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Fig. 5-3
I The Thévenin voltage is the open-circuit voltage appearing across the terminals ab, which isthe same as the
voltage across cd. For this open-ireuted network we need not consider the 6-0 resistor. The equivalent
resistance seen by the 90V is given by
werd
R,=8+ FO 280
‘The current /, shown in Fig. 5-35, becomes
90
eT 703A
Thus, the voltage
~ 7.0318) = 33.75 V
Current
and [.,=7.03-4,22=2.81 A,
Hence, Vyy = 2.81% 8= 22.48
To find the Thévenin resistance, we refer to Fig. 5.3¢ from which we obtain
(44498
R 44448
Ryy= Ray = 64 =10074 9 CHAPTER 5
$3 Reduce the delta-connected re
resistance for the modified circuit
tors of Fig. 5-3u to an equivalent wye. Find the Thévenin voltage and
Verify that the results agree with those of Prob. 5.2
sr. en ak aa ba @
wa
3
Ba ga +
= b&b * Fig. 5-4
I ‘The network reduction is shown in Fig. -4a, ‘The Thévenin voltage is across cn, which fs the voltage across
the 16/50 resistor and is given by
16 _
Vou Srigisters 5 ~ 4 ~725V
‘The cireuit for the Thévenin resistance is shown in Fig. S-4b from which
(8+8i5)16/5 , 8
Bow oie * 5 167100
Ven=
5.4 Determine the current i, in the 5-0 resistor of the cireuit shown in Fig. 4-6, by using Thévenin’s theorem.
I) The circuit to determine the Thévenin voltage is shown in Fig. 5-Sa, from which we have (for the two
meshes)
100+ 50=141,- 21, S0= 24 +54,
Solving for J, yields
1, = 12.884.
100 ~ 1(10) = 100 ~ 12.88(10) = ~28.8V
Figure 5-5 shows the circuit to determine the Thévenin resistance. ‘Therefore,
Thus, Ven
10+2+12
Vay 228.8
Hence, ho glts* Tapes 7 387A
& Fig.
Fig. $6
5.§ For the circuit shown in Fig. 45, we have R,= 100, R,=200, R,=300, and R,=600. Using the
‘Thévenin equivalent circuit show that the current in R, is zero and is independent of the values of the battery
voltage E and Ry56
ST
NETWORK THEOREMS 0 75
I The circuit, shown in Fig. 5-6, is drawn to determine the Thévenin voltage, ‘Thus, we obtain
EE
10+20
fy Vio a Yoon (10) ~ 130) = $ (10) ~ & (30) = ov
L A
‘And IL
+0
Hence the current in,
Sim
> >
Using Thévenin’s theorem, determine the current in the 2-2 resistor of the network shown in Fig. 4-8a
Spt lov
Fig. 5-7
I First, we change the 5-A current source to an equivalent voltage source. Consequently, we have the
‘Thévenin equivalent citeuit to determine Vj, as shovin in Fig. 5-7a. Writing the mesh equation yields
Iss
as-io=(s+ +3 or ea Sa
a-3(5 none
Hence, n=-3(3)4¥q of Vqn20+25=28¥
The circuit to determine R,,, is shown in Fig. $-7b from which
(0+5)3
10+54+3 aw
Thus, hat
Find the current / in the 10-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig, 4-9. Use Thévenin’s theorem.
Liga 2n
Fig. 5876 0 CHAPTER 5
I ‘The circuit to determine the Thévenin voltage is shown in Fig, -8a, from which
arertery “MOA
By current division,
1= (1.46) = 02448
Thos, Vin=30.24)=0.732V and Vyy=~20++0.732~ 19.268
From Fig. 5-86,
46.0
Finally, Ry, 2107 idea rig ~~ EA
5:8 By applying Thévenin’s theorem to the circuit of Fig. 4-10a determine the curent /, in the 102 resistor.
I After converting the current source to a voltage source, the Thévenin equivalent circuits to determine V,,,
and Ry, are shown in Fig. 5-9a and b, respectively.
ly ott ie, ee
ans (t Gd dot 4
L “{ et
@) ® Fig. 59
From Fig, 5-94 we obtain
100
1 70+m~
Also, 50= Vy, +Viy=Vin $40 or Vy =50-40=10V
A and Vay =2(20)=40V
From Fig. 5-95 we have
. 30x20 _
+ 3029 7170
10
Hence, tm gta TOA
59 Find the current in the 30-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-10a by Thévenin’s theorem
sa ee
Tee
20n
@ “ Fig. 5:10
I From the circuit of the Fig. 5102 we have
Fra
100+ V,, = 20(1.43)
or Vy = “71.43 VNETWORK THEOREMS { 77
From Fig. $-10b,
20(5 + 10)
2045410
1 Vn, =7.8
8 303 Ry” FBT
=8570
Hence
1.85.4,
8.10 Determine the current supplied by the 100-V source to the circuit of Fig. 4-14 by applying Thévenin’s theorem.
™!
© oy Fig. Salt
I The Thévenin equivalent circuits are drawn in Fig, S-I1a and b.
From Fig. 5-I1a, for the two meshes we obtain
50=30/,-101, and 50=-10/, + 301,
Hence, L=h=25A
For the mesh containing V,,, we have
100-V,,+10(%,) +10) =0 or Vz, = 100+ 10(2.5) + 10(2.5) = 150V
From Fig. 5-11b we get
‘Therefore the required current is
hoe" RTT"
S.11 By applying Thévenin’s theorem, determine the current supplied by the battery of the circuit of Fig. 4-15
nae lene
eae
“nm Ry
soe
Bon
tev a
[ So Su}
oe
@)
cc
n
ene A
7 >
©
Fig. 5-1278 J CHAPTER 5
I ‘The Thévenin equivalent circuits are drawn in Fig. S-12a and b
From Fig. 5-120 itis clear that no current flows through the resistors. Therefore,
Vin =10V.
To obtain Ry, we reduce the circuit of Fig. 5-126 10 that shown in Fig. 5-12c from which
50, (10-+50/33(S0+ 10/3) 100
R,
m= 9 + 1045073 $504 1073 ~ 3
10
Hence,
034
100
5.12 Using Thévenin's theorem find the current in the 1-2 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-16,
@ Fig. 513
I From the corresponding Thévenin equivalent circuits drawn in Fig. 5-13a and b we have
10x5 _ 10
me 045" 3
Vn, 50 _ 1st
Ratt” 3st 1B
Vy =50V and, a
Hence, No = 11.5384,
5.13 Solve for the current in the 2-0 resistor of the network of Fig. 4-17, by Thévenin’s theorem.
eee mee
Ea
ang D
; yang Be | “eon |
,
two My ay
(a) ® Fig. $-1
I The Thévenin’s equivalent circuits are shown in Fig. 5-14a and b. Thus, we obtain
ee
fence
ne
or. nega Yond(ig)=aa¥
20 _ 16x46 4)]+5)3
ce Bensiy ry= LEO a
ath
het RUS Tard 2A
S.14 Find the current in the 1-02 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-184 by Thévenin’s theorem,NETWORK THEOREMS. 79
ton a
|
4 Qe Jone.
@ ) Fig. 5:15
First, we transform the current sources to voltage sources a shown in Fig, 4186. Then, we define Vi, and
Ryy shown in Fig. 55a and b, respectively
From Fig. 5-154,
100-40 _ 15
joras3 "4
From Fig. 5-156,
1 A Voge 00-1108) =20-100- 18 (4)
(o+42 7
iorava a”
Ry
Vy _ 35/2
THR, 1474
=10A
Hence,
By Thévenin’s theorem, determine the current in the 4-0 resistor of the circuit shown in Fig. 4-186,
wor pin fe 1s
. Sn
aw) |
© l
m
nee (20v)
@
From Fig. 5-166,
4 2) 2
Wrai=3e
Voy _ 22013
TER,” 443213
Hence len
S16 In Fig. 4-22, given R
y
a po
we
Q, find the current in the 20-0 resistor by Thévenin’s theorem.
Fig. 5:17
I From Fig. 5-17a and 6 we have
Vy = 100V and Ry, = 0.080 J CHAPTERS
vy 100
Hence,
faa" 34, B40 54
Calculate the current in the 10-0 resistor of the circuit shown in Fig. 4-23a by Thévenin’s theorem.
—+ &
bands “9. Ihe “
es _I
aa 7 7
«w b Fig. 5-18
I From Fig. 5-18a,
Vyq25X2001KY 50-Vp,—100=0
Or Vy, = -50V
From Fig. 5-186,
Ry = 20+ 20= 400
v -30
ee hon™ THR, Tora 1A
Find the current in the 20-0 resistor of the citcuit of Fig. 4-24a by Thévenin’s theorem.
Le ey = 5 Jose sn
EV,
@ -
I From Fig. 5194
Ven =2X8=16V (with polarities as shown)
10 20
Voom peg @= FY and Ven Vin + Ven 20
Ths, n= Bates By
From Fig. 5-196,
Rip
Hens toa= gn = ge
ona
5.19 Find the current in the 20-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-24 by Thévenin’s theorem.
Fig. 5-205.20
8.21
$22
NETWORK THEOREMS J 81
I From Fig. 520a solving for V, and Y, yields
20
o = 2v ond
or F=Vyt16=0 oF
x4, 16
Ryn Wt 2 Bo
Vy 1327132
Hence, hyo SULA
20+ R,, 20+ 7617 ~ 216
Determine the current through the 12-V source of Fig. 4-25a by applying Thévenin’s theorem and nodal
analysis
® Fig. 5-21
I From Fig. 5210 we have
Thus
and
From Fig. 5-21,
fave Ree
Repeat Prob. 5.20 using the circuit of Fig. 4-25d.
In this ease, by inspection, we have
Vpy=1242=1(08)=13.2V Ry =1+08416=3.40
B2
Hence faye Fa TBA
Find the current in the 2-0. resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-28 by Thévenin’s theorem,62 7) CHAPTERS
Ae 9 SE
Fig. $22
5(16)(8)
16+8
v
From Fig, $-22b,
5.23 In Fig. 430, given R,
theorem.
@ @ Fig. 5-23
I From Fig. 5-23a and b we obtain
S+10=(5+5) or
Ths, Ve 5~S(LS)=-25V and
Vin
Hence Ine TOHR,, ~ W
8.24 Determine the current in the 5-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-33, by Thévenin’s theorem.
2 See
oy
”
4
an 7
el
“@ Fig. 5:24
J From Fig. 5-240,
V,=1(500)=S00V and 100+500-V,,=0 or Vz, = 600V
Also, Ry, = 5000NETWORK THEOREMS J 83
From Fig. $-24b,
y,
Z)+%y-5%q oe 62s
SP = 1258
Thus, 600 =
5.25 Determine the current through the short-circuited terminals ab in the circuit of Fig. 4-37 by Thévenin’s theorem.
I By opemcircuiting ab in Fig. 437, we obtain
Also from Fig. 4-37,
Thus,
$8.26 Find the current in the 4-0 resistor of the circuit shown i Use
Thévenin’s theorem,
ne
Fig. 5-25
F To determine Vp, we redraw the citeuit as shown in Fig. 5:25 from which we obtain
-% W-% view %
or6 676
Or
Thus,
% 2
and V=V,—6)= > - 5(6)=12V
Hence, “Vyp=I2-Vy=0V and yg OA
5.27 By applying Thévenin’s theorem to the circuit of
connected to node 2,
ig, 4-38b determine the current 7 in the 12-0 resistor
_ ne a
co meee tte Tee ie | an
:
Y & Mr a,
a 7 —_
@ @o Fig. 5-26
I From Fig. 5-26a we have
maw 3
peasaea 54ea 0
5.28
5.29
CHAPTER 5
Thus,
From Fig. 5-266,
_¥ Tis _ 6
2-233 "7
Hence T= hia
Find the current J in the 5-01 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-41 by Thévenin’s theorem.
ne we
se [| CO
+ Lig pa) yl hat
©) vi )leek ssn Ry
Y2pece Mt foo
Lot L __J
(a) “@
poe
Bon
nv
sng EO Sa0n 2,
—!
© @) Fig. 5.27
I From Fig. 5.274 we have
Solving for Vi, yields
1020
a
Now, referring to Fig. 5276, we transform it to an equivalent delta shown in Fig. 5-27, which may be
reduced to that shown in Fig. $-27c, ‘Therefore. ftom Fig, 5-27d we obtain
(165/14)30 _ 110
+30 ~ 13
Vy, _ (1020/13) __ 204
SFR, 5+ (t0713)
R
Hence, hea
Find the current in the 5-00 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-43 by Thévenin’s theorem,NETWORK THEOREMS 7 85
Ne
ea
rh Orr a
wig un oe ar on
2 tn. tt
© “o Fig, 5.28
I From Fig, 5-28a we obtain
2 ve
2 10 ~
or and 15Vp,~17¥, =240
= 0
Hence, Vn= a V
From Fig. 5.280,
(Q) 34
im WOH 3
49013
Thus, ho 55 Ry 7 343s OA
5.30 Determine the current in the 2-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig, 4-43, by Thévenin’s theorem.
aH b Fig. 5.29
v,
¥ and
Thus,
i - 830 _ 810 _
Since, WAV +82=¥, Vey = 880-810
(O+5)4 _ 60 _ Vin =S88/19
Worsta 19% = ba= FER > Teer ~ OA
5.31 Evaluate the current in the 50-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-45 by Thévenin's theorem.
wie vat hy ee
a
aa vie + Re “
meat FG) in
@ & Fig. 5.3086 J CHAPTER 5
J From Fig. 5300 we have
or ~37V, +30V, = 540
or ~94¥, + 145V,
1990,
Solving for V. yields
8.2
= 6342-9 = 54.42
Hence,
From Fig. 5-30b we obtain
4.42.0
Vy 54.82
+R, 304442
Thus,
OA
. oa
$.32 Calculate the current /, in the circuit of Fig. 4-46 by Thévenin’s theorem.
Fig. 531
I From the Thévenin equivalent circuits of Fig. 5 31a and we have
Yq + 50-204 10=0
a HV Ry =00
40
ee N= a0=R, ~~ 20407 2A
3.33 Find the current J, in Fig. 446 by Thévenin’s theorem,
1 By inspection,
20~ Vy -9~ 10=0
or V2 1¥
Hence
8.34 Find the current in the 3-9 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-55 by Thévenin’s theorem.
# The Thévenin equivalent circuits are shown in Fig. 532a and b. From Fig. 5-324,
bg 2 0A
or v,=10x2=207
Abo, Ma or v= vy
7NETWORK THEOREMS JU 87
@) wo Fig. 5-32
Finally, or
From Fig. 5-326,
S4+$4+2=90
Vow 3807
Hence, ha-3eR, ~ 345577 94
5.38 By Thévenin’s theorem, calculate the current through the galvanometer, having a resistance of 200, in the
Wheatstone bridge shown in Fig. 5-334.
los, we 300
4on
@ Fig. 6.33
I) From Fig. 5.330 we have
=044
0.4%40= 16
Also, oa = 16-9=7V
From Fig. 5-33¢,
10x30 , 40x50
10730 * 40+ 50 ~79720
7
eee +R, Wr OA
5.36 Determine the current in the 10-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 5-344.
I From Fig. 5344,
ee oer oo
WOOF B)]TSOIOF BW ~ 6S
18
Ba
h A
fatas 0 CHAPTER 5
Bon. 30,
ay'm RR,
200 aon\
i
mG
Te nt
400.\2| / son ‘BON
Bev
t—
@ ® Fig. 534
And Vax ~ Van + Von) = 9
rs Vays 120) + (40) = 2S x 20+ 38 (40) = 22 y
or ¥,
From Fig, 5-34,
R= Ba
3B
360/13 _ 360
Hence 4
wo" TOF RK, 10+ 228713 ~ 358 7 LOA
5.37 Find the current in the 3-0. resistor of the circuit of Fig. 5-35a by Thévenin’s theorem,
rn
bn i Pea
Oo
al
h + 2 Z6n
6 on Sen % R.
2 | |
@ © Fig. 8.35,
I From Fig. 5356 we have
Vay 36, Von
+42 or
DR é
From Fig, 5-35¢ we obtain
Hence,
5.38 By Thévenin’s theorem, find the current in the 19.2-2 resistor of the circuit shown in Fig, $-36a.NETWORK THEOREMS [ 89
19.22
wa conn
o.oo
aon
ote booms
eee Ry Ry
smn
mm wn fom
an an.
© @) Fig. 5-36
I From Fig. 5-366,
5.961, -0.1=120 0.11, +981, = 120
or 1,=2034A and 245A
Hence, Vo = 9.61, + 5.16, = 9.6% 12.45 + 5.16 x 20.34 = 236.7
From Fig. 5:36¢ and d
(0.098 + 5.16)(0.001 + 0.1) 2367 _
Ray = 0.098 + (0.098 + 5.76 + 0,001 + 0.1 ee 1928 19.2+0.197 ee
$.39 Find the current in the 9-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 5-37a by Thévenin’s theorem.
po Me re be Ney
aca @
) @
@
-&
an on VI,
Coy
@ Fig. $37
F Since the circuit contains a dependent voltage source, we obtain Ry, = VaclTycy where Voc and lye &Fe,
respectively, defined in Fig. 5-376 and c
From Fig 5376,
2+61,=41,+61, oF =5x6=30V90
5.40
Sal
CHAPTER 5
From Fig. 5-37¢,
W=4ge OF ye = SA.
Yoo _ 30 _
Hence, Raa T= FA 60 and
Find the current in the 10-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 5-384.
©) de oA
(@
Fig. $38
FF Proceeding as in Prob. 5.38, from Fig. 5-38b we have
100- Ye + 10¥,
From Fig. 538¢ we obtain
¥,20 and V,=10x5=50V or Vic= n= 550V
100+ 10¥,-V,=C or
Also, Ie t10=- 102 gy
Thus, =-450
Hence, loa > =I
10-45
Calculate the current in the 6-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig, 5-394 by Thévenin’s theorem
in + wn
(ey Fig. 5-39NETWORK THEOREMS J 91
I First, we calculate Voc from Fig. 5-39. Thus,
18+ V, #2V, ~ Voc
But V,=3K1=3V or Vac
From Fig. 5-39,
18+V,+2V,=0 or 18+3¥,=0
But
Thus,
Hence
5.42 Determine the current in the 2-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-55 by Thévenin’s theorem.
in
Ge. Gn, 6
ECan 1 iw
¥ sn |
o Fig. 5-40
I From Fig. 5-402,
404+ 1,461
Vig = 6x5=30V
From Fig. 5406,
6x1_@ Ve
ReaSt3t p= 70 be aR, 24a
8.43 Find the current in the 24-01 resistor of the circuit of Fig. S-#1a by Thévenin’s theorem.
I To determine Vp, we remove the 24-0 resistor. Then,
Vin = Vay = ~101,(12) = ~1201,
8 48-3V,_ 48-3V,
ut 1000 1000
-3y,
Thus, Vi,= -120 SB) Vag=-OV= Voc
1000
To determine R,, we short-circuit the terminals ab. The circuit reduces to that shown in Fig. 5-410, since92 0
8.44
5.48
CHAPTER 5
®
Te tka
Pio dna Vlog
)
Vi=0. Thus,
8 _
feo tol, and 1,478 oe = 08
o
Hence, 2 5218750
2 -
Finally, hea 5p og7e OMA
Find the current in the 14-0 resistor of the circuit 0° Fig. 5-42 by Thévenin’s theorem.
$42
I To find Vz, = Vacs We open-circuit ab. Thus,
Vo = Vix = 10 ~(-0.1V,)5 = 10+ 0.5Voe
or Vac =20V = Voy
Next we short-circuit ab resulting in V, =O and 0.1V, =0. Thus,
1 _10 Yoo, 20 20
hes sega of Rm TE 7073 = 76% and Ian = FEE IG = OSA
Determine the current in the 16-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 5-43 by Thévenin's theorem,
I Open-circuiting ab in Fig. $-43 yields
Voc=Va=40V since 1,
Short-cicting ab implies that ne = 1. And
40-
Toc + 0.8 lc ua
105.46
S47
5.48
NETWORK THEOREMS
But
_4
Therefore, ben BA
Hence,
pee oh
aan rb
z
os, gun
#a(t) ja) oer, lon
Fig. 5-43 4 Fig. 5-44
Repeat Prob. 5.45 by converting the 40 voltage source to an equivalent current source.
I The new circuit is shown in Fig. 5-44 from which the open-circuit voltage is
= 10K4=40V= Va,
To find Ise, we short-circuit ab and use the nodal equation to obtain
v +081,+1, and
10
40
Hence, how 5g A
which is identical to the result of Prob. 5.45.
Determine the current in the 8-0 resistor of the circuit of Fig. 4-54, for k=2, by Thévenin’s theorem
I By inspection, with the 8-0 resistor removed,
Voc = Vy = 16V
‘When the 8-1 resistor is short-circuited,
Ig = © and
16
Thus, 09 y= = 204
ha = 94g =?
Find the current J in the circuit of Fig. 4-56 by Thévenin’s theorem.
Fig. 545
I First, we remove the 4-0 resistor to obtain the circuit shown in Fig, 5-45 to determine Vac. Thus, /=0
and
V,=5x3=15V and 124+¥ye-Vj=0 or Voc = 1S~12=3V.
To find i. we short-circuit ab through which I... = I flows. Then,
, MeV)
and94 0 CHAPTER 5
5.49 Obtain the Thévenin equivalent circuit at the terminals ab of the circuit shown in Fig. $.46a,
an
at
7 on aw 40.
- ce :
@ . ® Fig. 5-46
I Note that this circuit does not contain any independent sources. To obtain the Thévenin equivalent we
apply a voltage source of 1 V at ab. Therefore.
or I=tA and
‘The Thévenin equivalent circuit is shown in Fig. 5-466.
5.80 The equivalent circuit of an operational amplifier is shown in Fig. 5-47. Find the Thévenin equivalent
resistance at the output terminals. Assume R,