An Analytical and Experimental Investigation wannen nice | Of Multiple Disk Pumps and Compressors Melons of og Sern "oop tne es RSE in scott of tbomaciey cmring «tr campos fom Ae i eve an the hisrg ond mate ee och ine eta eae dn ecerncnt progam of teoct on such dates daniel ee ih ‘erp o the design and ing of on ecerinentel ta ea ve ee ‘compre wag mipledik aioe Tota rating fom he eg of be ice re petted in sama for th ncsronel stoners Et foe "fos ebprmimton” anaes feet he fy pies thn the tr nde te limiting pertrmasce and eicarsofmaligcad bea ain ae rsuing enti fond Ly del computa, fe bresned fo 0 ak onset my onto rwtoraes intra amentoloshurone Abies Ether of posible pba of lip te pampstconeiers oe need the lfomaton new eae fir nedenehal ee roduetion |n coxwavanian sursmetinery, meaneto ee shsngobotwoon tho hid and the aotor is lected by. proving ies or hae prams to deflaet al constrain the ow ithe toto, "Cho ranuting oreo is cus Lo the Intapeal of the press clciney, fuzthardofined in oon context ‘ontor of eke text p= preamro = torque 2 = saute velocity of isis APC = wrenrechongnin-enrance ase = velaity component fn rdinen = ae el sage ‘on 7 = then azo, father dined i 42, = proasaro change across: rotor» = velo gomponond in @adicews ontaxt Som inner tad to poaton = tion = angolurposidign oordtaate AP, = proseure chasgo in difieer W = work por unit mas APL = OP ob APs h APs, total pres zm Y/ty ltmnnnlecs es secre ‘muro change nenesontee tion eoontnnte # = valuo at nae zetun pursp ¥ = ofr dimensionless volosity oo- 5 = nls at outes reg Jeurval of Engineering for Power suey 1963 / 191loetwoen tho dias and exhsuata into the dtfsion ell aa gh volelty with bots radial and tangential components, During prseago through the roto, the Mid react on the multiple dak [Syston requiring that esto torqua bo supplied to the pump ‘Shaft y ering engine or motoe. The lid exhaust feu the {ier gerll ab highor anergy than thot ab which it onter tho py tho iaeosoud enerey cig, primarily in. tho form of on Uhalpy. Tho net eal rom Sn Inronse in tho prostrate {laid bebseon tao pump inet al outlet. a the eompreasor of Liowor aplication of the ratio dk rato, the operant! principle i tha eam but tho hid hand I gaovous fuer thin Tighd, Ax hv the case of eanventioal ‘uhomuchinery, 2 blower woud bo expected to perform fa very poatly the asa manner et punnp sino the Bui davai ie not ‘eat cicgad itn the Manor, but a compose witht Migh ‘sompression rtlo ould inaur cempreaility effets within the rotor. "Tho origin of the idoa for auoh a rotor ie eomowbst obusire, ‘Tho Heat definitive United States patents involving Ho rotor were innued to N, Toads (1) 1985, cavering both varbino and ump pplication of the rotor. "Tho inventor did not seriousty aempt toexplolt the doviow and the principlo has received ltl attention in published engiacering invoutgution. A publis demonstration ‘of a anutipo dst tring waa given by Tesls prior Lo the ino of [patents and was widely report in do ecritogaical pres ofthat time (2, 3]e Soveral writor fferod explanations cf the motivo Driviple na brief analyoon of tho flow proses Within eho rote (31. "A soutiningansly$ieal and exporinentalinvastigation of dk turbomachinery wat began in 1058 by tho wetar end rovers ‘teeter with the objectives of detenubning the feaabiity of bch snachinery, “The investigation ruled in the dvign, con struction, and toting of a vacoky of experimental air terse faad aie compromorg, etd a liguid pump ving snultiple dia otort? All Of the mnohinee porformiod the functions for whieh " Rlomborn in begets dosintoHfronees ben of pspar. MES vedio suparted herein wae sponsored Dp eee fv sruienta, Taos Dang, Poses Fla. 2A alae pomp esine « moiole dak rol, wlth due I ‘erprae Yor tang WE /sury 1983 ‘hey mere tended, ‘Tho tot roles indicat that snasple dik ‘parnps and eomprestors ace fomilo, may off attractine yer fermunce in eartn splal applications (bat not where conven tonal pumpe are taistactory), dare worthy of furthorinveti- ation, ‘The avelyacesndlento tho upper Hite of poefrmance ‘vie can be eppronched iy mulipi dik turbonmchinery and tho manor in wish tho upper paformance limite vary with eornetslcl and operational paramotors. ‘Thi paper precanta 6 ftinmacy of tent raul fem a pur, aa alr blower, and an ai ompresoe ug maltple dl rotors and a fs-approach type cof waalyae of th prformanes of sich machinery. ‘An Experimental Multiple Disk Pump Tig 2 shows « multiple disk pump whilo Fig. 8 dows the rotor ‘of the pump, "The rotor waa 5:0 fa, in dlamoles, camposed of 36 isha och O42Dia, this, and with 0.020.n. did emsing in this machine, she dak vero nado. with a 1Osimdia ‘intra hole; the rotor was dhe hollow, with no aha through i "Tho dska wero held together, spaced ad atiffoed by eight smal throaghibolte ads et epider teach ado ofthe rotor provided sttechmant to auaftsextersl to the rotor, Water entered from “pproprinte chacnbers the pump howsing, Uorough the Snlet idee ino tho central allow portan of the rotor, and fly {ho the spacos between the aka, At tho ontorpocphery of the Totor the water enteral x aptraldiftasing worl ed lft the pump Trongh « final straight difusing pipo, Bronco bearings were ‘utd, with no extomal Isbrication, Carbon wes were provided botweon the rotor and the hung to nani feaeage bet ean tho two, Allotherdotaile auch v2 packings pings, a pizing ‘were conventional. "Th pump was driven by a vaviablogpeed eleotric motor erulled to form a dytamomatan for testing, Watar at approvimalaly 100 dog F was the pumped fad. Approprinte data wor colletot tole the osfarmance euanaeaed it Table J n whl ropre- sentative valueacoly are presated. Minor Snconaistoncis inthe {ata present ago dhe ta experinvatal jnneracie “the flow was trata over nome rmngos of perormasce; only ‘valu of which stability obtoined are roported. Tho insteilty is believed due to eeparalon and reeitingeuvittion within the eto, pethape abottod hy cuvittion ab Uo int spider, A ear plete deaeriplan of th jump, the test conditions aad the reel Ihe date and performance ayo bean documented in. n thee concerning ti machine [6]. tn Table, tho effioney report is ‘ho overall rnp ofcloney, defined a the rato ofthe inerensoin ‘tha hydric energy of tho Hid Ubrough the pump tothe shaft -work euppliod to tho pump; the diferenee in the two quastiin Br inaolested primary by « teinperctare rie in the liqsht amped, ‘Transactions of the ASMEa eS fw a2 ow B ou R eS OM 500 Bo Be Boh @ gw a BH 2, Remesettie partomnanes dole fom maple dak i Bower, apart 0 te and appont ‘atly 160 deg Fat tomar ina Dieinse pram, Velma tora Spend rom ins mace aDaag Naw a, ‘bad 03 ° fa 88 2 ‘ise HH a es a 8 ii i ae fi Ho Be & i 30 a 0 2 Bt Fd Pa 3 ‘ie ise a Eo Ba a fee ao 0 a Pa ¢ ‘a0 Fa Ft i ies it ison Be a iam ae Fa Hi 2 as Exjerimontal Multite Disk Blower and Compressor A prultible disk blower was conmtscted using n totor of 18 is cacla 10-n, diameter, spared ‘Yicin. apant, "Ihe de rm mraunted on oli state vit nod Hotes eaea ee ls dwnotor deed yaruie) to tho shafts als ialee olde, ‘Tie rotor was Snclued In a housing providing a apa dete, ‘oll szound the rotor poripery.” Aa tho fine machias eet vibration 11,000 mn, prevente ing toting shove shout 10,500 ryan, No hotaingrto toe ents ‘were provide, Table 2 presets dats reprowntative of tho porforruanc ofthe Mice Opneation ws vary aableovor th tir ube nce ind tho nolo lvel wi exceptionally low for the totor ened fel, "Poatng wna conducted using trauliple ik ui tubheeae {te motive power forthe Won; no shalt poner antaawreneaty Erase, which prevented elaation of ho overal aluangy ot fie blower, ‘Thigh tke uso of peromtecicndeterined fos {kivies turbhas the highest overall (hydranlis)effcensy of tee vas eloaly caimated to be 17 percot whieh ooscread ct 1200 rpm and a alow rato of La ee A multiple dite compressor was constructed with « rotor 6,0 Ls in amor, compasud of TY disks each OA3Din« shi tl with 0.020in. mace fntwoon silicent die "The dss Ii Haily mounted to a slid stand Kidnoyeanaped eae {eles wero provided none te shat. ‘The rotor sas eifennd eae ‘mall throaghbolts. “he aominam hosing waa provided ih (veal dition serll wt the rota periphery. Bell bearings nese Journal of Engineering for Power 4 the passe Mian Se hme fow rato characte xoeinerta ‘ol selced rotatonl rpesde, Lured with ci-mist ubrfewion and carbon houslg to-zotor eats vero provided, Tig. 4 press 4 disncembled view vee oe Dressor A.melpl i turbine was usd a driving sit during aR of tho compnewoe, Fig 5 prensits asnnasy of there fornanco dita for the machine ove tho range of speed staid vehi performance is reported {i com pressor wa designed to operate nt spotde to 30000 pm Lut gush apes were not reachel die to Tileations of the none ‘reso al wply for the driving ir trie in Ue tt eon ier the colletion of the dala roto hers further tthe of the compressor wa aecomplinied wt Mighor gneade ack nk huded tio datermination ofthe power sled to te sonprearne ‘rabling calculation of the overall compressor ecco, ‘work wa ot compo a thie cate that efcloney inereatoa wi flow rato and that iieney in appronimtaly 25 poreonte 20000 {um std volun flow rata cf 180 cn, thie ing the higher lliclansy ot that sped, Detail, Dresor, the tat techniques, and complete rats tic contacone ‘nrooent thes 7) Jury i963 / 193‘Analy$ical Development ‘Several salvace prtaining to multiple ek pumpe and com- prasora have or ted ix apport of tho axpoviantel work ro Ported horn, "Thove aualyses ware in the sprit of Reilly ‘tidy and ateanpted ia esti Lo «reasonable dee the upper Tinie of porfortaace of eich machinery which Might be op- proached by ral devices "Tho mot informative uf the anatvsc, from the sacpoint of compromine btwenn acouraey of Use eathoinstiral modal and ‘Simplleity of the eatin, a given hrs, In tho unas, owe Toate single pre of ke conwidved thus itis eased ‘at the flowin all disk apes in sila. "his eandion is reananably attained i eal dick yuospe. lis of the vscon ‘owe eutions which tenly describe the flow in the zator, “fretion fustae” Hn ted af & pomeeter degripive uf the fice tional propertioe of the fle ping, and the falar is axeuned tas have a svotog ema uo Roroughoa tho space fetieeon ‘oro duks. ‘Ths ne of ach factor hw hen fied by eaper= ‘ntl york (8) eondhicted nthe dow Hotere parallel dike; the went of an average constant wale of Uo factor betwee {ds disks ie somos hat les defensible at i doubtley dator- sion f fet "The afulaiytheceore accunnte forthe Ror conditions within he sulor in a “frs-appsosimation” msance, Further, the “tule consiece the yettonmigge of an overs pump inloaing {he rotor, ibe ages, and lane. Tn the waytieal ml, the roveesible azote of all of the pap elem rotor) are conser Ue 0 allowance for fnckaded is tho salve. ‘he analyia therfore estates enly Yeo wpe Himitsu pore fearsanco of «dink pap vic ean be approached to greater fo lame degrce in fo tastier according to ths Ioses in the chines dae to ierovesity of tho Inlet and difusion process, “Sidage”feetonal Homes betwoin the eatce and the housing, ‘and the departare of Hie rotor ow process from that repre ‘ented by the mathemabical model of tha zoter fo proves uae, Th opite of thea fasts, the smal lvoe Hesight Bato the grou flues af the flow mechani and define tho maser in which ‘iin potforusco varies with gomotrieal and operational design paracter, “Tho sls are puss in diensinlose form and therefore dere an Taft af goometienl and flow yarwinoter evn dons, ‘The aralta ur bioved alles to low proseuzo blower: tus wea Hid pinpa ut neo of doubsfl wale for compressors inswhich compriibilty oveots aro egnifesat ‘Statement of Idealized Problem “he study flow of rt Renepresle Bid fs cmeidered sp plied toa pomp consisting of tre disks with wing flow passage bretwoun the dik, ‘The iis eonaorod Lo be aeoterated fron the atgston ate to purely radial Vell of whatever ma Fas 6 Pla fom ofc oe he WM /sury 1969 ita required by continuity to ait the dow inko the epee Ite the disk This eects is eonwidored to take place reverily, aid at the expongo of the Hind prcesure, ‘The tate frlil eomponont of te Did at tho anor rad of tho pam ator eros ‘he fv dann Uo anid tho nmorereuinferenen of te ace betwoon tho dit, "he fluid ie weed to vecupy th entire xpauc betweun the inks and to constitute x tve-dinwnsional axially symnc flew in the plane nt the disks, The diska aro plane, sith, call and roletng wits estan angular velocity. “At She mer sin te fis eatuie t eclleste fom te rotor and diverted 4 a atageation eondtion by reversible {lwaar Hg. 6 deplete the plan form of oda and w eur nave atom, Analysis Under the idasxatons mle the equations of motion fur the ‘tid bere tho dtr ean ba writon. Noe all derivatives with reepeot to fixe and @ are sor, th eomponanta cf accleratia sto aoe rativotion: wf = a ow Gairton: uo B® Foret on uid leant ano eomaored to he surfs frees only, that is gravitetionalfoross are jgnored. Surface forces we ‘to pressure gradicata and vieeove shear ates, “Pho Fors ot ud lent de to tho pews geadiont i s0 in the Osrotion becwiae of aint aysnmetry. “Tn the radial ion, th foeea due to tho peeasse yrudiot ts Cound from ‘oneidevafion ofa Buid somata br 2 seectan: 2 oy a ‘Vissour fom ace arcuate for by cxpressing tho shear str infact bots the fl wa Ube dss intr of ‘opalant factor factoring to tho eonventional hydali trae Snentef ble flow, Other ekefasuref afl element ars conrad to contributo ay tat vice free on 2 Buidolement, Tig. 7 d= pits iid earen Font which pn be derived the approsinate dranlie diamotie of 28. Th, «reba i cota betycon iad + by equating wittace Fores do fo tha stagnation prose (gradient fo girface forces dhe ene aceens ad the batndarne SF the flow. Teac, paleb — (p+ dpboh + Bene ~ 0 de pe te a My dation, ap _ filo ~ Oe bate o ? a whore the Drache tone l the velit uf the hi relive fo ‘he die, aqvored. ‘The factor fis assume constant thenghstt fhe dink agston, Combining equations (1) and (2) yields A ‘ Poe sn? asim ne fo ‘Transactions of the ASMEly a oP le = an ‘tho elation bot tho ehoar etre and tho fete ‘Tho force on a Mu elomont de a she tse bem, i tho em oppesite that af Ue rlative vl BP a 8 4 whete ‘nic has the components te = 268+ wenthir Me ~ Sa aT = B04 he ie O-irection eS" says — Oey, “The doveloped foros and sevslrations are now inte into Now tow'sInw ta obtain Be sextet AP Ge = 0 + we = Set Ba = oe [oi ele ond = 298+ 18) corde = peta] ‘hose spi to & fo 2 patie — 9 wd retions, respeutvely Be Oy ose aia Get tte oe a oy an Le ME Se ay an | oe eee Ce eee "eso ar the equations of motion forthe Maid fw between the sak Solution of the Equations of Motion awations (3) an (4) wore solved Ue eof at TBM 704 sigital conputer. Th ovdar to retain geerlty, the emvatione res fret redevod dineralonless te thn dimensianlos distance and di ‘eicty,eeaporively. Further, the ca gh introttien of mad 9 rmwinlans @ eeraponet of wn’ me. es lot ht toy ene ta a te ore vay an Sa tL OEY one X@-N oe ay ae -(2 ays te Pringle) a Souraal of Engineering for Power (eta) [Coon a9 aations (6) and (8) ware presented to the digital eompater ‘with the boundary condition 9(0) =O.” Tho aations were lved for all poste combinations ef the dlmopairdessparatne- ters giv in Table Te eae schon, ¢ wae copter ao the Tole 3 Dimensoniesvoibie an vals slated for cfettont f seth eer v.01 10 1.002 Ong 50 5.000, oor 100 8.100 0.06 20 ro indepondont variable and values of y and of AP, fore woie falluted vermis z, whore AP, fhe aceitod prow’ ehanigo In the flow betwen the dig an cbained ly the sition of ouation ). Pun Performance Parameters ‘An expression for the pressure lama of the fai weibioneoloration of thn Hid fein tho ile signaic he necesty radial velodty to eter between te fram conventional onoavamonal hy drain ar=~5(-5)" co ny = Q/2ex) from onntinuity. 1 diunsinless forme AP, 3 gs ‘pier ~~ \aairgt) * Ab the rotor dha tho premaro change of the Hid due to ovenible diiwio to the entlet stagnation state ia wrtten in tho se way ne arn 20 (2 )% + ome] a = Brey ane ug OP OP, 4 @ yi, ae 2 [Gna 2] ‘The aciiton of the dimensionless peesuire ebvages Brough he inet the diftcer, andthe ent [the hat tained om the ‘solution ef equation (0), ab each vale of 3, yields a value of AP pire. ‘This b the dimonsionle pressive change through the atice pump std wes computed at orm vale of» for every ‘ution of tho varies Tae 3. Tn order to form aa. aivieney exproasion for the pomp, tho ‘eal work per unit mae est wt se AP, 1 dimcosinoloa form, "Tha deul work then rendered dimensions to got Wes co ‘Tho uetual work raguieed to dive the ptyp fellows from ho onan T= —Op0traye veri from comideentions of gnguiar momenéam. Singe the wor Uo praduet of torque end angler voleity, it boerte, forwunit mes, sury r963 / 195Now the effiioney ia defined ox Wout 7 Wet os Bisel Weare = Atultens 7 AP fang 7 Values of tho torque and of th ofcloney ere computed at each vale of 2 Results of Analysis. ‘The compote reulte of Un coutationn sors of ooo date shoot for each possible combination of Uae variables lated in ‘Table 3. Tach shoot presoste¢ aa tho angunant, ranging frm 2s to. Srwiththoreulting value of y,APy/olr8, and the ‘imensionles torque funtion, Thome rests eeo tao voluminous ‘obo reproduced here 0. ‘Anglo sopresntative eso, which ote! of tho bale rola ‘obtained, i wiven in Fg. 8, platod for $= 001, fb = 80, end ir {nt ean the maximum vale of 9 ocr a th masiminn ovtar sadius for which the eoluton was obtained, nuncly, ab 2 = 5, ‘herefore, the churacterstie of «pump of Hxed goombtry, = 5, se pratt in the curves of Fign 0 through Bt. ‘These carves ‘conatitta tho ful reaia of this etd and enuble the des ‘of disk pump with any charuceritca within the inherent expe bility of tho disk-t rotor. Te rel, of conta, porte only toe pump with wo kvm external to tho rotor. Available con ventional los information for inlet, dito, pimp housing, and 0.0, ig. Typeal corvs of fitaney,ylocy ttle, and prsnare change li! Rated fort Grafh = Soy end 16 / surv 1963 Jn seta! pump, any diok spss mut bo provide to yield ‘pp with proveribod valumo Now rate, The necessary kum Lor of dks ean be computed from tha value of Q/Or? for angle dk space, which athe abedzea oft curves praentod. oti ft ir hows tat icky and the pressure rise Varough tho yup deoreeas with inrcusing Eth wns fon aa paras ithe tn ct, ‘luo of the low rate paramster a which the offcency aud pros seo igo aro aio. For flow retoe greeter Uw this Hare i a pressure drop across the puny which must bo supplied x Ttemally, ‘This i of cout, not a wohl pump ecxiton, In then, all power ma ail bo ssppied to the para tor tain tho rotor at the presoribed angular velocity. Tn the useful range of the low rato parameter, both the press rice and the eficiney inerons ns the flow rate desea. The ‘flouey approaches 1.00 aa the Mo rate approach ar. ‘Performance curves ehuting pressuzo rsa ax a fouetion of ‘alamo flow vat, fora given id and» pump eperating ab com tant spoed, em bo coretctod from tha information In Figg 9 through 24, Such carves shoal compare favarably with Yo per formanee carvan for conventional pumpe with smile Sol and distor Ieee, A very wido rang® of spec mpeed can be ale tainod with the aingle rotor coxfiratin. Diseussion ‘From the rorltt of the wanlyin gud experimentation, 1 pwelble to proliet the yruale parornance uf mattinie di pumped Blowers over a wldesange of tho wse spectrum. how tver, the poasble variety uf deo probibite moh considerations ese} each podicton would bo «aud In il "Tho rest show that multiple disk pumps, Blwoes, and come rescore are workable, faalo in the engineering eente, and re srorthy of frthur investigation. Bventusl competition of mult ‘loci tarbomashinery with eonvenioal Eurbomaehlnery aver ‘the majority of tho posible uso apeteam isnot inated by the established resulta. Howover, the performance and. the Siviency of dak turbamechingry aay be expecod to entln alate constant a the maphinos ar mu physically very wll eone ‘wast to the rapid decrease of efileey of conventional tatbo- inachinery with deereawe In ne. Thin mata that the muse disk pump may eveataally prove advantageous for very eral ‘olurne pumping epplestione, ‘ether, tho resus allow the conctsion thst disk pumps may Ihave an sdvantoge in the pumping of ertin exotic (sis having dlonaity andfor vinwaiy fav from that of water, For any’ eudh “Usd, etunbinaton of geometry and flow parameter exits for & ‘multiple disk pump to atsfactorly hao te fu: 8 cemals to bo ean whether oF no the disk pump can hand fe an odor that ere new untaunble for conventional pumps, but ‘he poebillty suggest eo. Iventual appliestions nem meet 1kely to be asada in mise and paco-age ryote a in other pecs eroumnelanean in which conventional pues, Blowers nd ‘ompreaore ere inedequate, ‘Fxpelones with the experimental machines indteatos that the feos of multiple disk tarborachinery ie Tow compared with that of eeaventional dove, and that they ean be manulachired Ina modest machine shop. This feature may encourage tho use tfaueh agchinos von in cases a which dere no perfarmanes er ‘ticioey edvantoge; for example, attometive, wats, foe, ad ‘il parma, tho blower i abtonetive wsperdhangor, and i reat and astomodive rigeraton syste Acknowledgment "Tho rosozch reportadhorin was conducted at Arironn State University, Tormpe, Arizona, and was npontored by Tea Tnatr- ‘mont Incorporated, Dalla, Texan, "The author expresea his appreciation to the General Blot Computer Caator at tho Arizona Stato University eaenpe and to ‘Transactions of the ASMEoT Abe. BN aa pore [egos Heoar | | atte ati? Yoo (aha Vista biome yn oh ar) wer] ‘are ‘dad f df she zi a 4 4 ° Ga — aoe oe =a » , ita] Vag (roar bar Vane \roos 1-002 meena Iieecon Pee jeors0 7 beseretd Irgure} gore i 4 sao Baer as Blan Jon rant 22 ey ee ur TO: THI ai Fae is OS EE Tm her a ae eau 17 Journal ot Engineering for Power sury 1963 / 197/or0 & i/o» 100 fb 200 AN Poe pete Yoo ABA Segre [aon AI trouver rovreze| 0 las le z a n ny alah 4 A 2 wy Ba =a SR ozs Si aoe Vane : a race, ee par “igure 24) la Figureae| “guree3) AF ok | { aeeeetn |p-o06 fas law Feaureag = Le 2) iL Pes 1 tuaugh 24 198 / surv 196s °: og oa a a a Me, ‘Tan Lalay of te Cate for preparing computer prograt and conducting the esouptations References 1, Volta Yoneni, Modustur Moral aut Nikols Niki "Niele ella 8561043, hyetarey Patents. Decisions” Nile Tele ‘Minaum, Dele, Pours 180 ie Teak tan Tes,” Seine Amorim, Sopra 0 oa Biareive‘arbinns Raginasing fof Loan), Novewber i ‘Meegoule, “hor ‘Parbines ot Pettenoate on Taian. * pane Meant Je, 491, p Si ‘Thea of th Tec Tabi,” Bugis of Landon), Ape “hw tovcalgaion of 4 Disk Bye Puan” ME. ae retin, Pra, ei 7 Walinee Gordon, a Ineenieaton of & Disk Type Congo vor" ER hn, tara este Unirry, Pape Ae "SP Undarmiod, "Vepeenal Charpeteriin of lacey ‘ontyned Air Hew Getwian Paral Sota Diy 1000, Dope ‘pow of Lnghnring elon, Avtaonn Bevo Unive, Pepe, liens ‘Warren ie, “Compuad els, Milne Dick Pu Auutyne” Und, Department of Hagin Sone, Araona Ste niece, Ten ie ‘Transactions of the ASME, \