB and the R/3 kernels. IF there is any inconsistency it will recommends us to fix before proceeding further. Based on the displayed message we may need to upgrade OS patch levels, DB support packs and R/3 Kernels, ‘SM28/ SICK ‘SAP I Consistency Check 2, SLICENSE - It isa transaction that is used to apply the license to get the runtime support for the system even though it is valid for 30 days (4 Weeks ie. 28 days). Itis recommended to apply license because they are not considered for support. -Goto - Market place wwwservice.sap.com/licensekey -Click on obtain permanent license key -Select the Installation number based on the component (ERP, NETWEAVER(EP, Bl, Xl, PI, ML JDD, SCM, SRM, CRM & Solution Managen), Specify the system ID|SID), OS, DB, System Type, purpose(DEV, PRD, QAS, TEST etc) Click on continue to display the hardware key input, The license key is specific to Customer, Installation number, System Number, Hostname and the Hardware key ~ Hardware key is unique (use command saplicense -key ) ~ Specify the Hardware key and email-id to generate and send license key to the mail-id specified, Alternatively select the system and click on display license script and save it to PC in the bet format. 3. Execute [Slicense] Teode Click on > New Licenses Click on > Install license key and it prompts for the path of the license key, provide the downloaded file path and click on OK to apply the license. 4. System Settings SE03, Depending upon the type of system we need to set the system to modifiable and not modifiable,B Goto SE03/ SE06 system change options to set to modifiable or not modifiable, Ths is one of the most important security setting which is liable for auditing. Toggling between the changes are recorded and it is advised to obtain permission from the respective authority to make necessary ‘changes in the Production System PRD Except DEV and SANDBOX remaining all the systems like QAS, PRD, PRE-PRD are set to not- modifiable ie. no object can be modified in these systems The changes are only transported to the not modifiable systems, Fg DEV PRD }____Ftobe Yoodified a2 201 then is Trareported to a DEV | tmnemort | sep x {L SICK/ SM28 - SAP Initial Consistency Check CChecks for the Incompatibility between R/3 Patch Levels, Kernel Levels, OS levels and Database patch levels. SAP Initial Consistency Check ‘SAP Issues two licenses, one is the permanent key valid upto [31129999] The other one is Maintenance Certificate which is valid upto 3 Months. This Maintenance certificate Js introduced from JAN/ 2009 onwards. It locks SPAM so that no upgrades are allowed without a valid Maintenance certificate. 3. SEOS - System SettingsDEV gas PRD oui NofModiiasle Not dilabe Gtandand Objects) Aomanisraton 2 DesaySanae NAMED cickon Set system change Option System Change Option (tona seting Moda E) Select either one of the option. 1. Standard Installation 2. Database copy or Database Migr 1L Standard Installation :1tis used when a fresh system is installed. 2. DB copy or DB Migration: It is used when a system is setup as a copy of production or pre- production system. 'SEOG transaction is used to set the CTS (Change Transport System). It initializes the Transport ‘Management system. A message will populate to configure TMS in the client 000.8 ‘TMS: Transport Management System. It is used to setup the systems, their roles, Domain controller, backup domain controller, landscape and their routes. 41. Domain Controller: There will be only one Domain Controller in the system landscape. In most of the environments [DEV] is treated as DC because, this isthe first system in the Landscape Login to the system Client 000 with the user other than SAP*/ DDIC Execute T-Code STMS Eg: (from se06 > perform post installation action) > STMS ~ Apop up window prompts to configure Domain Controller, Specify the description Transport Domain Name: Domain_ Save the configuration NOTE: If the Domain already exists then we can execute a TCode [DICO) to delete the existing TMS configuration. I should be executed in STMS and algo the RFC connections. Including the system in the Domain Specify the Domain Controller Target host system Number User: TMSADM (Default User) ‘TMSADM is 2 communication user created during TMS configuration (Do not delete the user, lock the user, change password, set to expiry will hault the system transports, support packages and applicatoins etc) ‘A message SAP system "waiting to be included in the transport domain” is displayed in the external system, Approving the inclusion of Systems Login to the DC Execute STS From Menu Overview > Systems The system is waiting to be included Select the system and click on approve from Menu SAP System. SALE - Defining a logical System Creating Virtual Systems36 Its a standard practice in the industry to create virtual systems as the real systems could not be available during the intial configuration (DEV server is procured during implementation, QAS will bbe procured after 3 to 4 months from kickoff date and the PRD is procured before 2 months of Go- Live) Virtual Machines/ Systems can be replaced by real systems and the configuration now points to the real system Goto STMS (Domain Controller) > Menu Overview > Systems > SAP System > Create Virtual System For Eg: system :J0Q Description : Quality System ‘TRANSPORT GROUP Its a naming convention group_ we can configure al the systems to a single transport group ie, all the developments which are performed in Development system will be automaticaly available to other systems in the landscape. The group of systems which shares the transport directory in ‘common are said to be in one group but due to sensitivity of PRD it is moved into a separate group. 1 GROUP_=SID> Shaved oata DEV OAS PRD 2 TRANS TRANS TRANS DEV as PRD Defining the LandscapeExecute STMS ” > Click on transport routes From over view menu > click on change > from Menu Configuration > Standard Configuration > Three systems in group Eg: Specify DEV: JOD QAS:JOQ PRD: JOP SAVE Provide Three System Configuration under the Description. Practicals CONFIGURING STMS Perform DICO to delete the STMS configured eatlier if necessary and the RFC connection from the external system, SOURCE SYSTEW DC ‘TARGET SYSTEM EXTERNAL SYS 1, Login as same as DDIC wen) Clint 000 2, Execute SED6> Click on the Post Installation Actions 3. Execute STMS Fi Sytem DEV GID) DEV Systems 4. SAVE and will diplay you ae logged ‘on to the Domain Controle, 8, STMS> FromMenn Overview Systems Select External System ‘From Menu SAP System> Approve Continue 9. STMS> Trangport Routes SAVE POST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES Continuation 5. Login as same as DDICI Clint 000 6. Execute STMS Fro Sytem PRD (ID) PRD System Click on other configuration Uy Provide DC (Target hostname and Sy No) 7.SAVE SAP system displays “wating to be jnchuded .”8 From 000/ SAP* RZ10 - Initially we have to import profiles from OS Level to SAP level. From menu SYSTEM > Import Profiles of Active Servers SCC4 - Roles are client Specific Logical system client Cross clients - all the clients SALE. for assigning the logical system. Click on new entries and provide CInt900 Default clients : 000, 001, 066 ‘We can create upto 1000 Clients 000 to 999 For the newly created client say in this case 900 a user will be created SAP* with pass as the password. For the frst time we cannot login [SAP* / pass] So being from another client perform RZ10 - change the parameter to Login/no automatic user sapstar to 0 instead 1 After creating a client need to perform client copy (SAP_CUST] ‘Always need to copy 000 client because it will have all the customized data.066 is for early watch, Create an new user as SAPUSER copied from SAP*/ DDIC logging in as SAP* user from the newly created client. Login to the new client with our userid and password and lock the DDIC and SAP* TASKS - SETTING UP A LOGO Execute SMWO Select (0) Binary data for WebRFC Click on Find button ‘SAP Web Repository: intial Screen OHM kris We tne (Sn ar wnteane Click on executeCreate new (Obj name: ZTEST Desc: IMAGE Browse for the Picture ‘sr eo Repostory: Cte iso From settings menu > Click on MIME type ‘Add jpg format Save. GOTO- sM30 Click on maintain Click on new entries ‘START IMAGE: ZTEST Maintain Table Views: Initial Screen, sxe) ren som ACTIVE VES ie 8 Prompts for the Change request - proceed and test the logo 3Document class: General text From document tab NAME - ZLOGIN_SCREEN INFO create Type the text - Welcome SAVE. Roles granted for me in the SAND BOX for Capgemini = (suk) exchanged SHUR [FTO 200(1510025) ste _ SHS) SAF 2A PA ONTOR EE 2 fa ae © maramnt S32 ROLE FOR REMOTE coh POST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES 1 sick 2. SE06 3, S03 ATMS 41 SALE 5.RZ10 Used to import the profiles from OS level to DB, The profiles are available in \usr\sap\\gys\proflle, These profile requires management for fine tuning, configuring buffers etc From 000 > Goto RZ10 > Utilities > Import profiles of Active servers >SAVE 6. SMLTal Perform language transports if any. The system is an unicoded system to support the all available languages but we need to import the additional languages as per the requirements, Download the languages in \usr\sap\trans\eps\in Directory ‘Language Management Goto SMLT > and create a language > specify supplementary language Le. i the scripts not available in main language it will display in secondary language. English > Primary German > Secondary Goto 118N (Globalization / Internationalization of Languages) Click on > Current NLS settings Get the parameter zcsa/installed languages = DE If we specify any new language it needs to be updated in the above parameter using R210 Clink on ADD from NLS settings to include additional languages that are going to be imported using SMLT. Stepsa Lixecute 8N 2. Add language that needs to be imported in IL8N 3. SMLT create language 4, Click on > Import package > specify the path \usr\sap\trans\eps\in Language Management 5. Download language from Market place 6 Import 7.Set the parameter zcsa/installed languages = AEDZ 6. SPAM Apply the patches that are relevant for SAP application component ‘support Package Manager Version 7.000034 7.SR13 Install SAP Library4a Change View "Administration: Display of the SAP Library” SAP Provides screen context help Application help. when a user struck at one screen he can use Menu Help > R13 > New Entries ‘VARIENT. PLATFORM. AREA PATH SAPHELP WINNT IWBHelp Copy and Paste from Market place. 1. Dynamic Help 2. Plain Html Help - Him documentation installed on Web Server 3.Plain HTML - HTML docu installed on File server 4. HTML Help File - It occupies less space, opened by htm! help viewer Iti in compressed format. For documentation > Market Place > SAP Solutions > SAP ERP >English Note: Need to create a folder in D:\SAPHELP... (sapdocdcin) paste the path, 8.DB13 Define Backup schedule - dick on date and select backup = type (offline/ online) and save 9.5M36 Define standard background (House keeping jobs)Define Background Job Note: Create users in SUO1 and assign SAP-ALL to the functional and technical team as the security is ‘not implemented. ‘STRUCTURE OF APPLICATION SERVER Dispatcher = DPMON Workprocess = SMS0/ SM65 User Context ~ SUS6 Task Handler from Work Directory Buffers = sT02 Dispatcher receives the request and processes them according to the queue. The requests are processed by using a dialogue process. Dialogue process is the only process that interacts with/ communicates interactively with the user. There should be atleast 2 Dialogue process per instance. Each process requires 75MB to 1S0MB of memory on any average. The memory should be calculated after reserving memory for OS and the Database Eg: 4G8 RAM: 1.GB reserve for OS and DB 3 GB 3000/ 150 = 20 Processes Min and Max upto 40 Processes, but depends upon how heavy the processing goes. If a reporting user requires 3GB of memory then there will be a memory bottleneck The maximum number of work process an instance can support is WO to W99 (100 Work processes) There are cases where more than 100 are configured but it is not recommended. If the system supports more than 100 processes then its better to configure one more instance on the same server, differed by the instance number. * The work process are configured by the parameter rdisp/wp_no.dia = XXFor an Ideal Instance the sum of the Dialogue processes should more or less equal to non-dialogue process (unless a reporting server, which needs only dialogue) The dialogue response time should be around 600 to 1000 Miliseconds (1 Second) Each dialogue process is restricted by using a parameter rdisp/max_wprun_time = 600 s (10 Minutes) after which the process will be timed out. In order to run the activities that consume ‘more time then the above we need to run in the background mode or increase the parameter value from RZ11 (Dynamic parameter) ie. during the month end the parameter can be changed to 1800 - 10000 from RZ11 for specific period of time, Upon task completion reset the value in RZ11 (No system restart is required) WORK PROCESS MULTIPLEXING (Consider Restaurant Activities). Each user transaction may be served by one or more processes with out restricting to the user similarly each work process serve multiple users with out restricting the user. (No dialogue process remains ideal) Fach process can serve 5 - 10 users and Each SAP transaction consists of multiple (LUW ~ Logical unit of work) Each LUW contains task which should be completed/ rollback as a group. Each LUW is 8 commit or rollback (no intermediate stage .. which makes the system inconsistency) CONSIDER A TRAVEL AGENCY Ina travel agency buying the ticket is LUW (Outward/inwards). 1 LUW (Outward inward) Booking accommodation (LUW for number of days) 2.BIND1&2 Tickets to and fro + Accommodation) 3. Transportation (LUW for a local tour) BIND1&283 4. Appointment (Dates are not available Eg Darshinam) BIND 1234 Each of the LUW is performed by a single different work process and is restricted to 600 Seconds and task has to complete within 600 milliseconds46 Request ———=>Dislogue User —> LUW Context |—+- Update }—___. BKe | Spool LICENSING Standard License til 9999011) Maintenance License ~ 3 Months: Each user license cost - 4000 USD In India tag is 2000 USD for min number of users Eg:10 + 1 is minimum - 40000 UsD Developers are charged differently = 8000 USD wos ou Users Developer 48000 * 50 = 12, 00,000 4% VAT 48,000 17% Maintenance /Year 2, 04,000 103% Service Tax + Customs 22% Maintenance cost across the globe except INDIA 5 1 2 22% 24% 26% fg Telco ~ $000 Bajaj -270 ARAMCO —-50000a (One License - SOLMAN, ECC, SRM, BI, EP, PL MI License is user based (Once the license key is received then goto SLICENSE Tcode -> INSTALL ‘And click Install new licenses button Inst Numbor 6829808557) Haar W09S55062 Sater Number mires on_|31-12" 9098) From cmd prompt Soladm> saplicense - get Itcheeks for 1. SID 2. Hostname 3. Hardware Key (Installed by SAP - Its an executable) Note I the executables resides in - DAUSR\SAP\SOL\SYS\EXE\UC\NTI386 Note: In Linux SAPDB/ MAXDB will be the cheapest ‘SAPDB/ MAXDB is a DB that comes along with the SAP USMM - System Measurement for the users SUSER - Password never expires (Service Userid) Dialogue handles the requests and process only reports with out any assistance. Ifthe reports are long running, time consuming, expensive then they can be scheduled to run in the BTC mode. During an update dialogue updates temporary table and update-process updates them later.48 For print requests Dialogue handles the request and update in Temse. The spool process Prints from Temse (Temporaty Sequential file it can be at fle/ DB Table) Dialogue communicates with enqueue while updating a transaction and obtains lock so that no user can update there by assuring data consistency. Dialogue communicates with the message server to obtain locks for a record that is coming from Dialogue instance. DVEBMGS 2 DVBSG | Dialogue Instance Dialogue communicates with the gateway while establishing connection with ether SAP systems. Dialogue is monitored by using SMSO, SM66, and DPMON. DPMON.exe is a dispatcher monitor which can be executed when the user could net login to the system (Experience Hour glass) Its not a TCode. Killing the process From Command Prompt > DPMON (Process the list at OS Level) >k > Provide - Serial Number > Provide - PID PROCESS MANAGEMENT —SMS0/ SM66 Work process list is displayed in SMS0/ SME6. Each process has the following ~ Serial Number Starts with 0 (DEV_WO) in work directory ~ Type of Process. : (DVEBS) Message and Gateway are not displayed Process PID The identifier at OS level, It is used to kill the process at OS Level, They are displayed as [DISP+ WORK] on windows in the Task Manager. DW- dispatcher work process in UNIX 0to11 112] ‘And 1 is for dispatcher 13 Total0 -status _: Waiting, Stopper, Running Waiting The process is waiting "Available" to serve the user request. Stopped —_- The process is stopped due to an error. Running _- The process is executing the task (SMSO running with our Userid should not be considered) On Hold —_: The user request is on hold by process for waiting certain Resources on the other systems (RFC, CPIC) Shutdown: The process is killed/ shutdown but restart mode set to NO Waiting for PRIV Mode: The process goes into Heap mode. It will be completed only after the task ‘completion/ timeout, SLEEP MODE The work process goes into sleep mode waiting for resources (RFC problem) SLEEPMODE_ |——>| System Is Buy Eg: Person came to handover Concerned receiver in meeting... = Restart YES/NO ifthe process is terminated and it will restart automaticaly (Yes), not restart(NO) Error: No of times the process is restarted ~ Semaphore : The block that hold at OS Level (DISK) = CPU : The amount of time WP spends utilising CPU resources Runtime: The amount of time the process spends on the user request. = Report _: The name of the programy report the WP is executing Client: The client number logged in ~ User name : Name of the user ‘Action: Select, Update, insert ie, action on the database. ~ Table Name of the table. ‘SM66 GLOBAL WORK PROCESS OVERVIEW It displays the processes based on status. It displays the processes belongs to all the instances. From SM65 - Click on SELECT PROCESS50 The major advantage of ths sit displays the memory consumed by work process. Double click on the WP to display (Extended, Roll and the Heap Memory) (On Oracle execute PS ef lgrep —ora* (gwr, smon, pmon, dbwr, ckpt, arch) 'SM04 :is used to display the logged in users along with the sessions, We can terminate the session or the user completely using End session or logoff user. From User > Logoff User > Local or End the session BACKGROUND PROCESS SM36 Itis used to run the expensive programs, reports that consumes more time in the background mode. ie, ajob is scheduled to run at a specific time or periodically Example: Daily report, Weekly sales report or expensive to run in the peak hours so they are scheduled to run in the background mode during off peak hours, Process Flow 1. User submits the request via dispatcher to a WP. 2, The Dialogue work process handles the request and updates the tables 3, Tables TBC* are used to store the BTC Jobs 4, A program SAPMSSYS starts in the dialogue mode at frequency that is defined in the parameter rdisp\btctime=60Sec SAPMSSYS - Checks for every 60 sec into the TBTC* table. * To delay the BTC processing increase the time as much as possible. Example: 100000 seconds 27Hrs RZ11 (‘disp/btctime) Refer - BTCTRNS1 from SE38 We can also use BTCTRNS2 to resume the background jobs (Execute the program) 5, BWP looks into the table and identify the jobs which are in the Ready State. 6. BWP runs the job in the Active mode till completion/ Cancelled. BWP are defined by using rdisp/wp_no_bte=2 (Min 2 per system) We can increase as many as possible depending upon the resources. ** Note: We can pause jobs by setting the value to 0 zero ** BWP jobs are defined in SM36si Specify Jobname: Daily report. JobClass: C A,B, C (High, Medium, Low Priority) Class A requires a dedicated BTC of class A which are defined in operation modes. Class 8 has medium priority over class C jobs Class C jobs runs with Normal Priority Jos STATUS 1 Scheduled: The job is defined but time to execute is not specified. 2 Released: The time to execute is specified 3. Ready: The Time to run the job is reached 4. Active: BWP processing the task 5. Cancelled: The jab is cancelled 6 Completed: The job is completed or finished Execution server - Name of the instance that provides BWP to run the job Exec Target - Wilsys__00 Click on step. JOB STEPS We need to specify the following for the JOB Execution 1 ABAP Program 2. External Command 3, External Program 11. ABAP Program - Is a predefined program that will be run in the background with user inputs as variants Variant - Is a predefined value that is populated during the runtime. Eg: consider RSPO1041 from SA38 Goto SA3B and define variant for 7 & 15 days Prog: RSPOLOA1 Variant: willsys SAVE Click on start condition - IMMEDIATE or DATE. 2. External Commands: The job can be executed by external commands which are defined in SMA9/ 'SM69. These commands are OS commands that will be executed at command level fg: BRBACKUP, BRARCHIEVE, BRRESTORE, BRCONNECT Use DB13 to schedule the jobs. The jobs in 0813 uses OS Commands3. External Programs: NAME: Name of the program Parameter: Target Host: [Name : Specify the name of the program and the parameters. Specity the name of the target host Specify the start condition Immediate/ Periodic/ Jobstart, Event (SM62)/ Operation. Modes, Job Started: When dependent job started this gets triggered, Event When an event triggered in SAP it also triggers the job as well OPERATIONMODES —Rz04 sM63 Itis the process of switching DIA to BTC and vice versa during the peak hours as we need more dialogue process and during off peak we need more BWP to run the BTC jobs, RZ04 > Define L Instance 2 Operation Modes (Peak and Off Peak) 3. Specify the processes for modes Goto SM68 to define timing for the modes RZO4 > click on Create [Instance Operation Mode] Peak mode Peak_mode operations Default SAVE Off peak Off peak Mode Create new Instance ——_willsys28 Start profile Save. BACKGROUND JOB MONITORING = SM3733 TABLES User Request DIALOGUE SAPMSSYS rdisp/wp_no_bte = 2 ‘disp/btetime = 10 Operation modes - to make use of the resources optimally ‘SM37 is used for BTC monitoring Execute SM37 ‘Specify username, date && time, job name, status ----- Execute F8 1 The jobs with status RELEASED indicate the jobs are released with scheduled time and waiting for their turn/ time. 2. The jobs with status READY indicates the jobs are ready to pickup by the scheduler Eg: Consider a CAB - might come late No sufficient CABS Long time in ready status indicates 1. The existing jobs are running for a long time ie, expensive programming or sql statements/ fetching huge amount of data, 2, The configured BIC processes are not sufficient to handle the requests in Ready status. 3, May be due to heavy load on the system 4, Also due to passing the jobs by extending scheduler time/ making BTC to 0 by running the program BICTRNS1. Action: 1 Increase BTC work processes based on the available resources by using the parameter rdisp/wp_no bte = 2 2. Schedule the jobs appropriately during off peak hours BUACTIVE BTC in active status (long time recorded)st The job is running an expensive activity lke client copy, pay roll run. Jobs that fetch information from BW systems, annual reports, dunning reports may take hours together or even days to complete successfully. ‘Active indicates the following 1 Jobs are expensive and running to fetch the content. 2, Jobs are waiting to be processed by the target system (REC, CPIC) 3, Jobs are waiting for the locks to update the records, Reasons and Resolutions ACTION 1. Some jobs are bound te run for hours and based on history leave them to run, 2. Check the bottie neck on the target system (ERP-SI-EP-SRM-SCM-SRM) 3. Wait until the locks are released/ jobs are completed. Report to SAP in case of dead locks. Select the status - Db click - and click on Job Logs. Execute SM37 ‘Simple Job Selection see rame Timames CiReleases —Dhasey ame Clfsnes Wlcanctea oe) g Highlight the job . oi sins er ae Click on Job log Job Overview Sap takes at most care to avoid dead locks. 4. FINISHED55 The jobs are completed successfully but check the log for further information/ completion. 5. CANCELLED Job status cancelled finished but failed in the log Reasons for cancellation of Job 1. User and password Issues (Authentication/ Authorization) user lock, userid expiry, password change, lack of roles etc. 2. File system problems: BTC reads from the file system to update the database. File not opened, or corrupted. ile sharing issues, fle came with ifferent characters ile not found as wel. 3. Variants are not properly defined. 4. Dead locks issue (Lock mechanism congested) 5. Update mechanism failed 6. Table space over flow (ORA-1653; ORA-1654) 7. Table space max extent reached (ORA-1631; ORA-1632), 8. Archive struck (ORA-255; ORA-272), 9. The memory is not sufficient and errors (No Roll Area, PXA (Butfer), Page Errors) 10, Problem inthe program and inputs indefinite loops lke 1/0) 11, Dependent jobs/ events failure 12.Target systems are not availabe to process the obs. Standard Background House keeping Jobs 1 Asa part of the post installation we need to schedule house keeping jobs in SM36 Execute SM36 Click on "Standard Background Jobs" Define Background JobClick on "Default Scheduling Standard Jobs = 7307-2008 003000 29072009 0030 25.07.2009 003090 q 26072009 003000 28072000 0030 4 2a.072009 003090 t za072009 003000 20072009 0030 0.072009 003000 1 q 20072009 003000 28072000 0031 ee ‘And schedule the BTC jobs with default time. 11. RSBTCDEL- Used to delete the background jobs Reporting structure "BTC" DEL" 2.RSSNAPDEL Delete the old ABAP Dumps 3.RSPO1041 ~ Delete the old spool lags and files 4.RSMO13002 Delete old update requests/ logs 5. RSCOLLOO- Collects performance inf in transaction STO3, 6. RSPO1043 ~ Spool Reorganization Eg: from SA38 Click on Execute ‘And Specify the Days...Delete batch jobs vobname _ Username an “Stat fom dt) nn ‘occa — tm aiserman 6a) im Fish sate tom tte) ome 7 ogeran ey) im canceled ia] ‘Delete win orectmage o From GOTO Menu > Variants > SAVE as Variant ‘SM37 - MONITORING BACKGROUND JOBS. 1 Used to display the jobs based on job, username, date and status Simple Job Selection 2. displays the job logs By highlighting a job and click on Job Log38 Job Overview Sacre reseee cant Yi rte wre cneeeeme |e: 3. Donot kill the active job unless itis permitted by the owner ‘4, We can repeat the scheduling of the job if required 5, Background job out put is a report to a spool (Printer), fax or email or even updating a database {g. Client Copy) 6. We can move the jobs from one instance to another instance. From Menu Jab > Move to different server. (Consider the above screen) Active jobs can be moved. There are Third Party BTC Job Schedulers 1. CONTROL-M Scheduler 2. RED WOOD Scheduler 3, TIDEL Scheduler 4, SAP Job Scheduler 5. MAESTRO Scheduler /IBM These Third party schedulers are not specific to SAP but we can customise these to SAP These job schedulers are intelligent to work based on the status of Predecessors, The tool defines when to trigger, how to handle various statuses and alert users accordingly, fg. KODAK Runs 14000 lobs/ day HP Runs 20000 Jobs/day0 BTC - Business Case Sony an electronics company communicates with suppliers for the TV Cabinets/ Circuit boards, Picture tubes, assembling & packing Vendors instead of communicating in hand documents they are advised to communicate in soft documents. SAP also sends soft documents as well ie. the communication is performed electronically. SUPPLIERS ‘VENDORS Flectoniz Fora Web Based Form BRB Info Specific to SONY SRD Party BIGC, |g Tot CENTRAL, 7 sa ‘METRO ae ‘System fl Uses thir own inferface fo Greate FO BTC Jobs performs the follouing 1 Run long running reports for an End User 2. Runs payroll for the employees 3. Gient copy or the technical consultants 4/3 BIW Replication 5. Communication with NON SAP Systems to fetch the dato 6. Dunning report for Finance team 7.Weekly, Monthly and Annual Reports {8 Runs standard jobs for House Keeping9. To run Database jobs using external commands DB13 (SM49 provides commands) External Operating System Commands HIBEB table 17, we can get a tof al existing Tcodes and which programs are called by those ‘ransactons From SE11 - Provide the table name TSTC and execute providing the T-Code to find the Program ‘ABAP Dictionary hil Screen Data Browser: Table TOTC SelectEntries 1 loon 'No bother of "Schedule/ Released’ Will not in our scope ‘We need to take care about the Status6 Ready for longer time ‘Active for the longer time. BTC lags are deleted by scheduling RSBTCDEL which deletes the log files from TBTC* based on the time interval in the Variant SA38. UPDATE PROCESS Itis used to update the database from Temporary tables. There are three 3 Types of updates V1- Handles High Priority Updates \V2- Handles low priority updates V3 - Reserved by SAP (Currently no use) Updates are defined by the parameter Raisp/wp_no_vb=1 Raisp/wp.no_vb2=2 from RZ11 Technically for every § dialogue work process there should be one update of type V1/ V2 Update Flow: 1. User submits the request for an update (Let us say a Purchase Order) Eg: Bearers won't go to the Pantry Similarly All dialogue won't go to the... 0B 2. Dispatcher handles the request and provides a dialogue process to it. 3, Dialogue process interprets the request and communicates with enqueue process to provide a lock to update the record consistently. 4, Dialogue process updates the temporary tables called as VB* asynchronously VBHOR To store update header information VBDATA To store data that needs to be updated VBMOD The modules through which the data is updated VBERR- Update Error Table DIA-+ENQUEUE+ DIA -*TEMP TABLE ———» DATABASE Luw{And gets a transaction ID from Number Range Buffer (Transaction SNRO and Table NRIV Number Range Interval Table) Ditonary spay Tab 26 Te cust oe (TRANS 1D} Dialogue Updates - Update Releases the lock. 5. Update gets initialized and reads from Temp Tables and updates the permanent tables synchronously. Update inherits the locks and releases them upon updating permanent tables. Update updates the record based on transaction-ID using VBMOD Table (Every update is module based in SAP) 6. When the Dialogue updates the temp tables the record is displayed in SM13 which will be processed by update. UPDATE MONITORING sMi3 The record that needs to be updated by update process is displayed in SMI3 with status INIT. If the records stays for longer time in INIT status that indicates the updates are busy or there are no sufficient update processes or update mechanism is deactivate from SM14. Update handles the record and change the status to "RUN' Ifthe update stays long time in status RUN 1 Longer Update 2. Dead Lock (Needs to inform SAP for Program correction) Updates which could not be updated will be thrown into ERR Status, 1 Update deactivated in S14 2. Programming problems in UW. 3. Table Space overfiow (ORA-1653; ORA-1654) 4. Max Extents reached (ORA-1631; ORA-1632) 5. Archive Struck (ORA-255; ORA-272) BATCH/ BTC/ BACKGROUNDEach SAP transaction is considered as Single LUW (Logical unit of work) which in turn contains muktiple LUW's needs to be committed to commit the SAP Transaction. If any one of the LUW is failed the entire transaction is rolled back. That is the reason why dialogue updates Temp Table. 1 User submits the request. 2. Dialogue handles the request. 3. Obtains lock from Enqueve so the data consistency is achieved and the records are only for display. ‘4. Updates the request in Temp tables (VBHDR, VBDATA, VBMOD, VBERROR) 5. Gets the transaction ID from NRIV (Number Range Interval Table) 6. Update gets initiated to update the VB* content permanently into the database, 7. Update inherits the locks. 8, Updates the database based on transaction ID. 9. Update releases the lock from the record. UPDATE Statuses. The following are the statuses displayed in SM13 Traneaction, INIT The record is waiting to update by an update process ERR The record runs in to an Error (Update Error) RUN The update is executing the record into DB AUTO The error records are reprocessed after a system restart/ update activation Automatically ‘M13 - Repeat Update Used to repeat the ERR updates. The update are terminated or cancelled due to the following reasons 1 Table space overtiow 2. Max Extents reached 3. Archive struck 4. Programmatical Error 5. Update Deactivation (SM14) Running updates during deactivation DEACTIVATE ‘THROWS TO ERROR - -> GOES TO AUTO At this point of time we need to select the update (put a check mark of the update from SM13) and click on [Repeat Update) Refer modules from SM13,The updates can be repeated with status ERR Rdisp/vmail = 1 to send email to the users if an update is failed, Update mechanism can be deactivated by setting the parameter rdisp/vb_stop_active=0 to deactivate the update mechanism in case of DB errors, It can be activated from SM14 ‘disp/vbdelete=30 to delete the update records older than 20 days iespectve of the status. Rdisp/vbreorg to delete the incomplete update request during a system restart, Reportin SA38_-RSM13002 ‘To delete the old update requests. Deletes the executed update requests. Reorganize the update tables. Its a background job) Vand V2 updates needs to be defined in the system, V1 handles ctitical updates and V2 handles the non-critical updates which are defined by the programmers We can see either V1 ar V2 in the standard SAP Program SAPMVASA by executing SE38 MESSAGE SERVER/ PROCESS 1. There willbe only one message server through out the System, 2. tis used to manage all the dispatchers and identity the least loaded dispatcher and forward the user request to the dispatcher provided logon load balancing is configured in transaction SMLG PF] msrances t DIAL M m4 : SS s a DIA? $ ‘USERS A = yes ¢ PL [ona rE : seme: [LP] 3 Dine66 Logon Groups SMLG SMLG > Create Provide GROUP: For Eg: MARKETING INSTANCE dewall36_R31.00 Now from SAP Logon Screen Click on Groups > and Provide SID and Message Server. LT re oui 1 ac eae a z | (ieee We can find the Active servers from SMB1 and on db click on the Host name to view all the Processes. CONFIGURING SMLG 2. Define @ logon group from TCode SMLG 2. Assign the instance 3. Open GUI > Select groups and create entry by choosing group. 4. Add an entry in etc/ services ‘As sampsDEV (Message Server Name) 3200/tep Entry should be made on all GUI systems. Note: The load is calculated based on in STO7 S.cteate a file sapmsg.ini if not exists from (e\windows) ‘Sapmsg.ini > open [MESSAGE SERVER) DEV = 6 ‘Mechanism 1 User communicates using GUL 2. sapmsg.i message server. gets evaluated and checks the port in ete\services to communicate with the 3, Message server maintains the details of favorite server and routes the request to that dispatcher 4, Dispatcher handles the request - Queue - Dialogue Message server obtains the lack for dialogue process if the request is coming fram the Dialogue instances, M 5 ENQUEUE, s. Cental Instance USERS e s DIAL E R v . DIAZ R 'SMMS: MESSAGE SERVER MONITORING ENQUEUE PROCESS / SERVER ‘SM12 Monitoring Note: Server Naming convention is used because each of the process serving the user requests (Dialogue, BTC, Update, Enqueue, Message, Gateway and Spool DVEBMGS) Itis also possible to install and configure all the above servers on different instances or hosts. ENQUEUE It is used to provide data consistency while updating the system. It provides locks from a lock table before a record gets updated and ensure that the record is available for display during an update.68 There will be 1 One Enqueve process installed during installation. It is also possible to increase Enqueue processes to more than one depending upon the updates but most of the customer environments there will be only 1 One enqueue process Itis configured by the parameter rdisp/ wp_no_eng, DEADLOCK SAP TRANS —---~ MULTIPLE LUWS. MM Dept Sales Dept X+¥ (UW) As Bquw1) Z+ M(LUW2) TY (LuW2) Dead Lock Q+R (LU) R + QiLuws) Enqueue process the lacks and unlock the record during an update. Enqueue server maintains the lock table on the shared memory of the Central Instance (or on the instance where itis installed) Itis recommended to increase the Enqueve processes only on the Central Instance, Technically the Message and the Enqueue should reside on the same instance (tis not mandatory). IF both are installed on the same machine then it will be more comfortable for message server to communicate with Enqueue process to obtain locks for Dialogue process that are coming from other instances, DVBGS DvEB MOS BvEGs DvBGSo DIA - MSSG - ENQ - MSSG - LOCK - DIA ‘TCODE - SM12 (Lock Management) Enqueue table size is defined by the parameter Enqueue/table_size=4MB (Earlier 1 MB to 4 MB) in Netweaver systems this can be increased to 100MB, LOCK MONITORING/ENQUEUE MONITORING — SM12 Shared Mode Exclusive Mode, Locks are monitored in transaction SM12. In principle the lock which are older than one hour should be reported to the escalation manager. If the lock table is filed (Enque/ Table size) an ‘overflow occurs in the lock table. 1. Check whether the update server is stil performing the updates. Ifthe updating has stopped, then the lock table can quickly become over filled with the locks held by update requests, We can resolve the problem by restarting the updates. If updating has not been interpreted, then we must enlarge the lock table. Note: Enque table overfiow is recorded in SM22 and ST22 Eg: Execute SUO1 from Shawn user/ 800 and edit shramana user Execute SUOI from Shawn user/800 and edit shramana user Following message is displayed By atenance fuser NUS ocd ose SHAM ‘And now execute SM12 which displays the Exclusive Mode lock Lock Entry List srann 144602 © VERON GOUSHRANUO 2. Enque time is too high0 ‘AS a part of the response time enqueue time should be 1ms - Sms for Central instance and 100Ms in case of the request that is coming form Dialogue instance. Then we can consider the following 1. Lock table is overflow and the locks are held in SM12 2. Update is deactivate (SM14) due to any of the issues in DB. If the update gets deactivated then the locks are not released 3. Ifthe Enqueue time increases ie. there could be RFC issue or Enque wait time is increasing then consider increasing Enqueue work processes. 4. Dead locks (Usually never occurs, but there is 2 collision between PP, Manufacturing and Material Module, so highlight ths issue to SAP) In some instances we may need to release the locks but we need to follow certain process. Do not release the lock in SM12 (Even though there is an option) Lock deletion is recorded in SM21. 1. Users complaint that he could not update a record and message pop up stating that the record is, locked by user XYZ 2. Check the period of lock (if itis older than 1 hour inform to the escalation manager) 3, Get the written B&W approval from the user and terminate the session of that user using SMO4. (Only Terminate or End that session) Al the transaction activities are recorded in COHDR We may need to allow some locks for more than one hour or days (Eg. Payroll update processing) consumes lot of time. We need to ensure that dialogue process should not held for longer time, but however BTC is allowed. 324-09 ‘SPOOL PROCESSING User request - DIA - (Tables TBT*) BTC---- (TSTO1, TST03)--SPOOL -- PRINT. User request - DIA~ (TSTO1, TSTO3) ~~ SPOOL ------ PRINTn PROCESS/ FLOW: 1. User request to print a purchase order (or) user schedule to print dunning reports (LEGAL Notices, Credits, LOANS etc) 2. These print request are processed by the respective Dialogue/ BTC and stores the content in TEMSE Temse is a temporary sequential objects that are stored at OS (File system) or Database level which {is defined by the parameter, spo/store location=G or DB {G Means Global Directory \usr\sap\SID\sys\global) (DB Means - Database tables TSTO1 and TSTO3) Note: DIALOGUE. - Multiplexing Bre + Single Process The Advantages of TEMSE TEMSE size is 99000 Refer 'SU22 - (s_spo_act) - To identity the tcode/ Authorization objects POL su24 The Temse can be stored in database or OS level, Temse remains in the D8/OS unless they are deleted explicitly by SAP standard reports. ‘TEMSE AT OS OR DB (WHICH ONE IS RECOMMENDED?) os (6) 1. It is recommended because the print request are printed faster than database. ie, from Global directory requests can be converted to output request at faster rate than database. 2. This is only recormmended when the requests are small in nature. (Every day 50-100 Docs) if the size increases the search at fle level consumes more time as (No indexes at file system)n 3. File system is not backup frequently as Database. File system backup will be weekly, fortnight, monthly whereas database is hourly (Redo Logs) and daily DB Backup. That is Temse is not secured at file system. DB [DB] 1. Consumes more time than Temse at OS when there are less no of records. but shows the performance by using Indexes when the user grows (Temse can handle 90000 Requests) 2. Backup is a regular activity on database so the Temse is secured, As itis stored in tables. Temse is @ part of Normal Database (TSTO1 and TST03) no separate memory is required. Teer a —— Request O 1 Tro Dia dof FaTe Fool Fatt _spo/store_locatin = Gor DB ‘Spool Process 1eails Tersse [SPOOL REQUEST] ‘Brel convert them to Output request [Printer Specific] DIALOGUE - BTC request ~Spool Process | OUTPUT DIALOGUE - [TSTO1, TSTO2] - Spool Process FRONT END > Spool process comes at our Desktop Default setting is DB RZ11 :rspo_location = rdlisp/ btctime 3, The Spool process reads from TSTO1 and TSTO3 ie. the name of the author (USER), Name of the Printer, No of copies are procured from TSTO1 and Printable data from TSTO3n ‘Spool Process formats or converts spool requests to output requests ie. Printer specific format. If the format is performed locally then it i said to be LAN (Local Access Method), If itis performed remotely then itis said to be RAM (Remote access Method) Spool processes are configured by disp/wp_no spe (Rdisp indicates instance specific) There should be at least 1 one Spool process in the entire system, We can configure as many as we can depending upon the available resources. Iti also possible to have dedicated instances which will provide only spool processes PROGRAM| RSPO1041) to maintain TEMSE Refer: From SE12, ‘TPEYPROPTY Flag for changes (Obj name = parameter Raisp/time ‘Type T denotes Dynamic X-- Whether Changeable or not. SAP System ‘VL, V2 (Suppliers, Customer (Master Data, Application Data, Transaction Data) ‘dhuough programe ERP] SRM] CRM | SOM cur Tein | Regn am ren, ne 10s yorts, FM, £50, 60 oxumeqee Data Dicdonary ‘Tables! Views! Indes Domain Data lement ba Tables DORI cots alte SAP tase) os varesp Nate: We should not touch the Repository data of name space ‘A’to "x. ‘SEL1 > table name : /*(/is a customer name space)4 TADIR is the repository ‘TSTC - Is the T-Codes with the program name. Market place > keys 8 Reqs > Development Name space, Note: STMS > System > Transport Too! ‘no import all = 0 (No Mass Transportation) ‘SPOOL MECHANISM Dialogue - BTC - TBTC* - TS* Tables Dialogue ~ TS* Tables Spool process reads from TEMSE and convert spool requests to the output requests (Printer specific requests) SPOOLADMINISTRATION —TCODE- SPAD LPD - Line Print Demon Drivers are specific to 0/S and not to SAP 1. Its used to define output devices/ Spool servers and access methods Defining a Spool Serv: ‘The instance with atleast one spool process is referred as spool server. Its also referred as Real spool server. (Existing) Logical Spool Server. This is not existing but pointed to a Real spool/ another logical spool server. This is used for load balancing the spools,Real Spool Sener Rel Speel ‘Logi ‘Spool Sever Rel Spool Note: We can set up a dedicated instance for spool process. Dedicated Instances Barcode [Output SPSL DIA check { Outpu2 P52 Tawse Jf use Author, = BTC Laver [ Outpt [>] PS Printer, No of Copive Inkjet [Outpaa |] SPs CONFIGURING THE OUT PUT DEVICE 1. Execute SPAD 2-Click on the Spool Server - Display then Change 3-Click on create Server Name: LOGICAL SPI Server Class: Mass Printing Logical Server: Mapping : willsys28 00 Alt server:16 1 Execute SPAD 2. Click on output device 3. cick on aspay 42 Clk onchange 5. Giek on ereate, comavene (UA) ne __ HELIN HP Lacenet3 cones PCL ema tod | 6 Specify the Output device name ‘Specify the description ; Local Printer 7. Device type: HP Model & Manufacturern Device type specifies that the output device is recognized by SAP. If there is no device type available then select SAPWIN. If required write to SAP and try to get the device type. SAP sends programs in terms of Patches. SPAD > Utilties > For device types > Import Ifthe character set is required. < Waeys28_00 (Server RSI Nore) < ‘Willeys28_01(Alt Serv) RSD ‘Spool Seaver : LOGICAL SPL Device Class (Standard, Fox, Telex et) ‘Authorization Group : Specifies the access contol methods Model 2200 Location: Sth floor A wing. ‘Message : Only used by Pay Roll. Note: Dialogue --- TEMSE -- Author, Printer, Number of copies When printer is defined Spool server (LS/ RS) is assigned In order to print we need the spool process from the assigned instance to convert the spool request in to the output request. Spool process uses Access Methods to format the request. (either Local, Front End, Print server..)® ‘ACCESS METHODS It specifies the process of formatting the spool request to printer specific output request. LOCAL ACCESS METHOD The spool work process and the host spool resides in the same machine ie. the work process transfers the spool request to the spool system locally SelectL for UNIX based system (Local Print Method) Select for Windows (which uses direct operating system call) uta Dawe (ere stonname (LH HostspooiAccoss Mead _[L-PantLoeaiy Vena LPLPR zy Select F for FRONTEND printing Spool work process goes to the user desktop and format the request based on the printer that is ‘connected to desktop. This is more expensive, time consuming than any other methods. Disadvantages: No user can print in the background because the desktop initiation is not possible in the background during off peak hours. Advantages: Check printing, Sensitive docs, label printing Restrict the no of work process that can go into front end mode using the parameter. rdisp/wp_no_spo fro.max = 2 jie. two work processes can be used for front end printing, If this parameter is not used spool congestion occurs. Specify for Achieving device (Optical Devices, HSM, Jukebox (stores each copy (output doc)) Hierarchal storage machine» REMOTE ACCESS METHODS The formatting by spool work process is performed on remote system. Specify U for UNDX operating system where formatting is performed on the remote machine (Print server) using Berkeley protocol Specify S for windows operating system, It will transfer the formatting to remote system using ‘SAP specific protocol SAPLPD For LOCAL & REMOTE > Needs the printer models For FRONT END > SAPWIN When Remote access method is specified we need the following HOST Printer: Destination HOST: ice the printer should be configured on destination HOST. It can be a print server. USER Requests cul Front End Printer Note: Front end cannot be scheduled in the background.SPOOLMONITORING P01; sPo2 ‘The spool requests are monitored in SPO1. users can monitor the requests using $PO2. Spool Requests. Output Requests {Stores in Temse) ‘Spootrequestseiee] C21 Note: Put a check mark [ ] Do not query host spooler for output requests. If this option is checked, It improves performance. If we need the exact status then uncheck the box. ‘Output Attributes: Depends upon the company requirements. Tray info is also similar. The Major advantage of TEMSE is the documents can be displayed even before its printed, ‘SPOL is used to monitor the spool requests based on statuses. 1 Status - Minus’: Indicates not yet sent to the host system (No output requests exist) ‘The spool process is busy/ congested, if too many requests with this Status indicates need for increasing spool WP. 2.Status'+’ Spool request is being generated (Stored in Spool system) 3. Waiting Waiting for processing by spool 4.1m Process: The spool WP's formatting the output for printing 5. Printing ‘The host speo! is printing the output request. Ifthe SAP spool system does not receive any status information from the host, spool, this status displayed for approximately one minute. The system then sets the status to Complete (Competed or Error) 6.Completed : The output request printed successfully. In systems where the spool system does not receive any information about the host8 spool, the system changes to complete as soon as the output request is sent to the host spool. 7. Error It indicates a server error such as network error. The requests have not printed and remain in the spool system until they are deleted or until they reach their expiration date and are deleted during a reorganization 1. Printer issues like (Page setting issues, cartridge issues, printer not available) paper out, print server ‘not available) these printer specific issues will be resolved by Network Team/ Print Team, 2. User complain that they could not print documents to a specific printer. = Check the availabilty of the printer, if required we can change the printer and reprint the document. From SPO1 --- Select the request ~ Use Menu “Spool Request and print directly” or select print with changed parameters. While changing the parameter we can set the priority between 1 - 10 (1 as High) 3. Spool request cannot be generated - The TEMSE is full ie. TEMSE will be full when it reaches 99,000 requests and log is generated in SM21 (System Log) = We need to reorganize the spool requests using the SAP standard reports. (RSPO1041, RSPO1043, RSPOODAI, RSPO0D43). These are used to delete the old spool requests based on selection criteria, In general the spool requests which are older than 14 days will be deleted if standard jobs are scheduled in SM36 they also checks the consistency of TEMSE periodically. = We can also use SPAD for reorganization of spool (but the logic is same) For this Execute - SPAD > Full ADMIN > ADMIN > Delete old spool requests (Or from SA3B execute the program - RSPOOO41 Refer SMO1 - Transaction Codes [Lock/ Unlock]Transaction Codes: Lock/Unlock Locked Ser, Transaction Text ‘sarnswo, 1000) ‘s2_____|ensore) o113) (svPnsore) 0111) APNSOSW, 100) Oooo000 P12 - SPOOL TEMSE ADMINISTRATION Itis used to monitor the memory allocated for TEMSE Note: If we need to forward a spool request select the request in SPO1 and forward it to another user where user can print from alternative printer. 'SPO1 : Spool request > Forward > (Client to client) Recipient : DIC Use SBWP (SAP business work place) to display the request in inbox. PRINT QUEUES Note: Should have enough spool work process to format the requests to printer specific requests, Similarly we should have enough output devices to avoid the print queues. SETTING DEFAULT PRINTER From SUOL we can specify default printer to the user but do not check the box “delete the request after output immediately" which improves the spool performance. The printer can be locked during maintenance in SPAD To process the requests sequentially based on serial numbers Select the option -- [| print sequentially in SPAD from OP devices attributes tab, Print sequentially consumes time to print in the arder.Ifthis is unchecked it prints faster but sequence Js not maintained.8 Dialogue 2Min / Instance 75 - 150 MB 5-10 Users (Refer $T07) Handles request Interactively Muttiplexing Raisp/max_wp_runtime = 600 ‘SMS0/ SM66 wp.no dia DPMON It initiates update, BTC, spool, Message server and enqueue BIC Expensive, long running, time consuming No time limit Off peak time Scheduled to run periodically using variants Statuses (Scheduled, Released, ready, active, finished, cancelled) Job step Program (SA38), OSCommands (SM49, SM69), External Programs (on Tar. Systems) TBTC* tables Standard background jobs Pause(rdisp/btctime, wp_no_btc=0, btctrans]) Atleast 2 for the entire system ‘SM36; SM37 Operation modes (RZ04, SMi63) RSCOLL - gathers performance into STO3 BTC communicates with enqueue for lacking and spool for print. GATEWAY WORK PROCESS sow SMGW is used to monitor the gateway process. Gateway is used to cormmunicate between SAP and NON-SAP systems. There will be only 1 gateway/ instance. If required we can also install a standalone gateway on a JAVA engine, Gateway listens on port '3300'+instance number (3300, 3302,3302 where 01, 02 are the instances). Gateway provides an interface so that the extemal system can communicate with SAP system on the specified port.oa When RFCs are defined between the systems they use SAP gateway when (ALE, EDL, IDOC are transferring they use gateway) INSTANCE MANAGEMENT Instance is managed by using profiles. Profiles will resides in (ust/sap//sys/profiles) There are three types of Profiles 1 Default 2 Startup 3. Instance Profile As part of post installation we import the profiles of Active servers from R210, The profiles resides at OS level in the directory (ust\sap\\sys\profile) They can be managed/ edited using 3 notepad, But the consistency is not checked (say for eg. if we modify the instance profile WP DIA=2000 and there is no error message and versions are not maintained under OS level) DEV_DVEBMGS0O willsysdel. So these profiles are imported into database management for consistency check and version ‘management, Startup Profile Startup profile consists of startup parameters like Starting Database Starting Message Server Dispatcher + Work. Do nat modify these parameter under any circumstances on OS level. Default Profile It is used to provide global parameters for all the instances, buffer parameters, security parameters (Password, User restrictions), Message server host, enqueue host) Instance Profile This is specific to instance configuration such as work process, timeout parameters etc. Starting Sequence85 1 Startup profile is read by the system to start the engine by starting database, message server and dispatcher in Central Instance. 2. Startup profile is read by the system to start the engine by starting (DISP+WORK) on dialogue instance 3. There will be only one default profile in the entire system which provides global values. 4. Instance specific profile - This is used to set the instance specific parameters Eg, How many profiles are available on a system with 10 Dialogue instances. Total = 11 (including Central Instance) 11X 2 per instance (Start + Instance) 2 22 + 1 (Default Instance 3 PROFILE MANAGEMENT Documentation for profiles are available in RZ10 Profiles resides in the table - TPEYPROPTY RZ11 is also used to change some parameters dynamically without restarting the system but they will bbe reset once the system is restarted. RZ40 changes are permanent The field type ‘T Specifies the dynamic parameters. Rz10 There are three types of Administration, froie_ICDVEERED VALS) «iste ) (Sve cated ) @ aamevetaton cats (Qasie mairtnance (Cetended mantunanceNo need to maintain using this option. It only specifies the path of the parameters. Prtte ‘Version ‘Short description It's used to maintain the profile parameters without any technical names. GUI based using mouse ‘i)_[Rs1_oveeneseo_pewnita687 3. Extended Maintenance Used by administrator using parameter names Specify the input by including new parameters or modify the existing one, Copy > Save and Activate the profie. The profile changes are updated at OS level and the existing profile is marked as BAK and a new profile is created in the profile directory. It will effect only after restarting the Server. Profiles are changed on SAP recommendation or based on experience. Do not change any of the profiles on trail and error method, System will hang and may not restart. Display Profile R3I_DVEBMGS00_DEVALL36" Version DB Dialogue Instance 1 Dialogue Instance 2 Dialogue Instance 3 Dialogue Instance 4 NORTH Dialogue Intance 5 Buller STO7_- Application Monitor: User Distribution SMLG - Logon groups sapmsg ini88 Logon Load Balancing SMLG [kis used to route the requests to the least loaded instance of that group. Factors to define LLB. Identify the components along with users. If the users are logging to different instances the butters are scattered therefore they are not effectively used, eae SALES — Bate DB ‘Moly SALES ia Scatterngof Bulle So for this Goan SALES > Modify SALES |____f Display SALES DB * Note: DDLOG is the synchronization table User A AB =o} UserB A+B =75 J Buffer Synchronization 1. Butters are optimally utilized. 2. Load balancing to avoid long queues 3. Fail over (Logical) (As we are configuring logical system) Load balancing provides the following logon groups which are defined in SMLG. ‘SMLG > Define the groups and assign the instances. Mechanism 1. User uses SAP GUL -groups option to login 2.Saplogon.ini is used to display the available entries 3, User select group and click on logon.89 4, When the user select group. It looks for sapmsg.ini to identify the message server and etc/services for message server port. saproute: {For library), saplog 5, Message server communicates will all the dispatchers and identifies the least loaded server and ‘mark it as a favorite server in SMLG. The request is routed to the favorite server. 6. The dispatcher process the request normally ‘Sapmsg.ini---- IP Address —- Hostname of the message server Central instance (but not always) DATA TRANSFER TECHNIQUES During the implementation of the legacy system needs to be preserved or used in the current system, Example: A customer/ company is running business for the past 30 Years. He is maintaining customer, details, vendor details, supplier details, employees and salaries, account payables, account receivables and P&L (Profit and Loss). This information is required by the customer in SAP System, So there is need to transfer the legacy system data to SAP system, Example: Customer implemented SAP but the employees who are old cannot make use of SAP system, They would like to work on the traditional systems. After go live both systems SAP and legacy travel parallely. The data entered in the legacy system ie. PO's, Invoices, Billing, Shipping are to be transferred periodically(Hourly)bi-hourly(for every 4 hrs) or daly Example: Reliance, Hero Honda (826 Company to Dealers] not B2C (Distributers to customers] they communicate with dealers, suppliers, using SAP. But dealers and suppliers use non-SAP system so it is required to establish communication between SAP and NON SAP systems and perform the data transfer periodically. ETL Extract - Transfer - Load SAP - Non SAP Hero Honda XML Dealers RFC: REMOTE FUNCTION CALL sMs9 RFC is used to communicate between SAP systems and SAP to Non-SAP systems using TCP/IP protocol. RFC’s are defined in (SMS9}, There are 4 types of RFC's1. Asynchronous RFC 2. Synchronous RFC. 3. Transactional RFC 4. Queue RFC 1. Asymehrenous RFC - (Like a post carc), The sending system may or may not receive ite. there is 1no acknowledgement from the receiving . The transmission is not reliable 2, Synchronous RFC -Itis not like ARFC, It gets an acknowledgement from the target system. (lke a register post If the receiving system is not available the process goes into RFC/ CPIC/ Sleep mode and waits untl itis wakened by the target system. Target system/ Receiving system may be busy Le all the resources are used up. This is reliable but time consuming and expensive (Client Copy) the job should get finished. Note: SAP uses CPIC protocol SAP specific (Common Programming Interface for Communication) to ‘communicate between system, Berkley UNIX PRINTER PIC. SRFC 3, Transactional RFC = TRFC - It is an advanced version of ARFC and SRFC. The request goes to receiving system if it is not handled a Transaction ID is generated by the source system. A program RSARFCSE is scheduled in the background to run for every 60 seconds. Transaction SMS8 is used for Transactional RFC. It is used to document all the transactional ID's and ensure that they are received by the recipient system. This is consistence and reliable, Example : Central user administration, ‘A.useris created in the parent client and transferred to the child client when they are available? 10.30 Availsble First < 10.10 Availzble Third 10.00 Availzble second RSARFCSE —..- Enoures consistency: 4. Queued RFC - It is an advanced version of TRF and ensures that the transaction is committed based on FIFO/ Queue. It ensures transaction consistency of LUW and reliability of data transmission. SMQJ - to monitor the outbound queues of a sending system refer SCOTT for FAX SMQQ2 - Provides interface to monitor Inbound queues.9 DEFINING SYSTEMS - SALE SAP systems consists of more than one client - technically 1000 client can be created in one system. ‘So we need to identify which client is the business client. Preciously SAP is client based (A mandatory field while login) Each client is defined with a logical system name that is defined in SALE. (Sap System linking and enabling). Each system is identified by SID, client by 3 digit number. So, Logical system number should be CLNT fg, DEVCLNT900, To identify the systems easily by name 1. Goto > SALE > Basic Settings > Logical System 2. Define Logical System (CLNTO09) 3. Assign logical system to the client. There should be unique SID in the Landscape. Defining RFC Connection - SM59 1 SMS9 - Provide the name of the logical system 2.Select the connection type '3" 3. Description about the connection 4, Technical settings (Host name and Instance No) 5, Logon Security (Client, UID, PWD, Logon Language) 6. Save the connection, Test Connection, Remote logon Peron tre tiesto add 3 systems Civ User Adminstration SCUA Goto > BO6A or SALE > To define the sending systems and eceing systems Use the SAP standard mora fo that ppltion cramp To configure central user administration SCUA Teode suse from 00/Sapuse Erecute SCUA modells > Create (The logged in system is treated as Sending system) We need to define recipient/ receiving systemsDEVCLNTOOL DEVCLNTOOO DELCLNTOO1 save to configure CUA Goto back end systems Try to execute SUOL and create an user... It wont allows us to create because the receiving systems will become a Child system, 'SCUM is performed only in the Parent System Eg: Consider a Scenario ~ Being in parent create an user assigning profile SAP_ALL + define systems and SAVE Stop the other systems ~ Execute SM58 (Transactional RFC) Users are distributed to the child client using TRFC(SMS8) and ifthe client system is not Available the record hangs in SMS8 and ensure that is updated in the child client. To delete : Execute report : RSDELCUA or SCUA select the client and delete. EDI - Electronic Data Interchange Itis used to communicate between SAP to NON-SAP systems. [ALE - SAP to SAP only, IDOCS (Intermediate Documents) are used to transfer the data. It will be in the Understandable format of both sending and receiving systems. SAP - NON SAP. WEOS is the Tcode to monitor the [DOCS SCUL to check the logs WEDS > Status93 HE HUTTE 01049 - are the outbound IDOCS 50 ‘and above are the inbound IDOCS 52 - States that the application document not posted fully 53 ~ states that the document is posted o2 ~ states that there is error in the port 7 = states there is a syntax error. Teode IDOC to check the consistency 'WE21 to identify the ports for IDOC processing. Osteray Ottery ‘SYSTEM MONITORING Gateway is a port that listens on 3300. Itis used to monitor the health of systems in terms of storage, memory and CPU technically. Status (Killed, Ended, Free... Instance is down) But on SAP front we need to monitor the process utilization, pending updates, dead locks, system logs, database logs, system dumps, btc failures, REC failures, Failed spool requests, work load on the: system (Users, Reports, Transactions, Programs) PROCESS MONITORING SMSO (INSTANCE)/ SM66 (GLOBAL)4 ‘Monitor the instance specific processes in SMSO and Global Specific Process overview based on status in S66. ‘Monitor the processes with status(reasons) running, hold, stopped, sleep, RFC/ CPIC, PRIV. Identify the user, time, cient, Action If BTC is running for longer times check whether its permissible as per the process document, Dialogue process should not consume more than 1-2 seconds for normal tasks. It will be automatically down (Killed) by system in 600 Seconds. IFit is not killed the process might be occupied by dedicated resource and uses heap memory with status PRIV. The process has to complete the job ‘or Heap Memory should exhaust, so that process comes out. We may need to kill the processes with status PRIV using DPMON, Task Manager or Kill -9 Command on UNIX. I more number goes into PRIV we may need to restart the instance. Refer: select MANDT, Count(*) as Total from DEV.USRO2 group by MANDT. Note : Rdisp/qui_auto logout = 900 sec --- Example User pud forgotten and all the users are locked if SAP? is deleted. It will be created with Password pass. Do not change the status of uses in the USRO2 Table Select MANDT, BNAME, UGLAG from USRO2 128 - Self Locked 64 Administrator Lock never becomes 0 Refer SM12 - Select Lock Entries SM13 - Update requests, M14 - Update program Administration (Deactivate) ‘SM36 ~To define the Back ground Job M37 - J08 monitor SM21 - System Log S722. - ABAP Dumps/ Runtime Error RZ04_- Maintain Operation Modes ‘SM63 - Display/ Maintain Operation Mode Set $PO1_ - Output controller - Spool Standard Jobs - RSBTCDEL - Deletes the batch job logs- RSSNAPDL - Delete Old ABAP Dumps ~RSPO1041_- Delete Old spool logs and files - RSMO13002- Delete old update request logs =RSCOLLOD.- Collects performance info in Transaction ST03 = RSPO1043_ - Spool Reorganization. DPMON - When the user could not login to the system (Experience Hour glass) Process the list © OS Level DPMON K Provide SR. Number Provide PID, ‘SM59 - RFC Destination SMSO - Process Overview SMS1 - Active SAP Servers ‘SM66 - Global Work Process overview WEDS -IDOC List| ‘SMQl - QRFC (outbound) queve SMQ2 - QRFC (inbound) queue SMO - User List Market Place > SAP Support Portal > Suserid> >Downloads > Installation Upgrades > My Company Components SAP Solution Manager 7.0 Installation Exports (1 of 4 1 Kernel, Java Components > Add to download Basket Paste in \sys\exe\UC | Instal the download manager ‘SYSTEM MONITORING Each customer provides a standard check list to monitor their systems from time to time, Eg; BSI (British Standard Institute) requests the consultants to monitor the system on hourly basis.96 P&G requests their production systems to be monitored periodically for every & Hrs Check lists contains the following 1. Identify the instances which are down i.e. SMS1 to lst the servers and monitor the instances which are up and running. If any instance is down, we need to report with high priority. 2, Analyse the reason for failure (Check if the system is scheduled for downtime) If we are authorized start the instance and ifit could not be started then look into werk directory for logs. ‘SMSO identifies the process which are long running IMPORT ABAP : -\prog files\sapinst instdir\erp\system\ora\central\as Er, Ok, exe, ‘TRANSPORT GROUPS: ‘COMMON TRANSPORT DIRECTORY lastieapltrans oD yoo sor Note: usrisap\trans can be on JOD, J0Q, JOP or on separate disk ‘Transport Groups with individual transport directories. cc _ _l TRANS TRANS TRANS secant [ L T 305 308 1oF (On Joo >97 Perform SICK 'SEO6 > Standard Installation - Perform Post Installation DIco’ TMS From Menu Overview > Systems Extras > Delete TMS configuration or execute DICO 2. Login to DC (Domain Contelen Development Syste G00 clint with wser ike DOIC 2 Execute STMS > Will prompt to create a wansport Domain Domainname vil be Domaine SID> Save the Domain 3. Login to Quality system recute STM » ‘As DC i already created from the above tep We need to incude systems inthe DC SelectIcon > Other Configurations Include System in Domain Pops up DC Host/ Target Host : JOMLERTDEV DC Sys No/ System No: 00 SAVE Upon saving the request from quality system is sent to DC to include in the domain. 4.Similarly perform the to include production into DC 5. Login to the DC 70D 709 | por 6. From DC From Menu Overview > Systems JoD 30Q JOP Select the system JOP from SAP System Menu > Click on approve. Select the system J0Q and click on Approve frorn Menu SAP System > Approve98 ‘TRANSPORT GROUP If each system has their own transport group i. they maintain transport groups themselves Le. 3- Transport directories are configured. Double Click on the system JOD from Communication Tab From Transport Group Tab change mode Provide Name : Group JOD Perform the same for JOQ SAVE 7. Defining the Landscape From the DC/ 000/ DDIC > Goto STMS Click on the icon transport routes Click on change Menu - Configuration > Standard configuration > Three systems in group, > Continue > SAVE Three system configuration - Say YES Note: In principle there will be only one client in the production system. 4OQ -~ 2 Clients [Test Training] - UNIT TEST JOP ----1.Client JOD---- 2 Clients [DEV and Customizing, UNIT Testing] ‘SYSTEM MONITORING SMs1 ‘SMS0/ SM65 SM13 SMA M37 POL9 'SM04/ ALO8 : Used to identify the number of users logged on to the instance. Identify the users |who are consuming more memory and also identity the transactions and identify why itis consuming ‘more time, This TCODE is also used to logoff the user session if required. Los. 'SM21: System logs specific to the instance, We can also identify the logs of other instances, System log > Remote system Itis used to display the logs for the following activities.100 ‘System Log: Local Analysis of dewal3 selon ees renee J 1 System Startup/ Work process log 2. AILABAP dumps are documented 3. When we delete SM12 the locks are logged. 4 All the database related errors like Space issues, Segment Mai 5. Illegal attempts and user locks 6. Session Termination due to network failures. ‘Asa part of monitoring we need to identity the messages with color red. 7.Time out errors [Identify the error message from the log and searchin the market place. 8.1 displays the logs based on date/time, user, t-code & problem class. ‘When ever a SAP Program (ABAP program) could not be executed due to an error it will be thrown, ‘out from the GUI- Screen and a dump is recorded in $T22, $122 recovers the following 1 Divide Error 1/0 2. Update (Lags in Memory) 3. Infinite Loops.ow 1. TIMEOUT error: The program requires more time than the time defined in rdisp/max wprun time 2. Memory related issues with error message PXA, SWAP, PAGE, OUT OF MEMORY. This error requires memory corrections to the parameters. 3, Program Corrections: The problem is with SAP standard program for which SAP provides a correction through notes (The correction can be applied through SNOTE) 4. Customer defined programs (7, 'Z) consumes more memory, endless loops, improper select, statements etc. The program need to be corrected by the developer. 5. Enqueue Table Overflow: SM12 6. Update Deactivation : S14 7. Database issues like table space over flow, max-extents reached, archive stuck. 8. Illegal time: (Day light savings) - During day light savings the system date and time has to be ‘changed. Stop the AS and change the date if not, the above error occurs, Note TsTC - Holds the transaction and the Program name TSTCT - Holds the description” text of a T-Code. PERFORMANCE TUNING ST02102 DIKG DISPATCHER ouues + @ WO, WI, Wnt TASK HANDLER © Seven ‘ABAP Interpreter |) }CPU Bs S sQt i 1) PUBLIC BUFFER or 8 *{ DECht This complete journey should be completed within 600 Milli seconds on an average or goes up to 600 Seconds Max. 1. Front End Time/ GUI Time : Time taken by the user to reach the dispatcher is called as Front end time, The GUI time should not exceed more than 200 M.Sec. fit exceeds this consider the following, 1 User desktop is slow 2 If this is same with all the users, network might be congested, 3, The user request is expensive (FI and basis will logon to the central instance, Rest of all the users ate allowed to login to Dialogue instance) Note: GUI response time is not considered as a part of the Dialogue response time because the request is not received by the dispatcher. 2. Wait Time! The amount of time the user request sits in the queue. Generally it should not be more than 50 M.Sec or 10% of the response time. If the time exceeds, consider the following. 1 The work process are not sufficient to handle the user requests. (1:5) 2, There are sufficient processes but the existing process are held with expensive request Login/disable_multi_gui_login. 3, Rell in Time: The work process copies the Rollin User context into WP task handler. The time taken by the work process to copy the context (Rol In is referred as Rollin time. Generally it should not be ‘more than 50 Mec Ifit is more than this consider the following, 1. The user context is heavy to Roll in (User might having more authorizations, parameters)103 2, Minimize the authorizations. 4, Roll Out Time: The time taken by the work process to copy the information from its local memory to Roll Area/ Roll File/ User context/ Roll buffer and it should not be more than 50 M. Sec 5. Roll Wait Time: During the processing when a dialogue process communicates with RFC's and waiting for the response at this time the user context is copied/ rolled back to BTC ---- RFC --- Target system. Roll wait time Sleep Note: Roll wait time is not considered as a part of response time. If the roll wait time increases consider there is a bottle next on the REC communication, 6. Processing Time: The time taken by the work process to process the user request using Interpreters. The processing time should not be more than 200 M.Sec. If the processing time is more we can consider either ABAP program is expensive, scteen is expensive or SQL statements are expensive. 7. EPU Time: When the request are processed using interpreters an amount of CPU is utilized to process the request using CPU resources is referred as CPU time. ‘As CPU time is included in processing time itis not calculated in the response time. CPU time should not be more than (40% of the Dialogue response time - Wait time). If CPU time is ‘more consider tuning ABAP Programs Refer to ABAP development team (Also Refer SE30 ABAP Run time Analysis, STOS Performance Analysis) 8, UG'Time Load and Generation Time: Time required to load the objects such as source code, GUL info, screen info from the database and generate these objects (Refer LC2O : Live Cache). It should not be more than 200 M.Sec. Run SGEN tcode after patch application, upgrade, new installation or when there is a mass change in the programs, 9. Enqueue Time: The time taken by the process to communicate with enqueue for obtaining the lock while updating a record is referred as Enqueue time. Enqueue time should be 5 MSec. on a Central instance and 100 MSec on a Dialogue instance. If it exceeds more than this time we can consider that the enqueues are not sufficient or Enqueue table overflow. or WP waiting for a lock 10, RFC oF EPIC Time: The time taken by the process to communicate with external interfaces is teferted as RFC time. I should be as minimal as possible. (Communication between any BW/ CRM/ ‘SCM system). There wont be any threshold value as it depends on External system,os 11, Database Time: The time taken by the process to reach the database and process the request. Generally it should not be more than 40% of (Response time - Wait time). Its similar to the CPU time. IF DB Time is more consider the following, 1 The DB statistics job is not scheduled in DB13. 2. The DB resources are stake(CPU and Memory Utilization) ie. Resource bottle neck on DB. 3, The DB Butfers are not sufficient. 4, Missing indexes in DB02, 12, Dialogue Response time: The time taken by the Dialogue process to process the request which includes Wait time... To... Roll Out Time] [ait time + RI + RO + PI-+LG + RFC + DB +ENT] Note: Team Viewer is the Remote Desktop support Software BOMGAR. © Indicates - Average Time # Indicates - Total Time WORK LOAD ANALYSIS sT03 ST03_It is used to calculate the work load analysis, Select Expert Mode to identify the expensive programs, transactions, reports and users. While calculating the average consider the number of dialogue steps of the transaction user. If the response time is more and dialogue steps of fewer 1 or 2 then the average response time could not be worked out. The response time should be worked out only when there are atleast 10,000 dialogue steps. Physical Memory: The memory that is available or the memory that is configured on the instance using the parameter PHYS MEMSIZE. * PHYS. MEMSIZE: This parameter restricts the usage of memory by that instance. ‘Virtual Memory: The physical memory and SWAP memory/ Paging Memory on the disk ‘The physical memory will not be sufficient to provide the users for temporary work area/ Calculations/ 0 part ofthe disk which is configured for SWAP is used,los ‘On UNIX during installation assign atleast 2068 of SWAP. On windows assign atleast 3*RAM size/ 20 GB which ever is higher. ‘Shared Memory: The memory that is used by all the applications (OS, DB, R/3) Extended Memory: The memory that is used by SAP work processes is referred as Extended Memory. Local Memory: The memory that is assigned to work process is referred as Local Memory Roll Memory/ Roll Buffer: The memory that is used by work process to store the user context information is referred as Rall memory Private/ Heap Memory: The memory that is used by work process exclusively by restricting itself. MEMORY ALLOCATION 1. User submits the request, 2 Dispatcher assigns the WP 3. WP requires memory to Roll -In the user context 4, WP gets memory from local memory which is defined in the parameter ztta/roll_area. It gets only a part of it which is defined by parameter ztta/roll first (20K8) 5. If the allocated memory is not sufficient then it gets allocated from Extended memory ztta/roll_extension. 6 If that is also not sufficient then it uses the remaining ROLL Area, 7. If that is also not sufficient then it uses HEAP/ PRIVATE Memory and the WP goes into PRIVATE Mode. 8, Heap memory is defined by the parameter Abap/heaplimit=46B ‘Abap/heap_area dia Transaction ST02 provides the memory utilization 8, Fach dialogue uses abap/heap area dia and non dia uses abap/heap area nondia both process should not exceed abap/heap area total Memory : RAM is the first Memory. Out of this we don't want to allow SAP to utilize the whole ‘memory. Virtual Memory: PagefilesysMEMORY (Piya SWAP) (Pat of HDD + RAM) SHARED MEVORY | HEAP/FRIVATEMEVORY FOR ALL WP sbepiiony_see dia EXTENDED MEMORY LOCAL MEMORY wr [ve [wo | wa] wo [ Route | ANB 20MB Rol Bur ‘ita Ral_ Area User ---> Dispatcher ---> WP ---> Rolls Its Memory Requires Memory to Roll In to the Task Handler Ztta/roll first - 20KB Extended Memory is used by all the Work Processes. 20 KB ztta/roll first through ztta/roll_area Extended Memory ztta/rll_extension : 512 MB Come back to local Memory 106, eto forEsch WP Ifall the memory is consumed it cant come back so goes to the Heap/ Private Memory. CASE STUDY We have configured 20 WP in the Instance and we know pretty well that each user request consumes. ‘2 minimum of 25MB of Memory WP MEMORY 4B ace Roll first Rollextn Roll Area Heap 1 20K8 S12MB-19980MB2GB. 20KB S12MB -19980MB_ 22GB 8 9 20KB ome. 19980M8 SMB STATUS Priv Priv PRIv107 Rdisp/max_priv_time When the process uses Heap Memory iti used in Heap/ Private mode. The processes Which are in PRIV Mode cannot be timed out by Raisp/max wprun_time Rdisp/max priv time So configure so that the process is timed out after this time (600 Seconds/ 10 Minutes) when the work process goes into PRIV mode it wll not listen to rdisp/max wprun_time=600sec It will be released only after the task completion or Memory is exhausted(Abap/heap_area_dia)/ timed out by sdisp/max_priv_time, Ths situation is referred as Hour Glass Mode or WP Congestion. At this situation we can use DPMON or SMO4 to terminate the user session, If not kill the process at OS level based. on PID, Q The user complains that he could not login to the system - Hour Glass Mode? A. LWPiinto PRIV Mode 2, ARCHIVE STUCK (The user could not update any record and results in hour glass mode) BUFFERS sTo2 The frequently used content and less frequently modified is eligible for butfering. Company Name, GUL screens, calendars, table definitions, programs etc are eligible for buffering Data such as Exchange Rates, Transactional Data(PO, Sales Order, Invoice, Billing) are not eligible for buffering Butfering is specific to instance. Each buffered element is stored in the memory of the instance in terms of Directories and Space. £g, Programs can be stored up to 150000 KB, 150 MB in 37,500 directories. If the directories/ size is full then Buffer Swaps occurs in STO2. When SWAP occurs the content needs to be fetched again from Database which increases the response time.os. RAISING A REQUEST TO SAP FOR A SAP ROUTER From the Market Place www.service-sap.com > click on SAP Support Portal. > From Help and Support Tab > click on Report a Product Error From Here Provide Customer Company Name Installation System ID. soD Next > Search Term SAP Router (Oro with Message Select the system & select the component Raise a request as follows: Dear SAP, We have installed solution manager and 3 ERP systems in the landscape. Before we start implementation we would like to establish connecting with SAP using SAP Router. Name of the Server : JOMLSOLMAN IP Address 213.210.213.197 (This is where our SAPRouter is going to be configured) We are using dedicated public IP Address sip Jos INSTANCENO =: 00 Please send us certificate details { Open the connectivity, How many hours it needs to be opened: Provide Userid and password/ Client ) Provide your name R.Shunmugam Phone No: Hit SEND Note: from Market Place > My Profile > Maintain Single Sign on Certificate > Specify Password,From Market place > Check the email. SAP : 213.210.213.197 JOLSOLMAN 194,39.13134 Earlier from the Back End system say for eg: SOLMAN system 001/ DDIC > Login to the SOLMAN system Discontinued from 2006 - TEODE > 0551 (Online SAP Service) From Menu Parameter > Technical Settings Hit Change SAPRouter at SAP Noté Instance 98 (Is for SOLMAN Diagnostic Tool), 99(SAP Router) All kind of services can be acquired from OSS1 (Over the web using DIAG protocol. (tis discontinued) 4 systems in the landscape SSAP Router is a software pragram which is used to restrict to access the customer systems using the table SAPROUTTAB, ‘SAPROUTTAB is a text file with out any extension in the router directory with prefix P, D and S (Permit, Deny and Secure sometimes) ‘STEPS TO CONFIGURE SAP ROUTER 1 Create a directory with name saprouter in uss\ sap\directory. uusr\sap\saprouter Ensure that the folder has full (Read + Write permissions)Lo Note ‘SAPRouter is an executable in the kernel directory (usr\sap\SID\sys\exe\ue\NTI386). Nipping is an executable to ping to the router. This two executables needs to be copied to the router directory. However we can also download from market place. ‘On Windows> Check whether the SAPRouter service is running or not to make sure whether the ‘SAPRouter is already configured or not 2. From Market Place > My Company App Components Look for SAPROUTER700 Windows server X64 Click on Add to download basket. 3. Login as ADM 4. Create a sub directory E\ust\sap\saprouter 5. From Command Prompt Change directory to trans as its holding the downloaded files E\usr\sap\trans> sapear -xvf saprouter 12 100004305 sar 6. copy the two uncared files in to the saprouter directory 7. From market place click on Download Area > SAP Cryptographic Software sar file ‘SAP | support Pont: It depends on OS We can dovnload either CAR or SAR fileoo. 0 Cota etc bray Mosc Wns 20096 6.6 Paste the file in usr\sap\saprouter sapcar -xvf 90000114.car Note: Download Manager > Configuration > SUSERID and PWD 8, Create a service called SAPRouter service. From Command Prompt > Saprouter> jntsemge install SAPRouter -b E:\usr\sap\saprouter\saprouter.exe - p "JOSADM™ It will create a service JOS is the SID 9. Define a file SAPROUTTAB Cteate a file SAPROUTTAB in the saprouter dir with out any extension 10, SNC (Secured Network Connection Needs to be added) For this, Goto > www.servi Apply Copy [ Shows the Distinguished Name] > Hit Continue ap.com/SAPROUTER-SNCADD 11. Define the Environment Variable My Comp > Properties > Advanced> Variable : SECUDIR Path: EAusr\sap\saprouter Variable SNCUIB Path: E\sur\sap\saprouter\nt-X86_64\saperypto.dll Saperyptall to encrypt and decrypt the messages. 12, Generating certificate from Customers End (SOLMAN System) Use the command Sapgenpse.exe will be in nt-X86.64 so gotoSaprouter> CD nt-x86_64 Saprouter\nt-X86 64> sapgenpse get pse -v-r certreq -p local.pse "Paste the distinguished name’ Prompts for PIN: any password Twice Sapgenpse - SAP Gen ic Personal Security Encryption 13, Work fle eertreg in \nt-X86_64 (Open with notepad ‘And copy from BEGIN to END Paste in the STEP 10 in the text box and hit Continue Click on request certificate It generates a text with BEGIN to END. Now copy from BEGIN to END from SAP that site/ Screen Paste it in a notepad file(without extension) with file name steert in the folder nt-X86.64 14. Importing the Certificate Nt-X86_64> sapgenpse import own cert -c srcert -p local.pse 15, being in nt-XB6_64 > sapgenpse seclogin -p local.pse -o JOSADM Will create a file ered v2 16, SAPROUTTAB > open with notepad > copy the whole content (from already configured system) > provide> SAP IP > Our. 17. TO check the Distinguished name Sapgenpse get.my name -v -nissuer 18, Router as Service Services msc > saprouter From Logon Tab Select This Account : JOSADM Apply To Uninstall Nesemgr install saprouter -b EA SAPSR3- 14 SAPSR2-9SAPSRL- 6 19, Execute S58 ‘SAPOSS > Change IP Address of SAPRouter at Customer Side ‘And also change at SAP Side Router String Goto Market Place Download service connection Maintain Data > System Data SOLMAN Production System Goto 08 Server Hostname > SOLMAN BP Address : 124.12.124.19 OS = NT/INtel Version : Win2003, DB Release 9.20.80 Router String:> H/220227.194.202/s/3299 Create New Connection RFC Connection Logon Security el 001 SC04013677 [AISUSER tcode ‘SAP ROUTER Theory 1. Maintain our systems in the Market Place 2. SAP able to connect and we need to provide authentication 3. SAP Router provides the authorization and we need to provide the authentication, ‘The password will be visible [ SAP router side will restrict the user. Market place > connect to SAP > R/3 Support > Open connectioni Take out the access from SCC4, SE38, SA38, ‘SAP Router is an executable which is used to restrict the access to the customer systems over the network. It works lke 2 frewall/ proxy to permit and deny the access to the SAP systems. It needs to be configure before implementation Part of SAP, RMMAIN tcode only in SOLMAN Implementation Road Map > Technical Infrastructure Planning > Order for Remote Connection to SAP Project Preparation Phase. SAP Router 1. Create message to SAP along with your SAP Router [Hostname], IP Address and Customer Number (SAP Router need not to be installed on Solution Manager /DEV/ QAS/ PRD. It can be installed on any desktop, but itis advised to install on SOLMAN system to ensure that itis monitored periodically. Cust Number: When we buy SAP we will be provided with the customer number. SAR - SAP Archive -CAR - Compressed Archive Kernel comes with SAR only [Global Host] - DB - Central Instance - Dialogue Instance Usr\sap 2. SAP responds with Distinguished name. 3. Create SAP Router directory and copy the executables from exe\ue\NTI386 or download from the ‘market place. (www.-service sap.com/swdc) copy only SAPCAR.exe, SAPROUTER exe and NIPPING exe 4. Download the Cryptography files from Market place related to OS and bit version (Download *SAR files) 5. Uncar the files into SAPRouter directory 6. sapgenpse...... executable used to generate the personal security environment. ‘SAPROUTETAB isa file (without any extension) used to have ACL (Access Control List) S - Secure; P ~ Permit; D - Deny; K -SNC (Secure network connection) 7. Generate the certificate using distinguished "DN" name with executable SAPGENPSE, 8. Copy and Paste certificate from Begin to End the market place url ‘/Saprouter-SNCADD9. Request a certificate from the market place copy into sreert. 10. Import the certificate into router system using SAPGENPSE 11. Start the router using command saprouter -r -k "DN" 12, Goto SMP ---- Report Error -- Connect to SAP Select the system - Maintain System Data -- Download service connector -- Maintain Router details ------- Start service connector -- Open connection by selecting the service---- Specify no of days and hours. Similarly maintain all the other systems in the landscape. Inform SAP to connect to ‘our systems 13, On each backend system we need to maintain the RFC details in OSS1 Transaction. It will update ‘SAPOSS RFC Connection, ‘SAPOSS, SAP-OSS, SAPSNOTE are created on communicating with the Market Place. ‘ST02 continuation. Used to monitor the buffer swaps on the Application Server/ Instance LAU - Least Recently used. Buffer swaps occurs when there are no sufficient directories or space. When more swaps occur they are displayed on STO2 in swaps column, Analysis: Identity the buffer areas whose swaps/ Database access are more. BUFFER SWAPS indicate the following 1 No Sufficient space or directories 2. The content is frequently modified 3. Mass transportation of objects 4. The configured buffers are small 5. During the restart and when support packages are applied and when upgrade is performed. Do no take any decisions based on the readings on a specific day. Analysis has to be carried out if there are atleast 10,000 requests BUFFER HIT RATIO.6 ‘SAP recommends this value to be around 98% {For every 100 request ‘2 request goes to database and the remaining should be from the buffers) Key areas that effect the performance are program butfers, table buffers and Table and Field definitions. Change the program buffer using ABAP/ buffer size to a maximum of 600 MB on 32 bit Machines. Remaining parameters based on SAP recommendation from RZL1. ‘TABLE Buffering ‘SAP stores the content in tables (Every data except start and stop logs is stored in DATABASE, no 1prog/ no datas available in the file systern) There are four types of Buffering 1. FULL Buffering 2. Generie Buffering 3. Single Record Buffering 4, No Buffering This is maintained for each table SE13 refer USRO2 Table. 1. Full Buffering: The tables which are frequently used and rarely modified are eligible for buffering (Also which are small in size) Eg: T000 have all the clients and required to create a client copy. (This is fully buffered) 2. Generic Buffering: Tables which are relatively large, frequently used, rarely modified using a set of keys (Fields) Eg: USRO2; TOO Company info 3. Single Record Buffering: The tables which are large in size, frequently used and rarely modified are buffered using a primary key 4, No Buffering: The tables which are large frequently used, and frequently modified are not eligible for buffering. VBAK (SALES), EKKO (PURCHASE) BUFFER SYNCHRONIZATION When more than one application server is configured then buffers between different instances may not be synchronized. In order to synchronize buffers set the parameterur Raisp/ butfermode Raisp/ buffertime jend on; exec auto, 60 Sec. ‘Mechanism 1 Userl request to APP1 for update Sales order to Rs. 500 @ 10:00:01 2. User2 request to APP2 for update the same sales order to Rs.550 @ 10:00:20, 3, User3 request APP for display @ 10:00:40 WP will sk DDLOG table to check for recent update within 60 Sec. (DDLOG is a butfer synchronization table) Ifthere is any change then it will fetch from DB and swap out the buffer. IF there are no updates, fetches the same from APP1 Buffer. Ifthe content is requested after 60 Seconds, by that time it will be synchronized between APPI and APP2 DDLOG is a synchronization between instances and maintain TIMESTAMP Note: 0813, 0802, DB buffer. Refer - All the programs are stored in TADIR, TSTC, TOOL, E070, SEOL - DB shouldbe sufficient to hol the records All the programs is in Uncompiled mode in TADIR table. SGEN - Compiles the programs ‘ST04 DB PERFORMANCE MONITOR - SQL server performance analysis. Its used to display the database butfer hit ratio. Itis recommended that it should not be less than 94% i.e. for every hundred reads only 6 should goes to the database. - Database hit ratio comes down below 94% then consider the followingLs, 1. Frequent updates on the database 2. DB Buffer size is not sufficient to hold the content fetched from the database. Iti calculated by using formulae [Logical reads - Physical Reads]/ Logical Reads * 100 Logical Reads s the sum of [Physical reads and Buffer Reads (Buffer Gets/ Reads) FROM STO4 ‘se00) esa arma “uses 81 wesenica ‘eect 1085 “as se es ‘somaee ° surat) 7 Physical Reads: The reads from the database. Ifthe buffer hit ratio comes down it effects on the DB response time, Ensure that DB Buffers are configured as per the available memory. Some times complete memory will bbe dedicated to DB Butters. ST06 OSMONITOR It Fetches the data using service SAPOSCOL and it displays CPU Usilization, Memory Utilization and disk response time. The CPU idle time should not be less than 30% [For Portal up to 80% to 85%] Ifitis below 30% we can consider the following, 1 The ABAP programs are expensive with multiple conditions and endless loops. 2.The CPU is not sufficient to handle the load because the hardware is not procured as per sizing Probably the hardware is procured as per sizing but the number of users grown dynamically (300- 1600). In this scenario we advice to deploy additional instances. 3. If the programs are expensive then refer to development team, Ir also displays the memory installed on the machine, Memory available(Free) along with the ‘SWAP space. Ensure that physical memory free is available to handle the user requests. If not ‘memory bottleneck [Ris also used to start and stop SAPOSCOL (during Upgrades) Note: OSCOL brings the operating system information into S106. f OSCOL is not started STO6 will be blank.19 ‘We can check TOP CPU utilization for the current inthe last 24 Hrs. Local (dewall36) / Operating System Monitor: AIX os sug 19 15:56:02 2009 interval 19. se ov lvervsstren ueer a Syston 4] tan aa| Py inl 1s el Be ereten carisre ‘s70/context cestenos/e et Foterewts/s | LAN CHECK BY PING is used to ping to all the systems in the Network/ Landscape. Ifa user complaints that he could not connect to the server (Ping to the desktop)120 LAN Check by PING im 7 cv ooieton Ses 1 pee Datnase Sars Click on Presentation Server LAN Check by PING (Presentation Server) Forni LAN Check by PING (Presentation Server) 19,06 2009 16°10-11 1 Ping to Presentation Servers fron dovall36_(dewal136) [servernane [servant [nin cne) ava cns)[nax (a) voor sans 0,109.19. 218 tao] sao] 10 'STO7 Used to identify whether the system is optimally designed or not. Say for Eg: from the below screen. Users are 9944 and the WP are 27 so each WP serves 5-10 Users so 27*10 = 270 Here users are including Active and Inactive Users.1a ‘Application Monitor: User Distribution Tstabore ae RL GHP Release 700 Syaten_ ORACLE ute on totber ot severe Gane presses ar ‘Ask the customer to provide the list of Active users. Each work process serves around 5-10 Users. Calculate the number of Process Vs Users to determine no of Users/ Process. Based on the number of servers we can also define logon load balancing. Its also used to identity the memory utilized, This is also used to identity Response time and Buffers Utilization. ALLL List the SAP Directories on Application Server. STIL Its used to display the work directory. It displays the log files related to work process. ‘TOL and STos Used to trace the following 1. RFC Trace 2. Buffer Trace ‘Available in STOL and STOS 3. Enqueue Trace 4. SQLTrace 5, Authorization Trace Only in sto 6. Kernel Trace 1 When the RFC/ CPIC time are going beyond threshold value then switch on RFC Trace. 2. When more buffer swaps occurs in the table buffering STO2. Switch on Buffer Trace3. Enqueue Trace: When the enque or enque wait time is increasing by 5 M.Sec on Ci{Central Instance) 100 M.Sec on Dialogue instance (Consider switching enqueue trace) ‘4. When there are too many expensive SQL Statements which are increasing the database response time in $T04 then switch on SQL Trace. (Identify those statements in STO4) Eg, Select * from can be fine tuned by using select single * from with appropriate where conditions. ‘S104 > Detailed > Oracle Session > SQL Statements, 5. Authorization Check: Whenever user encounters missing authorizations and could not be traced in 'SUS3 can be traced out by switching the trace on User. 6, Kernel Trace: Used to identify the consistency of Kernel. It records all the calls that are made to kernel winen the trace is ON, Note: Do not switch on the traces when they are not required. It will populate enormous log files and ‘occupies the complete disk place and system stands still As a practice switch on the trace and inform the user to run the transaction, Switch Off the trace. RC=0 (Return Code) Note: Tuning is not testing we need enormous analysis and data to justify the conclusion. IMPLEMENTATION OF SAP Pre-Requisites Motivation of SAP for an ERP Software Landscape Deployment Plan Hardware Sizing Hardware and Software Order Installation of the Software Post Installation Steps User management Router ------ Remote connection to SAP Landscape Configuration ‘Transport Management Testing Strategy12, Go Live Strategy 13, Parallel Run 14, 15 1 MOTIVATION OF SAP FOR AN ERP 114. Customer wanted to deploy an application that suites to his requirements by replacing the existing software due to the following reasons 1 The existing Hardware is old and the response times are high. 2, The software is out of maintenance with no updates, or with no company (Company Bankrupt Merger etc) 3, The customer could not be competitive in the market due to the legacy methods deployed B1- C++ No ABAP, BASIS, NW 4, The existing software is not capable to communicate with other systems 5, The software is not user friendly to take the user inputs. 6.It cannot communicate with print, fax, sms, paging devices. 7, Too many legacy systems, too litle integration, manual inputs, monitoring are the various Issues with the current software Customer enquires in the market and calls for the Auditors to identity the software, hardware and the Implementer. Delloite, Bearing Point, KPBG, PWC (Price Water Coupons) are the auditors to identify the requirements in the company. They define the pain points of every business user owner and document them, Example: ~The software should be installed on all the operating systems and databases. - The GUI should be compatible, user friendly, ergonomically designed, colors, fonts, languages, password change. The software should be unicoded language to support all the languages ~The software should support (Online, Offine, incremental, patil, table level backup) The software/ Hardware should support mirroring, RAID, clustering, Disaster Recovery, Restore etc The software should support Mobile devices, Email, Fax, SMS, Pager, PDA et. Note: ATP Server - Available to Promise -----> Ware House, Issue Possible/ Not Possible/ Customizable/ If customizable Amount of effort. Description1a These requirements list will be floated as RFQ feasibility of software, SAP is Strong in Manufacturing, Weak in Retail) Tcode-SFWS(Switch Framework) ‘SA38 - GETSYSDEF These list wll be submitted to Oracle Apps, NAVISION, Hyperion, Peoplesoft, Seibel (CRM) implementing partners. Note: Toughly Coupled/ Hardly Co} {ites | —L Preparatory costs has to be borne by vendors TDMS - Test Data Migration Server as PRE PROD SAND DEV/ CUST/ GOLDEN UNITTESTING INTEGRATION PAYROLL/ TOMS, 8 TRAINING PRE PROD PROD. ~ Customer decides software with the help of feasibility reports and assistance from auditors. Customer calls for quotation to implement SAP This is the first official document released to implement SAP. = Support partners like IBM, TCS, WIPRO, MAHINDRA submits the proposal. They can also raise {questions in the form of RFI (Request for Information) CCApf\sapinst instdir\ERP\systerm\ORA\central\AS Ensure that there should not be any .bek files while reinstalling the SAP Refer: sapfans.com; sapconsultant.com; sapbasis.com ‘Auditor gather info from - Business partner owners - Software Vendors.RFQ - Request for Quotation (Released by customers) REL. - Request for information Itcan contain as follows 1. Module specific questions 2. Technical questions related to Hardware, Desktops, Routing, Access, VPN, Backup, Disaster, Recovery etc. 3. Risk and mitigation Incremental Cumulative L>2>3>4o5 1.52345 1. Project Implementation Methodology 2. Process 3. Company Strengths 4. Financial Background and Share Value 5. Past Projects and experience in that area 6. Average man power experience going to be deployed 7. Case studies and customer references 8. Implementation of solution manager (Provides Roadmap, Business Scenarios, Documentation (Upload, Download) etc. 9. Certifications (CMMI - Capability Maturity Model, SIX SIGMA, Sap Partnership) 10, Challenges in the project, risks and mitigations 111. Assumptions Based on the above proposal customer and audit team shortlist the two or three software vendors {IBM, TCS, WIPRO etc) - Implementation Partners and call them for Interview (technical discussions) to exhibit their capabilities. Based on 4th and 7th vendor will be finalized to implement SAP Note: External Security Routing Switching Proxy Firewall Internal Security126 ‘Authenticating Authorized users is Internal Security. Project Costing 1L Number of hours required/ No of Man days/ No of Man Months 2.Cost of the Manhours/ Man Days/ Man Months Offshore 20-308 160-2408 Onsite 60-100$ 10008200008 3. Project can be a fixed bid let us say 2,00,000 (Le. @ Millon Dollats for completion all inclusive (Fares, accommodation, staff, Replacement, Holidays, vacations, sick etc). Payment will be released in Parts Preparation - 20%, Go-Live - 30%, Project Start 10%, Blue print - 20% Realization - 20%, Final 4, Lot us say the Project Manager is SAP. We need to provide manpower to SAP to implement @ customer site. Eg. SAP Project bidder is SAP for 28 Crores in Singareni Collories.. They out sourced to Seal Infotech for training and implementation, 5. Citical Tasks are based on Man days/ Man Hours Example : Disaster Recovery 1. Fixed Bid 2,Time and Material (T&M) 3, Resource Based 4, Activity Based (Try to include Wait time) The scope of work needs to be defined properly before sign-on. If SOW is not defined properly, its, vendor responsibilty Risks and mitigations has to be clearly stated in the SOW. Delay in Software, Hardware requirements from customers are to be documented, 1 LANDSCAPE DEPLOYMENT PLAN 1 RFQ and Fl (Customer and Vendor) 2. REP (Customer and Vendor) 3. SOW and Project Award (Customer and Vendor) 4. Landscape Deployment... Basis Consultant) Landscape Deployment Plan:lr I consists of the number of systems that are going to be deployed in the customer data center. It may serve the customer as an overview of the SAP systems, But exact number of systems will be known only after the Hardware sizing 1 €PU/2 Parallel Process By default 3 Parallel Process. = ERP ° Bt x BP x ML, HARDWARE SIZING Itis an exercise carried out by Basis consultant with the help of the customer business process ‘owners, Project Manager and Hardware vendors (IBM, HP, SUN, DELL). Its used to determine the CPU's, Storage (Hard disks) and Memory. ‘SAP Provides quick sizing toll (httpy/service sap.com/sizing) Goto> Sizing tool > Click on Quick sizer twill be opened on new window Provide customer number, Provide Project name and create a Project for sizing 1 Provide Customer details to SAP (Name of the contact, Email Id, FA 2. Platform and communications 3.05, DB, Mirroring, RAID, CLUSTERING Standby server or do you need any suggestions. Note: Legacy database size (get the details from customer what amount of data they are planning to ‘migrate into SAP, Example Customer Database size is 400GB but they want to migrate 250G8 into SAP (Customer, Vendor, Supplier, Material, Address, FI Transactions) High Availability options (Time of Availability) These are the general details that are required for sizing Load On the System: Users work on the system on various modules MM - Logistics SD SalesLs FL Financial 40% More to the sizing result, SAP's - SAP Application Benchmark for Performance Standards) Itis calculated in terms of Hardware vendors provide CPU in terms of the CPU's Eg. IBM P Series generates 800 SAP’s/ CPU. Note IBM - DB2 [AIX O/s - DB2 Database);I Series VSR4 - DBZ] ‘SAP - MAXDB. Oracle SQL Server - Microsoft P Series, X Series (I Series VSRA) is the O/s Clustering (Mechanism : PING PONG) DDO2L - ALL Sap tables will be stored 65,611 ‘SQL>Select bname, mandt from SAPSR3.USRO2; SAPSR3. Database schema owner SAPSR3DB. JAVA Sizing is performed by quick sizer which is proprietary by quick sizer which is proprietary tool of SAP. Sizing is based on the following, 1 High Availability 2. Type of Users 3. Modules used 1 High Availabilty 1. RAIDI - Mirroring (1:1) on disk goes down other should take ever. 2, RAIDS - (5 Disks---- Util-4; 1 Spare/ Parity)Ly ee) )* se [a 500 Grose ‘amo Net 100 Panty 3. SAN - Storage Area Network 4. Backup - SAN. 5. If disaster occurs ------ Setup DR Server in a different geographical location 6.1f the connectivity fails... uy more leased lines from different vendors If the existing server collapses -- due to power cable --- multicables -- UPS -- etc ~~ Generator Network Cable --- More than one cable (CPU's -- Multiple CPUS Memory - Hosted on Multiple slots DISK - RAID and SAN 8.1f the complete system collapses due to hardware failure use clustering —- Two Parallel systems (Used for failover or Load balancing) Eg, IBM P-Series Unless unlocked by IBM we cannot make use of the additional Hard Disks Note: For Upgrade - Sizing Capacity - Sizing Module Selection: Select the modules that are going to be implemented like Logistics, Financials, Product lfe cycle Management (Currently HR is not going to be implemented but there is a plan to implement in future, If it before three years consider HR in sizing if not.1.User __- 480 Dialogue Steps with the system ~ 40 HRS * 60 Mins Dialogue Step - 40°60/480 Min = 300 Sec 2. 480 - 4800 Dialogue Steps - 40 Hrs - 30 Sec 3,480 - 14400 - 40 Hrs - 10 Sees Eg, Purchase Order / Week - 200 * 10 Dialogue Steps = 2000, Service Desk > -LINeed to activate some services 2 SICF 3, Execute 4, Default Host ~ SAP ~ Public ~bsp ~ SAP = htmilb RT Click > Activate Service Note: This should be done as Post Installation Steps ‘SPRO > SAP Solution Manager > General Configuration ‘Activating BC Sets (BC- Business Configuration) Teode: scpr20 > From End user system If any one stuck @ point executing a command SMS9 > Help > Create Mssq ‘Component &C-MID-RFC Test Low Test ~~ TKT No: 008000000001 0 The Strategy is to migrate/ upgrade the hardware for every three years. The sizing is based on. 1 High AvailabiltyBL 2. Modules and 3. No of users Along with legacy database and future growth of users User low Medium High Ft 50 250 250 co 50 250 250 The sizing is also called as T-Shirt sizing which determines your servers as (S, XS, M, L XL, XXL) Sizing ‘output determines the memory, storage and CPU in terms of Saps' SAPS is ( SAP APPLICATION BENCHMARK FOR PERFORMANCE STANDARDS) ‘SAPS are calculated based on Sales module, SAP assumes that a sales order/ Purchase order ‘consumes around 8-12 Dialogue steps, For every 2000 sales documents that are generated per hour requires 100 SAPS. CPU cannot be arrived directly because the process speed depends upon the hardware vendor. (The hardware vendor determines the CPU Size based on SAPS example an ISeries machine single CPU generates 800 SAPS. Ifthe sizing output requires 3200 SAPS then we need 4 CPU's. The Hardware resources are required for the following which needs to be considered while sizing Los 2. Database 3. Interfaces (Like Fax, Email, SMS, Pager etc) 4. Printers 5. Third party communication (Batch processing etc) So we can consider adding 30-50% to the sizing results, 1V. HARDWARE ORDER 1. Customer calls the RFQ from various vendors to supply hardware. ~ Based on companies stability, consistency, reliability, past experience, case studies, price and support (warranty), Hardware vendors take 3 weeks to 4 weeks to deliver based on the availability of the hardware. HP ships from Singapore, Philippines and Malaysia IBM ships from US \V. ORDERING SAP SOFTWARE2, ISUSER (INDIAN SAP USER FORUM) [ASUSER(AMERICAN SAP USER FORUM) ‘Communicate with SAP vendor (Channel Partners) and purchase the license. License is a single user based. ie. If we buy one license we can access. ERP, SRM, Bl, Pl, EP, Solution Manager, Ml etc) ‘SCM, SRM CRM are charged Separately Ife buy MYSAP business suite then all comes under one license. * There is no lock for licensed users in the system. We can buy 100 Users and used for 10,000 Users * Every year we need to run USMM and send the report to SAP, License Cost varies based on Geographical Location MySAPFI- Oracle Apps MySAPSCM. - Peoplesoft MySAPCRM - Sieble Each license cost 2000 USD Each Developer Cost 4000 USD After negotiation in Indian Market the Single user cost comes to 40,000 to 1,00,000 depending upon ‘number of users For 40,000 we should have atleast 150-200 Users for 10+1 cost 18 Lakhs. Note: Heap Memory _- Part of the Physical Memory (RAM Memory) Physical Memory - RAM Virtual Memory - Part of the Memory from the Hard disk Buffer Bin Points to the target system BIN contains default pf SAP_BC_ADMIn S Transports CTS_Admin Disp+exe ( PING, Etc Entry, Any Kernel upgrade has been done (DEV_DISP og)BASIS ~ It provides runtime environment for SAP Applications. = 2.0 is based on two tier which is built on Mainframes, = 3.0 onwards and upto 3.11 tis based on three tier and web services are provided by using ITS - 40; 45A, 458 4.6.8, Cand D iskernel versions (Mining, Textile, Chemical, Oil, Utilities, Real Estates, baking, Insurance... etc) ‘SAP determined to bring all the components on to a common platform and introduced SAP Web Application Server (WAS) The frst version of WAS is 620 (A direct jump from 46D) (On 620... ERP Version is 4.76 (On 620 BW version is 3.1 ‘Owner of the Database ~ SAPSR3....... Upto BASIS 46C 460 is the Kernel Version. = SAP ... from WEBAS 620 to 640 It provides built in ITS to make application server as WEB Application Server, ~ SAPSR3 from WEBAS 700 Itis a Netweaver (640.... 700......710) Next Level of WAS is 640 ERP - ECC 5.0 BW-35 SCM -40 cRM-40 20, 30, 3.1 are BW Versions 20, 30, APO are SCM Versions 2.0, 30, SRM are SRM Versions xI-3.0 EP-60Next level of WAS is 700 FRE -ECC6O Bw 8170 ep -€P7.0 xt - PIT SRM -5.0 CRM -50 Install ABAP(CI, DBD, JAVA add on. Install Central System Installation (Select Usage type during Installation) /3 Setup is used to install SAP upto Versions Basis 46C SAPINST introduced in WEB Application Server 620-640, Interactive SAPINST is to modify the inputs ‘move front and back to review the inputs introduced in WAS700, BASIS only Non-Unicode From SAPWEBAS 640 unicode is introduced. Run directory is used to host executables of kernel upto 640 where as OS version (NTI386, AMD64, JA64) with UC/ NUC is available in version 700. ‘OLD: The database table spaces are 27 which ends with D(Data) and Index). SAPR3] owner. From 620 The database contains only 6 tablespaces(Physical Location) in 640 owner is SAP PSAP«SID> PSAPUSR PSAP REL SYSTEM PSAPROLL(PSAPUNDO) PSAPTEMP: SQL> Select tablespace_name from dba tablespaces. The database contains only 8 tablespaces in 700. Owner is SAPSR3 for ABAP engine and SAPSR3DB is for JAVA Engine SYSTEM Database Related PSAPUNDO For Roll Back SYSAUX From Oracle Log for AdministrationPSAPTEMP Temp Storage Memory PSAPSR3__ - Component Specific PSAPSR3700 - Version Specific PSAPSRGUSR - USER RELATED Info PSAPSRIDB “JAVA Specific DB GUI Versions 46C 46D 620 640. 700 no Based on Windows and JAVA SQL> select userame from DBA_USERS, Database Users (DIC and SAP* are SAP Users resides in USRO2 Table) ‘SQL> select count(*) from DBA_USERS where owner = “SAPSR3'; 17476 ‘SQL> select count(") from SAPSR3.DD02L; 65611 ‘SQL> select count(") , owner from DBA_USERS group by owner, Fg, [CDCLS] Cluster Table. The difference is because of -- 19 x.0« 65.0 Components: BASIS BASIS+ERP. DATABASE It is a storage. It is used to store the data in the hard dis.136 We can also store the data in terms of filesystem like test.txt, test pdf, test.doc, testitf, testxls, test opt, test pps Disadvantage of the file system 1. The data is not in the organized format. 2. There are no indexes to search the data, 3. The data does not follow the LUW concept and so it is not consistent and reliable. 4, The version management wil be difficult and time consuming to get the requiredy/ identify the fie. 5. The backup management and reorganization is not available These are the reasons for the evolution of DB, Database: Used to store the data in the organized format and it has to follow ROBMS rules (Relational Database Management System) ~ Data is stored in terms of tables (Tables contain rows and columns), Columns are headers and rows. are the data Duplication of data is avoided and uniqueness is obtained by using primary and secondary keys. ~ Data search is faster by using indexes (based on Keys) Eg: As in windows we can create as many folders and subfolders with the same name and the search criteria depends on the search string. CAshawn\shawn\shawn.. Database has its own structure to manage the data using the database specific binaries and libraries Oracle/bin, mssql/bin; db2/bin; raced; mssql/ib; db2/ib; = Database provides tools for backup management, reorganization, restore and recovery ~ Databases follow RDBMS rules to achieve consistency, reliability and transaction LUW. LUW - LOGIC UNIT OF WORK. It consists of one or more transactions that are bundled together which can be committed as a group Cr rollback without any data loss.La? RFQ\Approved) - Sales Order Purchase Req - FI Dept (Approval) - Purchase Order - Tenders (Contractors) {Eg Purchase Order, Sales Order, Invoice, GR(Goods Receipt), GI (Goods Issued) AP (Account Payables), AR (Account Receivables) ~ Data is normalized and denormalised according to the requirements of the customer. NORMALIZATION Process of spliting up the larger tables into smaller tables using primary keys and secondary keys. ERP(ECCE), SRM. Databases are normalized, DENORMALIZATION Process of grouping smaller tables into larger tables for having data comprehensively available for analysis and reporting BIW. [SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, MODIFY, DELETE] Scenario User requests for weekly status report. 1 User submits the request. 2. Request is handled by dispatcher 3. Keeps the request in Queue 4. Based on the available processes requests are served based on FIFO. 5. R/3 Work process handles the user request by interpreting the screen elements, program logic AInsert, Modify, Delete, Update) 6. The response is fetched from buffers ifthey are accessed earlier 7.If the request is not accessed earlier, the request is converted into Native SQL statements of the respective database. 8. R/3 Work process communicates with database process to get the response. 9, Database work process checks whether the table exists, if table exists then checks for the fields, if the field and table exists, then asks for the optimized path to go to the database table and identify the relevant rows based on keys/ Indexes (Five 5 Seconday Indexes) 10, The data is fetched into Database buffers before the response is sent to R/3 work process, 11. R/3 Work process keeps a copy in the R/3 Buffer and response is sent to user.bs UPDATE COMMAND: 1L User request for updating purchase order/ quotation / Invoice 2. The request is received by the dispatcher 3. Dispatcher keeps the request in queue based on FIFO ‘4. R/3 Work process handles the request and update the document into temporary tables (cannot update the permanent tables because all the LUW's in the transaction has to be completed) 5. In the process of updating it will communicate with enqueue and obtain the lack on the document so that no other user updates i. 6 The update request goes to the database 7. Database process handles the request and checks whether table, table definitions and execution (Cost based optimizer) path are valid 8. All the update requests goes to the database and lock the record in the database so that no user update it. 9. Database process keeps a copy of the record in roll back segment PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO table space to roll back in case of CRASH/ System Failure. 10, Gets the record to database buffer for modification (No record is modified in the database directly) 11 As the database butlers need to be accessed by user modifications are not performed in DB Buffers instead in log bute. Eg. Consider pan shop Customer - Cigarette Paper - Accounts book Log buffers are a small area around IMb - 4 Mb. As the log buffer is small the content is moved in to Redo logs periodically. Redo logs are duplexed (Mirror logs and Orig Logs) and ensure that the data is updated in the database. 12. The committed data is updated into database 13, The locks are released and rollback gets invalidated Note: Committed data can be updated or Redo, 14, User gets the response that the record is updated, ORACLE Oracle is a database that is used by 2/31d of SAP Customers. In order to support SAP Customers itis mandatory to know the database management. Oracle is provided by Oracle Corporation which owns (PeopleSoft, Seibel, JDEdwards, and other small software's to compete with SAP.bo Oracle is a proven, well spoken among customers, strong, reliable, consistent, robust database to handle any amount of data in Terra bytes. Microsoft SQL Server from Microsoft, 082 from IBM and SAPDB(MAXD) from SAP shares the remaining 1/3rd of SAP Customers. Versions (Oracle has versions of database ‘SAP License is costlier on Oracle than any other combinations. SAP R/3 A6C B17 3 AT and ECC5.0 9.2.0.2; 9.2.0.4; 9.2.0.6; 9.2.0.7 ECCE.O 10.20.2.0; 10.2024 Linux - SAPDB (MAXDB) is the cheapest combination,DATABASE ARCHITECHTURE Cohan Fei I DEBE] | pop butee Conte of cl SQLCache Take w 5 g rjc Jo |t Ja mle [a |e |x i ole jw jw |é nr JR [Rk | R 6 é E 5 COREDATABASE me Home sapial Ong Sapte AS sine | | ncniom0 32 pd Onlog® Sac Onenim 02.64 septs Mot Le Sep Gentes pated eriog® Cie k Sepdatas Sapbackp | | ‘Sapreorg wun | Fado Logika mh Dantas Fe Connection Mechanism (fer dev_l4) 1L.R/3 Work process loads all the DB Libraries 2. DB.Connect to connect to database using client version 3. Users OPS$ User to connect to database and get the passivord of the SAPSR3 User.la ‘OPS$ Mechanism It is a mechanism which is used by operating system users to connect to the database without any password, Al the work processes uses OPS$ADM to connect to the database without any password. (OPS$ADM is the user who owns the table SAPUSER and contains the SCHEMA OWNER SAPSR3 user and password, sqv Select table_name from dba_ tables where oviner = ‘OPSSWILLSYS9B\NWOADM’ Wp ------> SAPUSER (Table) USERID | PWD. (OPS$-User | XXX Relogin with the above user and password Disconnect from the DB and reconnect using SAPSR3 userid and password to get complete access ‘SAPSR3 is the Schema/ D8 Owner for SAP Database. As the processes are able to access the complete database related to schema owner, SAP restricts the access by using internal security. USER Request Flow/ Display 1 User uses SAP GUI to perform a transaction, 2. User request is handled by the dispatcher. 3. Dispatcher keeps the request in Queue 4. Based on available resources a process is allocated to user requests based on FIFO. 5. WP task handler interpret the user request. 6. Check the content is available in R/3 buffers. 7. Communicate with Oracle Client to communicate with DB in native language. 8 R/3 Work process handovers the task to database shadow process (1:1 Ratio between R3WP: BWP) 9. DB Shadow process checks the task contains valid table and field definitions. IF the table/ Field definition does not exists gets a copy from the database and update the DB Cache/ LIB Cache. 10, DB Shadow checks if any SQL Execution plan exists. If not it builds the plan based on cost based ‘optimizer and update SQL Cache. 11, DB Shadow checks if the requested content exist in DB Buffer if not fetch the content from database and updates DB Buffer. 12, The response is handover to R/3 Work Process. 13. R/3 Work process checks if itis eligible for buffering then keeps a copy in R/3 buffers.1a, 14, Response is sent to the user. Refer initSID>.0ra file ‘SYSTEM GLOBAL AREA is the sum of Shared pool, 08 buffers and log buffers SHARED POOL Itis defined by shared_pool size which is a part of SGA (System Global Area) It contains DBCACHE and LIBCACHE and they are nothing but parsed SQL Statements, ‘Authorizations, Table and Field definitions and packages Each query/ request should pass through this area, DB BUFFER - Used to store the content that is accessed from the database. It is used to reduce the hits on the database there by reducing the load on the database. Its quality is measured by database buffer hit ratio. In general for an optimized database the ratio should be not less than 94%, From STO4 - [Logical Reads - Physical Reads/ Logical Reads] * 100, ile, Out of 100 request 6 requests goes to the database, DB Buffer is used to store the data until its size is full (or) the content gets invalidated by a change or least recently used. It is defined by a parameter db. block buffers. ‘SQL> select name, bytes/1024/1034 "MB" from VSsgastat where pool.. Its size is defined by multiplying by 8kb because each block size i 8 kb, SQL> show SGA LOG BUFFER: Its used to perform the data manipulations by database work process. Every request that needs modificatiory update / delete has to be performed only in this area. It is defined by the parameter log buffer generally its size varies between 1MB to 4MB, It should not be too big or too small ‘SYSTEM/ SHARED GLOBAL AREA: Its a memory area which resides purely on memory and it is lost ‘when the system is stopped. SGA is lost the complete cache information is lost. It takes time to build SGA when system is started that is why the system is slow ofter a restart ORACLE PR 1 Shadow Processlas 2. Background Process/ Server Process ‘SHADOW PROCESS ‘These are used to handle the user requests. They perform the task assigned by an R/3 WP. They called as shadow processes because they perform the task non-interactively. These are also. called as User processes (In Oracle Terms) ‘The process are established at the rate of 1:1 during the startup of SAP system. BACKGROUND/ SERVER PROCESS ‘These are non-interactive to R/3 Processes, These are initiated by system based fon requirement. LOG WRITER ‘Mechanism 2) R/3 work process submits the request for an update b) Shadow process handles the update by locking in the database 6) It takes a backup of PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO to roll back to the original state if the update is cancelled or abrupt d) The record is fetched into DB Buffer for allowing selection. ©) A copy of the record is taken to log buffer for modification 4) the data/ record is modified in log buffer. This cannot be kept for long in the log buffer as the log buffer size is small LOGWRITE (LGWR) is used to write the committed data into Redo log files (Criglog A, Origlog 8, Mirrorlog A, 8) from log buter. This is the first place where a record is written to the disk to ensure that committed changes are not lost. To ensure the disk consistency log writer writes into Origredolog and Mirrorredolog files (Both resides on two different physical disks) When the data is committed System Change Number is generated to ensure the faster commit ‘mechanism, Log writer writes the commit into Redo log files but when the size of Redo log file is full size SOMB. It will perform Log Switch. Log swircH Itis a process of switching between RedologA to RedologB and Mirror Logs A to B ice, when RedologA is full itis closed for writing and RedologB is opened for writingThere will be only one process The log writer process writes data from the redo log buffers to the redo log files on the disk, The writer is activated under the following conditions 1. When a transaction is committed 2. Every 3 Seconds 3. When the redo log buffer is 1/3rd full or 1MB of committed. 4, When DBWR signals the writing of redo records to disk The log writer must always be running for an instance. (Note: If the buffer size is more no updates will happen. The DB WP waits till the buffer total memory gets utilized and then updates the DB) ‘SYSTEM/ SHARED GLOBAL AREA It is a memory area which resides purely on memory and itis lost when the system is stopped. i.e. SGA is lost the complete cache information is lost. It takes time to build SGA when system is started that is why the system is slow after a restart, ‘ORACLE PROCESSES 1 Shadow Processes 2. Background Server Process Shadow Processes These are used to handle the user requests. They perform the task assigned by an RY/3 WP. They are called as Shadow Processes because they perform the task non-interactively. These are called 1a User Processes (in Oracle Terms). Background or Server Processes These are non-interactive to R/3 Processes. These are initiated by system based on the requirement. 1, LOG WRITERMechanism 1. R/3 Work process cubmits request for an update 2. Shadow process handles the update by locking in the database 3. It takes a backup of PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO to roll back to the original ifthe update is cancelled or abrupt 4. The record is fetched into OB Buffer for allowing selection. 5. A copy of the record is taken to log buffer for modification 6. The data/ record is modified in Log Buffer This cannot be kept for long in the log buffer as the log buffer size is small * Log Writer is used to write the committed data into Redolag files (OriglogA, OriglogB, Mirrorloga, 8) from log buffer. This is the first place where a record is written to the disk to ensure that committed changes are not lost. To ensure the disk consistency log writer writes into Origredolog and Mirrorredolog files (Both resides on two different physical disks) ‘When the data is committed SYS Change number is generated to ensure the faster commit ‘mechanism log writer (LGWR) writes the commits in to Redolog files but when the Redolog fle is full size SOMB. It wil perform log switch, Loc switcH Itis process of switching between Redolog A to Redolog B and Mirror Logs A and B ie, When Redolog A is full itis closed for writing and Redolog B is opened for writing There will be only one process The Log writer process writes data from the redolog buffers to the redolog files on the disk The Writer is activated under the following conditions 1 When a transaction is committed 2. Every 3 Seconds 3. When the redolog buffer is 1/3 full or 1MB of committed 4. When DBWR signals the writing of redo records to disk The log writer must always be running for an instance.146, The Content of OriglogA, Origlog8, MirrorlogA, Mirrorlog8 ..(Redolog files) gets fled and need to move to other location. If its not moved. 1 Redolog files gets filed and does not have space to write the content from log buffer When log buffer cannot write the content then log buffer gets filled and subsequently the update ‘mechanism gets halted. so, the redo lag files needs to write to an alternative location immediately once they get filled. Shared DB Butter Log, Pool Area, Bufier 6 3 F F FF FF & ‘ ae) When Redologs are full ARCH Process During the log switch OriglogA gets filled for writing and Origloge is opened for writing, The contents of OriglogA will be written to ORAARCH directory (Provided archieve log_mode is set to true). The contents are written by ARCH from RedologA to ORAARCH and RedologA is ready to be written by LOGWR. Similarly RedologB DBWR (Database Writer) The content that needs to be updated is fetched into DB Buffer for selection. A copy is made to LOG Butfer for updation. Once the content is updated in Log Buffer it marks the content in Database Butter as Dirty buffers and not eligible for selection. BWR is triggered in the following circumstances. [ORACLE RAM] = SGA 1 When the request comes to access the dirty buffer content. 2. When ever a check point occurs (it writes based on syste» change number SCN) Note: Every select statement hits the database and brings the data to D8 Buffers. All the updates will bbe done from Logbuffers. SQL> select sequence # from VEARCHIVED LOG; CKPT - Check Pointur Itis used to ensure that system is consistent. download. oracle.com/docs/ed/310501_01/server.920/296524/CO9procs.htm#21919 It updates the headers of all datafiles to record the details of the checkpoint. It triggers DBWR/ LGWR SMON SYSTEM MONITOR Used to ensure the Oracle database is consistent and reliable. In case of system crash abnormal termination SMON reads the online redologs and redo the changes to database and also reads the PSAPUNDO to roll back the changes. The system monitor process {SMON) performs recovery, if necessary at instance startup. It triggers during the system startup and censure that system is started. PMON PROCESS MONITOR Used to monitor the process recovery when a user process (Shadow process) fails. PMON is responsible for cleaning up the database buffer cache and freeing resources that the user process is using and release the locks. PMON periodically checks the status of dispatcher and server processes and restarts any that have stopped Used to monitor the process (PMON) Used to start the processes if they are stopped ~ Release locks Freeing the resources that were used by user processes, PHYSICAL FILE SYSTEM 1. Datafiles : These files are with extension (dbf). These are used to store the data in the Oracle specific RDBMS format, 2. Control Files: These are used to display the structure of the database into Six different locations. It is the most important file (Cntel.DBF) The location is specified by a parameter control file. Do ‘not modify the control fie manually the system modifies by itself when ever there are any changes. 3. Initialization Files: init ora is used to provide the startup parameters for Oracle,Las, init.sap us used to provide the database backup/ restore (brbackup, brarchive, brconnect, brrestore) control parameters. Init.dba is used to provide authorization to SAPDBA/ BRTOOLS. These are located in Oracle_home/ database(windows) DBS on UNIX. 4. Network/ Admin Ustener.ora - Provide Port and the Host Name. Tnsnamesora - -—_—Provide port and the host name Sqinetiora - Special Parameterization files (SPFILE) All the changes that are made requires a reboot of Oracle database. In order to change certain parameters SPFILE is maintained We need to explicitly create SP ile this SP File cannot be edited manually EAORACLE\QAS\O2\ADMIN Oracle Startup When Oracle is started the database available for users. Commands Startup open Startup mount Startup no mount. Oracle contains 3 Modes (4 Including Restrict) 1. Startup Nomount : This phase is used to create control files and database, No datafiles are mounted, 2, Startup Mount: We can start a DB and mount a database without opening it, allowing us to perform specific maintenance operation 2) Change the archive lag mode status 3. Startup Restrict19) 2) Perform an export or import of database data, bb Perform a data load (With SQL * Loader) ©) Temporarily prevent typical users from using data 4) During certain migration and upgrade operations ©) Used during patch applications the database is opened but not allowed ie. restricted to the above operations. End uses cannot perform any tasks, 4, Startup Open: When DB is started using startup cmd. It reads the init parameters in the following sequence 1) SPFILE ORA 2) SPFILEORA 3) INIT ORA 4)INITORA Oracle Shutdown 1. Shutdown Immediate Shutdown Modes 1. Shutdown Abort The database is forcibly shuts down and may not be consistent and requires recovery during startup. ‘SMON ensures that the database is consistent (REDO/ UNDO) All the users who are working on the system gets terminated abruptly and the intermediate data is lost. (Which is committed) Not Consistent. 2. Shutdown Immediate The database is shutdown immediately but al the committed transaction are updated in the database and opened transactions are rolled back. No new connections are allowed Consistent. 3. Shutdown Transactional. The database does not allow any new connections, all the committed data is updated130 In the database and opened transactions are only allowed to complete, no new transactions are allowed. Consistent 4, Shutdown Normal Itallows the users to complete all the transactions and shut down the database. No new connections are allowed but time consuming to stop the database STORAGE The database uses file system but organized in the ROBMS concept. The data is stored in terms of Database block size in terms of Datablocks. Each block size is BKB(8192 Bytes) Block size is determined by parameter OB BLOCK SIZE (refer inti.ora) The two parameters DB_NAME and DB BLOCK SIZE should never be modified. Data files are physical files on the file system where data is stored in Datablocks EXTENTS: These are used to allocate space to a table/ segment to control the growth 1 intial Extents 2. Minimum Extents 3. Next Extents 4. Max Extents Segment means (table or Index) Group the blocks to Extent a tilizing the fragmented space Eg: Req 150 Next Max Given 200 50 500 These table/ Indexes are grouped logically into a tablespace/ Container| Segments are nothing but Tables! Indexes Tablespace is a logical entity which contains related tables/indexes. Oracle provides default tablespace "SYSTEM to manage the databas tablespaces that starts with naming convention PSAP. ‘SAP provides the other 1. PSAP PSAPDEV 2. PSAPRELEASE PSAPDEV640/ 700 3. PSAPUSR PSAPDEVUSR 4. PSAPTEMP Temporary Table Space 5.PSAPROLL/PSAPUNDO —_UNDO Table Space 6. SYSAUX SYSAUX is a new tablespace available from version 10g. Tablespace is pointed to physical datafles. Each Tablespace can have one or more datafies to store the table data/ Index data Note: Each datafile is assigned to only one tablespace. Eg: Users are creating purchase orders extensively into the tables EKPO, EKKO and other child tables These tables are assigned to a tablespace PSAP. This tablespace is pointing to two datafiles of size 468 each, User encountered an error ORA-1653/ ORA-1654 tablespace over flown and the user could not update create any more PO's Dan] Da Bet | rica || rover op The user could not update the data because the datafiles are filed (or) there isno enough space to allocate for extents ResolutionUse BRTOOLS (Backup Recovery Tool) to resize the datafile (or) add a datafile. (Alternatively we can add using SQL Command) squ> Alter tablespace (Tablespace Name/ PSAP) add datafile location and size; EXTENT MANAGEMENT When a table or Index is created they are assigned with Min Extent, Init, Next, Max along with the Percentage of Increase. CAP is Max. DMTS - Dictionary Managed Tablespaces When ever a table is growing it increase it extents ie, it uses next extents, The free space in the existing extents is not used there by Fragmentation. It requires database Reorganization. Users encounters an error ORA-1631 and ORA-1632 Max Extents Reached, but there isa tablespace, Use BRTOOLS or SE14 to increase the Extents. Locally Managed Table Spaces Default table spaces from 10g which manage the extents locally instead of dictionary management. It collase the space that is left in all the extents before allocating an extent. It reduces the fragmentation there by reorganization is not required. SAP recommends to migrate all the dictionary ‘managed tablespaces to locally managed before 10g upgrade (Oracle). Similarly PSAPROLL should be migrated to PSAPUNDO before upgrade. SQL> select * from dba tablespace; Select * from dba_users; Select * from dba.tables where table.name like dba%; SAP Tables are stored in DDOZL Users are used to login to the database with various privileges. Select * from dba_users; Select username from dba_users,133 ops$willsys99\saservicesr3 opsSwillsys99\saservice opsSwillsys99\adm, sys - The complete or absolute owner of oracle database server to perform the activities, system ‘Administrative user but cannot be used to create modify the DB SAPSR3 Perform backup, recovery, restore etc, SAPSR3DB DATABASE MONITORING ‘As a part of the routine SAP basis checks the following database tasks can also included. Note: Oracle writes all startup logs into alrt.Jog which resides in SAPTRACE directory. Iti the only log which can gives us the complete history of database activities. 1 Monitor the size of the database to have a detailed capacity planning, Login to SAP system and log the database growth on daily basis. For Eg. Size in GB 102 3 4 S$ 6 7 8 8 0 200 210 220 230 230 230 250 280 300 350 Conclusion The database is growing at an average of 15GB per/ day. Have a storage of 1 TB = 1024 GB At the current growth rate of the database can use the storage up to 30 days approximately, We need to check the abnormal growth of the database. Inform the inventory department to order more disks if there is really a DB growth, Ifwe consider 2 Months duration the graph willbe like thisIst 1024GB Bottle Neck, ay 60 Daye DBO? is used to monitor the disk space, critical objects based on Table spaces. ‘Tables and Indexes Monitor SQL> Select tablespace_name, block size from dba tablespace, system 8192 ‘SQL> select tablespace name, segment. space. management from dba tablespace; Segment is nothing but a table or index. BRTOOLS BACKUP RESTORE RECOVERY TOOL These tools are provided by SAP for Oracle Database. ~ Login as SIDADM on windows or ORASID on UNIX ‘command BRTOOLS Type option 2 for Space management, Option 7 for additional space function, Option 1 show tablespaces Continue 3 times to display the list of table spaces and their growth B13 - Tablespace Particular (DBA Planning Calendar) B12 - Overview for a Database Identity the tablespaces which are grown more than 90% and add datafile. Enter choice - 1 For which tablespace we need to increase the size of datafile) PSAPSR3700 - Press Enter E\oracle\SID\sapdata3\sr3700 16135 Inthis path 16 datafiles are there if we increase the tablespace size one more data file is created called s°3700.17 SQL> select tablespace_name, blocksize from dba tablespaces; ~ Add the datafile or resize datafile before its gets an error message "Tablespace overflow" (MISSING INDEXES Identity the missing indexes in DBO2 (which will reduce the performance without proper indexes) Goto DB02 > Diagnostics > \issing Tables and Index “Diagnostica: Wssing Tables and ones ice IE He) OW 2 Check the objects that are missing - For each table we can create 1 Primary Index and 4 Secondary Indexes these are predefined because of the huge table growth indexes are missed. = Recreate them = SAP Provides all the indexes (Predefined one(Primary Index) + Four (Secondary Indes), we need to ccheck if there are any missing indexes and recreate them if required in 0802/SE = Objects which are missing are displayed in Red, select them and create in the database. 2. Select the database buffer hit ratio, transaction STO4 ~The buffer hit ratio should not be less than 94% - It is calculated based on reads Logical Reads : The number of reads that are made to Database buffer. Physical Reads: The number of reads that are made to Physical Database. Hit Ratio ((Logical Reads - Physical Reads)/ Logical Reads) * 100Physical reads are increasing conclude that the database hits are more. If the ratio is reduced we can conclude that DB.BLOCK BUFFERS size is not sufficient or there are frequent updates on the system, B13, We need to check 1. DB backup is performed successfully or not 2. DB Housekeeping Jobe are running successfully or not (DB Check, Update stats, clear old log files, adapt extents) 3. Archive directory is having space 4. Offline to Oraarch are scheduled periodically and running fine. SCHEDULE DB BACKUP IniteSID> sap. Open it Change the parameter values Backup_type = disk BRTOOLS These tools are used to manage or monitor the oracle database which are specifically provided by SAP. BRTOOLS reads the parameters from init sap It resides in Oracle Home\database (Windows) In UNIX DBS directory controls the runtime behavior of BRTOOLS BRTOOLS contains the following Options 1. BRCONNECT Itis used to connect to the database and performs various administrative tasks. BRCONNECT - f check... ti used to check the database and writes the logs into sapeheek directory. Check conditions are described in transaction B17 which in turn stores the details in DBMSGORA, Open Command Prompt > breonnect -F check> breonnect -u system -p -f check breonnect -f stats Used to run the database statistics. It identifies the tables whose statistics are outdated and updates them. We need to run the DB optimizer once a week. So that all the tables and Indexes where there are stored will be known to DB Optimizer. It is updated periodically (Weekly). Optimizer is used to collect the statistics for the tables whose statistics are outdated Running update statistics improves the performance of the system, (9. Friend comes to India from America after 5 years) Cleaning up OLD log files breonnect -f cleanup Its used to clean the old log files from saptrace and sapcheck directory breonnect -f next Itis used to adopt the next extents (ie. Next extents can be increased automatically) These jobs can be scheduled using DBCALENDER (DB13). How ever when these jobs are scheduled BRCONNECT runs in the background, BR-BACKUP BR Backup is used to take backup of the database (Datafiles). When ever a backup is triggered BR Backup is initialized, There are various types of backups 1 Offline Backup 2. Online Backup 3. Incremental Backup, 4, Partial Backup 1. Offline Backup (Cold Backup) The database is down during backup and no transaction is allowed as it ie down. It is consistent and reliable, Whole Offiine Backup: The backup taken fully and a catalog is opened to start the incremental backup,38 Eg: A database is of 2000 GB Which is not possible to take a daily full offine backup with a backup speed of 150G8/ Hour. Full Offline Backup: It is a complete database backup without any Catalog, Catalog (SUNDAY - The rest wll be taken) 2. Online Backup The DB is up and running with out effecting the user transactions. I is consistent and reliable with redo logs that are generating during backup. Whole Online Backup: The backup is taken fully and a catalog is opened to start the online incremental backup, Full Online Backup: tis complete database backup with out any catalogs Online Backup: It is consistent always with redo logs. 3. Incremental Backup It is initiated from level0 backup and used when the database size is too big. It can be online or offine 4. Partial Backup Itis taken for a specific table during a patch (Especially HR Patches) Backup type is defined by a parameter Backup_mode = all Backup_type = offline Backup_dev.type = Tape or Disk Backup_root dir = H\oracle\SID\sapbackup All the above backups are performed by using brbackup. BR ARCHIVE (iritSID sap)139 Itis used to backup the offline redolog file to tape or disk ie. from ORAARCH directory to tape or disk ‘Archive function = SAVE/ COPY/ DELETE Archive copy_dir HAOracle\NWO WDAOI.... NWDA30. Loo purer © loo writs ae Ss Disk TAPE Reads content from Log Buffer. Log writer writes to OriglogA and Origlog 8, Mirror Log A, Mirror Log 8. When Origlog Ais full itis moved to OrigLog & When OraArch is fll it s backed up to @ tape ar disk. = Active function means the saving mechanism ofog fle “Log witer loge int OrglogA Ogog8, Miror.ogh MirorLog “When onine redo. logs. are. ll thon” Ach. wites contents to Oraach ie (Gtine alogs) the content of arc refered as afine redo los StF Orarch i fl the ache gets stuck andthe complete update mechanism stuck and users “Se the Orarch content needs tobe maved to alternative location on hourly, b-houly for every 4 hours or daly Sepending upon the equenyofupstes, = While copying Oracle provides various means of log save because we don't want the corruption of logs.1m Po GRAARGH ea i oh The data wansfer from Oraarch to disk ic done by BRArchive. BRTOOLS It uses BRConnect, BRBackup, BRRestore, BRRecover with various options. We can do the following with BRTools. = Start and stop the database ~ Database backup Redolog Backup ~ Restore Database - from database backup ~ Recover Database from Redolog Backup Extend the tablespace by adding datafile or resizing datafile. Max datafile are 250 in SAP, Each datafile size is 1% of the Whole database (100-200) 2 GB 200-400 468. = Tablespace management (Create drop alter. mostly create and drop are not used) ~ Reorganisation (Create, Rebuild, Indexes Export and Import tables) ~ Database standard house keeping jobs (DBStatstics, cleanup logs, dlacheck, adapt next extents) - Display profiles, change schema password et. ‘SYSTEM COPY/ HOMOGENEOUS COPY/ HETEROGENEOUS COPY, DB REFRESH 1 System Copy/ Homogeneous Copy161 Itis used to setup a system similar to a PRD, QAS etc. ice. the system is completely build from OS, Database and R3 without changing OS or DB. 2. Heterogeneous Copy When ever there is @ change in OS or DB then its sad to be heterogeneous. 3. DB Refresh It is the process of refreshing the data of one system by another system data. (OS, DB, R3) remains the same but only database is refreshed. ‘THE REASONS FOR SYSTEM COPY Unicode Migration or Code Page Conversion 1 To setup a new system in the landscape (Only DEV and PRD exists, now we need to deploy QAS as ‘copy of PRD) 2.To change the hardware, 3. To move out from one OS to another or One DB to another OB which is called as OS/ DB Migration Which needs to be carried under the guidance of Certified consultant, 4. While applying patches, Kernel Upgrade to test the objects with Production data. 5. System Copy is performed using export and import of the database, STEPS for SYSTEM COPY 1L Source System 2. Use Installation Master DVD. Use Additional Tasks = System Copy = Source System ~ select database instance export ~ specify typical specify Profile directory eA\usr\sap\sid\sys\profile = specify the password if adm «Specify the export location for Import. Review the inputs and continue the import. DATABASE REFRESH162, Let us say there are three systems DEV, QAS and PRO existing in the landscape. The objects which are developed in DEV needs to be transported to QMS and PRD the objects behave differently in DEV, (QAS and PRD. Eg, A Small report which fetches monthly sales executes 1 Sec in DEV and in QAS where as in PRD itis consuming 30Min, PRO DB Size 11B 2B. The report is good in DEV and QAS but bad in PRD that ‘means quality checks are failed. ‘So we need to copy the PRD (DATA files) system to QAS system from time to time to get proper quality done, Similarly we need to apply patches, Kernel , add-ons in the landscape. We don't want any issues that crops up on the production system. So we will take a copy in QAS and apply before PRO, Process 1 PRE STEPS 2. DB REFRESH 3. POST STEPS Pre steps Pre Steps on the Target system. It is required to keep the dependencies of the target system to restore them later ie. after refresh Eg, After Refresh the target system QAS behaves like production System, Se we need to delete the source dependencies and restore the target dependencies, Users, RFC Connections, Batch Jobs, License, Printers, Roles etc. 1. Takea copy of them using transport requests, screen shots etc, 2. Generate the contral file from saurce system. Delete the entire SAPDATA files. 3, Restore the database from Tape or Disk. 4. Create Control file with new database structure of QAS 5. Make the BTC Processes to 0, so that no background job is triggered 6.Start the system and restore the target dependencies Pre-Steps for DB Refresh 1. Create the transport of copies by using SEO1 and specify the following objects/ tables USRO1, USRO2, RECDES and TBDLS ‘And then we need to release the Transport of Copies. ~ Copy the cofiles & datafiles in usr\sap\sic\trans163 = Take the screen shots of SMS9, BDS4, D813, SM37, ALLI(All the SAP Directories), WE20 (IDOCS), SMUG, RZ12 (RFC SERVER GROUPS), RZ70 (inorder to populate the backend system details to SLD), RZ04 (Operation Modes) SCC4, SPAM, 4, And then We need to delete all the datafiles related to QAS system. datal, data2 etc First we need to stop the ‘oracle services the structure should remain same. Directories lke sapdatal... sapdata.n, MirorlogA, B, OriglogA, B 5. First Activity After taking the backup of PRD server we need to generate control fie > Alter database backup controlfile to Trace It will generate the Chr File under usertrace directory. Copy the entrl file to quality system and rename it as with sq] extension, Ifitis offline backup the foldernarnes offline bafd online baafd BRTOOLS ERRORS 1 Tablespace over flow (ORA-1653, 1654) 2. Max Extents reached (ORA-1631, 1632) 3. Archive Stuck (ORA-255, ORA-272) 4. Datablack corruption (ORA-1578).. estore from old backup 5. Missing end backup while performing a backup 6. stats out dated - run breonnect-f stats 7. Oracle listener, Trsnames port issues 8, Oracle DLL Compatibility issues (Patch Oracle) 9. Intemational hardware errors ORA-600 (Refer to SAP and Oracle) 10, OPS$ issues related to authentication while logging 11. Connection issues between RY3 WP: Oracle Shadow with error ORA-12560, 12, Oracle is corrupted or Disk corrupted, External disk not available, datafile missing, Space issues. 13, Missing Indexes in DBO2 14. Database backup not successful due to space issues, tape issues 15, Control file missing - Recreate control file Note: All Oracle errors refer to Oracle/ SAP (ORA-XXXX) 16. Oracle shared memory not available issue with SGA 117. If buffer hit ration below 94% (Increase block buffer size)IMPLEMENTATION Installation of SAP System 1. Download the Installation Guide from the Market Place. www.service.sap.com/instguide 2.No of users/ Load on the system 3. Perform Sizing www.service.sap.com/sizing 4 Download the software www.service.sap.com/swdc 32 Bit means 186 emd> memsize/ memimit 5. Entry in ete\services. Ports Dispatcher Port 3200 to 3299, Message server Port 3600 to 3699 Gateway Port 3300 to 3399, Secured Dispatcher Port 4700 to 4798 Secured Gateway 4800 to 4899 6. Make sure that Installation Ports 21212, 21213 are not used 7. Kernel depends on O/S 32-64, Database, UC/ NUC Exports are 05/ DB Dependent 8. All the entries are stored in control.xml and installation progress is stored in keydb.xml If the installation is aborted/ cancelled then the above two files wil help us to start from the point where it stopped earlier 9. An installation directory sapinst die is created which host the log files of the installation Note: SMSY > System Landscape > Other object > create sap* : 06071992 dic : 19920706TADIR Stores all the repository objects Repository consists of your ABAP objects like programs, function modules. ABAP data dictionary consists of tables, domains etc Data dictionary is like a part of repository only. From SEAL these are database objects Database tables datatype Lock objects Searchhelp. Type group Domain. Note: Instance No 00: Port No: 3200 Database sap" : 06071992 ons Users dic: 19920706 RS ALPHA BETA GAMMA THETA t ERP scm cRM SRM McORD ‘Mui Components on one DB ORACLE Hostname WILLSYS 4D Hosts DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLIER VERSIONS OF SAP AND CURRENT NETWEAVER INSTALLATION166, 1. No Solman Key 2. Pre requisite checker 3. Passwords are default and OS/SB passwords need to be provided in the input screen 4. Central instance and database ate installed separately (Central system is introduced with combination of Cl and DBI) NTB86 —_- Intel Pentium 1A64 - Intel Itanium x64 ~AMD64 AIX 64- IBM 5. Kernel used to reside in RUN directory and in current versions in sys\exe\UC\NT\I386 6. No screen to review the inputs and change them if required, 7. No interactive / colorful screens 8. Up {0 4.6C F3setup is used to install SAP. sapinst is introduced from 4.7 version, 9. Tablespaces are 27 up to 4c from 4.7e onwards they are reduced to 6 Tablespaces. 10. SAPDBA is replaced by BRTOOLS in newer versions 11, MMC passwords are required to start SAP in newer versions cmd> startsap name=DEV nr=00 SAPDIAHOST=HOME os sIDADM SAPSERVICE ‘STO6 - gets for SAPOSCOLL service ‘Trans - EPS (Electronic Parcel Service) All the developments are hosted. PROFILE MANAGEMENT Usr\sap\SID\sys\profile There are three 3 profiles which are available by default 1L Default 2. start_DVEBMGSO0_ pf 3. _DVEBMGSO0_.pfl Installation Questions 1 Installation Pre-Requisites167 2. Installation Inputs 3. Difference between earlier and Current Versions 4, Installation Checks 5. Starting of SAP System, Installation Pre-Requisites 1. Download the Installation Guide www.service.sap.com/Instguide 2. Sizing 3. Download the Software from www.service.sap.com/swde 4: Install JAVA jasck 1.42.12 5, Set the Environment Variables JAVA HOME PATH 6. Set the Virtual Memory 7. Install ORACEL 10g 10.2.0.2 Execute OULexe (Oracle Universal Installer) (Install Database Software Only 8. Install Patch OuLexe Installation Inputs Sapinst.exe from InstMaster Folder ‘SAP Netweaver 2004s Support Release2 > SAP Systems > Oracle > Central System Administration Select () Typical Prompts to logoff to get some privileges Login as Administrator Select the Usage Types AS ABAP AS JAVA BIJAVA Oo EPCORE MI168, Pl Browse for Java Components Browse for JCE Policy VAVA Cryptographic Encryption) Prompts for SID and the Installation Drive [E Prompts for Master Password Prompts for DBSID and Database Host Prompts for Installation Exports path (Actual Content lies in Exports) Exports vaties from Component to Component Prompts for Kernel and Oracle Client paths System Landscape Directory () Configure Local SLD IF Local SLO then Object Server Name [Hostname] Parameter Summary If required change the MirrorLogA and OrigLogA, & to different directories Requires SOLMAN Key from Solman System [SMSY] Task Progress. Install SAPGUI (Setupall.exe) Installation Checks 1L Users: Two users are created ADM SAPSERVICE ADM js used to start the SAP system and Administration of SAP SAPSERVICE ic a service user used to run the services. Verify from My Comp> Manage > Users and Groups169) SAPOSCOL is an operating system collector ensure that sufficient resources are available to start SAP system, SAP_INSTANCENO used to start the SAP system, 2. Groups: Following groups are created to work on Oracle Database and R/3 Executables. ORA__DBA ORA__OPER SAP__GLOBALADMIN SAP_ LOCALADMIN SAP_LOCALADMIN 3. usr\sap\trans is created to host the transports It is a common transport directory where the changes of development are stored as transport requests, provides EPS\in for patching the system, 4, Kernel executables are extracted into usr\sap\SID\sys\exe directory Used to start and manage the runtime of the SAP System, 5. Profiles are created in ust\sap\SID\sys\profiles Which governs the startup parameters, runtime parameters of SAP System, 6. SAPDATAL is created with datafles saparch, oraarch, sapcheck, saptrace, sapreorg and edolog files (OriglogA, OriglogB, MirrorlogA, MirrorlogB) Database specific file system. 7. On Windows MMC{Gui based) is created to start and stop the SAP Syste To start and stop the SAP System 8. On UNIX startup scripts are created on ADM in Home Directory (startsap, stopsap) 9. Work directory is cteated in usr\sap\SID\DVEBMGSOO\work used to host the trace files(Logs) Which are generated during SAP system startup. 10. Oracle database uses (ORASID on UNIX other users like OPS$ Users, SAPSR3, SAPSR3D8) ORA is the owner of the database in UNIX110 ADM is the owner(Administrative Privileges) of the database in Windows Starting up of SAP System 1. On Windows use SAPMMC/ Startsap to start the SAP System 2. On UNIX login as ADM - Open Terminal - Startsap (Scripts) 3. When engine is started it reads the startup profile which is located in usr\sap\sid \sys\profile\start DVEBMGSO0_pfl Startup Profile consists of a) Starting the database using command strdbs.cmd this command starts the database and writes the log files to stderri.log which isin the work directory strdbs.emd - consists of a entry - Vestart-sql (From here we can find whether the database is up oF not) b) Starts the Message server using executable msg.server.exe and writes the log into work directory dev.ms.log if itis not started it writes the log into stdere.log ©) Starts the Dispatcher using executable disp+ work and write the log file into work\dev_disp and stderrlog Al the log files resides in Work Directory ‘4. When the process are started they read properties from Instance Profile SID_DVEBMGS00_HOSTNAME.pfl Such as number of work processes, memory, buffers etc and writes the logs into dev.w0, dev wl, dev 2... dev Wp. 11-Sep-09 192/ 172/10 Global IP Address (ARPANET) If we assign other than this the system are considered to be public. In future there is possibilty for address conflict. We need to buy public IP addresses from ISP's. The IP addresses from 192/ 172/ 10 are private IP Addresses which can be used internally in the companies. 202.65.136.146im NAT - Network Address Translation Al the servers are managed with Private IP but , they are available externally by using Public IP. Whenever a request comes from Internet to a public IP. Iti translated to Private IP or Routed to PVT P. EPSIBIC - Extended Binary Code. PAM - Product Availability Matrix 32 Bit - Supports - 268 64 Bit - Allocates upto 4 GB Virtual Memory (Hard Disk) - Physical Memory (RAM) The Internet communication Manager ICMON started by using icomexe Al the startup logs are stored in Werk directory. It is also called as Trace traces, tory or Developer Q System not started? 11 Check the database is up and running by Start > run > sqlplus "as sysdba 2.1f the database is not started then start the database and look into the log files alert-.og which resides in saptrace\ background directory Oracle\SID\saptrace\background Identify for Oracle errors that start with "ORA" Example 1033 ... DB_Connect Issues. ie. The work process is unable to connect to the database. Check the connectivity listener status, lstener-log, listener ports listener hostnames, database startup statuses etc. cmd> IsnretlInitially when SAP ie evolved there ie only & > cient Datsbeee Server 2 Architecture iid Recently SAP - Manufact uring Retail ‘Applicati onServer Allocates. Processes Accelerates. the requests INSTANCE Is an Agent Communicateswith Database with the Native SQL - Dispatcher {as the load goes on increases we will go with adding a Dialogue Instance ‘BASIS/ REPOSITORY PROG, FM, TRANSACTIONS, <————— SCREENS, MENUS but with ABAP Lang Accessing the BASIS repository over the web... and for this SAP Implemented a component called ITS. (Internet Transaction Server) separate tool windows specific IS (Microsoft internet information service) User Request <——=>1TS <=> IS > ABAP =O App Server ‘SAPWAS: SAP WEB APPLICATION SERVER which is capable of providing internet Including ICM 60 (Service) will handle the user request. ‘ABAP BASIS _ into a common supply chain/ Platform Bw The integrated ITS uses the common HTTP mechanism as in SAP Web AS, no additional Web server is required as, in the case of the standalone ITS, - It provides the runtime environment for all SAP Components, = It provides a platform for User Management, Administration, Monitoring, Analysis, performance, tracing. auditing and development.4 suoi - User Management SM21 Administration (System Logs) z20 - Monitoring (CCMS) Computing Center Management System SM20.—- Security Audit sT03 = Work Load Monitor sto. - System Trace SECR - Audit information System SE38 - ABAP Editor There are various BASIS platforms for R/3 ‘APO (Advanced Planner and Optimizer), - Sub Module of SCM. BIW (Business Intelligence Warehouse), EBP (Enterprise Buyer Professional) etc, ~ Sub Module of SRM. All these applications are robust, reliable, stable, and consistent which are built on ABAP language. LANGUAGE SINGLECODEPAGE: The database is installed on a code page like 1100 which can support the: like minded languages around 10 (En, German, Dutch...) but each additional languages should be imported. SMLT Languages like Chinese, Thai, Korean, and Japanese cannot be accessed using the above code page, due to this reason we need multicode page (MDMP - Multi Display Multiple Language) on the same system, MDMP has various disadvantages during upgrade Le, code page conversion. From SAPWEBAS 640 SAP provides only two versions (Non-Unicode and Unicode). SAP Stopped supporting blended (Mult) code pages ie, MOMP and introduced UNICODE to suppor all the languages ie, the characters are stored in more than one byte. Refer TCPDP table and 118N NON-UNICODE. It is similar to single code page and supports only the like minded languages. When there are no plans to expand the business globally this is the best ‘option. In future we can perform a UNICODE Migration. (NON UNICODE to UNICODE) Process: UNICODE Migration 1 Ensure that the version is Unicode enabled like ECC5.0,BI7.0, and CRM2005 ete, 2. Use SAP Installation Master DVD. ~ Additional Life Cycle~ TASKS - System copy ~ Source system - export NUC 3.Target system System -> Import with Unicode Kernel Note: We need to perform certain pre post steps Unicode consumes 40% of additional resources than NUC. Refer UCMIGR, Upgrade -4.6¢ to ECC5.0 Migration - NUC to Unicode. Note: As the Kernel is going to be changed during migration the whole database needs to be deleted. Internet Transaction Server In order to provide the web functionality to all SAP components ITS (Internet Transaction Server) is introduced by SAP. TTS installed on a separate machine or Application server to handle the web requests. In the earlier scenarios APPS Dispatcher used to handle the user request but in web scenario the HTTP requests are hhandled by Is. TTS consists of two gates (WEB Gate and APPLICATION Gate) Process Flow: 1, The web requests are received by Wgate which are in the form of HTML or .CSS {Cascading Style Sheets). 2. These requests are forwarded to Agate.176 SAPOUL ‘Application | RB ‘APO = Busines | ‘Acteies A EBP y E Need alow 7 ‘User for som basins Atrios Laure, Travel Exp.) ‘Weate and Agate are the services Dynpro request 11S ‘Agpliration B Server Waite pte Ding Protocol Dynamic Information Action Gateway Diag is a protocol that is used to handle the request coming from SAPGUI on port 3200 Series 3200 + Instance Number 3. Agate converts web request into Dynpro specific requests so that they ‘can be handled by Diag Pratocal. 4, The Dispatcher in the Application server handles the request and process i. 5, Response is forwarded to Agate.7 SAP OUI PO fa = = ‘Apphicatyc PS HTTP ‘Server ur Wau cron ape aw Ding Petal Time Consuming Not an Integrated Service Itdepends on IIS (internet Information Server to host the pages Non Business Preston S ee APO WoikProctee rE a qs ‘TASK Handler = Sareea Hender Lo ‘ABAP Heer BW 5 Intereter fone ‘pliaion Seve pe oN ‘Server FG, SC User input -> Queue -> Assign a Counter -> Screen -> Withdrawal -> Insert, Update or delete. Instead of IS SAP included WEBAS 640 and included ICM service within the Application Server. (CM. = Internet Communication Manager) which is called IMS (tegrated Intemet Server) Teode: SITSPMON8, 1 => TCM + HITS} WEBAS Introduction of WEBAS Until versions 8/3 4.6c (Kemel Version 46D) ITS provided the web functionality (APO 3.0, BIW 3.0 are the last basis components) SAP Introduced ICM (Internet Communication Manager) and named the platform as SAPWEBAS 6, this platform is going to be a common platform for all the SAP Applications even the ICM is introduced in SAPWEBAS and its stil require TTS to process the web request. SAP introduced ITS which is integrated in WEBAS640, It is accessed by the tcode: SITSPMON BIw3s FCC 50 FCC 60 x130 SCM 40 SRM 40 cRM40 ‘Are the SAP components that are installed on a common platform SAPWEBAS 640. sapare[eccso [oreo] smMao | piwss ] StsMT|( APO SAPHR Bw 6a =P ‘ABAP 64 BASIS 640 —_ BIW SAPWEBAS 640 (BASIS +1CM IITS) ‘Subsequently SAPWEBAS 700 and 710 are released WEBAS ABAP could not provide Colorful, dynamic, chat, Knowledge Management, Work List, Rooms, WEBEX, offline, Logos etc,19 WEBas JAVA, WEBAS ABAP ‘To Provide Business Functionality ‘WEBAS WEBAS ABAP JAVA IcM+ urs Consider an Example - ‘To Provide Nex Business Functionality Options) 5 Md = Exchange Infrastructure. Provides communication from one system to another system. Exchange Messages called as Process Integration (or) Intelligent Broker (or) BPM using an adapter.Gyomcomma rere [or Pesce ‘And interactive content Offline Oniine Masgtoot [om _| RE Freine Busines Iteligent System BIW kM Exchange infteszucare EPM Adugter sprtcation WEEAS [fav | WEBAS ABAP AVA mac ioe omen 1S ws Functicnalty | SAP WEB APPLICATION SERVER Funaionaty Buit on ABAP Languge Business resides BASIS +1TS In WEBAS ABAP KM - Knowledge Management CM- Content Management TREX Engine - Text retrieval and classification engine searches the information and bring out from Terra Bytes of data PL- Where the content is fetched either from BI, XI as and when required ‘The 4 Layers PI, BI, XI, Application Platform called as NETWEAVER181 NETWEAVER Application mF [scm | Sam [om Pel Ec 30. {tran ™ { 60 50 Eniesprise Pore a People Integration ear 2 70,7 5 Info gration ae : i xiao : ‘Process Integration Process Integration 7.0 R sonication WEBAS WEBAS i Plater ADAP lava 5 fa 700,n0 | earm,n0 |e wepasapartitstim | BASIS +ITS MDM - Master Data Management ERP. Enterprise Resource Planning ECC Enterprise Central Component SCM Supply Chain Management SRM_ - Supplier Relationship Management CRM. Customer Relationship Management NETWEAVER - PIPA P People Integration 1 = Information Integration P Process Integration A - Application Platform Note: For Netweaver ABAP is mandatory as the business lies in ABAP. NETWEAVER: Is a. common platform which provides EP (Enterprise Portal), BL Pl, ABAP, JAVA & Mobile Integration. SAPWEBAS 640, SAPWEBAS JAVA 640, Portal Content, KM (Knowledge Management), CM (Content Management), Plcontent etc, provided as add-on,182, Netweaver is introduced along with SAPWEBAS 640 but most of the components as add-on. ie, also called Netweaver ‘04 S, SRL, SR2, SR3. From Netweaver 04 S, SR1, SR2, $R3 or Netweaver ‘07 all the above content provided on one single bvo. = The software that is required is installation Master ~ Exports Java Components ~ CE Policy Java Cryptography Extension) ~ Kernel ‘The respective database (DB2, SQL, ORACLE, MaxDB) {After installation the entire content resides in the database only. Kernel resides at OS level. It provides runtime executables/ libraries that are required for SAP Engine (SAPWEBAS) The Installation master provides an option to install all the Netweaver components together with SAP application component (ERP, CRM, SCM, and SRM) [Netwieaver Components ABAP, JAVA, x, 8, PL However WEBASABAP is 2 mandatory Nate: EP Enterprise portal is not a business component for Java and itis only meant for GUL and Formatting) and EP doesn't requires ABAP EP = EP Core + JAVA ERP and EP cannot put together ina single box. ERP and BI cannot put together ina single box {(OLTP) and LAP) X- communication between one process to another process MDM: Master Data Management - Data Consistency “Try to populate the data from one repository to different servers MOMS.5, MDMZ.0 Netweaver Components accelerates the business components, Usage Types: Provides certain functionality to the business components. Usage types are selected during the instalation, Usage types are ABAP, JAVA, Pi, BI, JAVA, EPCORE, EP, Bl, MI (Mobile Infra), Development Infrastructure. ABA - Mandatory forall the components except for EP JAVA - Mandatory for Pl, EP, Mobile, BI-Java Pr = Both ABAP + JAVA required BUAVA JAVA, EP, EPCORE EPCORE - P “JAVA Development183 Infrastructure-JAVA MOBILE - ABAP, JAVA Netweaver alone cannot bring business it should be coupled with one of the SAP Business ‘component like ERP, CRM, SCM etc, However when we choose to install ERP, CRM, SCM they gets installed on ABAP platform which is a part of Netweaver. Netweaver Installation: 1 Use Installation Master 2. Select the respective Sapinst. (sapinst exe for windows and /sapinst on UNIX) 3. Select the installation Database (Oracle, SQL, MaxDB.) 4, Provide the following inputs sD 2. Instance Number (00 to 97) 3. ICE Policy (Java Cryprography - which is used to provide secure communication over the web. 4, Master password for the users os adm SAPService DB CORA Sys, System, Outin, MSS (Microsoft SQL Server): (05 (UNDX) ORA 1/3 Specific application users: SAP*, DDIC R/3 DBOwners ° SAP upto WAS640 ‘SAPSR3 for ABAP on WAS7O0 ‘SAPSR3DB fro JAVA on WAS700 Mss Select username from DBA_USERS; 5. Provide the path for Software dump (Kernel, Exports, JAVA Components) on UNIX we may need to abrupt the installation and install the database but on windows the database can be installed before in hand. 6 Ports 3600 - 3697. - ABAP Message Server, 3900 - 3999. - JAVA Message Server 3200 - 3297 - Dispatcher port4700 - 4797 - Dispatcher security port 3300 - 3397. Gateway port 4800 - 4897 - Secured gateway port 50000 - JAVA instance por if instance number is 00 Say for eg i the instance number is 25 then 50000 (100 + 25) = 52500 04 is for Administration port : 52504 Sayforeg99 ~ 59904-59916 50008 = Telnet Port 50026 = SDM Ports. (00 - Instance Number) fg: https://201.17.122250002 50001 - SSL (Http) ref help.sap.com Starting ABAP Engine: Windows: MMC (Microsoft Mgmt Console) UNIX startsap Startsap all: (Includes the Dialogue Instance) Startsap 13 ‘Stopping ABAP Engine: Windows: MMC (Microsoft Mgmt Console) UNIX stopsap Starting JAVA Engine: Same as starting ABAP Engine Starting Integrated Engine (ABAP + JAVA): ABAP dispatcher starts the JAVA instance provided the parameter rdisp/ start j2ee is set to true or use SMICM to start manually. Notes (Patch) This does the small corrections Support Package : Group of patches Support Stacks: Group of Support Packages (ABAP, BW, BASIS) Enhancement Pkg: is an upgrade to the current functionality 700, 7.01 (EHP1), 7.04 (EHP4)Upgrade 640-700-710, Installation of Instances: tis an integrated installation which consists of 1. Central Services Instance 2. Central Instance 3. Database Instance Central Services instances are provided in JAVA Engine which consists of JAVA Message Server and Enque Server to provide load balancing ta the web users and central locking for all the JAVA instances, Dialogue Process - Foreground ABAP Instance: Central Instance DvEBMGS ialogue, Update, Enque, BTC Message, Gateway and Spoo}) Dialogue Instance: Except Message and Enque (Dia, BTC, Spool, gateway & Update) Databaselnstance: Database Processes JAVA Instance: Consists of Dispatcher & Server processes DispatcherABAP is used to handle the requests and process them based on FIFO Dispatcher allocates the requests to work process (Dialogue) for interactive communication, Dispatcher JAVA is used to handle the requests and process them to server processes. Note: ipectean in UNIX pagefile.sys in windows is used to clear the pages Resource at the disk level is a Semaphore.iE 1cM SAP GUI Windows JAVA ABA HTTP 3200 Post | | | | ‘50000 Post Dispatcher Dispatcher Queue cs (WoskProcess) Server Process 186,INTERNET-EXPLORER WEB DISPATCHER (Muliple LUW are Binded S Message Servet! Aga Least loaded IM Icom Icom ‘ABAP+IAVA | [ABAP+JAVA | [ABAP-+IAVA DB LOW Double transaction inde which of them ate ons failed cancels the whole) 187 A Business Configuration Set is a set of Customizing settings which are grouped according to logical, business management criteria to a unit. For documentary, quality assurance and re-use purposes which is independent of the original Customizing tables/views which is accessible across the system landscape. Service Desk Creation SCPR20 ~ aCSet ~ Service Desk change st32A13 ~ Create the change request expert mode Continue Goto satelite system sM30 Look for 8COS_CUST =Maintain = OSS. MSG. -Save Help_ Create Support Message ABAP Request Handling= User submits the request using GUI ~The request is received by - Dispatcher keeps the requ: the dispatcher jst in Queue. = Dispatcher serves the request based on FIFO Dispatcher assigns the req} uest to Work Process 18s = Work process handles the request using Work Process Task Handler Task Handler interpret the request and submit the request to Database ~The database process the request and response is sent back to the user. _ DISPATCHER | [ Que ‘Work Proces WO, WI... 1W98 (Max) a Database cur Task Handler Screen Ineroter ABAP sal Anplicaton Server i C {JAVADISPATCHER Server | [Serve | [Server © Procts | [1 | | to6ntax Database WEBGUL S- Coat Serv =F AVE JAVA Request Flow ~ User submits the request189) = Request is handled by JAVA Dispatcher Dispatcher assigns the least loaded server process Server process assigns application thread manager to process the request Server process processes the requests til itis completed or the memory is exhausted/ timeout - ATM Handles the user request internal process/ Intra process (For Locking) is handled by Server process. ~ Server process communicates with DB and the response is sent back to the user. ~ Central services are used for load balancing and locking purposes. (During an update) JAVA Startup - Use MMC ~Startsap command, = SMICM + or rdisp/i2ee_ stat 1030 Mins jue used to start along with ABAP Engine but consumes at least 10 Mins Process of JAVA Startup Database Instance ~ Central Services Instance ~ Central Instance ~ JAVA Dialogue Instance (Optional) Process Flow 1. User uses any of the above startup methods to start the JAVA Engine 2, The system is started by using startup profile START_DVEBMGS (Integrated Engine) START JCO0_ (Standalone JAVA Engine) 3. It also uses START_SCSO1_ for starting SAP Central Services 4. It uses default profile to start the engine with minimal parameters that are required by all the Dialogue Instances. 5, Ituses the instanee profile to start the engine with instance specific (Memory Butter etc) _SCSO1, Hostname for SCS and _DVEBMGS00_hostname for Integrated Engine and _JC00 Hostname for Standalone Java Engine 6.In order to start the JAVA engine Jeontrol process is used to initialize the system.7. SControl initializes the bootstrap process to read the parameters from 8, JControl starts JLaunch process by reading instance.properties JLaunch Dispatcher Jlaunch — - server process JAVA Engine Startup Flow Strap Faces Start ICO Beet “DYEBMGs ises Defeat Pre BC8-4 Jronams | Ch? Dae MMC, Strep, SMICM slong wih ABAP Note: !Control reads from SDM/config/sdm jstartup properties Error logs are stored in DEV_JContvol from the WORK Directory DEV Jlaunch DEV Dispatcher DEV fem It consumes more time to start because bootstrap reads the parameters from the database to instance properties and bootstrap initializes Jlaunch for dispatcher, jlaunch for SDM and while initializing Jlaunch for server process it synchronize the binaries(All logs) of the dispatcher and the servers. 1 What is JAVA Instance/ JAVA Cluster 2. What are the types of Installations and which of them are recommended based on the usage types? 3. What are the inputs that are required during the instalation? 4, What are the various profiles that are used during startup & Explain the significance of them? 5. Explain the process of JAVA Engine startup & Describe the executables, file, logs and profiles that are used? 6. Explain the JAVA file system? aslot Installing SAP ECC6.0 on Win 2k3 Server Enterprise Edition Install the O/s ~ Allocate 15,000 MB =15GB for C Drive ~ Allocate the remaining for D Drive eg: 223467M8, During installation of O/S ~ provide the system name: willys12 = Organization name willsys31 ~ Assign the product key ~ Assign the computername _: willsys1L - provide the Admin pwd: admin123 Install the LAN Drivers and assign the static IP Address: 172.17.10.1 255.2550. Copy the SAP dump by accessing another machine \\willsys04\a Installing ECC6.0 = Install the j2sdk, se v1.42_12 ~ After installing copy the path from c\2sdk1.42_12\bin Set the Environment Variables from ~ My Computer - Properties - Advanced ~ dick on environment variables ~ dick on New Set variable name : JAVA HOME Set variable value: c\j2sdk1.4.2_12 (without \bin) =ok Now under system variable Search for "path" and highlight it and click on edit - under variable value = c\y2sdk1.42_12\bin ~ok Setting Virtual Memory ~ under Advanced tab - under performance click on settings192, ~ select advanced tab ~ dick on change under Virtual Memory and Hit change ~ select C: drive and set ~ custom size Initial size: 2046 Max-Size : 8000 If RAM is 2 GB we can select up to 8B from HDD. Installing Database - Oracle 106 ~ Access the folder oraclelog\NT\Oracle\sapserver.cmd =: ~ provide the SID eg: W11 SAP Installation, - run sapinstexe During installation it prompts for various inputs -SID - Master Password “JAVA Components ~ Exports ~Kernel ‘And prompts for SOLMAN Key get this fram SOLMAN System. Usagetypes.properties - Used to identity the usage types \usrisap\ \config\ usage properties Specifies the configuration of the Netweaver system 1. Usage types 'ABAP, JAVA, EP, EPCORE, DI (Development Infrastructure}, BI JAVA, PL and MI 2, Machine Type93 NTINTEL HP UNIX ete 3. Memory available on the system 4, The number of CPU's and CPU speed 5, System ID and Instance Number 6, Hostname and ports used along with backend ABAP Client, It also specifies the users that are created during installation along with the encrypted password Note: SAPISF user (Security Framework user) is created in ABAP Engine to communicate with JAVA Engine. This user reads the ABAP user master and ensure all the users are in the JAVA engine. JAVA engine doesn't let us to create users as the Data source willbe in ABAP. Note: In an integrated installation (ABAP + JAVA) J2EE. ADMIN jis the administrator and on standalone JAVA Engine (Administrator isthe userid that manages J2ee engine. IDM : Identity Management sap* DbIc SAPCP These are not counted for Licensing DVEBMGS Instance Numbers - Straight away we can see the ABAP Engine It is the Instance directory which specifies the types of processes, engine type, instance ‘number. It contains the following directories LIDATA: Used for storing the lock entries, statistical data etc DVEBMGS itis @ Kernel directory (Soft link to the physical one) BUGS: —_ Internet Graphic Server which is used to provide graphic services over the web, BUUZEE: It specifies that the JAVA engine is installed on the Machine. It consists of the following directories | Admin Directory: Used for administrating the J2E€ engine using Visual Admin tool, It also contains the directory Standalone Log Viewer to display the logs of the J2ee engine its not started, Dispatcher + Server = Local instance (Cluster) 2icluster: 1 cpecities the dispatcher, server and bootstrap process. It contains binaries that are required to start the above process. It also contains instanceproperties to start the instance (We can find by what time the instance is started)194 Cluster\dispatcher\log Defaulttrace.0.tre isa file available in the log directory for both server and cispatcher. 3. Config Tool. 1t provides a tool to change parameters of the instances either globally oF locally 4, Deploying: It is a tool that is used to deploy the small programs in to the JAVA engine, '5.JSPM:it is 3 too! to apply patches GAVA Support Pack Manager) 6. Log Directory: solDVEBMGSOO it specifies the MMC log/ SM21 Logs with log goto slog - clear all the logs and that is equal to Syslog, SDM \DVEBMGS - Software Deployment Manager Itis used to apply the patches for various Netweaver640 and 700 and itis discontinued in 7. NETWEAVER TOOLS \ust\cap\\eys\global ‘Sys consists of system executables (Kernel), profiles, global directory. Sys\exe directory : Consists of run time executables (Kernel) ‘Sys\profile directory: consists of profiles to start and also to control the behavior of the instance Sys\global directory: consists of SLD (system landscape directory), XI folders, template config tool, ‘Adobe services etc \work directory: consists of developer traces, JVM Logs (Java Virtual Machine), Standard error logs starts with std and these are used to debug the startup errors. 1 Template Config Tool : It resides in global directory \usf\sap\\sys\ global Itis initialized by efgtemplategui.bat (sh in UNIX) This tool is used as a part of the post installation and used to set the system with minimal parameters that are required for an usage type, ‘SAP Provides predefined templates to configure BW, EP, XI, J2EE engine etc Double click on cfgtemplateguibat Under choose actionSelect apply and hit next Select the template file and click next Used to set memory, CPU etc Note: Should not be executed after setting up the system because it will over write the changes. Its recommended to execute in the initial stages. 2. Log Viewer Standalone took: Itis used to provide the log access at 0/S level when the instance is not started and also used to display the logs based on search text, date and time, severity etc, (Displays the logs in user friendly format) \usr\sap\\OVEBMSG\j2ee\admin\logviewer. standalone 3.SDM : Software deployment manager This is used to deploy and undeploy the support packages, small developments that are coming with extension .sca (SAP component Archive) sda (SAP Deployable archives), 2ip, jar JAVA Archives) .ear (Enterprise archives), war (Web archives) etc. SDM is started as a process using the executable launch. There will be only one SDM in the entire system. ‘SDM has its own directory which contains binaries, config, log and libraries. Itis started by using sdm jstartup.properties in the \sdm\program\config SDM is initialized by using remetegui.bat from \usf\sap\sol\OVEBMGS\SOM\program, It requires SDM Server data like hostname & SOM port 50018 During initialization it will read the repository information from sdmrepository.sde {\sdm\prog\config) During deployment (applying the support pack) it takes backup of the repository. The major advantage of SDM is to undeploy the support packages(during conflicts) but its a disadvantage when compared with system consistency because it can undeploy the dependent packs also. SAP recommends to use JSPM from 7.0 onwards. In WEBAS 640/ NETWEAVER 640 JSPM is not available and in NWV710 SDM is not available. ‘SDM Directory contains a document related by SDM itself (SDMKITJAR) Changing the SDM Password: if SDM paseword is unknown we can set a new password using command line interface196, sdm changepassword. Note: In order to change the password SDM should be running in standalone mode, ‘SDM can be started in standalone or in integrated mode using command sdm jstartup sdmhome =<....> (mode = integrated/ standalone] Note: it is always recommendied to logoff from the SDM instead of closing the window. the window is closed but the SOM Client is till connected to the server in this case we need to restart the SDM. Deploying 2 support pack through SoM 1L Download the support pack from the market place 2. Deploy (or) copy the patches into the shared folder so that (DEV, QTY, PRD) are accessed (Not ‘mandatory to EPS) directory 3. login to SDM Tool 4. click on Deployment Tab. 5. Click add browse for sca file and hit next 6. patch location can be a database, file system or ee engine, Depending upon the nature of the patch it updates any one of the above Click on next and click on start deployment Logviewer tab provides the deployment status along with the duration of the deployment, SDM reads the files from the specified location not eps/in and it has its own inbox to process the deployment. The patch status is obtained from system - information option in the home page hnttp://-\dvebmgs00\j2¢e It connects to the database to modify the parameters of the J2ee engine when the engine is offline or online. Modifications will get effect only after a restart of the J2ee engine (the parameters are static) J2ee engine startup is not required to work with config tool. Its used for the following purposes - 2) To increase the server processes up to MAX 1697 luster = disp + server process Note: if we want to have more than 16 then we have to include dialogue JAVA instance. To handle the load we have to add server proces. This is required when memary is available to configure the additional server processes, ‘The server processes are used to handle the user requests. b) iis used to configure the JVM UAVA Virtual Machine) memory settings. Itis the only tool used to modify the JVM Settings JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE It is a platiorm specific software provided by sun Microsystems. It consists of java run time environment to interpret the JAVA programs. 2) When JAVA programs are defined they used to save extension JAVA (eg bankjava) it is compiled into bank.class file, This class file will be distributed to the customers irrespective of the operating system Authenticate - login Authorized - Executing tasks These files are interpreted by using JAVA Virtual Machine, JVM contains Byte code verifier and class loader. Initially JVM checks the class files and verify the bytes in the code and then signals to load the class file to display the screens/ Logic executed. This is the reason why JRE is required to execute JAVA Program. (Platform specific JVM should be installed on the customers system) ») It is used to configure various managers and services € Its used to store the Administrator password using option secure store. 4) Its used to configure the user management to LDAP engine ie, users who are created in AD ‘Active Directory) server. LDAP protocol is used to transfer the users from AD to the Application platform. (ABAP/ JAVA) @) Offline configuration mode to change certain parameters eg: when all the users are locked, this option is used to enable SAP* user. when SAP* is enable no other user can work on the system. Unlock the admin users and disable SAP" (two restarts are required) 4) 1 works only on the database as it needs to connect to the database using the OS authentication (doesn't require any userid and password) 5. Visual Admin Took:198 Tis is an admin tool which is used to change the static and dynamic parameters (Except JM) Iti initialized by using go.bat /sh in UNIX which resides in j2ee\admin Te works only online because it needs to connect to J2ee engine. It needs admin user password, hostname and port p4 (50004) It con connect from any system using the above credentials, Iris used to configure various services and managers. It can also used to start/stop various services and applications. tis discontinued in 7.10 NW but widely used in 640/ 700. 6. Shell Console Too! (or) Telnet tool Ris used to login to the system remotely when the system is congested (Hourglass mode), From Command prompt telnet —_ telnet willsysl1 50008 Provide the login details as J2EE_ADMIN and the password Prompt changes to > > lsc (list services) > man gives the manual) In Netweaver 7.1 SAP provides Shell Console Tool in the J2ee Directory and up to Netweaver 7.0 telnet tool has to be executed manually from the command prompt \usr\sap\\DVEBMSG\shellconsole from 7.1 only 7.JEMON or JControl Monitor [tis intalized by using command line executable jemon suffix with Jemon pF ="path of the instance profile” Eg DAusr\sap>jemon_pf=d:\usr\sap\\sys\profile\wis dvebmgs hostname provides the menu to administer cluster, memory and restart the processes if required. Command=> 0 to Bait Command=> 30 to refresh the instance data (tis used to clear the shared memory in use) 12 - To identify the processes