1)tradiciebi

wesebi,

(sazogadoebrivi

damokidebulebebi

danawesebi,

konkretuli

normebi

moraluri

da

da

qcevis

zneobrivi

Rirebulebebisadmi, adaTebi da wes_Cveulebebi), romlebic socialuri an

kulturuli memkvidreobis elementebs da mis metnaklebad stabilur,
amasTan, stereotipul nawils warmoadgens, Taobidan Taobas gadaecema da
socialur

jgufSi

xangrZlivad

narCundeba.

swored

tradiciebi

ganapirobebs kulturis memkvidrulobas.

tradiciis saxiT gvevlineba garkveuli sazogadoebrivi danawesebi,
normebi da qcevis wesebi, damokidebulebebi konkretuli moraluri da
zneobrivi Rirebulebebisadmi, adaTebi da wes_Cveulebebi. tradiciebi
gansxvavdeba SinaarsiT (ideebi, normebi da a.S.), funqciebiT (tradiciis
arsi _ adaTebi da maTi forma _ wes_Cveulebebi an ritualebi), yofaSi
arsebobis

xasiaTiT

TvalsazrisiT

(zepiri

(dadebiTi,

da

werilobiTi

neitraluri

da

tradiciebi),

uaryofiTi),

SefasebiTi

socialur

istoriuli planiT (xalxuri da elituri) da sxv. tradiciebi kulturis

met-naklebad myari stereotipuli nawilia da am azriT upirispirdeba
siaxleebs (inovaciebs). magram siaxlesTan tradiciis dapirispirebac da
misi

simyarec

SedarebiTia.

arsebobs

tradiciisa

da

novaciis

urTierTqmedebis 4 stadia: a) dapirispireba; b) Tanaarseboba; g) paliacia

(urTierTSereva

da

kompromisuli

formis

warmoqmna);

d)

inovaciis

gadaqceva tradiciad. amitom tradiciis simyarec SedarebiTia, Tumca,

swored tradiciebi ganapirobebs kulturis memkvidreobiTobas da misi
met-naklebad
metnaklebad

stabiluri
erTiani

nawilia.

eTnologiasa

azri tradiciis

arsebobs. miiCneven, rom istoriul

da

kulturologiaSi

rolze sxvadasxva

procesSi

tradiciis

epoqaSi ar
normatiuli

roli TandaTan mcirdeba da meti adgili rCeba individis an jgufis

sakuTar

arCevans

(magaliTad,

etiketisadmi

damokidebuleba,

romlis

darRvevac didxans isjeboda, mere ki ubralod gakicxvis sagani gaxda).

tradiciebi. socialuri an kulturuli memkvidreobis elementebi,

romlebic Taobidan Taobas gadaecema da socialur jgufSi xangrZlivad
SenarCundeba. tradiciis saxiT gvevlineba garkveuli sazogadoebrivi
danawesebi,

normebi

da

qcevis

wesebi,

damokidebulebebi

konkretuli

moraluri da zneobrivi Rirebulebebisadmi, adaTebi da wes_Cveulebebi.

tradiciebi gansxvavdeba SinaarsiT (ideebi, normebi da a.S.), funqciebiT
(tradiciis

arsi

adaTebi

ritualebi),

yofaSi

tradiciebi),

SefasebiTi

da

arsebobis

maTi

forma

xasiaTiT

TvalsazrisiT

wes_Cveulebebi

(zepiri

da

(dadebiTi,

an

werilobiTi

neitraluri

da

uaryofiTi), socialur _ istoriuli planiT (xalxuri da elituri) da

sxv. tradiciebi kulturis met-naklebad myari stereotipuli nawilia da
am azriT upirispirdeba siaxleebs (inovaciebs). magram es dapirispireba
SedarebiTia.

arsebobs

tradiciisa

da

novaciis

urTierTqmedebis

stadia: a) dapirispireba; b) Tanaarseboba; g) paliacia (urTierTSereva da

kompromisuli formis
amitom

tradiciis

ganapirobebs
stabiluri
erTiani
miiCneven,

warmoqmna);

simyarec

kulturis
nawilia.

d)

inovaciis

SedarebiTia,

azri

tradiciis

rom

istoriul

da

rolze

swored

tradiciebi

da

misi

met-naklebad

kulturologiaSi

sxvadasxva

procesSi

tradiciad.

Tumca,

memkvidreobiTobas

eTnologiasa

gadaqceva

epoqaSi

tradiciis

met-naklebad
ar

arsebobs.

normatiuli

roli

TandaTan mcirdeba da meti adgili rCeba individis an jgufis sakuTar

arCevans (magaliTad, etiketisadmi damokidebuleba, romlis darRvevac
didxans isjeboda, mere ki ubralod gakicxvis sagani gaxda).

rac

2)tabu.

1. termini warmodgeba polineziuri sityvidan tabu (tabu),

niSnavs

wmindas,

kulturasTan

da

xelSeuxebels.

aRniSnavs

mkacr

dakavSirebulia
kategoriul

pirvelyofil

niSnur

akrZalvas

gansakuTrebiT gamoyofili sagnebis, qcevis da sityvebis mimarT, ris

darRvevasac koleqtivis mxridan mkacri sasjeli mosdevs, amasTan, TviT
damrRvevmac

SeiZleba

sakuTari

Tavi

daundoblad

dasajos.

tabus

akrZalva

sxva

akrZalvebisgan

imiT

gansxvavdeba,

rom

arafriT

motivirdeba da aseve arafriT sabuTdeba. Tavdapirvelad ukavSirdeboda

yoveldRiuri

moxmarebisTvis

akrZalul

religiur,

sawesCveulebo

da

saceremonio obieqtebs, SemdgomSi aseTi akrZalva ganivrco nebismieri

saxis aqtze, adgilze, obieqtze, qcevis modelze; es ukanaskneli yvelaze
xSirad

figurirebs

incestTan

mimarTebaSi,

ris

Sesaxebac

bevri

gamokvlevaa anTropologiis sferoSi; funqcionalistebi tabus xsnian

jgufuri solidarobis poziciidan, struqturalistebs ki ainteresebT
rogorc binarulobis (orazrovnebis) problema.

Tanamedrove etapze

termini farTod gamoiyeneba. 2. akrZalvis aqti TavisTavad.

3)rituali.
xasiaTis

mqone

(laT.

sawesCveulebo).

ritualis_

moqmedebaTa

standartuli

da

myari

ceremoniuli
Tanmimdevroba.

SeiZleba gagebul iqnes sami azriT: 1. individTaSoris yoveldRiuri

urTierTqmedebis principi, qcevis adaptaciuri forma, pirovnebis, jgufis
an didi sociokulturuli sistemis Rirebuli maxasiaTebeli. 2. mertonis
TvalsazrisiT,
instituciur

ritualizmi
normebTan

adaptaciis

iseTi

miuRebeli

xdeba,

normebis

individis

formaa,
magram

Sesrulebas

kulturul

roca
maTi

mainc

miznebsa

adaptaciis

individisTvis

misaRwevi

agrZelebs.

da

erT-erTi

misaRwev
tipia.

kulturuli

instituciuri

mertoni

maT

miznebi

wesebisa

rituals

ase

r.

da

xsnis:

warmatebis misaRwevad dawesebuli rutinuli procedurebis mimdevari

individi

Tavs

daculad

grZnobs;

marcxSi

kidevac

rom

iyos

darwmunebuli, instituciur modelTan TviT es Sesabamisoba icavs mas im

SfoTisa da nervuli Cavardnebisgan, romlebic SeiZleba provocirebul
iqnes miznis misaRwevad ganxorcielebul cdaTa warumateblobiT. 3. im
tradiciuli normebisa da wesebis sistematuri midevneba, romlebic aRar
Seesabameba realuri cxovrebis moTxovnilebebsa da Rirebulebebs.
ritualis tipebi da funqciebi. diurkemis ritualebis klasifikacia
erT-erTi yvelaze sistemuri da safuZvliania, magram igi mainc ver

moicavs

ritualTa

tipebis

srul

mravalferovnebas.

ritualebis

klasificirebisas mniSvnelovania diqotomia _ maTi dayofa magiur da

religiur

ritualebad.

diurkemis

mixedviT,

magia

xasiaTdeba

individualurobiT, religia ki _ sazogadoebriobiT. ufro konkretulad,

magiaSi, gansxvavebiT religiisgan, ar arsebobs personificirebuli Zalis
anu RmerTis rwmena. Mmagiuri ritualebi atarebs individualur xasiaTs,
gaSualebulni ar aris gareSe piriT, xolo religiuri ritualebiT
dainteresebulia
aRsrulebaSi

sazogadoeba.

monawileoben

swored

mTeli

amitom,

sazogadoeba,

rogorc
sakvanZo

wesi,

mis

jgufebi

an

simboluri sazogadoebrivi pirebi.

ritualebis klasificireba xdeba funqciebis mixedviTac. Ppirvel
rigSi, unda gamovyoT krizisuli ritualebi, romlebic xorcieldeba
cxovrebis kritikul periodSi, an rogorc pasuxi mZafr da gadaudebel
problemebze. amis kargi magaliTia wvimis cekva. is sruldeba didi
gvalvis

dros,

roca

toms

mosavlis

dakargva

emuqreba.

es

rTuli

rituali sruldeba TiTqmis mTeli tomis mier, Samanebis an mRvdlebis

xelmZRvanelobiT. is detalurad aris damuSavebuli da ZvelTaZveli
droidan

momdinareobs.

improvizacia

srulebiT

aqve

unda

aRiniSnos,

gamoricxaven

rom

EerTmaneTs.

ritualebi

da

TanamedroveobaSi

krizisuli ritualis xasiaTs atarebs saxelmwifo meTaurebis mimarTva

xalxs siRaribis an sxva krizisis dros.
aseve

arsebobs

kalendaruli

ritualebi.

isini

sruldeba

regularulad garkveuli bunebrivi movlenebis dadgomasTan erTad. aseTi

movlenebia: weliwadis droebis da mTvaris fazebis cvlileba, mosavlis
momwifeba da sxva. sasoflo kulturebSi uamravi am saxis ritualia.
isini

datvirTulia

rTuli

da,

xandaxan,

erotikuli

elementebiTac.

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis mizniT da misi industrializaciis gamo es

ritualebi xSirad sekulirdeba, xandaxan ki qreba kidec.
Tavisi SinaarsiT da socialuri funqciiT gamoiyofa naTesaobis
ritualebi. isini ar arian dakavSirebuli sisxliT naTesaobasTan da

qorwinebasTan, aramed formirdeba funqciuri urTierTobebis safuZvelze.

magaliTad,

urTierToba

kulturebSi am saxis

ojaxsa

da

naTliebs

Soris.

tradiciul

ritualebs didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.

aq aRwerilia ritualebis mxolod is nawili, romlebic yvelaze

xSirad gvxvdeba. zogadad SeiZleba uamravi ritualis CamoTvla, gaaCnia,
mis romel aspeqtze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. SesaZlebelia ritualebis
klasificireba masSi imis monawileTa mixedviTac _ mxolod kacebi,
mxolod qalebi Tu yvela erTad. Aaseve, SesaZlebelia maTi dayofa
monawileTa

raodenobis,

an

ritualis

kulturaSi

arsebobs

winamZRolebis

statusebis

mixedviT.
yvela

religiuri

da

arareligiuri

ritualebi. es arareligiuri ritualebi vlindeba yoveldRiur qcevebSi

da

moqmedebebSi.

maTi

daniSnuleba

interpersonalur

urTierTobebSi

vlindeba. swored amgvari ritualebi ikvlia amerikelma sociologma

i..hofmanma. man aCvena ritualuri xasiaTis qcevebi, romlebic vlindeba
urTierTpativiscemis gamoxatvis dros.
pativiscemis

ritualebis

or

saxes

gamoyofen:

ganridebis

da

TviTprezentaciis. ganrideba _ es aris SezRuduli qcevebi, romelTa

mizania individebs Soris socialuri distanciis dadgena. is gvexmareba,
SevinarCunoT

formaluri

urTierTobebi

da,

amave

dros,

davrCeT

avtonomiurni.
prezentaciis
modelebi,

ritualebi

romlebic

emsaxurebian

esaa

pativiscemis

urTierTobebis

gamomxatveli

gafarToebasa

da

gaaqtiurebas. ganridebis rituali asaxavs imas, Tu ra ar unda gaakeTos

adamianma partniorTan imisTvis, rom ar SezRudos misi Tavisufleba;
prezentaciis

ritualebi

gviCvenebs,

Tu

rogor

unda

CaerTo

urTierTobebSi ise, rom pativi sce partniors. hofmanis mixedviT amis

magaliTebia: misalmeba, dapatiJeba, komplimenti da sxva.
Rites de passage (momwifebis ritualebi)

momwifebis (gardamavlobis) ritualebi ritualTa gansakuTrebuli

klasia. isini yvela kulturaSi gvxvdeba da gansakuTrebul funqcias
asruleben.

ritualebi

dakavSirebiT.

sruldeba

isini

individis

gansakuTrebiT

identobis

xatovania

cvlasTan

tradiciul

da

pirvelyofil sazogadoebebSi. momwifebis momentSi adamiani kargavs Zvel

identobas da iZens axals, rac gulisxmobs socialuri maCveneblebis
Secvlas,
iniciacia,

xandaxan
anu

ki

saxelis

klanis

an

Secvlasac.

Temis

garkveul

sruluflebian

kulturebSi

wevrad

gaxdoma

gaigivebulia sikvdilTan da Tavidan dabadebasTan. zogierT kulturaSi

iniciacia

xanmokle

aqti

an

movlenaa,

zogan

ki

Zalze

xangrZlivi

procesia da SeZleba ramdenime kvira an Tvec gagrZeldes.

arsebobs

gogonaTa

iniciaciac,

qorwinebis

ritualebi,

siberis

aRniSvna, sabolood, dabadebis da sikvdilis ritualebi. eTnografebis

mier

aTaseulobiT

funqciaTa

msgavsi

krebuli:

ritualia

individis

axali

aRwerili.
identobis

maTTvis

saerToa

Camoyalibeba,

axali

statusis SeZena da msxvil statusur jgufebSi integracia. iniciaciis

procesi - es aris statusis SeZenis procesi. amitom isini socialuri
mobilobis da socialuri struqturebis warmoebis mniSvnelovani iaraRia
maSin,

roca

ar

arsebobs

ganaTlebis

institutebi

da

miRwevadi

statusebi.
Tanamedrove

sazogadoebebSi

gardamavlobis

ritualebi

Zalian

Sesustda, ukeTesi iqneba Tu vityviT, Zalian Seicvala, Tumca am tipis

ritualebi

arsebobas

srulwlovanobis
monawileobis

mainc

agrZeleben:

damadasturebeli

miReba,

rogorc

pasportis,

cnobis

zrdasruli

miReba,

moqalaqeobis

rogorc
arCevnebSi
gamoxatva,

universitetis diplomis miReba, daqorwineba da ganqorwineba, pensiaze

gadasvla da, ra Tqma unda, yovelTvis da yvelgan, dabadeba da sikvdili
(ori kardinaluri cvlileba statusisa).
dRes

iniciaciis

periodis

gavlisas

adamiani

identifikaciis

arCevanSi Tavisufalia, mas SeuZlia uari Tqvas an miiRos romelime

gardamavlobis

periodi. uZvelesi

drois

ritualebs

ki iZulebiToba

axasiaTebda.
magaliTad,
axalgazrda

afrikis

monawileebs

erT-erT
asaxleben

regionSi

iniciacia

specialurad

Semdegnairia.

aSenebul

banakSi,

soflis moSorebiT. maT sami dRe aSimSileben da amis mere mihyavT

mdinareze, sadac banen. dabrunebisas maT unda gaiaron mamakacebisgan
Semdgar rigSi, romlebic magari wkeplebiT arian SeiaraRebulni da
urtyamen

monawileebs. amis Semdeg dgeba windacveTis jeri. imave saRamos

ki axalgazrdebma beladis win unda icekvos ise, rom ar SeimCnion

aranairi tkivili, arc xma amoiRon da arc saxeze SeetyoT rame. Tu maT
es ver SesZles, mTeli sicocxlis manZilze Sercxvenilebi iqnebian. am
gamocdis

Semdeg

sazogadoebaSi,

mihyavT

intimur

isev

banakSi

urTierTobebSi

da
da

aswavlian

ojaxSi,

ritualur

cekvebSi

monawileobis wesebs. amis Semdeg xdeba maTi codvebisagan ganwmenda,

mkacri

zedamxedvelis

meTvalyureobiT

mwvel

mzeze

muSaobiT,

mwerebisgan yvelanairi dacvis gareSe. Semdgom yoveli axalgazrda iRebs

axal saxels. isini toveben banaks da wvaven mas. saxlSi brundebian
specialurad moxatulebi da Cacmulebi. maT sami dRe ekrZalebaT xmis
amoReba.

mxolod

yvela

am

proceduris

gavlis

Semdeg

xdebian

zrdasruli tomis wevrebi.

iniciacia iyo da aris socialuri mobilobis winapiroba. magram
bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani iyo igi pirvelyofil sazogadoebebSi, sadac
ar

arsebobda

ganaTlebis

institutebi

da

miRwevadi

statusebi.

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi momwifebis ritualebis ricxvi Semcirda, an

mkveTrad Seicvala maTi saxe, Tumca uamravi rituali isev arsebobs.
magaliTad: pirveli ziareba, pasportis aReba, qorwineba, ganqorwineba,
pensiaze gasvla da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, dabadebasTan da sikvdilTan
dakavSirebuli ritualebi.
yoveli

Tanamedrove

rituali

enaTesaveba

Zvel

ritualebs

da

simbolurad atarebs maT saxes. maTi sacialuri funqciebia individTa

kategorizacia,

socialuri

struqturis

stabilizacia

da

statusebis

miniWeba. gansxvaveba dRevandel da Zvel ritualebs Soris isaa, rom dRes

Cven

gvaqvs

arCevanis

saSualeba,

rac

adre

TiTqmis

ar

iyo.

aseve,

adrindelTan SedarebiT, dRes yvelaferi bevrad ufro formalizebulia

da moklebulia emociurobas.
negatiuri
ritualebis
uaryofiTi

or

da

pozitiuri

kategoriad

(negatiuri

ritualebi.

swored

dadebiTad

ritualebi)

da

amiT

aixsneba

uaryofiTad

warmoadgens

dayofa.

akrZalvis

sistemas,

romlis mizania mkacrad gamijnos wminda da vulgaruli cxovreba,

magaliTad, uwminduri arseba an sagani ar SeiZleba Seexos wmindas.
avstralieli aborigenebisTvis wminda nivTi aris Curinga _ qva an xis
naWeri, romelzec gamosaxulia totemis niSani, rac mas zebunebriv Zalas
sZens. zogierT tomSi yvela mamakacs aqvs Curinga. garkveuli periodi
Curinga gamoqvabulSi inaxeba; specialuri rituali sruldeba maSin,
rodesac axalgazrdas pirvelad aZleven Tavisi Curingis naxvis uflebas.
ikrZaleba totemuri cxovelis Wama. amave dros, ikrZaleba wminda da
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis erTmaneTSi areva, aqedan gamomdinare, ikrZaleba
muSaobac.
dadebiTi (pozitiuri) ritualebi sruldeba sruliad sapirispiro
mizniT

ara

samyarosTan

imisTvis,

rom

morwmuneebis

gayon

es

ori

dasaaxloveblad.

samyaro,

aramed

magaliTad,

wminda

totemuri

cxovelis erTad Wama, msxverplSewirva da, sazogadod, iseTi moqmedebebi,

romlebic
samyarosTan

RmerTebis

keTilganwyobis

morwmuneebis

gamowvevas

dasaaxloveblad

emsaxureba.

erT-erTi

gzaa

wminda

warsulis

aRdgena _ e.w. qomemoratiuli ritualebi.

4)monogamia

(berZn.

monos _ erTi, erTiani, erTaderTi, gamy_

qorwineba). qorwinebis norma, romlis Tanaxmad nebadarTulia erTaderTi

saqorwino

partnioris

yola.

SeiZleba

gulisxmobdes

gameorebiT

qorwinebis akrZalvas, aseT pirobebSi mimarTaven terminebs _ seriuli

monogamia an seriuli poligamia. terminis gamoyenebisas konotacia

gulisxmobs wyvilSi seqsualuri erTgulebis ormxriv SenarCunebas.

5)artefaqti.

(laT.

arte _

xelovnurad factus_

gakeTebuli).

nebismieri xelovnurad Seqmnili obieqti. zogierTi mecnieris gagebiT, a.

aris

ara

mxolod

fizikuri,

aramed

ideaciuri

obieqtic,

kulturis

specializebul sferoebSi funqcionirebadi da kulturuli semantikis

absraqtulad momcveli, romelsac SeiZleba hqondes rogorc fizikuri
maxasiaTeblebi,

ise

niSnuri

an

simboluri

Sinaarsi.

kulturis

mecnierebebi a_s ganixilavs raime kulturuli formis interpretaciul

ganxorcielebad
socialur

konkretul

struqturaSi,

materialur

informaciul

produqtSi,
Setyobinebasa

qceviT
da

aqtSi,

SefasebiT

msjelobaSi. kulturuli a-is yvelaze specifikur maxasiaTeblad miiCneva

misi

gageba

sawyisi

kulturuli

formis

individualuri

aRqmis

produqtad, aqedan gamomdinare ki _ misi subieqturi interpretaciis

kerZo SemTxvevad.
kulturuli
sulieri

kulturis

artefaqtis
cnebebs.

cneba

ukavSirdeba

pirveliT

materialuri

aRiniSneba

da

yovelgvari

materialuri sagani, agreTve gamogonebebi da cvlilebebi teqnologiis

ganviTarebaSi;

materialuri

kulturis

sagnebi

mniSvnelovan

rols

asruleben praqtikul mizanTa miRwevasa da socialurad mniSvnelovani

informaciis gadacema _ SenaxvaSi. kulturis fenomenebad maT mxolod
meore _ sulieri funqciis Sesruleba aqcevs. Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi,
am

cnebasTan

artefaqti

SedarebiT,

moiazreba

upiratesobas

erTdroulad

aniWeben

fizikur

da

artefaqtis
ideaciur

cnebas.

obieqtad,

romelsac fizikuri maxasiaTeblebic SeiZleba hqondes da niSnuri an

simboluri Sinaarsic im cvlilebaTa bunebis gamo, romelic misi Seqmnisa
da gamoyenebis procesSi SeiZina.

6)binaruli opoziciebi.

(fran.

nawilisgan

binaire_ori

Semdgari;) materialuri da sulieri kulturis ganxilva or, umWidroes

urTierTkavSirSi

myof,

magram

urTierTdapirispirebul

ZiriTad

elementTa erTianobad. b.o_is sistema samyaros dualuri klasifikaciis

amsaxveli

principia,

romelic

Tavs

iCens

socialuri

cxovrebis

dualistur organizaciaSi. igi Tavs avlens adamianis cxovrebis yvela

sferoSi, maT Soris, socialur niSanTa semantikaSic da fiqsirebulia
enaSi.

binaruli

opoziciebi,

umartivesi principi,

rogorc

simboluri

klasifikaciis

universaluria da gavrcelebulia msoflios yvela

kulturaSi. b. o_Si gare samyaros movlenebi da obieqtebi SeigrZnoba

maTi kontrastuli dapirispirebiT. aseTi binaruli kontrastireba aRqmis
uwyvet STabeWdilebebs diskretulad anawevrebs. mxolod amis Semdeg
xdeba

maTi

semantikuri

umartivesi
opoziciebi

analizi
adamianis

da

klasifikacia.

umartives

elementaruli

sivrciT

da

grZnobiT

orientacias asaxavs grZnobis organoTa, adamianis sxeulis nawilebis,

sazogadoebisa

da

bunebis

eniT,

agreTve

aqsiologizaciaSi

anu

RirebulebaTa skalaSi maTi CarTviT. magaliTad, dapirispireba ze-qve

konkretul

saxes

iZens

kontrastiT,

romelic

movlenebze,

magaliTad,

sxeulis
Semdeg

zeda

da

ganivrcoba

ca_miwa,

ojaxur

qveda

nawilebs

kosmiur
Tu

Soris

da

socialur

socialur

ierarqiaSi

maRali _ dabali da a.S. umartives semantikur opoziciebze dayrdnobiT

xdeba realobaSi kontrastul dapirispirebaTa kosmologiuri gaazreba
da

paralelebis

TandaTan

iZens

dadgena

sxvadasxvagvar

mniSvnelobas

da

movlenasTan;

kontrastebi

fundamenturi

antonimiebis

gamomxatvelad iqceva: kosmiur _ sivrciT droiT kontinuumSi (ca-miwa),

sociumSi (Cemi-sxvisi, ufrosi_umcrosi), bunebis da kulturis zRvarze
(wyali_cecxli,

umi_moxarSuli),

abstraqtul

ricxvTa

samyaroSi

(kenti_luwi). samyaros ierarqiuli danawevrebis kvaldakval farTovdeba

binaruli

logikis

ganmasxvavebeli

niSnebis

saklasifikacio
Tavisebur

SesaZleblobebi;

grovad

iqceva

sagnebi

niSanTa

erTi

jgufiT igivdebian, meoreTi _ upirispirdebian erTmaneTs, rac movlenaTa

markirebis

(anu

romelime

niSniT

sociologebi (diurkemi, mosi) da

aRniSvnis)

safuZveli

xdeba.

eTnologebi yuradRebas gansakuTrebiT

amaxvilebdnen totemuri klasifikaciisa da tomis socialuri cxovrebis

dualistur formebze, rac vlindeba teritoriis organizebis dualur
xasiaTSi _ dasaxlebis, tomis, sacxovrisis da sxv. gayofa or nawilad
da dapirispirebul mxared Sesabamisi saxeldebiT ( marjvena_marcxena ;
zeviT-qveviT,napiri_xmeleTidaa.S.).
met_naklebad xSirad opoziciaTa SezRuduli CamonaTvali gamoiyeneba(miw
a_zeca, dRe_Rame, mze_mTvare, sicocxle-sikvdili, zafxuli_zamTari, wvim
ebis dro-gvalvis dro, omi_mSvidoba, qaluri _ mamakacuri, TeTri-Savi da
sxv.);mecnierTaTvalsazrisiT,
b. o.sociokulturulicxovrebis mowesrigebisa da adamianuri agresiulob
is reglamentaciis universalur tendencias asaxavs.

7)qorwinebamdeli
nebadarTulobisa

Tu

seqsi.

qorwinebamdeli

akrZalulobis

xarisxi

seqsis
sxvadasxva

sazogadoebisaTvis sxvadasxvaaA. trobiraindis kunZulebze mozardebis

sqesobrivi aqtivoba waxalisebulia ufrosebis mier, radgan es miiCneva
sasargeblod
qorwinebisaTvis.

da

mniSvnelovnad

mozardebs

sqesobrivi

momavalSi
cxovrebis

warmatebuli
Sesaxeb

srul

informacias fizikuri mowifebisTanave awvdian da xelsayrel pirobebs

uqmnian intimuri cxovrebis dasawyebad.
zogi sazogadoeba ara mxolod misaRebad miiCnevs qorwinebamdel
sqesobriv

urTierTobebs,

aramed

uSvebs

mozardebs

Soris

sacdel

qorwinebebs. centralur afrikaSi mcxovreb ilas enaze molaparake

tomebSi mosavlis aRebis periodSi gogonebs eTmobaT saxlebi, sadac

maT SeuZliaT maT mierve amorCeul vaJebTan erTad ise icxovron,

rogorc col-qmarma. miCneulia, rom am tomebSi qalwuloba daaxloebiT
10 wlis Semdeg aRar gvxvdeba.
Tumca arseboben sazogadoebebi, sadac qorwinebamdeli sqesobrivi
aqtivoba

miuRebelia.

sazogadoebaSi

magaliTad,

pirveli

meqsikeli

menstruaciis

Semdeg,

tepoctlanebis

gogonebis

cxovreba

karCaketili da SezRuduli xdeboda. maT ar SeeZloT vaJebTan saubari.

amgvari qceva uwesobad da sigiJis niSnad iTvleboda. dedebs TavianTi
qaliSvilebis

umankoebaze

zrunva

ekisrebodaT.

erT-erTi

dedis

sityvebiT, mas surda misi 15 wlis qaliSvili male gaTxoviliyo,

radgan misTvis gamudmebiT yuradRebis miqceva rTuli saqme gaxldaT.
mraval

musulmanur

sazogadoebaSi

qaliSvilis

umankoeba

misi

qorwinebis Semdeg mowmdeboda da qorwilis meore diliT patarZlis

umankoebis

dasturad

saxlis

win

sisxliT

dasvrili

zewari

gamoifineboda.
drosTan erTad, icvleba qcevebi da Cvevebi. magaliTad, aSS-Si,
adre qorwinebamdeli seqsi miuReblad iTvleboda, 1990-ian wlebSi ki
amerikelebis umetesobisaTvis es savsebiT misaRebi da sasurvelic ki
iyo.

8)
ojaxis

modeliseuli

batonoba-morCilebis

ierarqia

saRvTo
adreul

kaTolicizmSi zogadqristianul models emTxveva: mTavar adgils ikavebs

mama, meore adgilzea Svili, Semdeg ki _ deda. gviandel kaTolicizmSi .
Tumca

mamis

dominantoba

mcirdeba,

magram

SenarCunebulia

da

kaTolicizmTan

pasuxismgebloba ojaxze
protestantizmi,

marTlmadideblobasa

SedarebiT, ojaxur problemebs nakleb yuradRebas uTmobs. aq arsebiTia

garkveuli egocentruloba.

protestantul ojaxebSi umTavresi mimarTeba myardeba mamakacTan,

swored

mama

urTierTobs

SvilTan,

colTan

da

a.S.

qalis

roli

umniSvneloa.
adreqristinul

da

marTlmadideblur

tradiciaSi

naTlad

iyo

gansazRvruli qalis adgili da funqciebi ojaxSi: bavSvebis aRzrda,

qmris morCileba, ojaxis movla da dacva da a.S. protestantizmSi ki
(gansakuTrebiT

kalvinizmSi)

mTavari

saqme

Zalauflebis

morCilebaa,

magaliTad, samiwaTmoqmedo saqmeSi batonis msaxureba, ZiZis mier bavSvis

aRzrda. protestantuli dogmatikis Tanaxmad, Zalauflebis winaSe yvela
Tanasworia _ qalic da mamakacic.
qristianuli ojaxis idealur modelSi CarTulia deda, mama da
vaJi.

gogo-Svilis

adgili

gansazRvruli

araa,

misTvis

idealuri

ojaxis struqturaSi adgili araa.

mxolod
rolisTvis,

protestantebi
romelic

amzadeben

Tavisi

qaliSvils

moRvaweobiT

saqmiani

SesZlebs

qalis

mamakacis

konkurencias ekonomikur Tu sxva sferoSi. vaJiSvili ki sazogadod

qristianul kulturaSi izrdeba, rogorc momavali mama, dominanti da
pasuximgebeli
sabolood,

drom

Secvala

da

Camoayaliba

adamianTa

msoflmxedveloba, azrovneba, Segneba. icvleba damokidebuleba religiis

mimarTac,

erTmaneTisganaa

gamoyofili

saero

da

saRvTo

cxovreba.

ojaxSi dominanturi aRaraa religiuri principebi. religiuri rwmenebze

dafuZnebuli principebi da gavlenebi aRar gansazRvravs F colisa da
qmris funqciebs, urTierTobebs mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris. saero
cxovreba aSkarad gadadis yofiT sakiTxebze, religia da religiuri
cxovreba

ki

damokidebuli

xdeba

TiToeuli

adamianis,

individisa da pirovnebis, azrovnebasa da mimarTebebze.

rogorc

9)

. (
), . : 1. , 2.
3. , 4. 5. 6. 7.
. .

10) ra moiazreba qorwinebaSi

qorwinebaSi igulisxmeba

sazogadoebis mier mxardaWerili sqesobrivi da ekonomikuri kavSiri,

damyarebuli qalsa da mamakacs Soris. igulisxmeba, rom es kavSiri
ramdenadme permanentulia da mis monawileebs ormxrivi uflebebi da
movaleobebi
mimarTac.
romlis

akisriaT

qorwineba

rogorc

erTamneTis,

socialurad

monawileebsac

ar

aseve

mxardaWerili

eridebaT

TavianTi

TavianTi

Svilebis

seqsobrivi

kavSiria,

kavSiris

saxalxod

demonstrireba.

11)endogamia

adamianebs avaldebulebs, rom Tavisi sazogadoebis

an jgufis SigniT ipovnon meuRle. endogamiis magaliTebia indoeTis

kastebi. maRal klasebs miaCndaT, rom dabal kastebTan kavSiri maTTvis
`wambilwvelia~
aRiniSneba

da

afrikis

Sesabamisad
zog

akrZaluli

nawilSic.

iyo.

magaliTad,

kasturi

aRmosavleT

endogamia
afrikaSi

mcxovrebi masaebis tomSi meomari mWedlis qaliSvils colad

ar moiyvans. ruandaSi, tutsis mmarTveli kastis warmoamdgeneli
arasodes daqorwindeba tvas monadire kastis warmomadgenelze da Aa. S.

12)

poligamia

umetesobaSi
hyavdeT.

amas

mamakacebs
poliginia

mecnierebisTvis
ufleba
hqviaA.

aqvT,
Tumca

cnobili

erTdroulad
poliginiuri

sazogadoebebis
ramdenime

coli

sazogadoebebis

umetesobaSi mamakacebis didi nawili monogamiur qorwinebaSi imyofeba,

radganac qalebi ubralod ar arian imdeni, rom yvela mamakacs erTze

meti coli hyavdes.